/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
- Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2015-2018 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
*/
#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <sstream>
#include "bitboard.h"
-#include "bitcount.h"
-#include "rkiss.h"
+#include "misc.h"
-CACHE_LINE_ALIGNMENT
-
-Bitboard RMasks[SQUARE_NB];
-Bitboard RMagics[SQUARE_NB];
-Bitboard* RAttacks[SQUARE_NB];
-unsigned RShifts[SQUARE_NB];
-
-Bitboard BMasks[SQUARE_NB];
-Bitboard BMagics[SQUARE_NB];
-Bitboard* BAttacks[SQUARE_NB];
-unsigned BShifts[SQUARE_NB];
+uint8_t PopCnt16[1 << 16];
+int SquareDistance[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB];
Bitboard SquareBB[SQUARE_NB];
Bitboard FileBB[FILE_NB];
Bitboard RankBB[RANK_NB];
Bitboard AdjacentFilesBB[FILE_NB];
-Bitboard InFrontBB[COLOR_NB][RANK_NB];
-Bitboard StepAttacksBB[PIECE_NB][SQUARE_NB];
+Bitboard ForwardRanksBB[COLOR_NB][RANK_NB];
Bitboard BetweenBB[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB];
Bitboard LineBB[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB];
-Bitboard DistanceRingsBB[SQUARE_NB][8];
-Bitboard ForwardBB[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB];
+Bitboard DistanceRingBB[SQUARE_NB][8];
+Bitboard ForwardFileBB[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB];
Bitboard PassedPawnMask[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB];
Bitboard PawnAttackSpan[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB];
Bitboard PseudoAttacks[PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB];
+Bitboard PawnAttacks[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB];
-int SquareDistance[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB];
+Magic RookMagics[SQUARE_NB];
+Magic BishopMagics[SQUARE_NB];
namespace {
- // De Bruijn sequences. See chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/BitScan
- const uint64_t DeBruijn_64 = 0x3F79D71B4CB0A89ULL;
- const uint32_t DeBruijn_32 = 0x783A9B23;
+ Bitboard RookTable[0x19000]; // To store rook attacks
+ Bitboard BishopTable[0x1480]; // To store bishop attacks
- CACHE_LINE_ALIGNMENT
+ void init_magics(Bitboard table[], Magic magics[], Direction directions[]);
- int MS1BTable[256];
- Square BSFTable[SQUARE_NB];
- Bitboard RTable[0x19000]; // Storage space for rook attacks
- Bitboard BTable[0x1480]; // Storage space for bishop attacks
+ // popcount16() counts the non-zero bits using SWAR-Popcount algorithm
- typedef unsigned (Fn)(Square, Bitboard);
-
- void init_magics(Bitboard table[], Bitboard* attacks[], Bitboard magics[],
- Bitboard masks[], unsigned shifts[], Square deltas[], Fn index);
-
- FORCE_INLINE unsigned bsf_index(Bitboard b) {
-
- // Matt Taylor's folding for 32 bit systems, extended to 64 bits by Kim Walisch
- b ^= (b - 1);
- return Is64Bit ? (b * DeBruijn_64) >> 58
- : ((unsigned(b) ^ unsigned(b >> 32)) * DeBruijn_32) >> 26;
+ unsigned popcount16(unsigned u) {
+ u -= (u >> 1) & 0x5555U;
+ u = ((u >> 2) & 0x3333U) + (u & 0x3333U);
+ u = ((u >> 4) + u) & 0x0F0FU;
+ return (u * 0x0101U) >> 8;
}
}
-/// lsb()/msb() finds the least/most significant bit in a non-zero bitboard.
-/// pop_lsb() finds and clears the least significant bit in a non-zero bitboard.
-
-#ifndef USE_BSFQ
-Square lsb(Bitboard b) { return BSFTable[bsf_index(b)]; }
-
-Square pop_lsb(Bitboard* b) {
-
- Bitboard bb = *b;
- *b = bb & (bb - 1);
- return BSFTable[bsf_index(bb)];
-}
-
-Square msb(Bitboard b) {
-
- unsigned b32;
- int result = 0;
-
- if (b > 0xFFFFFFFF)
- {
- b >>= 32;
- result = 32;
- }
-
- b32 = unsigned(b);
-
- if (b32 > 0xFFFF)
- {
- b32 >>= 16;
- result += 16;
- }
-
- if (b32 > 0xFF)
- {
- b32 >>= 8;
- result += 8;
- }
-
- return Square(result + MS1BTable[b32]);
-}
-
-#endif // ifndef USE_BSFQ
-
-
-/// Bitboards::pretty() returns an ASCII representation of a bitboard to be
-/// printed to standard output. This is sometimes useful for debugging.
+/// Bitboards::pretty() returns an ASCII representation of a bitboard suitable
+/// to be printed to standard output. Useful for debugging.
const std::string Bitboards::pretty(Bitboard b) {
- std::ostringstream ss;
+ std::string s = "+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+\n";
- for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; --rank)
+ for (Rank r = RANK_8; r >= RANK_1; --r)
{
- ss << "+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+" << '\n';
-
- for (File file = FILE_A; file <= FILE_H; ++file)
- ss << "| " << (b & (file | rank) ? "X " : " ");
+ for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f)
+ s += b & make_square(f, r) ? "| X " : "| ";
- ss << "|\n";
+ s += "|\n+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+\n";
}
- ss << "+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+";
- return ss.str();
+
+ return s;
}
void Bitboards::init() {
- for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s)
- BSFTable[bsf_index(SquareBB[s] = 1ULL << s)] = s;
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < (1 << 16); ++i)
+ PopCnt16[i] = (uint8_t) popcount16(i);
- for (Bitboard b = 1; b < 256; ++b)
- MS1BTable[b] = more_than_one(b) ? MS1BTable[b - 1] : lsb(b);
+ for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s)
+ SquareBB[s] = (1ULL << s);
for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f)
FileBB[f] = f > FILE_A ? FileBB[f - 1] << 1 : FileABB;
AdjacentFilesBB[f] = (f > FILE_A ? FileBB[f - 1] : 0) | (f < FILE_H ? FileBB[f + 1] : 0);
for (Rank r = RANK_1; r < RANK_8; ++r)
- InFrontBB[WHITE][r] = ~(InFrontBB[BLACK][r + 1] = InFrontBB[BLACK][r] | RankBB[r]);
+ ForwardRanksBB[WHITE][r] = ~(ForwardRanksBB[BLACK][r + 1] = ForwardRanksBB[BLACK][r] | RankBB[r]);
for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c)
for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s)
{
- ForwardBB[c][s] = InFrontBB[c][rank_of(s)] & FileBB[file_of(s)];
- PawnAttackSpan[c][s] = InFrontBB[c][rank_of(s)] & AdjacentFilesBB[file_of(s)];
- PassedPawnMask[c][s] = ForwardBB[c][s] | PawnAttackSpan[c][s];
+ ForwardFileBB [c][s] = ForwardRanksBB[c][rank_of(s)] & FileBB[file_of(s)];
+ PawnAttackSpan[c][s] = ForwardRanksBB[c][rank_of(s)] & AdjacentFilesBB[file_of(s)];
+ PassedPawnMask[c][s] = ForwardFileBB [c][s] | PawnAttackSpan[c][s];
}
for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; ++s1)
for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; ++s2)
if (s1 != s2)
{
- SquareDistance[s1][s2] = std::max(file_distance(s1, s2), rank_distance(s1, s2));
- DistanceRingsBB[s1][SquareDistance[s1][s2] - 1] |= s2;
+ SquareDistance[s1][s2] = std::max(distance<File>(s1, s2), distance<Rank>(s1, s2));
+ DistanceRingBB[s1][SquareDistance[s1][s2] - 1] |= s2;
}
- int steps[][9] = { {}, { 7, 9 }, { 17, 15, 10, 6, -6, -10, -15, -17 },
- {}, {}, {}, { 9, 7, -7, -9, 8, 1, -1, -8 } };
+ int steps[][5] = { {}, { 7, 9 }, { 6, 10, 15, 17 }, {}, {}, {}, { 1, 7, 8, 9 } };
for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c)
- for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt)
+ for (PieceType pt : { PAWN, KNIGHT, KING })
for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s)
for (int i = 0; steps[pt][i]; ++i)
{
- Square to = s + Square(c == WHITE ? steps[pt][i] : -steps[pt][i]);
-
- if (is_ok(to) && square_distance(s, to) < 3)
- StepAttacksBB[make_piece(c, pt)][s] |= to;
+ Square to = s + Direction(c == WHITE ? steps[pt][i] : -steps[pt][i]);
+
+ if (is_ok(to) && distance(s, to) < 3)
+ {
+ if (pt == PAWN)
+ PawnAttacks[c][s] |= to;
+ else
+ PseudoAttacks[pt][s] |= to;
+ }
}
- Square RDeltas[] = { DELTA_N, DELTA_E, DELTA_S, DELTA_W };
- Square BDeltas[] = { DELTA_NE, DELTA_SE, DELTA_SW, DELTA_NW };
+ Direction RookDirections[] = { NORTH, EAST, SOUTH, WEST };
+ Direction BishopDirections[] = { NORTH_EAST, SOUTH_EAST, SOUTH_WEST, NORTH_WEST };
- init_magics(RTable, RAttacks, RMagics, RMasks, RShifts, RDeltas, magic_index<ROOK>);
- init_magics(BTable, BAttacks, BMagics, BMasks, BShifts, BDeltas, magic_index<BISHOP>);
+ init_magics(RookTable, RookMagics, RookDirections);
+ init_magics(BishopTable, BishopMagics, BishopDirections);
for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; ++s1)
{
PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s1] = PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][s1] = attacks_bb<BISHOP>(s1, 0);
PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s1] |= PseudoAttacks[ ROOK][s1] = attacks_bb< ROOK>(s1, 0);
- for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; ++s2)
- {
- Piece pc = (PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][s1] & s2) ? W_BISHOP :
- (PseudoAttacks[ROOK][s1] & s2) ? W_ROOK : NO_PIECE;
-
- if (pc == NO_PIECE)
- continue;
+ for (PieceType pt : { BISHOP, ROOK })
+ for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; ++s2)
+ {
+ if (!(PseudoAttacks[pt][s1] & s2))
+ continue;
- LineBB[s1][s2] = (attacks_bb(pc, s1, 0) & attacks_bb(pc, s2, 0)) | s1 | s2;
- BetweenBB[s1][s2] = attacks_bb(pc, s1, SquareBB[s2]) & attacks_bb(pc, s2, SquareBB[s1]);
- }
+ LineBB[s1][s2] = (attacks_bb(pt, s1, 0) & attacks_bb(pt, s2, 0)) | s1 | s2;
+ BetweenBB[s1][s2] = attacks_bb(pt, s1, SquareBB[s2]) & attacks_bb(pt, s2, SquareBB[s1]);
+ }
}
}
namespace {
- Bitboard sliding_attack(Square deltas[], Square sq, Bitboard occupied) {
+ Bitboard sliding_attack(Direction directions[], Square sq, Bitboard occupied) {
Bitboard attack = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
- for (Square s = sq + deltas[i];
- is_ok(s) && square_distance(s, s - deltas[i]) == 1;
- s += deltas[i])
+ for (Square s = sq + directions[i];
+ is_ok(s) && distance(s, s - directions[i]) == 1;
+ s += directions[i])
{
attack |= s;
}
- Bitboard pick_random(RKISS& rk, int booster) {
-
- // Values s1 and s2 are used to rotate the candidate magic of a
- // quantity known to be optimal to quickly find the magics.
- int s1 = booster & 63, s2 = (booster >> 6) & 63;
-
- Bitboard m = rk.rand<Bitboard>();
- m = (m >> s1) | (m << (64 - s1));
- m &= rk.rand<Bitboard>();
- m = (m >> s2) | (m << (64 - s2));
- return m & rk.rand<Bitboard>();
- }
-
-
// init_magics() computes all rook and bishop attacks at startup. Magic
// bitboards are used to look up attacks of sliding pieces. As a reference see
// chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/Magic+Bitboards. In particular, here we
// use the so called "fancy" approach.
- void init_magics(Bitboard table[], Bitboard* attacks[], Bitboard magics[],
- Bitboard masks[], unsigned shifts[], Square deltas[], Fn index) {
+ void init_magics(Bitboard table[], Magic magics[], Direction directions[]) {
- int MagicBoosters[][8] = { { 3191, 2184, 1310, 3618, 2091, 1308, 2452, 3996 },
- { 1059, 3608, 605, 3234, 3326, 38, 2029, 3043 } };
- RKISS rk;
- Bitboard occupancy[4096], reference[4096], edges, b;
- int i, size, booster;
+ // Optimal PRNG seeds to pick the correct magics in the shortest time
+ int seeds[][RANK_NB] = { { 8977, 44560, 54343, 38998, 5731, 95205, 104912, 17020 },
+ { 728, 10316, 55013, 32803, 12281, 15100, 16645, 255 } };
- // attacks[s] is a pointer to the beginning of the attacks table for square 's'
- attacks[SQ_A1] = table;
+ Bitboard occupancy[4096], reference[4096], edges, b;
+ int epoch[4096] = {}, cnt = 0, size = 0;
for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s)
{
// all the attacks for each possible subset of the mask and so is 2 power
// the number of 1s of the mask. Hence we deduce the size of the shift to
// apply to the 64 or 32 bits word to get the index.
- masks[s] = sliding_attack(deltas, s, 0) & ~edges;
- shifts[s] = (Is64Bit ? 64 : 32) - popcount<Max15>(masks[s]);
+ Magic& m = magics[s];
+ m.mask = sliding_attack(directions, s, 0) & ~edges;
+ m.shift = (Is64Bit ? 64 : 32) - popcount(m.mask);
+
+ // Set the offset for the attacks table of the square. We have individual
+ // table sizes for each square with "Fancy Magic Bitboards".
+ m.attacks = s == SQ_A1 ? table : magics[s - 1].attacks + size;
// Use Carry-Rippler trick to enumerate all subsets of masks[s] and
// store the corresponding sliding attack bitboard in reference[].
b = size = 0;
do {
occupancy[size] = b;
- reference[size++] = sliding_attack(deltas, s, b);
- b = (b - masks[s]) & masks[s];
+ reference[size] = sliding_attack(directions, s, b);
+
+ if (HasPext)
+ m.attacks[pext(b, m.mask)] = reference[size];
+
+ size++;
+ b = (b - m.mask) & m.mask;
} while (b);
- // Set the offset for the table of the next square. We have individual
- // table sizes for each square with "Fancy Magic Bitboards".
- if (s < SQ_H8)
- attacks[s + 1] = attacks[s] + size;
+ if (HasPext)
+ continue;
- booster = MagicBoosters[Is64Bit][rank_of(s)];
+ PRNG rng(seeds[Is64Bit][rank_of(s)]);
// Find a magic for square 's' picking up an (almost) random number
// until we find the one that passes the verification test.
- do {
- do magics[s] = pick_random(rk, booster);
- while (popcount<Max15>((magics[s] * masks[s]) >> 56) < 6);
-
- std::memset(attacks[s], 0, size * sizeof(Bitboard));
+ for (int i = 0; i < size; )
+ {
+ for (m.magic = 0; popcount((m.magic * m.mask) >> 56) < 6; )
+ m.magic = rng.sparse_rand<Bitboard>();
// A good magic must map every possible occupancy to an index that
// looks up the correct sliding attack in the attacks[s] database.
// Note that we build up the database for square 's' as a side
- // effect of verifying the magic.
- for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+ // effect of verifying the magic. Keep track of the attempt count
+ // and save it in epoch[], little speed-up trick to avoid resetting
+ // m.attacks[] after every failed attempt.
+ for (++cnt, i = 0; i < size; ++i)
{
- Bitboard& attack = attacks[s][index(s, occupancy[i])];
-
- if (attack && attack != reference[i])
+ unsigned idx = m.index(occupancy[i]);
+
+ if (epoch[idx] < cnt)
+ {
+ epoch[idx] = cnt;
+ m.attacks[idx] = reference[i];
+ }
+ else if (m.attacks[idx] != reference[i])
break;
-
- assert(reference[i] != 0);
-
- attack = reference[i];
}
- } while (i != size);
+ }
}
}
}
projects / stockfish / blobdiff