git.sesse.net Git - stockfish/blob - src/book.cpp

   1 /*
   2   Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
   3   Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
   4   Copyright (C) 2008 Marco Costalba
   5
   6   Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   7   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   8   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   9   (at your option) any later version.
  10
  11   Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  12   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  13   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  14   GNU General Public License for more details.
  15
  16   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  17   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  18 */
  19
  20
  21 /*
  22   The code in this file is based on the opening book code in PolyGlot
  23   by Fabien Letouzey.  PolyGlot is available under the GNU General
  24   Public License, and can be downloaded from http://wbec-ridderkerk.nl
  25 */
  26
  27
  28 ////
  29 //// Includes
  30 ////
  31
  32 #include <cassert>
  33
  34 #include "book.h"
  35 #include "mersenne.h"
  36 #include "movegen.h"
  37
  38
  39 ////
  40 //// Global variables
  41 ////
  42
  43 Book OpeningBook;
  44
  45
  46 ////
  47 //// Local definitions
  48 ////
  49
  50 namespace {
  51
  52   /// Random numbers from PolyGlot, used to compute book hash keys.
  53
  54   const uint64_t Random64[781] = {
  55     0x9D39247E33776D41ULL, 0x2AF7398005AAA5C7ULL, 0x44DB015024623547ULL,
  56     0x9C15F73E62A76AE2ULL, 0x75834465489C0C89ULL, 0x3290AC3A203001BFULL,
  57     0x0FBBAD1F61042279ULL, 0xE83A908FF2FB60CAULL, 0x0D7E765D58755C10ULL,
  58     0x1A083822CEAFE02DULL, 0x9605D5F0E25EC3B0ULL, 0xD021FF5CD13A2ED5ULL,
  59     0x40BDF15D4A672E32ULL, 0x011355146FD56395ULL, 0x5DB4832046F3D9E5ULL,
  60     0x239F8B2D7FF719CCULL, 0x05D1A1AE85B49AA1ULL, 0x679F848F6E8FC971ULL,
  61     0x7449BBFF801FED0BULL, 0x7D11CDB1C3B7ADF0ULL, 0x82C7709E781EB7CCULL,
  62     0xF3218F1C9510786CULL, 0x331478F3AF51BBE6ULL, 0x4BB38DE5E7219443ULL,
  63     0xAA649C6EBCFD50FCULL, 0x8DBD98A352AFD40BULL, 0x87D2074B81D79217ULL,
  64     0x19F3C751D3E92AE1ULL, 0xB4AB30F062B19ABFULL, 0x7B0500AC42047AC4ULL,
  65     0xC9452CA81A09D85DULL, 0x24AA6C514DA27500ULL, 0x4C9F34427501B447ULL,
  66     0x14A68FD73C910841ULL, 0xA71B9B83461CBD93ULL, 0x03488B95B0F1850FULL,
  67     0x637B2B34FF93C040ULL, 0x09D1BC9A3DD90A94ULL, 0x3575668334A1DD3BULL,
  68     0x735E2B97A4C45A23ULL, 0x18727070F1BD400BULL, 0x1FCBACD259BF02E7ULL,
  69     0xD310A7C2CE9B6555ULL, 0xBF983FE0FE5D8244ULL, 0x9F74D14F7454A824ULL,
  70     0x51EBDC4AB9BA3035ULL, 0x5C82C505DB9AB0FAULL, 0xFCF7FE8A3430B241ULL,
  71     0x3253A729B9BA3DDEULL, 0x8C74C368081B3075ULL, 0xB9BC6C87167C33E7ULL,
  72     0x7EF48F2B83024E20ULL, 0x11D505D4C351BD7FULL, 0x6568FCA92C76A243ULL,
  73     0x4DE0B0F40F32A7B8ULL, 0x96D693460CC37E5DULL, 0x42E240CB63689F2FULL,
  74     0x6D2BDCDAE2919661ULL, 0x42880B0236E4D951ULL, 0x5F0F4A5898171BB6ULL,
  75     0x39F890F579F92F88ULL, 0x93C5B5F47356388BULL, 0x63DC359D8D231B78ULL,
  76     0xEC16CA8AEA98AD76ULL, 0x5355F900C2A82DC7ULL, 0x07FB9F855A997142ULL,
  77     0x5093417AA8A7ED5EULL, 0x7BCBC38DA25A7F3CULL, 0x19FC8A768CF4B6D4ULL,
  78     0x637A7780DECFC0D9ULL, 0x8249A47AEE0E41F7ULL, 0x79AD695501E7D1E8ULL,
  79     0x14ACBAF4777D5776ULL, 0xF145B6BECCDEA195ULL, 0xDABF2AC8201752FCULL,
  80     0x24C3C94DF9C8D3F6ULL, 0xBB6E2924F03912EAULL, 0x0CE26C0B95C980D9ULL,
  81     0xA49CD132BFBF7CC4ULL, 0xE99D662AF4243939ULL, 0x27E6AD7891165C3FULL,
  82     0x8535F040B9744FF1ULL, 0x54B3F4FA5F40D873ULL, 0x72B12C32127FED2BULL,
  83     0xEE954D3C7B411F47ULL, 0x9A85AC909A24EAA1ULL, 0x70AC4CD9F04F21F5ULL,
  84     0xF9B89D3E99A075C2ULL, 0x87B3E2B2B5C907B1ULL, 0xA366E5B8C54F48B8ULL,
  85     0xAE4A9346CC3F7CF2ULL, 0x1920C04D47267BBDULL, 0x87BF02C6B49E2AE9ULL,
  86     0x092237AC237F3859ULL, 0xFF07F64EF8ED14D0ULL, 0x8DE8DCA9F03CC54EULL,
  87     0x9C1633264DB49C89ULL, 0xB3F22C3D0B0B38EDULL, 0x390E5FB44D01144BULL,
  88     0x5BFEA5B4712768E9ULL, 0x1E1032911FA78984ULL, 0x9A74ACB964E78CB3ULL,
  89     0x4F80F7A035DAFB04ULL, 0x6304D09A0B3738C4ULL, 0x2171E64683023A08ULL,
  90     0x5B9B63EB9CEFF80CULL, 0x506AACF489889342ULL, 0x1881AFC9A3A701D6ULL,
  91     0x6503080440750644ULL, 0xDFD395339CDBF4A7ULL, 0xEF927DBCF00C20F2ULL,
  92     0x7B32F7D1E03680ECULL, 0xB9FD7620E7316243ULL, 0x05A7E8A57DB91B77ULL,
  93     0xB5889C6E15630A75ULL, 0x4A750A09CE9573F7ULL, 0xCF464CEC899A2F8AULL,
  94     0xF538639CE705B824ULL, 0x3C79A0FF5580EF7FULL, 0xEDE6C87F8477609DULL,
  95     0x799E81F05BC93F31ULL, 0x86536B8CF3428A8CULL, 0x97D7374C60087B73ULL,
  96     0xA246637CFF328532ULL, 0x043FCAE60CC0EBA0ULL, 0x920E449535DD359EULL,
  97     0x70EB093B15B290CCULL, 0x73A1921916591CBDULL, 0x56436C9FE1A1AA8DULL,
  98     0xEFAC4B70633B8F81ULL, 0xBB215798D45DF7AFULL, 0x45F20042F24F1768ULL,
  99     0x930F80F4E8EB7462ULL, 0xFF6712FFCFD75EA1ULL, 0xAE623FD67468AA70ULL,
 100     0xDD2C5BC84BC8D8FCULL, 0x7EED120D54CF2DD9ULL, 0x22FE545401165F1CULL,
 101     0xC91800E98FB99929ULL, 0x808BD68E6AC10365ULL, 0xDEC468145B7605F6ULL,
 102     0x1BEDE3A3AEF53302ULL, 0x43539603D6C55602ULL, 0xAA969B5C691CCB7AULL,
 103     0xA87832D392EFEE56ULL, 0x65942C7B3C7E11AEULL, 0xDED2D633CAD004F6ULL,
 104     0x21F08570F420E565ULL, 0xB415938D7DA94E3CULL, 0x91B859E59ECB6350ULL,
 105     0x10CFF333E0ED804AULL, 0x28AED140BE0BB7DDULL, 0xC5CC1D89724FA456ULL,
 106     0x5648F680F11A2741ULL, 0x2D255069F0B7DAB3ULL, 0x9BC5A38EF729ABD4ULL,
 107     0xEF2F054308F6A2BCULL, 0xAF2042F5CC5C2858ULL, 0x480412BAB7F5BE2AULL,
 108     0xAEF3AF4A563DFE43ULL, 0x19AFE59AE451497FULL, 0x52593803DFF1E840ULL,
 109     0xF4F076E65F2CE6F0ULL, 0x11379625747D5AF3ULL, 0xBCE5D2248682C115ULL,
 110     0x9DA4243DE836994FULL, 0x066F70B33FE09017ULL, 0x4DC4DE189B671A1CULL,
 111     0x51039AB7712457C3ULL, 0xC07A3F80C31FB4B4ULL, 0xB46EE9C5E64A6E7CULL,
 112     0xB3819A42ABE61C87ULL, 0x21A007933A522A20ULL, 0x2DF16F761598AA4FULL,
 113     0x763C4A1371B368FDULL, 0xF793C46702E086A0ULL, 0xD7288E012AEB8D31ULL,
 114     0xDE336A2A4BC1C44BULL, 0x0BF692B38D079F23ULL, 0x2C604A7A177326B3ULL,
 115     0x4850E73E03EB6064ULL, 0xCFC447F1E53C8E1BULL, 0xB05CA3F564268D99ULL,
 116     0x9AE182C8BC9474E8ULL, 0xA4FC4BD4FC5558CAULL, 0xE755178D58FC4E76ULL,
 117     0x69B97DB1A4C03DFEULL, 0xF9B5B7C4ACC67C96ULL, 0xFC6A82D64B8655FBULL,
 118     0x9C684CB6C4D24417ULL, 0x8EC97D2917456ED0ULL, 0x6703DF9D2924E97EULL,
 119     0xC547F57E42A7444EULL, 0x78E37644E7CAD29EULL, 0xFE9A44E9362F05FAULL,
 120     0x08BD35CC38336615ULL, 0x9315E5EB3A129ACEULL, 0x94061B871E04DF75ULL,
 121     0xDF1D9F9D784BA010ULL, 0x3BBA57B68871B59DULL, 0xD2B7ADEEDED1F73FULL,
 122     0xF7A255D83BC373F8ULL, 0xD7F4F2448C0CEB81ULL, 0xD95BE88CD210FFA7ULL,
 123     0x336F52F8FF4728E7ULL, 0xA74049DAC312AC71ULL, 0xA2F61BB6E437FDB5ULL,
 124     0x4F2A5CB07F6A35B3ULL, 0x87D380BDA5BF7859ULL, 0x16B9F7E06C453A21ULL,
 125     0x7BA2484C8A0FD54EULL, 0xF3A678CAD9A2E38CULL, 0x39B0BF7DDE437BA2ULL,
 126     0xFCAF55C1BF8A4424ULL, 0x18FCF680573FA594ULL, 0x4C0563B89F495AC3ULL,
 127     0x40E087931A00930DULL, 0x8CFFA9412EB642C1ULL, 0x68CA39053261169FULL,
 128     0x7A1EE967D27579E2ULL, 0x9D1D60E5076F5B6FULL, 0x3810E399B6F65BA2ULL,
 129     0x32095B6D4AB5F9B1ULL, 0x35CAB62109DD038AULL, 0xA90B24499FCFAFB1ULL,
 130     0x77A225A07CC2C6BDULL, 0x513E5E634C70E331ULL, 0x4361C0CA3F692F12ULL,
 131     0xD941ACA44B20A45BULL, 0x528F7C8602C5807BULL, 0x52AB92BEB9613989ULL,
 132     0x9D1DFA2EFC557F73ULL, 0x722FF175F572C348ULL, 0x1D1260A51107FE97ULL,
 133     0x7A249A57EC0C9BA2ULL, 0x04208FE9E8F7F2D6ULL, 0x5A110C6058B920A0ULL,
 134     0x0CD9A497658A5698ULL, 0x56FD23C8F9715A4CULL, 0x284C847B9D887AAEULL,
 135     0x04FEABFBBDB619CBULL, 0x742E1E651C60BA83ULL, 0x9A9632E65904AD3CULL,
 136     0x881B82A13B51B9E2ULL, 0x506E6744CD974924ULL, 0xB0183DB56FFC6A79ULL,
 137     0x0ED9B915C66ED37EULL, 0x5E11E86D5873D484ULL, 0xF678647E3519AC6EULL,
 138     0x1B85D488D0F20CC5ULL, 0xDAB9FE6525D89021ULL, 0x0D151D86ADB73615ULL,
 139     0xA865A54EDCC0F019ULL, 0x93C42566AEF98FFBULL, 0x99E7AFEABE000731ULL,
 140     0x48CBFF086DDF285AULL, 0x7F9B6AF1EBF78BAFULL, 0x58627E1A149BBA21ULL,
 141     0x2CD16E2ABD791E33ULL, 0xD363EFF5F0977996ULL, 0x0CE2A38C344A6EEDULL,
 142     0x1A804AADB9CFA741ULL, 0x907F30421D78C5DEULL, 0x501F65EDB3034D07ULL,
 143     0x37624AE5A48FA6E9ULL, 0x957BAF61700CFF4EULL, 0x3A6C27934E31188AULL,
 144     0xD49503536ABCA345ULL, 0x088E049589C432E0ULL, 0xF943AEE7FEBF21B8ULL,
 145     0x6C3B8E3E336139D3ULL, 0x364F6FFA464EE52EULL, 0xD60F6DCEDC314222ULL,
 146     0x56963B0DCA418FC0ULL, 0x16F50EDF91E513AFULL, 0xEF1955914B609F93ULL,
 147     0x565601C0364E3228ULL, 0xECB53939887E8175ULL, 0xBAC7A9A18531294BULL,
 148     0xB344C470397BBA52ULL, 0x65D34954DAF3CEBDULL, 0xB4B81B3FA97511E2ULL,
 149     0xB422061193D6F6A7ULL, 0x071582401C38434DULL, 0x7A13F18BBEDC4FF5ULL,
 150     0xBC4097B116C524D2ULL, 0x59B97885E2F2EA28ULL, 0x99170A5DC3115544ULL,
 151     0x6F423357E7C6A9F9ULL, 0x325928EE6E6F8794ULL, 0xD0E4366228B03343ULL,
 152     0x565C31F7DE89EA27ULL, 0x30F5611484119414ULL, 0xD873DB391292ED4FULL,
 153     0x7BD94E1D8E17DEBCULL, 0xC7D9F16864A76E94ULL, 0x947AE053EE56E63CULL,
 154     0xC8C93882F9475F5FULL, 0x3A9BF55BA91F81CAULL, 0xD9A11FBB3D9808E4ULL,
 155     0x0FD22063EDC29FCAULL, 0xB3F256D8ACA0B0B9ULL, 0xB03031A8B4516E84ULL,
 156     0x35DD37D5871448AFULL, 0xE9F6082B05542E4EULL, 0xEBFAFA33D7254B59ULL,
 157     0x9255ABB50D532280ULL, 0xB9AB4CE57F2D34F3ULL, 0x693501D628297551ULL,
 158     0xC62C58F97DD949BFULL, 0xCD454F8F19C5126AULL, 0xBBE83F4ECC2BDECBULL,
 159     0xDC842B7E2819E230ULL, 0xBA89142E007503B8ULL, 0xA3BC941D0A5061CBULL,
 160     0xE9F6760E32CD8021ULL, 0x09C7E552BC76492FULL, 0x852F54934DA55CC9ULL,
 161     0x8107FCCF064FCF56ULL, 0x098954D51FFF6580ULL, 0x23B70EDB1955C4BFULL,
 162     0xC330DE426430F69DULL, 0x4715ED43E8A45C0AULL, 0xA8D7E4DAB780A08DULL,
 163     0x0572B974F03CE0BBULL, 0xB57D2E985E1419C7ULL, 0xE8D9ECBE2CF3D73FULL,
 164     0x2FE4B17170E59750ULL, 0x11317BA87905E790ULL, 0x7FBF21EC8A1F45ECULL,
 165     0x1725CABFCB045B00ULL, 0x964E915CD5E2B207ULL, 0x3E2B8BCBF016D66DULL,
 166     0xBE7444E39328A0ACULL, 0xF85B2B4FBCDE44B7ULL, 0x49353FEA39BA63B1ULL,
 167     0x1DD01AAFCD53486AULL, 0x1FCA8A92FD719F85ULL, 0xFC7C95D827357AFAULL,
 168     0x18A6A990C8B35EBDULL, 0xCCCB7005C6B9C28DULL, 0x3BDBB92C43B17F26ULL,
 169     0xAA70B5B4F89695A2ULL, 0xE94C39A54A98307FULL, 0xB7A0B174CFF6F36EULL,
 170     0xD4DBA84729AF48ADULL, 0x2E18BC1AD9704A68ULL, 0x2DE0966DAF2F8B1CULL,
 171     0xB9C11D5B1E43A07EULL, 0x64972D68DEE33360ULL, 0x94628D38D0C20584ULL,
 172     0xDBC0D2B6AB90A559ULL, 0xD2733C4335C6A72FULL, 0x7E75D99D94A70F4DULL,
 173     0x6CED1983376FA72BULL, 0x97FCAACBF030BC24ULL, 0x7B77497B32503B12ULL,
 174     0x8547EDDFB81CCB94ULL, 0x79999CDFF70902CBULL, 0xCFFE1939438E9B24ULL,
 175     0x829626E3892D95D7ULL, 0x92FAE24291F2B3F1ULL, 0x63E22C147B9C3403ULL,
 176     0xC678B6D860284A1CULL, 0x5873888850659AE7ULL, 0x0981DCD296A8736DULL,
 177     0x9F65789A6509A440ULL, 0x9FF38FED72E9052FULL, 0xE479EE5B9930578CULL,
 178     0xE7F28ECD2D49EECDULL, 0x56C074A581EA17FEULL, 0x5544F7D774B14AEFULL,
 179     0x7B3F0195FC6F290FULL, 0x12153635B2C0CF57ULL, 0x7F5126DBBA5E0CA7ULL,
 180     0x7A76956C3EAFB413ULL, 0x3D5774A11D31AB39ULL, 0x8A1B083821F40CB4ULL,
 181     0x7B4A38E32537DF62ULL, 0x950113646D1D6E03ULL, 0x4DA8979A0041E8A9ULL,
 182     0x3BC36E078F7515D7ULL, 0x5D0A12F27AD310D1ULL, 0x7F9D1A2E1EBE1327ULL,
 183     0xDA3A361B1C5157B1ULL, 0xDCDD7D20903D0C25ULL, 0x36833336D068F707ULL,
 184     0xCE68341F79893389ULL, 0xAB9090168DD05F34ULL, 0x43954B3252DC25E5ULL,
 185     0xB438C2B67F98E5E9ULL, 0x10DCD78E3851A492ULL, 0xDBC27AB5447822BFULL,
 186     0x9B3CDB65F82CA382ULL, 0xB67B7896167B4C84ULL, 0xBFCED1B0048EAC50ULL,
 187     0xA9119B60369FFEBDULL, 0x1FFF7AC80904BF45ULL, 0xAC12FB171817EEE7ULL,
 188     0xAF08DA9177DDA93DULL, 0x1B0CAB936E65C744ULL, 0xB559EB1D04E5E932ULL,
 189     0xC37B45B3F8D6F2BAULL, 0xC3A9DC228CAAC9E9ULL, 0xF3B8B6675A6507FFULL,
 190     0x9FC477DE4ED681DAULL, 0x67378D8ECCEF96CBULL, 0x6DD856D94D259236ULL,
 191     0xA319CE15B0B4DB31ULL, 0x073973751F12DD5EULL, 0x8A8E849EB32781A5ULL,
 192     0xE1925C71285279F5ULL, 0x74C04BF1790C0EFEULL, 0x4DDA48153C94938AULL,
 193     0x9D266D6A1CC0542CULL, 0x7440FB816508C4FEULL, 0x13328503DF48229FULL,
 194     0xD6BF7BAEE43CAC40ULL, 0x4838D65F6EF6748FULL, 0x1E152328F3318DEAULL,
 195     0x8F8419A348F296BFULL, 0x72C8834A5957B511ULL, 0xD7A023A73260B45CULL,
 196     0x94EBC8ABCFB56DAEULL, 0x9FC10D0F989993E0ULL, 0xDE68A2355B93CAE6ULL,
 197     0xA44CFE79AE538BBEULL, 0x9D1D84FCCE371425ULL, 0x51D2B1AB2DDFB636ULL,
 198     0x2FD7E4B9E72CD38CULL, 0x65CA5B96B7552210ULL, 0xDD69A0D8AB3B546DULL,
 199     0x604D51B25FBF70E2ULL, 0x73AA8A564FB7AC9EULL, 0x1A8C1E992B941148ULL,
 200     0xAAC40A2703D9BEA0ULL, 0x764DBEAE7FA4F3A6ULL, 0x1E99B96E70A9BE8BULL,
 201     0x2C5E9DEB57EF4743ULL, 0x3A938FEE32D29981ULL, 0x26E6DB8FFDF5ADFEULL,
 202     0x469356C504EC9F9DULL, 0xC8763C5B08D1908CULL, 0x3F6C6AF859D80055ULL,
 203     0x7F7CC39420A3A545ULL, 0x9BFB227EBDF4C5CEULL, 0x89039D79D6FC5C5CULL,
 204     0x8FE88B57305E2AB6ULL, 0xA09E8C8C35AB96DEULL, 0xFA7E393983325753ULL,
 205     0xD6B6D0ECC617C699ULL, 0xDFEA21EA9E7557E3ULL, 0xB67C1FA481680AF8ULL,
 206     0xCA1E3785A9E724E5ULL, 0x1CFC8BED0D681639ULL, 0xD18D8549D140CAEAULL,
 207     0x4ED0FE7E9DC91335ULL, 0xE4DBF0634473F5D2ULL, 0x1761F93A44D5AEFEULL,
 208     0x53898E4C3910DA55ULL, 0x734DE8181F6EC39AULL, 0x2680B122BAA28D97ULL,
 209     0x298AF231C85BAFABULL, 0x7983EED3740847D5ULL, 0x66C1A2A1A60CD889ULL,
 210     0x9E17E49642A3E4C1ULL, 0xEDB454E7BADC0805ULL, 0x50B704CAB602C329ULL,
 211     0x4CC317FB9CDDD023ULL, 0x66B4835D9EAFEA22ULL, 0x219B97E26FFC81BDULL,
 212     0x261E4E4C0A333A9DULL, 0x1FE2CCA76517DB90ULL, 0xD7504DFA8816EDBBULL,
 213     0xB9571FA04DC089C8ULL, 0x1DDC0325259B27DEULL, 0xCF3F4688801EB9AAULL,
 214     0xF4F5D05C10CAB243ULL, 0x38B6525C21A42B0EULL, 0x36F60E2BA4FA6800ULL,
 215     0xEB3593803173E0CEULL, 0x9C4CD6257C5A3603ULL, 0xAF0C317D32ADAA8AULL,
 216     0x258E5A80C7204C4BULL, 0x8B889D624D44885DULL, 0xF4D14597E660F855ULL,
 217     0xD4347F66EC8941C3ULL, 0xE699ED85B0DFB40DULL, 0x2472F6207C2D0484ULL,
 218     0xC2A1E7B5B459AEB5ULL, 0xAB4F6451CC1D45ECULL, 0x63767572AE3D6174ULL,
 219     0xA59E0BD101731A28ULL, 0x116D0016CB948F09ULL, 0x2CF9C8CA052F6E9FULL,
 220     0x0B090A7560A968E3ULL, 0xABEEDDB2DDE06FF1ULL, 0x58EFC10B06A2068DULL,
 221     0xC6E57A78FBD986E0ULL, 0x2EAB8CA63CE802D7ULL, 0x14A195640116F336ULL,
 222     0x7C0828DD624EC390ULL, 0xD74BBE77E6116AC7ULL, 0x804456AF10F5FB53ULL,
 223     0xEBE9EA2ADF4321C7ULL, 0x03219A39EE587A30ULL, 0x49787FEF17AF9924ULL,
 224     0xA1E9300CD8520548ULL, 0x5B45E522E4B1B4EFULL, 0xB49C3B3995091A36ULL,
 225     0xD4490AD526F14431ULL, 0x12A8F216AF9418C2ULL, 0x001F837CC7350524ULL,
 226     0x1877B51E57A764D5ULL, 0xA2853B80F17F58EEULL, 0x993E1DE72D36D310ULL,
 227     0xB3598080CE64A656ULL, 0x252F59CF0D9F04BBULL, 0xD23C8E176D113600ULL,
 228     0x1BDA0492E7E4586EULL, 0x21E0BD5026C619BFULL, 0x3B097ADAF088F94EULL,
 229     0x8D14DEDB30BE846EULL, 0xF95CFFA23AF5F6F4ULL, 0x3871700761B3F743ULL,
 230     0xCA672B91E9E4FA16ULL, 0x64C8E531BFF53B55ULL, 0x241260ED4AD1E87DULL,
 231     0x106C09B972D2E822ULL, 0x7FBA195410E5CA30ULL, 0x7884D9BC6CB569D8ULL,
 232     0x0647DFEDCD894A29ULL, 0x63573FF03E224774ULL, 0x4FC8E9560F91B123ULL,
 233     0x1DB956E450275779ULL, 0xB8D91274B9E9D4FBULL, 0xA2EBEE47E2FBFCE1ULL,
 234     0xD9F1F30CCD97FB09ULL, 0xEFED53D75FD64E6BULL, 0x2E6D02C36017F67FULL,
 235     0xA9AA4D20DB084E9BULL, 0xB64BE8D8B25396C1ULL, 0x70CB6AF7C2D5BCF0ULL,
 236     0x98F076A4F7A2322EULL, 0xBF84470805E69B5FULL, 0x94C3251F06F90CF3ULL,
 237     0x3E003E616A6591E9ULL, 0xB925A6CD0421AFF3ULL, 0x61BDD1307C66E300ULL,
 238     0xBF8D5108E27E0D48ULL, 0x240AB57A8B888B20ULL, 0xFC87614BAF287E07ULL,
 239     0xEF02CDD06FFDB432ULL, 0xA1082C0466DF6C0AULL, 0x8215E577001332C8ULL,
 240     0xD39BB9C3A48DB6CFULL, 0x2738259634305C14ULL, 0x61CF4F94C97DF93DULL,
 241     0x1B6BACA2AE4E125BULL, 0x758F450C88572E0BULL, 0x959F587D507A8359ULL,
 242     0xB063E962E045F54DULL, 0x60E8ED72C0DFF5D1ULL, 0x7B64978555326F9FULL,
 243     0xFD080D236DA814BAULL, 0x8C90FD9B083F4558ULL, 0x106F72FE81E2C590ULL,
 244     0x7976033A39F7D952ULL, 0xA4EC0132764CA04BULL, 0x733EA705FAE4FA77ULL,
 245     0xB4D8F77BC3E56167ULL, 0x9E21F4F903B33FD9ULL, 0x9D765E419FB69F6DULL,
 246     0xD30C088BA61EA5EFULL, 0x5D94337FBFAF7F5BULL, 0x1A4E4822EB4D7A59ULL,
 247     0x6FFE73E81B637FB3ULL, 0xDDF957BC36D8B9CAULL, 0x64D0E29EEA8838B3ULL,
 248     0x08DD9BDFD96B9F63ULL, 0x087E79E5A57D1D13ULL, 0xE328E230E3E2B3FBULL,
 249     0x1C2559E30F0946BEULL, 0x720BF5F26F4D2EAAULL, 0xB0774D261CC609DBULL,
 250     0x443F64EC5A371195ULL, 0x4112CF68649A260EULL, 0xD813F2FAB7F5C5CAULL,
 251     0x660D3257380841EEULL, 0x59AC2C7873F910A3ULL, 0xE846963877671A17ULL,
 252     0x93B633ABFA3469F8ULL, 0xC0C0F5A60EF4CDCFULL, 0xCAF21ECD4377B28CULL,
 253     0x57277707199B8175ULL, 0x506C11B9D90E8B1DULL, 0xD83CC2687A19255FULL,
 254     0x4A29C6465A314CD1ULL, 0xED2DF21216235097ULL, 0xB5635C95FF7296E2ULL,
 255     0x22AF003AB672E811ULL, 0x52E762596BF68235ULL, 0x9AEBA33AC6ECC6B0ULL,
 256     0x944F6DE09134DFB6ULL, 0x6C47BEC883A7DE39ULL, 0x6AD047C430A12104ULL,
 257     0xA5B1CFDBA0AB4067ULL, 0x7C45D833AFF07862ULL, 0x5092EF950A16DA0BULL,
 258     0x9338E69C052B8E7BULL, 0x455A4B4CFE30E3F5ULL, 0x6B02E63195AD0CF8ULL,
 259     0x6B17B224BAD6BF27ULL, 0xD1E0CCD25BB9C169ULL, 0xDE0C89A556B9AE70ULL,
 260     0x50065E535A213CF6ULL, 0x9C1169FA2777B874ULL, 0x78EDEFD694AF1EEDULL,
 261     0x6DC93D9526A50E68ULL, 0xEE97F453F06791EDULL, 0x32AB0EDB696703D3ULL,
 262     0x3A6853C7E70757A7ULL, 0x31865CED6120F37DULL, 0x67FEF95D92607890ULL,
 263     0x1F2B1D1F15F6DC9CULL, 0xB69E38A8965C6B65ULL, 0xAA9119FF184CCCF4ULL,
 264     0xF43C732873F24C13ULL, 0xFB4A3D794A9A80D2ULL, 0x3550C2321FD6109CULL,
 265     0x371F77E76BB8417EULL, 0x6BFA9AAE5EC05779ULL, 0xCD04F3FF001A4778ULL,
 266     0xE3273522064480CAULL, 0x9F91508BFFCFC14AULL, 0x049A7F41061A9E60ULL,
 267     0xFCB6BE43A9F2FE9BULL, 0x08DE8A1C7797DA9BULL, 0x8F9887E6078735A1ULL,
 268     0xB5B4071DBFC73A66ULL, 0x230E343DFBA08D33ULL, 0x43ED7F5A0FAE657DULL,
 269     0x3A88A0FBBCB05C63ULL, 0x21874B8B4D2DBC4FULL, 0x1BDEA12E35F6A8C9ULL,
 270     0x53C065C6C8E63528ULL, 0xE34A1D250E7A8D6BULL, 0xD6B04D3B7651DD7EULL,
 271     0x5E90277E7CB39E2DULL, 0x2C046F22062DC67DULL, 0xB10BB459132D0A26ULL,
 272     0x3FA9DDFB67E2F199ULL, 0x0E09B88E1914F7AFULL, 0x10E8B35AF3EEAB37ULL,
 273     0x9EEDECA8E272B933ULL, 0xD4C718BC4AE8AE5FULL, 0x81536D601170FC20ULL,
 274     0x91B534F885818A06ULL, 0xEC8177F83F900978ULL, 0x190E714FADA5156EULL,
 275     0xB592BF39B0364963ULL, 0x89C350C893AE7DC1ULL, 0xAC042E70F8B383F2ULL,
 276     0xB49B52E587A1EE60ULL, 0xFB152FE3FF26DA89ULL, 0x3E666E6F69AE2C15ULL,
 277     0x3B544EBE544C19F9ULL, 0xE805A1E290CF2456ULL, 0x24B33C9D7ED25117ULL,
 278     0xE74733427B72F0C1ULL, 0x0A804D18B7097475ULL, 0x57E3306D881EDB4FULL,
 279     0x4AE7D6A36EB5DBCBULL, 0x2D8D5432157064C8ULL, 0xD1E649DE1E7F268BULL,
 280     0x8A328A1CEDFE552CULL, 0x07A3AEC79624C7DAULL, 0x84547DDC3E203C94ULL,
 281     0x990A98FD5071D263ULL, 0x1A4FF12616EEFC89ULL, 0xF6F7FD1431714200ULL,
 282     0x30C05B1BA332F41CULL, 0x8D2636B81555A786ULL, 0x46C9FEB55D120902ULL,
 283     0xCCEC0A73B49C9921ULL, 0x4E9D2827355FC492ULL, 0x19EBB029435DCB0FULL,
 284     0x4659D2B743848A2CULL, 0x963EF2C96B33BE31ULL, 0x74F85198B05A2E7DULL,
 285     0x5A0F544DD2B1FB18ULL, 0x03727073C2E134B1ULL, 0xC7F6AA2DE59AEA61ULL,
 286     0x352787BAA0D7C22FULL, 0x9853EAB63B5E0B35ULL, 0xABBDCDD7ED5C0860ULL,
 287     0xCF05DAF5AC8D77B0ULL, 0x49CAD48CEBF4A71EULL, 0x7A4C10EC2158C4A6ULL,
 288     0xD9E92AA246BF719EULL, 0x13AE978D09FE5557ULL, 0x730499AF921549FFULL,
 289     0x4E4B705B92903BA4ULL, 0xFF577222C14F0A3AULL, 0x55B6344CF97AAFAEULL,
 290     0xB862225B055B6960ULL, 0xCAC09AFBDDD2CDB4ULL, 0xDAF8E9829FE96B5FULL,
 291     0xB5FDFC5D3132C498ULL, 0x310CB380DB6F7503ULL, 0xE87FBB46217A360EULL,
 292     0x2102AE466EBB1148ULL, 0xF8549E1A3AA5E00DULL, 0x07A69AFDCC42261AULL,
 293     0xC4C118BFE78FEAAEULL, 0xF9F4892ED96BD438ULL, 0x1AF3DBE25D8F45DAULL,
 294     0xF5B4B0B0D2DEEEB4ULL, 0x962ACEEFA82E1C84ULL, 0x046E3ECAAF453CE9ULL,
 295     0xF05D129681949A4CULL, 0x964781CE734B3C84ULL, 0x9C2ED44081CE5FBDULL,
 296     0x522E23F3925E319EULL, 0x177E00F9FC32F791ULL, 0x2BC60A63A6F3B3F2ULL,
 297     0x222BBFAE61725606ULL, 0x486289DDCC3D6780ULL, 0x7DC7785B8EFDFC80ULL,
 298     0x8AF38731C02BA980ULL, 0x1FAB64EA29A2DDF7ULL, 0xE4D9429322CD065AULL,
 299     0x9DA058C67844F20CULL, 0x24C0E332B70019B0ULL, 0x233003B5A6CFE6ADULL,
 300     0xD586BD01C5C217F6ULL, 0x5E5637885F29BC2BULL, 0x7EBA726D8C94094BULL,
 301     0x0A56A5F0BFE39272ULL, 0xD79476A84EE20D06ULL, 0x9E4C1269BAA4BF37ULL,
 302     0x17EFEE45B0DEE640ULL, 0x1D95B0A5FCF90BC6ULL, 0x93CBE0B699C2585DULL,
 303     0x65FA4F227A2B6D79ULL, 0xD5F9E858292504D5ULL, 0xC2B5A03F71471A6FULL,
 304     0x59300222B4561E00ULL, 0xCE2F8642CA0712DCULL, 0x7CA9723FBB2E8988ULL,
 305     0x2785338347F2BA08ULL, 0xC61BB3A141E50E8CULL, 0x150F361DAB9DEC26ULL,
 306     0x9F6A419D382595F4ULL, 0x64A53DC924FE7AC9ULL, 0x142DE49FFF7A7C3DULL,
 307     0x0C335248857FA9E7ULL, 0x0A9C32D5EAE45305ULL, 0xE6C42178C4BBB92EULL,
 308     0x71F1CE2490D20B07ULL, 0xF1BCC3D275AFE51AULL, 0xE728E8C83C334074ULL,
 309     0x96FBF83A12884624ULL, 0x81A1549FD6573DA5ULL, 0x5FA7867CAF35E149ULL,
 310     0x56986E2EF3ED091BULL, 0x917F1DD5F8886C61ULL, 0xD20D8C88C8FFE65FULL,
 311     0x31D71DCE64B2C310ULL, 0xF165B587DF898190ULL, 0xA57E6339DD2CF3A0ULL,
 312     0x1EF6E6DBB1961EC9ULL, 0x70CC73D90BC26E24ULL, 0xE21A6B35DF0C3AD7ULL,
 313     0x003A93D8B2806962ULL, 0x1C99DED33CB890A1ULL, 0xCF3145DE0ADD4289ULL,
 314     0xD0E4427A5514FB72ULL, 0x77C621CC9FB3A483ULL, 0x67A34DAC4356550BULL,
 315     0xF8D626AAAF278509ULL
 316   };
 317
 318
 319   /// Indices to the Random64[] array
 320
 321   const int RandomPiece = 0;
 322   const int RandomCastle = 768;
 323   const int RandomEnPassant = 772;
 324   const int RandomTurn = 780;
 325
 326
 327   /// Convert pieces to the range 0..1
 328
 329   const int PieceTo12[] = {
 330     0, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 0, 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
 331   };
 332
 333
 334   /// Prototypes
 335
 336   uint64_t book_key(const Position &pos);
 337   uint64_t book_piece_key(Piece p, Square s);
 338   uint64_t book_castle_key(const Position &pos);
 339   uint64_t book_ep_key(const Position &pos);
 340   uint64_t book_color_key(const Position &pos);
 341
 342   uint16_t read_integer16(std::ifstream& file);
 343   uint64_t read_integer64(std::ifstream& file);
 344   uint64_t read_integer(std::ifstream& file, int size);
 345 }
 346
 347
 348 ////
 349 //// Functions
 350 ////
 351
 352
 353 /// Constructor
 354
 355 Book::Book() : bookSize(0) {}
 356
 357
 358 /// Book::open() opens a book file with a given file name.
 359
 360 void Book::open(const std::string &fName) {
 361
 362   fileName = fName;
 363   bookFile.open(fileName.c_str(), std::ifstream::in | std::ifstream::binary);
 364   if (!bookFile.is_open())
 365       return;
 366
 367   bookFile.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
 368   bookSize = bookFile.tellg() / 16;
 369   bookFile.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
 370
 371   if (!bookFile.good())
 372   {
 373       std::cerr << "Failed to open book file " << fileName << std::endl;
 374       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 375   }
 376 }
 377
 378
 379 /// Book::close() closes the currently open book file.
 380
 381 void Book::close() {
 382
 383   if (bookFile.is_open())
 384       bookFile.close();
 385 }
 386
 387
 388 /// Book::is_open() tests whether a book file has been opened.
 389
 390 bool Book::is_open() const {
 391
 392   return bookFile.is_open() && bookSize != 0;
 393 }
 394
 395
 396 /// Book::file_name() returns the file name of the currently active book,
 397 /// or the empty string if no book is open.
 398
 399 const std::string Book::file_name() const {
 400
 401   return bookFile.is_open() ? fileName : "";
 402 }
 403
 404
 405 /// Book::get_move() gets a book move for a given position.  Returns
 406 /// MOVE_NONE if no book move is found.
 407
 408 Move Book::get_move(const Position &pos) const {
 409   if(this->is_open()) {
 410     int bestMove = 0, bestScore = 0, move, score;
 411     uint64_t key = book_key(pos);
 412     BookEntry entry;
 413
 414     for(int i = this->find_key(key); i < bookSize; i++) {
 415       this->read_entry(entry, i);
 416       if(entry.key != key)
 417         break;
 418       move = entry.move;
 419       score = entry.count;
 420       assert(score > 0);
 421
 422       bestScore += score;
 423       if(int(genrand_int32() % bestScore) < score)
 424         bestMove = move;
 425     }
 426
 427     if(bestMove != 0) {
 428       MoveStack moves[256];
 429       int n, j;
 430       n = generate_legal_moves(pos, moves);
 431       for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
 432         if((int(moves[j].move) & 07777) == bestMove)
 433           return moves[j].move;
 434     }
 435   }
 436   return MOVE_NONE;
 437 }
 438
 439
 440 /// Book::find_key() takes a book key as input, and does a binary search
 441 /// through the book file for the given key.  The index to the first book
 442 /// entry with the same key as the input is returned.  When the key is not
 443 /// found in the book file, bookSize is returned.
 444
 445 int Book::find_key(uint64_t key) const {
 446   int left, right, mid;
 447   BookEntry entry;
 448
 449   // Binary search (finds the leftmost entry)
 450   left = 0;
 451   right = bookSize - 1;
 452
 453   assert(left <= right);
 454
 455   while(left < right) {
 456     mid = (left + right) / 2;
 457     assert(mid >= left && mid < right);
 458
 459     this->read_entry(entry, mid);
 460
 461     if(key <= entry.key)
 462       right = mid;
 463     else
 464       left = mid + 1;
 465   }
 466
 467   assert(left == right);
 468
 469   this->read_entry(entry, left);
 470
 471   return (entry.key == key)? left : bookSize;
 472 }
 473
 474
 475 /// Book::read_entry() takes a BookEntry reference and an integer index as
 476 /// input, and looks up the opening book entry at the given index in the book
 477 /// file.  The book entry is copied to the first input parameter.
 478
 479 void Book::read_entry(BookEntry& entry, int n) const {
 480
 481   assert(n >= 0 && n < bookSize);
 482   assert(bookFile.is_open());
 483
 484   bookFile.seekg(n*16, std::ios_base::beg);
 485   if (!bookFile.good())
 486   {
 487     std::cerr << "Failed to read book entry at index " << n << std::endl;
 488     exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 489   }
 490   entry.key = read_integer64(bookFile);
 491   entry.move = read_integer16(bookFile);
 492   entry.count = read_integer16(bookFile);
 493   entry.n = read_integer16(bookFile);
 494   entry.sum = read_integer16(bookFile);
 495 }
 496
 497
 498 ////
 499 //// Local definitions
 500 ////
 501
 502 namespace {
 503
 504   uint64_t book_key(const Position &pos) {
 505     uint64_t result = 0ULL;
 506
 507     for(Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) {
 508       Bitboard b = pos.pieces_of_color(c);
 509       Square s;
 510       Piece p;
 511       while(b != EmptyBoardBB) {
 512         s = pop_1st_bit(&b);
 513         p = pos.piece_on(s);
 514         assert(piece_is_ok(p));
 515         assert(color_of_piece(p) == c);
 516
 517         result ^= book_piece_key(p, s);
 518       }
 519     }
 520
 521     result ^= book_castle_key(pos);
 522     result ^= book_ep_key(pos);
 523     result ^= book_color_key(pos);
 524
 525     return result;
 526   }
 527
 528
 529   uint64_t book_piece_key(Piece p, Square s) {
 530     return Random64[RandomPiece + (PieceTo12[int(p)]^1)*64 + int(s)];
 531   }
 532
 533
 534   uint64_t book_castle_key(const Position &pos) {
 535     uint64_t result = 0ULL;
 536
 537     if(pos.can_castle_kingside(WHITE))
 538       result ^= Random64[RandomCastle+0];
 539     if(pos.can_castle_queenside(WHITE))
 540       result ^= Random64[RandomCastle+1];
 541     if(pos.can_castle_kingside(BLACK))
 542       result ^= Random64[RandomCastle+2];
 543     if(pos.can_castle_queenside(BLACK))
 544       result ^= Random64[RandomCastle+3];
 545     return result;
 546   }
 547
 548
 549   uint64_t book_ep_key(const Position &pos) {
 550     return (pos.ep_square() == SQ_NONE)?
 551       0ULL : Random64[RandomEnPassant + square_file(pos.ep_square())];
 552   }
 553
 554
 555   uint64_t book_color_key(const Position &pos) {
 556     return (pos.side_to_move() == WHITE)? Random64[RandomTurn] : 0ULL;
 557   }
 558
 559
 560   uint16_t read_integer16(std::ifstream& file) {
 561
 562     uint64_t n = read_integer(file, 2);
 563     assert(n == (uint16_t)n);
 564     return (uint16_t)n;
 565   }
 566
 567
 568   uint64_t read_integer64(std::ifstream& file) {
 569
 570     return read_integer(file, 8);
 571   }
 572
 573
 574   uint64_t read_integer(std::ifstream& file, int size) {
 575
 576     char buf[8];
 577     file.read(buf, size);
 578
 579     if (!file.good())
 580     {
 581         std::cerr << "Failed to read " << size << " bytes from book file"
 582                   << std::endl;
 583         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 584     }
 585     // Numbers are stored in little endian format
 586     uint64_t n = 0ULL;
 587     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
 588         n = (n << 8) + (unsigned char)buf[i];
 589
 590     return n;
 591   }
 592 }