2 Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
3 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
4 Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
6 Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 #include <algorithm> // For std::count
28 using namespace Search;
30 ThreadPool Threads; // Global object
32 extern void check_time();
36 // Helpers to launch a thread after creation and joining before delete. Must be
37 // outside Thread c'tor and d'tor because the object must be fully initialized
38 // when start_routine (and hence virtual idle_loop) is called and when joining.
40 template<typename T> T* new_thread() {
42 th->nativeThread = std::thread(&ThreadBase::idle_loop, th); // Will go to sleep
46 void delete_thread(ThreadBase* th) {
49 th->exit = true; // Search must be already finished
53 th->nativeThread.join(); // Wait for thread termination
60 // ThreadBase::notify_one() wakes up the thread when there is some work to do
62 void ThreadBase::notify_one() {
64 std::unique_lock<Mutex>(this->mutex);
65 sleepCondition.notify_one();
69 // ThreadBase::wait_for() set the thread to sleep until 'condition' turns true
71 void ThreadBase::wait_for(volatile const bool& condition) {
73 std::unique_lock<Mutex> lk(mutex);
74 sleepCondition.wait(lk, [&]{ return condition; });
78 // Thread c'tor makes some init but does not launch any execution thread that
79 // will be started only when c'tor returns.
81 Thread::Thread() /* : splitPoints() */ { // Initialization of non POD broken in MSVC
86 activeSplitPoint = nullptr;
87 activePosition = nullptr;
88 idx = Threads.size(); // Starts from 0
92 // Thread::cutoff_occurred() checks whether a beta cutoff has occurred in the
93 // current active split point, or in some ancestor of the split point.
95 bool Thread::cutoff_occurred() const {
97 for (SplitPoint* sp = activeSplitPoint; sp; sp = sp->parentSplitPoint)
105 // Thread::can_join() checks whether the thread is available to join the split
106 // point 'sp'. An obvious requirement is that thread must be idle. With more than
107 // two threads, this is not sufficient: If the thread is the master of some split
108 // point, it is only available as a slave for the split points below his active
109 // one (the "helpful master" concept in YBWC terminology).
111 bool Thread::can_join(const SplitPoint* sp) const {
116 // Make a local copy to be sure it doesn't become zero under our feet while
117 // testing next condition and so leading to an out of bounds access.
118 const size_t size = splitPointsSize;
120 // No split points means that the thread is available as a slave for any
121 // other thread otherwise apply the "helpful master" concept if possible.
122 return !size || splitPoints[size - 1].slavesMask.test(sp->master->idx);
126 // Thread::split() does the actual work of distributing the work at a node between
127 // several available threads. If it does not succeed in splitting the node
128 // (because no idle threads are available), the function immediately returns.
129 // If splitting is possible, a SplitPoint object is initialized with all the
130 // data that must be copied to the helper threads and then helper threads are
131 // informed that they have been assigned work. This will cause them to instantly
132 // leave their idle loops and call search(). When all threads have returned from
133 // search() then split() returns.
135 void Thread::split(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Value* bestValue,
136 Move* bestMove, Depth depth, int moveCount,
137 MovePicker* movePicker, int nodeType, bool cutNode) {
140 assert(-VALUE_INFINITE < *bestValue && *bestValue <= alpha && alpha < beta && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
141 assert(depth >= Threads.minimumSplitDepth);
142 assert(splitPointsSize < MAX_SPLITPOINTS_PER_THREAD);
144 // Pick and init the next available split point
145 SplitPoint& sp = splitPoints[splitPointsSize];
148 sp.parentSplitPoint = activeSplitPoint;
149 sp.slavesMask = 0, sp.slavesMask.set(idx);
151 sp.bestValue = *bestValue;
152 sp.bestMove = *bestMove;
155 sp.nodeType = nodeType;
156 sp.cutNode = cutNode;
157 sp.movePicker = movePicker;
158 sp.moveCount = moveCount;
164 // Try to allocate available threads and ask them to start searching setting
165 // 'searching' flag. This must be done under lock protection to avoid concurrent
166 // allocation of the same slave by another master.
167 Threads.spinlock.acquire();
168 sp.spinlock.acquire();
170 sp.allSlavesSearching = true; // Must be set under lock protection
172 activeSplitPoint = &sp;
173 activePosition = nullptr;
177 while ( sp.slavesMask.count() < MAX_SLAVES_PER_SPLITPOINT
178 && (slave = Threads.available_slave(activeSplitPoint)) != nullptr)
180 sp.slavesMask.set(slave->idx);
181 slave->activeSplitPoint = activeSplitPoint;
182 slave->searching = true; // Slave leaves idle_loop()
183 slave->notify_one(); // Could be sleeping
186 // Everything is set up. The master thread enters the idle loop, from which
187 // it will instantly launch a search, because its 'searching' flag is set.
188 // The thread will return from the idle loop when all slaves have finished
189 // their work at this split point.
190 sp.spinlock.release();
191 Threads.spinlock.release();
193 Thread::idle_loop(); // Force a call to base class idle_loop()
195 // In the helpful master concept, a master can help only a sub-tree of its
196 // split point and because everything is finished here, it's not possible
197 // for the master to be booked.
199 assert(!activePosition);
201 // We have returned from the idle loop, which means that all threads are
202 // finished. Note that setting 'searching' and decreasing splitPointsSize must
203 // be done under lock protection to avoid a race with Thread::available_to().
204 Threads.spinlock.acquire();
205 sp.spinlock.acquire();
209 activeSplitPoint = sp.parentSplitPoint;
210 activePosition = &pos;
211 pos.set_nodes_searched(pos.nodes_searched() + sp.nodes);
212 *bestMove = sp.bestMove;
213 *bestValue = sp.bestValue;
215 sp.spinlock.release();
216 Threads.spinlock.release();
220 // TimerThread::idle_loop() is where the timer thread waits Resolution milliseconds
221 // and then calls check_time(). When not searching, thread sleeps until it's woken up.
223 void TimerThread::idle_loop() {
227 std::unique_lock<Mutex> lk(mutex);
230 sleepCondition.wait_for(lk, std::chrono::milliseconds(run ? Resolution : INT_MAX));
240 // MainThread::idle_loop() is where the main thread is parked waiting to be started
241 // when there is a new search. The main thread will launch all the slave threads.
243 void MainThread::idle_loop() {
247 std::unique_lock<Mutex> lk(mutex);
251 while (!thinking && !exit)
253 Threads.sleepCondition.notify_one(); // Wake up the UI thread if needed
254 sleepCondition.wait(lk);
273 // ThreadPool::init() is called at startup to create and launch requested threads,
274 // that will go immediately to sleep. We cannot use a c'tor because Threads is a
275 // static object and we need a fully initialized engine at this point due to
276 // allocation of Endgames in Thread c'tor.
278 void ThreadPool::init() {
280 timer = new_thread<TimerThread>();
281 push_back(new_thread<MainThread>());
286 // ThreadPool::exit() terminates the threads before the program exits. Cannot be
287 // done in d'tor because threads must be terminated before freeing us.
289 void ThreadPool::exit() {
291 delete_thread(timer); // As first because check_time() accesses threads data
293 for (Thread* th : *this)
298 // ThreadPool::read_uci_options() updates internal threads parameters from the
299 // corresponding UCI options and creates/destroys threads to match the requested
300 // number. Thread objects are dynamically allocated to avoid creating all possible
301 // threads in advance (which include pawns and material tables), even if only a
302 // few are to be used.
304 void ThreadPool::read_uci_options() {
306 minimumSplitDepth = Options["Min Split Depth"] * ONE_PLY;
307 size_t requested = Options["Threads"];
309 assert(requested > 0);
311 // If zero (default) then set best minimum split depth automatically
312 if (!minimumSplitDepth)
313 minimumSplitDepth = requested < 8 ? 4 * ONE_PLY : 7 * ONE_PLY;
315 while (size() < requested)
316 push_back(new_thread<Thread>());
318 while (size() > requested)
320 delete_thread(back());
326 // ThreadPool::available_slave() tries to find an idle thread which is available
327 // to join SplitPoint 'sp'.
329 Thread* ThreadPool::available_slave(const SplitPoint* sp) const {
331 for (Thread* th : *this)
332 if (th->can_join(sp))
339 // ThreadPool::wait_for_think_finished() waits for main thread to finish the search
341 void ThreadPool::wait_for_think_finished() {
343 std::unique_lock<Mutex> lk(main()->mutex);
344 sleepCondition.wait(lk, [&]{ return !main()->thinking; });
348 // ThreadPool::start_thinking() wakes up the main thread sleeping in
349 // MainThread::idle_loop() and starts a new search, then returns immediately.
351 void ThreadPool::start_thinking(const Position& pos, const LimitsType& limits,
352 StateStackPtr& states) {
353 wait_for_think_finished();
355 SearchTime = now(); // As early as possible
357 Signals.stopOnPonderhit = Signals.firstRootMove = false;
358 Signals.stop = Signals.failedLowAtRoot = false;
363 if (states.get()) // If we don't set a new position, preserve current state
365 SetupStates = std::move(states); // Ownership transfer here
366 assert(!states.get());
369 for (const auto& m : MoveList<LEGAL>(pos))
370 if ( limits.searchmoves.empty()
371 || std::count(limits.searchmoves.begin(), limits.searchmoves.end(), m))
372 RootMoves.push_back(RootMove(m));
374 main()->thinking = true;
375 main()->notify_one(); // Starts main thread