/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
- Copyright (C) 2008-2012 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
+#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include "bitboard.h"
#include "bitcount.h"
#include "pawns.h"
#include "position.h"
+#include "thread.h"
namespace {
#define V Value
#define S(mg, eg) make_score(mg, eg)
- // Doubled pawn penalty by opposed flag and file
- const Score DoubledPawnPenalty[2][8] = {
- { S(13, 43), S(20, 48), S(23, 48), S(23, 48),
- S(23, 48), S(23, 48), S(20, 48), S(13, 43) },
- { S(13, 43), S(20, 48), S(23, 48), S(23, 48),
- S(23, 48), S(23, 48), S(20, 48), S(13, 43) }};
+ // Doubled pawn penalty by file
+ const Score Doubled[FILE_NB] = {
+ S(13, 43), S(20, 48), S(23, 48), S(23, 48),
+ S(23, 48), S(23, 48), S(20, 48), S(13, 43) };
// Isolated pawn penalty by opposed flag and file
- const Score IsolatedPawnPenalty[2][8] = {
+ const Score Isolated[2][FILE_NB] = {
{ S(37, 45), S(54, 52), S(60, 52), S(60, 52),
S(60, 52), S(60, 52), S(54, 52), S(37, 45) },
{ S(25, 30), S(36, 35), S(40, 35), S(40, 35),
- S(40, 35), S(40, 35), S(36, 35), S(25, 30) }};
+ S(40, 35), S(40, 35), S(36, 35), S(25, 30) } };
// Backward pawn penalty by opposed flag and file
- const Score BackwardPawnPenalty[2][8] = {
+ const Score Backward[2][FILE_NB] = {
{ S(30, 42), S(43, 46), S(49, 46), S(49, 46),
S(49, 46), S(49, 46), S(43, 46), S(30, 42) },
{ S(20, 28), S(29, 31), S(33, 31), S(33, 31),
- S(33, 31), S(33, 31), S(29, 31), S(20, 28) }};
+ S(33, 31), S(33, 31), S(29, 31), S(20, 28) } };
- // Pawn chain membership bonus by file
- const Score ChainBonus[8] = {
- S(11,-1), S(13,-1), S(13,-1), S(14,-1),
- S(14,-1), S(13,-1), S(13,-1), S(11,-1)
- };
+ // Connected pawn bonus by opposed, phalanx, twice supported and rank
+ Score Connected[2][2][2][RANK_NB];
- // Candidate passed pawn bonus by rank
- const Score CandidateBonus[8] = {
- S( 0, 0), S( 6, 13), S(6,13), S(14,29),
- S(34,68), S(83,166), S(0, 0), S( 0, 0)
- };
+ // Levers bonus by rank
+ const Score Lever[RANK_NB] = {
+ S( 0, 0), S( 0, 0), S(0, 0), S(0, 0),
+ S(20,20), S(40,40), S(0, 0), S(0, 0) };
- const Score PawnStructureWeight = S(233, 201);
+ // Unsupported pawn penalty
+ const Score UnsupportedPawnPenalty = S(20, 10);
- // Weakness of our pawn shelter in front of the king indexed by [king pawn][rank]
- const Value ShelterWeakness[2][8] =
- { { V(141), V(0), V(38), V(102), V(128), V(141), V(141) },
- { V( 61), V(0), V(16), V( 44), V( 56), V( 61), V( 61) } };
+ // Center bind bonus: Two pawns controlling the same central square
+ const Bitboard CenterBindMask[COLOR_NB] = {
+ (FileDBB | FileEBB) & (Rank5BB | Rank6BB | Rank7BB),
+ (FileDBB | FileEBB) & (Rank4BB | Rank3BB | Rank2BB)
+ };
- // Danger of enemy pawns moving toward our king indexed by [pawn blocked][rank]
- const Value StormDanger[2][8] =
- { { V(26), V(0), V(128), V(51), V(26) },
- { V(13), V(0), V( 64), V(25), V(13) } };
+ const Score CenterBind = S(16, 0);
+
+ // Weakness of our pawn shelter in front of the king by [distance from edge][rank]
+ const Value ShelterWeakness[][RANK_NB] = {
+ { V( 99), V(20), V(26), V(54), V(85), V( 92), V(108) },
+ { V(117), V( 1), V(27), V(71), V(94), V(104), V(118) },
+ { V(104), V( 4), V(51), V(76), V(82), V(102), V( 97) },
+ { V( 80), V(12), V(43), V(65), V(88), V( 91), V(115) } };
+
+ // Danger of enemy pawns moving toward our king by [type][distance from edge][rank]
+ const Value StormDanger[][4][RANK_NB] = {
+ { { V( 0), V( 65), V( 126), V(36), V(30) },
+ { V( 0), V( 55), V( 135), V(36), V(23) },
+ { V( 0), V( 47), V( 116), V(45), V(26) },
+ { V( 0), V( 62), V( 127), V(57), V(34) } },
+ { { V(21), V( 45), V( 93), V(50), V(19) },
+ { V(23), V( 24), V( 105), V(41), V(13) },
+ { V(23), V( 36), V( 101), V(38), V(20) },
+ { V(30), V( 19), V( 110), V(41), V(27) } },
+ { { V( 0), V( 0), V( 81), V(14), V( 4) },
+ { V( 0), V( 0), V( 169), V(30), V( 3) },
+ { V( 0), V( 0), V( 168), V(24), V( 5) },
+ { V( 0), V( 0), V( 162), V(26), V(10) } },
+ { { V( 0), V(-283), V(-298), V(57), V(29) },
+ { V( 0), V( 63), V( 137), V(42), V(18) },
+ { V( 0), V( 67), V( 145), V(49), V(33) },
+ { V( 0), V( 62), V( 126), V(53), V(21) } } };
// Max bonus for king safety. Corresponds to start position with all the pawns
- // in front of the king and no enemy pawn on the horizont.
- const Value MaxSafetyBonus = V(263);
+ // in front of the king and no enemy pawn on the horizon.
+ const Value MaxSafetyBonus = V(258);
#undef S
#undef V
-}
-
-
-/// PawnTable::probe() takes a position object as input, computes a PawnEntry
-/// object, and returns a pointer to it. The result is also stored in a hash
-/// table, so we don't have to recompute everything when the same pawn structure
-/// occurs again.
-
-PawnEntry* PawnTable::probe(const Position& pos) {
-
- Key key = pos.pawn_key();
- PawnEntry* e = entries[key];
- // If e->key matches the position's pawn hash key, it means that we
- // have analysed this pawn structure before, and we can simply return
- // the information we found the last time instead of recomputing it.
- if (e->key == key)
- return e;
+ template<Color Us>
+ Score evaluate(const Position& pos, Pawns::Entry* e) {
+
+ const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
+ const Square Up = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_N : DELTA_S);
+ const Square Right = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NE : DELTA_SW);
+ const Square Left = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NW : DELTA_SE);
+
+ Bitboard b, neighbours, doubled, connected, supported, phalanx;
+ Square s;
+ bool passed, isolated, opposed, backward, lever;
+ Score score = SCORE_ZERO;
+ const Square* pl = pos.list<PAWN>(Us);
+ const Bitboard* pawnAttacksBB = StepAttacksBB[make_piece(Us, PAWN)];
+
+ Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pieces(Us , PAWN);
+ Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pieces(Them, PAWN);
+
+ e->passedPawns[Us] = 0;
+ e->kingSquares[Us] = SQ_NONE;
+ e->semiopenFiles[Us] = 0xFF;
+ e->pawnAttacks[Us] = shift_bb<Right>(ourPawns) | shift_bb<Left>(ourPawns);
+ e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK] = popcount<Max15>(ourPawns & DarkSquares);
+ e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][WHITE] = pos.count<PAWN>(Us) - e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK];
+
+ // Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
+ while ((s = *pl++) != SQ_NONE)
+ {
+ assert(pos.piece_on(s) == make_piece(Us, PAWN));
+
+ File f = file_of(s);
+
+ // This file cannot be semi-open
+ e->semiopenFiles[Us] &= ~(1 << f);
+
+ // Flag the pawn
+ neighbours = ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f);
+ doubled = ourPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
+ opposed = theirPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
+ passed = !(theirPawns & passed_pawn_mask(Us, s));
+ lever = theirPawns & pawnAttacksBB[s];
+ phalanx = neighbours & rank_bb(s);
+ supported = neighbours & rank_bb(s - Up);
+ connected = supported | phalanx;
+ isolated = !neighbours;
+
+ // Test for backward pawn.
+ // If the pawn is passed, isolated, lever or connected it cannot be
+ // backward. If there are friendly pawns behind on adjacent files
+ // it cannot be backward either.
+ if ( (passed | isolated | lever | connected)
+ || (ourPawns & pawn_attack_span(Them, s)))
+ backward = false;
+ else
+ {
+ // We now know there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
+ // pawn on adjacent files. We now check whether the pawn is
+ // backward by looking in the forward direction on the adjacent
+ // files, and picking the closest pawn there.
+ b = pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & (ourPawns | theirPawns);
+ b = pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & rank_bb(backmost_sq(Us, b));
+
+ // If we have an enemy pawn in the same or next rank, the pawn is
+ // backward because it cannot advance without being captured.
+ backward = (b | shift_bb<Up>(b)) & theirPawns;
+ }
+
+ assert(opposed | passed | (pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & theirPawns));
+
+ // Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
+ // full attack info to evaluate passed pawns. Only the frontmost passed
+ // pawn on each file is considered a true passed pawn.
+ if (passed && !doubled)
+ e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
+
+ // Score this pawn
+ if (isolated)
+ score -= Isolated[opposed][f];
+
+ if (!supported && !isolated)
+ score -= UnsupportedPawnPenalty;
+
+ if (doubled)
+ score -= Doubled[f] / distance<Rank>(s, frontmost_sq(Us, doubled));
+
+ if (backward)
+ score -= Backward[opposed][f];
+
+ if (connected)
+ score += Connected[opposed][!!phalanx][more_than_one(supported)][relative_rank(Us, s)];
+
+ if (lever)
+ score += Lever[relative_rank(Us, s)];
+ }
+
+ b = e->semiopenFiles[Us] ^ 0xFF;
+ e->pawnSpan[Us] = b ? int(msb(b) - lsb(b)) : 0;
+
+ // Center binds: Two pawns controlling the same central square
+ b = shift_bb<Right>(ourPawns) & shift_bb<Left>(ourPawns) & CenterBindMask[Us];
+ score += popcount<Max15>(b) * CenterBind;
+
+ return score;
+ }
- e->key = key;
- e->passedPawns[WHITE] = e->passedPawns[BLACK] = 0;
- e->kingSquares[WHITE] = e->kingSquares[BLACK] = SQ_NONE;
- e->halfOpenFiles[WHITE] = e->halfOpenFiles[BLACK] = 0xFF;
+} // namespace
- Bitboard wPawns = pos.pieces(PAWN, WHITE);
- Bitboard bPawns = pos.pieces(PAWN, BLACK);
- e->pawnAttacks[WHITE] = ((wPawns & ~FileHBB) << 9) | ((wPawns & ~FileABB) << 7);
- e->pawnAttacks[BLACK] = ((bPawns & ~FileHBB) >> 7) | ((bPawns & ~FileABB) >> 9);
+namespace Pawns {
- e->value = evaluate_pawns<WHITE>(pos, wPawns, bPawns, e)
- - evaluate_pawns<BLACK>(pos, bPawns, wPawns, e);
+/// Pawns::init() initializes some tables needed by evaluation. Instead of using
+/// hard-coded tables, when makes sense, we prefer to calculate them with a formula
+/// to reduce independent parameters and to allow easier tuning and better insight.
- e->value = apply_weight(e->value, PawnStructureWeight);
+void init()
+{
+ static const int Seed[RANK_NB] = { 0, 6, 15, 10, 57, 75, 135, 258 };
- return e;
+ for (int opposed = 0; opposed <= 1; ++opposed)
+ for (int phalanx = 0; phalanx <= 1; ++phalanx)
+ for (int apex = 0; apex <= 1; ++apex)
+ for (Rank r = RANK_2; r < RANK_8; ++r)
+ {
+ int v = (Seed[r] + (phalanx ? (Seed[r + 1] - Seed[r]) / 2 : 0)) >> opposed;
+ v += (apex ? v / 2 : 0);
+ Connected[opposed][phalanx][apex][r] = make_score(3 * v / 2, v);
+ }
}
-/// PawnTable::evaluate_pawns() evaluates each pawn of the given color
+/// Pawns::probe() looks up the current position's pawns configuration in
+/// the pawns hash table. It returns a pointer to the Entry if the position
+/// is found. Otherwise a new Entry is computed and stored there, so we don't
+/// have to recompute all when the same pawns configuration occurs again.
-template<Color Us>
-Score PawnTable::evaluate_pawns(const Position& pos, Bitboard ourPawns,
- Bitboard theirPawns, PawnEntry* e) {
-
- const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
+Entry* probe(const Position& pos) {
- Bitboard b;
- Square s;
- File f;
- Rank r;
- bool passed, isolated, doubled, opposed, chain, backward, candidate;
- Score value = SCORE_ZERO;
- const Square* pl = pos.piece_list(Us, PAWN);
+ Key key = pos.pawn_key();
+ Entry* e = pos.this_thread()->pawnsTable[key];
- // Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
- while ((s = *pl++) != SQ_NONE)
- {
- assert(pos.piece_on(s) == make_piece(Us, PAWN));
-
- f = file_of(s);
- r = rank_of(s);
-
- // This file cannot be half open
- e->halfOpenFiles[Us] &= ~(1 << f);
-
- // Our rank plus previous one. Used for chain detection
- b = rank_bb(r) | rank_bb(Us == WHITE ? r - Rank(1) : r + Rank(1));
-
- // Flag the pawn as passed, isolated, doubled or member of a pawn
- // chain (but not the backward one).
- chain = ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f) & b;
- isolated = !(ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f));
- doubled = ourPawns & squares_in_front_of(Us, s);
- opposed = theirPawns & squares_in_front_of(Us, s);
- passed = !(theirPawns & passed_pawn_mask(Us, s));
-
- // Test for backward pawn
- backward = false;
-
- // If the pawn is passed, isolated, or member of a pawn chain it cannot
- // be backward. If there are friendly pawns behind on adjacent files
- // or if can capture an enemy pawn it cannot be backward either.
- if ( !(passed | isolated | chain)
- && !(ourPawns & attack_span_mask(Them, s))
- && !(pos.attacks_from<PAWN>(s, Us) & theirPawns))
- {
- // We now know that there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
- // pawn on adjacent files. We now check whether the pawn is
- // backward by looking in the forward direction on the adjacent
- // files, and seeing whether we meet a friendly or an enemy pawn first.
- b = pos.attacks_from<PAWN>(s, Us);
-
- // Note that we are sure to find something because pawn is not passed
- // nor isolated, so loop is potentially infinite, but it isn't.
- while (!(b & (ourPawns | theirPawns)))
- Us == WHITE ? b <<= 8 : b >>= 8;
-
- // The friendly pawn needs to be at least two ranks closer than the
- // enemy pawn in order to help the potentially backward pawn advance.
- backward = (b | (Us == WHITE ? b << 8 : b >> 8)) & theirPawns;
- }
-
- assert(opposed | passed | (attack_span_mask(Us, s) & theirPawns));
-
- // A not passed pawn is a candidate to become passed if it is free to
- // advance and if the number of friendly pawns beside or behind this
- // pawn on adjacent files is higher or equal than the number of
- // enemy pawns in the forward direction on the adjacent files.
- candidate = !(opposed | passed | backward | isolated)
- && (b = attack_span_mask(Them, s + pawn_push(Us)) & ourPawns) != 0
- && popcount<Max15>(b) >= popcount<Max15>(attack_span_mask(Us, s) & theirPawns);
-
- // Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
- // full attack info to evaluate passed pawns. Only the frontmost passed
- // pawn on each file is considered a true passed pawn.
- if (passed && !doubled)
- e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
-
- // Score this pawn
- if (isolated)
- value -= IsolatedPawnPenalty[opposed][f];
-
- if (doubled)
- value -= DoubledPawnPenalty[opposed][f];
-
- if (backward)
- value -= BackwardPawnPenalty[opposed][f];
-
- if (chain)
- value += ChainBonus[f];
-
- if (candidate)
- value += CandidateBonus[relative_rank(Us, s)];
- }
+ if (e->key == key)
+ return e;
- return value;
+ e->key = key;
+ e->score = evaluate<WHITE>(pos, e) - evaluate<BLACK>(pos, e);
+ return e;
}
-/// PawnEntry::shelter_storm() calculates shelter and storm penalties for the file
+/// Entry::shelter_storm() calculates shelter and storm penalties for the file
/// the king is on, as well as the two adjacent files.
template<Color Us>
-Value PawnEntry::shelter_storm(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
+Value Entry::shelter_storm(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
- Value safety = MaxSafetyBonus;
- Bitboard b = pos.pieces(PAWN) & (in_front_bb(Us, ksq) | rank_bb(ksq));
- Bitboard ourPawns = b & pos.pieces(Us) & ~rank_bb(ksq);
- Bitboard theirPawns = b & pos.pieces(Them);
- Rank rkUs, rkThem;
- File kf = file_of(ksq);
+ enum { NoFriendlyPawn, Unblocked, BlockedByPawn, BlockedByKing };
- kf = (kf == FILE_A) ? kf++ : (kf == FILE_H) ? kf-- : kf;
+ Bitboard b = pos.pieces(PAWN) & (in_front_bb(Us, rank_of(ksq)) | rank_bb(ksq));
+ Bitboard ourPawns = b & pos.pieces(Us);
+ Bitboard theirPawns = b & pos.pieces(Them);
+ Value safety = MaxSafetyBonus;
+ File center = std::max(FILE_B, std::min(FILE_G, file_of(ksq)));
- for (int f = kf - 1; f <= kf + 1; f++)
+ for (File f = center - File(1); f <= center + File(1); ++f)
{
- // Shelter penalty is higher for the pawn in front of the king
- b = ourPawns & FileBB[f];
- rkUs = b ? rank_of(Us == WHITE ? first_1(b) : ~last_1(b)) : RANK_1;
- safety -= ShelterWeakness[f != kf][rkUs];
-
- // Storm danger is smaller if enemy pawn is blocked
- b = theirPawns & FileBB[f];
- rkThem = b ? rank_of(Us == WHITE ? first_1(b) : ~last_1(b)) : RANK_1;
- safety -= StormDanger[rkThem == rkUs + 1][rkThem];
+ b = ourPawns & file_bb(f);
+ Rank rkUs = b ? relative_rank(Us, backmost_sq(Us, b)) : RANK_1;
+
+ b = theirPawns & file_bb(f);
+ Rank rkThem = b ? relative_rank(Us, frontmost_sq(Them, b)) : RANK_1;
+
+ safety -= ShelterWeakness[std::min(f, FILE_H - f)][rkUs]
+ + StormDanger
+ [f == file_of(ksq) && rkThem == relative_rank(Us, ksq) + 1 ? BlockedByKing :
+ rkUs == RANK_1 ? NoFriendlyPawn :
+ rkThem == rkUs + 1 ? BlockedByPawn : Unblocked]
+ [std::min(f, FILE_H - f)][rkThem];
}
return safety;
}
-/// PawnEntry::update_safety() calculates and caches a bonus for king safety. It is
-/// called only when king square changes, about 20% of total king_safety() calls.
+/// Entry::do_king_safety() calculates a bonus for king safety. It is called only
+/// when king square changes, which is about 20% of total king_safety() calls.
template<Color Us>
-Score PawnEntry::update_safety(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
+Score Entry::do_king_safety(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
kingSquares[Us] = ksq;
+ castlingRights[Us] = pos.can_castle(Us);
+ minKingPawnDistance[Us] = 0;
+
+ Bitboard pawns = pos.pieces(Us, PAWN);
+ if (pawns)
+ while (!(DistanceRingBB[ksq][minKingPawnDistance[Us]++] & pawns)) {}
if (relative_rank(Us, ksq) > RANK_4)
- return kingSafety[Us] = SCORE_ZERO;
+ return make_score(0, -16 * minKingPawnDistance[Us]);
Value bonus = shelter_storm<Us>(pos, ksq);
- // If we can castle use the bonus after the castle if is bigger
- if (pos.can_castle(make_castle_right(Us, KING_SIDE)))
+ // If we can castle use the bonus after the castling if it is bigger
+ if (pos.can_castle(MakeCastling<Us, KING_SIDE>::right))
bonus = std::max(bonus, shelter_storm<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_G1)));
- if (pos.can_castle(make_castle_right(Us, QUEEN_SIDE)))
+ if (pos.can_castle(MakeCastling<Us, QUEEN_SIDE>::right))
bonus = std::max(bonus, shelter_storm<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_C1)));
- return kingSafety[Us] = make_score(bonus, 0);
+ return make_score(bonus, -16 * minKingPawnDistance[Us]);
}
// Explicit template instantiation
-template Score PawnEntry::update_safety<WHITE>(const Position& pos, Square ksq);
-template Score PawnEntry::update_safety<BLACK>(const Position& pos, Square ksq);
+template Score Entry::do_king_safety<WHITE>(const Position& pos, Square ksq);
+template Score Entry::do_king_safety<BLACK>(const Position& pos, Square ksq);
+
+} // namespace Pawns
projects / stockfish / blobdiff