2018 README updates.

[movit] / README

<!-- Author's note; this was intended to become a home page at some point,
     but I'm not interested enough in grokking HTML right now, so it became
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Announcing Movit
================

Movit is the Modern Video Toolkit, notwithstanding that anything that's
called “modern” usually isn't, and it's really not a toolkit.

Movit aims to be a _high-quality_, _high-performance_, _open-source_
library for video filters.


TL;DR, please give me download link and system demands
======================================================

OK, you need

* A C++11 compiler. GCC will do. (I haven't tried Windows, but it
  works fine on Linux and OS X, and Movit is not very POSIX-bound.)
* GNU Make.
* A GPU capable of running OpenGL 3.0 or newer. GLES3 (for mobile devices)
  will also work.
* The [Eigen 3], [FFTW3] and [Google Test] libraries. (The library itself
  does not depend on the latter, but you probably want to run the unit tests.)
  If you also have the Google microbenchmark library, you can get some
  benchmarks as well.
* The [epoxy] library, for dealing with OpenGL extensions on various
  platforms.

Movit has been tested with Intel GPUs with the Mesa drivers
(you'll probably need at least Mesa 8.0), Radeon 3850 and GeForce GTX 550
on Linux with the manufacturer's drivers, and with GeForce 8800 on OS X.
Again, most likely, GPU compatibility shouldn't be a big issue. See below
for performance estimates.


Still TL;DR, please give me the list of filters
===============================================

Blur, diffusion, FFT-based convolution, glow, lift/gamma/gain (color
correction), mirror, mix (add two inputs), luma mix (use a map to wipe between
two inputs), overlay (the Porter-Duff “over” operation), scale (bilinear and
Lanczos), sharpen (both by unsharp mask and by Wiener filters), saturation
(or desaturation), vignette, white balance, and a deinterlacer (YADIF).

Yes, that's a short list. But they all look great, are fast and don't give
you any nasty surprises. (I'd love to include denoise and
framerate up-/downconversion to the list, but doing them well are
all research-grade problems, and Movit is currently not there.)


TL;DR, but I am interested in a programming example instead
===========================================================

Assuming you have an OpenGL context already set up (either a classic OpenGL
context, a GL 3.x forward-compatible or core context, or a GLES3 context):

<code>
  using namespace movit;
  EffectChain chain(1280, 720);

  ImageFormat inout_format;
  inout_format.color_space = COLORSPACE_sRGB;
  inout_format.gamma_curve = GAMMA_sRGB;
  FlatInput *input = new FlatInput(inout_format, FORMAT_BGRA_POSTMULTIPLIED_ALPHA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 1280, 720));
  chain.add_input(input);

  Effect *saturation_effect = chain.add_effect(new SaturationEffect());
  saturation_effect->set_float("saturation", 0.7f);

  Effect *lift_gamma_gain_effect = chain.add_effect(new LiftGammaGainEffect());
  const float gain[] = { 0.8f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
  lift_gamma_gain_effect->set_vec3("gain", &gain);

  chain.add_output(inout_format, OUTPUT_ALPHA_FORMAT_POSTMULTIPLIED);
  chain.finalize();

  for ( ;; ) {
    // Do whatever you need here to decode the next frame into <pixels>.
    input->set_pixel_data(pixels);
    chain.render_to_screen();
  }
</code>


OK, I can read a bit. What do you mean by “modern”?
===================================================

Backwards compatibility is fine and all, but sometimes we can do better
by observing that the world has moved on. In particular:

* It's 2018, so people want to edit HD video.
* It's 2018, so everybody has a GPU.
* It's 2018, so everybody has a working C++ compiler.
  (Even Microsoft fixed theirs around 2003!)

While from a programming standpoint I'd love to say that it's 2018
and interlacing does no longer exist, but that's not true (and interlacing,
hated as it might be, is actually a useful and underrated technique for
bandwidth reduction in broadcast video). Movit may eventually provide
limited support for working with interlaced video; it has a deinterlacer,
but cannot currently process video in interlaced form.


What do you mean by “high-performance”?
=======================================

Today, you can hardly get a _cellphone_ without a multi-core, SIMD-capable
CPU, and a GPU. Yet, almost all open-source pixel processing I've seen
is written using straight-up single-threaded, scalar C! Clearly there is
room for improvement here, and that improvement is sorely needed.
We want to edit 1080p video, not watch slideshows.

Movit has chosen to run all pixel processing on the GPU, mostly using GLSL
fragment shaders. While “run on the GPU” does not equal “infinite speed”,
GPU programming is probably the _simplest_ way of writing highly parallel code,
and it also frees the CPU to do other things like video decoding.

Although compute shaders are supported, and can be used or speedups if
available (currently, only the deinterlacer runs as a compute shader), it is
surprisingly hard to get good performance for compute shaders for anything
nontrivial. This is also one of the primary reasons why Movit uses GLSL and
not any of the major GPU compute frameworks (CUDA and OpenCL), although it
is also important that it is widely supported (unlike CUDA) and driver quality
general is fairly good (unlike OpenCL).

Exactly what speeds you can expect is of course highly dependent on
your GPU and the exact filter chain you are running. As a rule of thumb,
you can run a reasonable filter chain (a lift/gamma/gain operation,
a bit of diffusion, maybe a vignette) at 720p in around 30 fps on a four-year-old
Intel laptop. If you have a somewhat newer Intel card, you can do 1080p
video without much problems. And on a low-range nVidia card of today
(GTX 550 Ti), you can probably process 4K movies directly.


What do you mean by “high-quality”?
===================================

Movit aims to be high-quality in two important aspects, namely _code quality_
and _output quality_. (Unfortunately, documentation quality is not on the
list yet. Sorry.)


High-quality output?
====================

Movit works internally in linear floating-point all the way, strongly
reducing interim round-off and clipping errors. Furthermore, Movit is
(weakly) colorspace-aware. Why do colorspaces matter? Well, here's a video frame from a typical
camera, which records in Rec. 709 (the typical HDTV color space), and here's the 
same frame misinterpreted as Rec. 601 (the typical SDTV color space):

[insert picture here]

The difference might be subtle, but would you like that color cast?
Maybe you could correct for it manually, but what if it happened on output
instead of on input? And I can promise you that once we move to more
wide-gamut color spaces, like the one in Rec. 2020 (used for UHDTV), the
difference will be anything but subtle. As of [why working in linear
light matters](http://www.4p8.com/eric.brasseur/gamma.html),
others have explained it better than I can; note also that this makes Movit
future-proof when the world moves towards 10- and 12-bit color precision
(although the latter requires Movit to change from 16-bit to 32-bit floating
point, it is a simple switch). The extra power from the GPU makes all of this
simple, so do we not need to make too many concessions for the sake of speed.

Movit does not currently do ICC profiles or advanced gamut mapping;
if you have out-of-gamut colors, they will clip. Sorry.


OK, and high-quality code?
==========================

Image processing code can be surprisingly subtle; it's easy to write
code that looks right, but that makes subtle artifacts that explode
when processed further in a later step. (Or code that simply never
worked, just that nobody cared to look at the output when a given
parameter was set. I've seen that, too.)

Movit tries to counteract this by three different strategies:

* First, _look at the output_. Does it look good? Really?
  Even if you zoom in on the results? Don't settle for “meh, I'm 
  sure that's the best it can get”.
* Second, _keep things simple_. Movit does not aim for including
  every possible video effect under the sun (there are [others out there]
  that want that); the [YAGNI] principle is applied quite strongly throughout
  the code. It's much better to write less code but actually
  understand what it does; whenever I can replace some magic matrix
  or obscure formula from the web with a clean calculation and a descriptive
  comment on top, it makes me a bit happier. (Most of the time,
  it turns out that I had used the matrix or formula in a wrong
  way anyway. My degree is in multimedia signal processing, but it
  does not mean I have a deep understanding of everything people do
  in graphics.)
* Third, _have unit tests_. Tests are boring, but they are unforgiving
  (much more unforgiving than your eye), and they keep stuff from breaking
  afterwards. Almost every single test I wrote has uncovered bugs in Movit,
  so they have already paid for themselves.

There is, of course, always room for improvement. I'm sure you can find
things that are stupid, little-thought-out, or buggy. If so, please let me
know.


What do you mean by “open-source”?
==================================

Movit is licensed under the [GNU GPL](http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html),
either version 2 or (at your option) any later version. You can find the full
text of the license in the COPYING file, included with Movit.