/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
- Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#include <cassert>
#include "bitboard.h"
-#include "bitcount.h"
#include "pawns.h"
#include "position.h"
+#include "thread.h"
namespace {
#define V Value
#define S(mg, eg) make_score(mg, eg)
- // Doubled pawn penalty by file
- const Score Doubled[FILE_NB] = {
- S(13, 43), S(20, 48), S(23, 48), S(23, 48),
- S(23, 48), S(23, 48), S(20, 48), S(13, 43) };
-
- // Isolated pawn penalty by opposed flag and file
- const Score Isolated[2][FILE_NB] = {
- { S(37, 45), S(54, 52), S(60, 52), S(60, 52),
- S(60, 52), S(60, 52), S(54, 52), S(37, 45) },
- { S(25, 30), S(36, 35), S(40, 35), S(40, 35),
- S(40, 35), S(40, 35), S(36, 35), S(25, 30) } };
-
- // Backward pawn penalty by opposed flag and file
- const Score Backward[2][FILE_NB] = {
- { S(30, 42), S(43, 46), S(49, 46), S(49, 46),
- S(49, 46), S(49, 46), S(43, 46), S(30, 42) },
- { S(20, 28), S(29, 31), S(33, 31), S(33, 31),
- S(33, 31), S(33, 31), S(29, 31), S(20, 28) } };
-
- // Connected pawn bonus by file and rank (initialized by formula)
- Score Connected[FILE_NB][RANK_NB];
-
- // Candidate passed pawn bonus by rank
- const Score CandidatePassed[RANK_NB] = {
- S( 0, 0), S( 6, 13), S(6,13), S(14,29),
- S(34,68), S(83,166), S(0, 0), S( 0, 0) };
-
- // Levers bonus by rank
- const Score Lever[RANK_NB] = {
- S( 0, 0), S( 0, 0), S(0, 0), S(0, 0),
- S(20,20), S(40,40), S(0, 0), S(0, 0) };
+ // Isolated pawn penalty by opposed flag
+ const Score Isolated[2] = { S(45, 40), S(30, 27) };
+
+ // Backward pawn penalty by opposed flag
+ const Score Backward[2] = { S(56, 33), S(41, 19) };
- // Bonus for file distance of the two outermost pawns
- const Score PawnsFileSpan = S(0, 15);
+ // Unsupported pawn penalty for pawns which are neither isolated or backward,
+ // by number of pawns it supports [less than 2 / exactly 2].
+ const Score Unsupported[2] = { S(17, 8), S(21, 12) };
- // Unsupported pawn penalty
- const Score UnsupportedPawnPenalty = S(20, 10);
+ // Connected pawn bonus by opposed, phalanx, twice supported and rank
+ Score Connected[2][2][2][RANK_NB];
- // Weakness of our pawn shelter in front of the king indexed by [rank]
- const Value ShelterWeakness[RANK_NB] =
- { V(100), V(0), V(27), V(73), V(92), V(101), V(101) };
+ // Doubled pawn penalty
+ const Score Doubled = S(18,38);
- // Danger of enemy pawns moving toward our king indexed by
- // [no friendly pawn | pawn unblocked | pawn blocked][rank of enemy pawn]
- const Value StormDanger[][RANK_NB] = {
- { V( 0), V(64), V(128), V(51), V(26) },
- { V(26), V(32), V( 96), V(38), V(20) },
- { V( 0), V( 0), V(160), V(25), V(13) } };
+ // Lever bonus by rank
+ const Score Lever[RANK_NB] = {
+ S( 0, 0), S( 0, 0), S(0, 0), S(0, 0),
+ S(17, 16), S(33, 32), S(0, 0), S(0, 0) };
+
+ // Weakness of our pawn shelter in front of the king by [distance from edge][rank]
+ const Value ShelterWeakness[][RANK_NB] = {
+ { V( 97), V(21), V(26), V(51), V(87), V( 89), V( 99) },
+ { V(120), V( 0), V(28), V(76), V(88), V(103), V(104) },
+ { V(101), V( 7), V(54), V(78), V(77), V( 92), V(101) },
+ { V( 80), V(11), V(44), V(68), V(87), V( 90), V(119) } };
+
+ // Danger of enemy pawns moving toward our king by [type][distance from edge][rank]
+ const Value StormDanger[][4][RANK_NB] = {
+ { { V( 0), V( 67), V( 134), V(38), V(32) },
+ { V( 0), V( 57), V( 139), V(37), V(22) },
+ { V( 0), V( 43), V( 115), V(43), V(27) },
+ { V( 0), V( 68), V( 124), V(57), V(32) } },
+ { { V(20), V( 43), V( 100), V(56), V(20) },
+ { V(23), V( 20), V( 98), V(40), V(15) },
+ { V(23), V( 39), V( 103), V(36), V(18) },
+ { V(28), V( 19), V( 108), V(42), V(26) } },
+ { { V( 0), V( 0), V( 75), V(14), V( 2) },
+ { V( 0), V( 0), V( 150), V(30), V( 4) },
+ { V( 0), V( 0), V( 160), V(22), V( 5) },
+ { V( 0), V( 0), V( 166), V(24), V(13) } },
+ { { V( 0), V(-283), V(-281), V(57), V(31) },
+ { V( 0), V( 58), V( 141), V(39), V(18) },
+ { V( 0), V( 65), V( 142), V(48), V(32) },
+ { V( 0), V( 60), V( 126), V(51), V(19) } } };
// Max bonus for king safety. Corresponds to start position with all the pawns
// in front of the king and no enemy pawn on the horizon.
- const Value MaxSafetyBonus = V(263);
+ const Value MaxSafetyBonus = V(258);
#undef S
#undef V
const Square Right = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NE : DELTA_SW);
const Square Left = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NW : DELTA_SE);
- Bitboard b, p, doubled;
+ Bitboard b, neighbours, stoppers, doubled, supported, phalanx;
Square s;
- File f;
- bool passed, isolated, opposed, connected, backward, candidate, unsupported, lever;
- Score value = SCORE_ZERO;
- const Square* pl = pos.list<PAWN>(Us);
+ bool opposed, lever, connected, backward;
+ Score score = SCORE_ZERO;
+ const Square* pl = pos.squares<PAWN>(Us);
const Bitboard* pawnAttacksBB = StepAttacksBB[make_piece(Us, PAWN)];
- Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pieces(Us, PAWN);
+ Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pieces(Us , PAWN);
Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pieces(Them, PAWN);
- e->passedPawns[Us] = e->candidatePawns[Us] = 0;
+ e->passedPawns[Us] = e->pawnAttacksSpan[Us] = 0;
e->kingSquares[Us] = SQ_NONE;
e->semiopenFiles[Us] = 0xFF;
e->pawnAttacks[Us] = shift_bb<Right>(ourPawns) | shift_bb<Left>(ourPawns);
- e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK] = popcount<Max15>(ourPawns & DarkSquares);
+ e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK] = popcount(ourPawns & DarkSquares);
e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][WHITE] = pos.count<PAWN>(Us) - e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK];
// Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
{
assert(pos.piece_on(s) == make_piece(Us, PAWN));
- f = file_of(s);
+ File f = file_of(s);
- // This file cannot be semi-open
e->semiopenFiles[Us] &= ~(1 << f);
-
- // Previous rank
- p = rank_bb(s - pawn_push(Us));
-
- // Our rank plus previous one
- b = rank_bb(s) | p;
-
- // Flag the pawn as passed, isolated, doubled,
- // unsupported or connected (but not the backward one).
- connected = ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f) & b;
- unsupported = !(ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f) & p);
- isolated = !(ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f));
- doubled = ourPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
- opposed = theirPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
- passed = !(theirPawns & passed_pawn_mask(Us, s));
- lever = theirPawns & pawnAttacksBB[s];
-
- // Test for backward pawn.
- // If the pawn is passed, isolated, or connected it cannot be
- // backward. If there are friendly pawns behind on adjacent files
- // or if it can capture an enemy pawn it cannot be backward either.
- if ( (passed | isolated | connected)
- || (ourPawns & pawn_attack_span(Them, s))
- || (pos.attacks_from<PAWN>(s, Us) & theirPawns))
+ e->pawnAttacksSpan[Us] |= pawn_attack_span(Us, s);
+
+ // Flag the pawn
+ opposed = theirPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
+ stoppers = theirPawns & passed_pawn_mask(Us, s);
+ lever = theirPawns & pawnAttacksBB[s];
+ doubled = ourPawns & (s + Up);
+ neighbours = ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f);
+ phalanx = neighbours & rank_bb(s);
+ supported = neighbours & rank_bb(s - Up);
+ connected = supported | phalanx;
+
+ // A pawn is backward when it is behind all pawns of the same color on the
+ // adjacent files and cannot be safely advanced.
+ if (!neighbours || lever || relative_rank(Us, s) >= RANK_5)
backward = false;
else
{
- // We now know that there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
- // pawn on adjacent files. We now check whether the pawn is
- // backward by looking in the forward direction on the adjacent
- // files, and picking the closest pawn there.
- b = pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & (ourPawns | theirPawns);
- b = pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & rank_bb(backmost_sq(Us, b));
-
- // If we have an enemy pawn in the same or next rank, the pawn is
- // backward because it cannot advance without being captured.
- backward = (b | shift_bb<Up>(b)) & theirPawns;
- }
+ // Find the backmost rank with neighbours or stoppers
+ b = rank_bb(backmost_sq(Us, neighbours | stoppers));
- assert(opposed | passed | (pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & theirPawns));
+ // The pawn is backward when it cannot safely progress to that rank:
+ // either there is a stopper in the way on this rank, or there is a
+ // stopper on adjacent file which controls the way to that rank.
+ backward = (b | shift_bb<Up>(b & adjacent_files_bb(f))) & stoppers;
- // A not-passed pawn is a candidate to become passed, if it is free to
- // advance and if the number of friendly pawns beside or behind this
- // pawn on adjacent files is higher than or equal to the number of
- // enemy pawns in the forward direction on the adjacent files.
- candidate = !(opposed | passed | backward | isolated)
- && (b = pawn_attack_span(Them, s + pawn_push(Us)) & ourPawns) != 0
- && popcount<Max15>(b) >= popcount<Max15>(pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & theirPawns);
+ assert(!backward || !(pawn_attack_span(Them, s + Up) & neighbours));
+ }
// Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
- // full attack info to evaluate passed pawns. Only the frontmost passed
- // pawn on each file is considered a true passed pawn.
- if (passed && !doubled)
+ // full attack info to evaluate them.
+ if (!stoppers && !(ourPawns & forward_bb(Us, s)))
e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
// Score this pawn
- if (isolated)
- value -= Isolated[opposed][f];
+ if (!neighbours)
+ score -= Isolated[opposed];
- if (unsupported && !isolated)
- value -= UnsupportedPawnPenalty;
+ else if (backward)
+ score -= Backward[opposed];
- if (doubled)
- value -= Doubled[f] / rank_distance(s, lsb(doubled));
-
- if (backward)
- value -= Backward[opposed][f];
+ else if (!supported)
+ score -= Unsupported[more_than_one(neighbours & pawnAttacksBB[s])];
if (connected)
- value += Connected[f][relative_rank(Us, s)];
+ score += Connected[opposed][!!phalanx][more_than_one(supported)][relative_rank(Us, s)];
- if (lever)
- value += Lever[relative_rank(Us, s)];
-
- if (candidate)
- {
- value += CandidatePassed[relative_rank(Us, s)];
+ if (doubled)
+ score -= Doubled;
- if (!doubled)
- e->candidatePawns[Us] |= s;
- }
+ if (lever)
+ score += Lever[relative_rank(Us, s)];
}
- b = e->semiopenFiles[Us] ^ 0xFF;
- e->pawnSpan[Us] = b ? int(msb(b) - lsb(b)) : 0;
-
- // In endgame it's better to have pawns on both wings. So give a bonus according
- // to file distance between left and right outermost pawns.
- value += PawnsFileSpan * e->pawnSpan[Us];
-
- return value;
+ return score;
}
} // namespace
namespace Pawns {
-/// init() initializes some tables by formula instead of hard-coding their values
+/// Pawns::init() initializes some tables needed by evaluation. Instead of using
+/// hard-coded tables, when makes sense, we prefer to calculate them with a formula
+/// to reduce independent parameters and to allow easier tuning and better insight.
-void init() {
+void init()
+{
+ static const int Seed[RANK_NB] = { 0, 8, 19, 13, 71, 94, 169, 324 };
- const int bonusByFile[] = { 1, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 3, 1 };
-
- for (Rank r = RANK_1; r < RANK_8; ++r)
- for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f)
- {
- int bonus = r * (r - 1) * (r - 2) + bonusByFile[f] * (r / 2 + 1);
- Connected[f][r] = make_score(bonus, bonus);
- }
+ for (int opposed = 0; opposed <= 1; ++opposed)
+ for (int phalanx = 0; phalanx <= 1; ++phalanx)
+ for (int apex = 0; apex <= 1; ++apex)
+ for (Rank r = RANK_2; r < RANK_8; ++r)
+ {
+ int v = (Seed[r] + (phalanx ? (Seed[r + 1] - Seed[r]) / 2 : 0)) >> opposed;
+ v += (apex ? v / 2 : 0);
+ Connected[opposed][phalanx][apex][r] = make_score(v, v * 5 / 8);
+ }
}
-/// probe() takes a position as input, computes a Entry object, and returns a
-/// pointer to it. The result is also stored in a hash table, so we don't have
-/// to recompute everything when the same pawn structure occurs again.
+/// Pawns::probe() looks up the current position's pawns configuration in
+/// the pawns hash table. It returns a pointer to the Entry if the position
+/// is found. Otherwise a new Entry is computed and stored there, so we don't
+/// have to recompute all when the same pawns configuration occurs again.
-Entry* probe(const Position& pos, Table& entries) {
+Entry* probe(const Position& pos) {
Key key = pos.pawn_key();
- Entry* e = entries[key];
+ Entry* e = pos.this_thread()->pawnsTable[key];
if (e->key == key)
return e;
e->key = key;
- e->value = evaluate<WHITE>(pos, e) - evaluate<BLACK>(pos, e);
+ e->score = evaluate<WHITE>(pos, e) - evaluate<BLACK>(pos, e);
+ e->asymmetry = popcount(e->semiopenFiles[WHITE] ^ e->semiopenFiles[BLACK]);
+ e->openFiles = popcount(e->semiopenFiles[WHITE] & e->semiopenFiles[BLACK]);
return e;
}
Value Entry::shelter_storm(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
- const Bitboard Edges = (FileABB | FileHBB) & (Rank2BB | Rank3BB);
+
+ enum { NoFriendlyPawn, Unblocked, BlockedByPawn, BlockedByKing };
Bitboard b = pos.pieces(PAWN) & (in_front_bb(Us, rank_of(ksq)) | rank_bb(ksq));
Bitboard ourPawns = b & pos.pieces(Us);
Bitboard theirPawns = b & pos.pieces(Them);
Value safety = MaxSafetyBonus;
- File kf = std::max(FILE_B, std::min(FILE_G, file_of(ksq)));
+ File center = std::max(FILE_B, std::min(FILE_G, file_of(ksq)));
- for (File f = kf - File(1); f <= kf + File(1); ++f)
+ for (File f = center - File(1); f <= center + File(1); ++f)
{
b = ourPawns & file_bb(f);
Rank rkUs = b ? relative_rank(Us, backmost_sq(Us, b)) : RANK_1;
b = theirPawns & file_bb(f);
Rank rkThem = b ? relative_rank(Us, frontmost_sq(Them, b)) : RANK_1;
- if ( (Edges & make_square(f, rkThem))
- && file_of(ksq) == f
- && relative_rank(Us, ksq) == rkThem - 1)
- safety += 200;
- else
- safety -= ShelterWeakness[rkUs]
- + StormDanger[rkUs == RANK_1 ? 0 :
- rkThem != rkUs + 1 ? 1 : 2][rkThem];
+ safety -= ShelterWeakness[std::min(f, FILE_H - f)][rkUs]
+ + StormDanger
+ [f == file_of(ksq) && rkThem == relative_rank(Us, ksq) + 1 ? BlockedByKing :
+ rkUs == RANK_1 ? NoFriendlyPawn :
+ rkThem == rkUs + 1 ? BlockedByPawn : Unblocked]
+ [std::min(f, FILE_H - f)][rkThem];
}
return safety;
kingSquares[Us] = ksq;
castlingRights[Us] = pos.can_castle(Us);
- minKPdistance[Us] = 0;
+ int minKingPawnDistance = 0;
Bitboard pawns = pos.pieces(Us, PAWN);
if (pawns)
- while (!(DistanceRingsBB[ksq][minKPdistance[Us]++] & pawns)) {}
-
- if (relative_rank(Us, ksq) > RANK_4)
- return make_score(0, -16 * minKPdistance[Us]);
+ while (!(DistanceRingBB[ksq][minKingPawnDistance++] & pawns)) {}
Value bonus = shelter_storm<Us>(pos, ksq);
if (pos.can_castle(MakeCastling<Us, QUEEN_SIDE>::right))
bonus = std::max(bonus, shelter_storm<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_C1)));
- return make_score(bonus, -16 * minKPdistance[Us]);
+ return make_score(bonus, -16 * minKingPawnDistance);
}
// Explicit template instantiation
projects / stockfish / blobdiff