X-Git-Url: https://git.sesse.net/?p=stockfish;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fbitboard.cpp;h=318ce049954f7d03316c532c5dba1db3703554e5;hp=a3c12ca3d3e9694549fa8cf3759d2b6133f474e2;hb=d909d10f33df023be46a2633608bdf655d1f5a62;hpb=c5ec94d0f1b128fc2c691c7231663a345409d5cc diff --git a/src/bitboard.cpp b/src/bitboard.cpp index a3c12ca3..318ce049 100644 --- a/src/bitboard.cpp +++ b/src/bitboard.cpp @@ -1,7 +1,8 @@ /* Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author) - Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad + Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad + Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by @@ -18,85 +19,85 @@ */ #include -#include -#include #include "bitboard.h" -#include "bitcount.h" #include "misc.h" -#include "rkiss.h" -CACHE_LINE_ALIGNMENT +uint8_t PopCnt16[1 << 16]; +int SquareDistance[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard RMasks[SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard RMagics[SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard* RAttacks[SQUARE_NB]; -unsigned RShifts[SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard RookMasks [SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard RookMagics [SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard* RookAttacks[SQUARE_NB]; +unsigned RookShifts [SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard BMasks[SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard BMagics[SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard* BAttacks[SQUARE_NB]; -unsigned BShifts[SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard BishopMasks [SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard BishopMagics [SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard* BishopAttacks[SQUARE_NB]; +unsigned BishopShifts [SQUARE_NB]; Bitboard SquareBB[SQUARE_NB]; Bitboard FileBB[FILE_NB]; Bitboard RankBB[RANK_NB]; Bitboard AdjacentFilesBB[FILE_NB]; -Bitboard ThisAndAdjacentFilesBB[FILE_NB]; Bitboard InFrontBB[COLOR_NB][RANK_NB]; Bitboard StepAttacksBB[PIECE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; Bitboard BetweenBB[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard DistanceRingsBB[SQUARE_NB][8]; +Bitboard LineBB[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard DistanceRingBB[SQUARE_NB][8]; Bitboard ForwardBB[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB]; Bitboard PassedPawnMask[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB]; -Bitboard AttackSpanMask[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB]; +Bitboard PawnAttackSpan[COLOR_NB][SQUARE_NB]; Bitboard PseudoAttacks[PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; -int SquareDistance[SQUARE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; - namespace { // De Bruijn sequences. See chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/BitScan - const uint64_t DeBruijn_64 = 0x3F79D71B4CB0A89ULL; - const uint32_t DeBruijn_32 = 0x783A9B23; + const uint64_t DeBruijn64 = 0x3F79D71B4CB0A89ULL; + const uint32_t DeBruijn32 = 0x783A9B23; - CACHE_LINE_ALIGNMENT - - int MS1BTable[256]; - Square BSFTable[SQUARE_NB]; - Bitboard RTable[0x19000]; // Storage space for rook attacks - Bitboard BTable[0x1480]; // Storage space for bishop attacks + int MSBTable[256]; // To implement software msb() + Square BSFTable[SQUARE_NB]; // To implement software bitscan + Bitboard RookTable[0x19000]; // To store rook attacks + Bitboard BishopTable[0x1480]; // To store bishop attacks typedef unsigned (Fn)(Square, Bitboard); void init_magics(Bitboard table[], Bitboard* attacks[], Bitboard magics[], Bitboard masks[], unsigned shifts[], Square deltas[], Fn index); - FORCE_INLINE unsigned bsf_index(Bitboard b) { + // bsf_index() returns the index into BSFTable[] to look up the bitscan. Uses + // Matt Taylor's folding for 32 bit case, extended to 64 bit by Kim Walisch. - // Matt Taylor's folding for 32 bit systems, extended to 64 bits by Kim Walisch - b ^= (b - 1); - return Is64Bit ? (b * DeBruijn_64) >> 58 - : ((unsigned(b) ^ unsigned(b >> 32)) * DeBruijn_32) >> 26; + unsigned bsf_index(Bitboard b) { + b ^= b - 1; + return Is64Bit ? (b * DeBruijn64) >> 58 + : ((unsigned(b) ^ unsigned(b >> 32)) * DeBruijn32) >> 26; } -} -/// lsb()/msb() finds the least/most significant bit in a nonzero bitboard. -/// pop_lsb() finds and clears the least significant bit in a nonzero bitboard. -#if !defined(USE_BSFQ) + // popcount16() counts the non-zero bits using SWAR-Popcount algorithm -Square lsb(Bitboard b) { return BSFTable[bsf_index(b)]; } + unsigned popcount16(unsigned u) { + u -= (u >> 1) & 0x5555U; + u = ((u >> 2) & 0x3333U) + (u & 0x3333U); + u = ((u >> 4) + u) & 0x0F0FU; + return (u * 0x0101U) >> 8; + } +} -Square pop_lsb(Bitboard* b) { +#ifdef NO_BSF - Bitboard bb = *b; - *b = bb & (bb - 1); - return BSFTable[bsf_index(bb)]; +/// Software fall-back of lsb() and msb() for CPU lacking hardware support + +Square lsb(Bitboard b) { + assert(b); + return BSFTable[bsf_index(b)]; } Square msb(Bitboard b) { + assert(b); unsigned b32; int result = 0; @@ -120,118 +121,111 @@ Square msb(Bitboard b) { result += 8; } - return (Square)(result + MS1BTable[b32]); + return Square(result + MSBTable[b32]); } -#endif // !defined(USE_BSFQ) +#endif // ifdef NO_BSF -/// Bitboards::print() prints a bitboard in an easily readable format to the -/// standard output. This is sometimes useful for debugging. +/// Bitboards::pretty() returns an ASCII representation of a bitboard suitable +/// to be printed to standard output. Useful for debugging. -void Bitboards::print(Bitboard b) { +const std::string Bitboards::pretty(Bitboard b) { - sync_cout; + std::string s = "+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+\n"; - for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; rank--) + for (Rank r = RANK_8; r >= RANK_1; --r) { - std::cout << "+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+" << '\n'; - - for (File file = FILE_A; file <= FILE_H; file++) - std::cout << "| " << (b & (file | rank) ? "X " : " "); + for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f) + s += b & make_square(f, r) ? "| X " : "| "; - std::cout << "|\n"; + s += "|\n+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+\n"; } - std::cout << "+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+" << sync_endl; + + return s; } -/// Bitboards::init() initializes various bitboard arrays. It is called during -/// program initialization. +/// Bitboards::init() initializes various bitboard tables. It is called at +/// startup and relies on global objects to be already zero-initialized. void Bitboards::init() { - for (int k = 0, i = 0; i < 8; i++) - while (k < (2 << i)) - MS1BTable[k++] = i; - - for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) - BSFTable[bsf_index(1ULL << i)] = Square(i); + for (unsigned i = 0; i < (1 << 16); ++i) + PopCnt16[i] = (uint8_t) popcount16(i); - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) + { SquareBB[s] = 1ULL << s; + BSFTable[bsf_index(SquareBB[s])] = s; + } - FileBB[FILE_A] = FileABB; - RankBB[RANK_1] = Rank1BB; + for (Bitboard b = 2; b < 256; ++b) + MSBTable[b] = MSBTable[b - 1] + !more_than_one(b); - for (int i = 1; i < 8; i++) - { - FileBB[i] = FileBB[i - 1] << 1; - RankBB[i] = RankBB[i - 1] << 8; - } + for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f) + FileBB[f] = f > FILE_A ? FileBB[f - 1] << 1 : FileABB; - for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; f++) - { + for (Rank r = RANK_1; r <= RANK_8; ++r) + RankBB[r] = r > RANK_1 ? RankBB[r - 1] << 8 : Rank1BB; + + for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f) AdjacentFilesBB[f] = (f > FILE_A ? FileBB[f - 1] : 0) | (f < FILE_H ? FileBB[f + 1] : 0); - ThisAndAdjacentFilesBB[f] = FileBB[f] | AdjacentFilesBB[f]; - } - for (Rank r = RANK_1; r < RANK_8; r++) + for (Rank r = RANK_1; r < RANK_8; ++r) InFrontBB[WHITE][r] = ~(InFrontBB[BLACK][r + 1] = InFrontBB[BLACK][r] | RankBB[r]); - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) { ForwardBB[c][s] = InFrontBB[c][rank_of(s)] & FileBB[file_of(s)]; - PassedPawnMask[c][s] = InFrontBB[c][rank_of(s)] & ThisAndAdjacentFilesBB[file_of(s)]; - AttackSpanMask[c][s] = InFrontBB[c][rank_of(s)] & AdjacentFilesBB[file_of(s)]; + PawnAttackSpan[c][s] = InFrontBB[c][rank_of(s)] & AdjacentFilesBB[file_of(s)]; + PassedPawnMask[c][s] = ForwardBB[c][s] | PawnAttackSpan[c][s]; } - for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; s1++) - for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; s2++) - SquareDistance[s1][s2] = std::max(file_distance(s1, s2), rank_distance(s1, s2)); - - for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; s1++) - for (int d = 1; d < 8; d++) - for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; s2++) - if (SquareDistance[s1][s2] == d) - DistanceRingsBB[s1][d - 1] |= s2; + for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; ++s1) + for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; ++s2) + if (s1 != s2) + { + SquareDistance[s1][s2] = std::max(distance(s1, s2), distance(s1, s2)); + DistanceRingBB[s1][SquareDistance[s1][s2] - 1] |= s2; + } int steps[][9] = { {}, { 7, 9 }, { 17, 15, 10, 6, -6, -10, -15, -17 }, {}, {}, {}, { 9, 7, -7, -9, 8, 1, -1, -8 } }; - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) - for (int k = 0; steps[pt][k]; k++) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) + for (int i = 0; steps[pt][i]; ++i) { - Square to = s + Square(c == WHITE ? steps[pt][k] : -steps[pt][k]); + Square to = s + Square(c == WHITE ? steps[pt][i] : -steps[pt][i]); - if (is_ok(to) && square_distance(s, to) < 3) + if (is_ok(to) && distance(s, to) < 3) StepAttacksBB[make_piece(c, pt)][s] |= to; } - Square RDeltas[] = { DELTA_N, DELTA_E, DELTA_S, DELTA_W }; - Square BDeltas[] = { DELTA_NE, DELTA_SE, DELTA_SW, DELTA_NW }; + Square RookDeltas[] = { DELTA_N, DELTA_E, DELTA_S, DELTA_W }; + Square BishopDeltas[] = { DELTA_NE, DELTA_SE, DELTA_SW, DELTA_NW }; - init_magics(RTable, RAttacks, RMagics, RMasks, RShifts, RDeltas, magic_index); - init_magics(BTable, BAttacks, BMagics, BMasks, BShifts, BDeltas, magic_index); + init_magics(RookTable, RookAttacks, RookMagics, RookMasks, RookShifts, RookDeltas, magic_index); + init_magics(BishopTable, BishopAttacks, BishopMagics, BishopMasks, BishopShifts, BishopDeltas, magic_index); - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; ++s1) { - PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s] = PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][s] = attacks_bb(s, 0); - PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s] |= PseudoAttacks[ ROOK][s] = attacks_bb< ROOK>(s, 0); - } + PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s1] = PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][s1] = attacks_bb(s1, 0); + PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s1] |= PseudoAttacks[ ROOK][s1] = attacks_bb< ROOK>(s1, 0); - for (Square s1 = SQ_A1; s1 <= SQ_H8; s1++) - for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; s2++) - if (PseudoAttacks[QUEEN][s1] & s2) + for (Piece pc = W_BISHOP; pc <= W_ROOK; ++pc) + for (Square s2 = SQ_A1; s2 <= SQ_H8; ++s2) { - Square delta = (s2 - s1) / square_distance(s1, s2); + if (!(PseudoAttacks[pc][s1] & s2)) + continue; - for (Square s = s1 + delta; s != s2; s += delta) - BetweenBB[s1][s2] |= s; + LineBB[s1][s2] = (attacks_bb(pc, s1, 0) & attacks_bb(pc, s2, 0)) | s1 | s2; + BetweenBB[s1][s2] = attacks_bb(pc, s1, SquareBB[s2]) & attacks_bb(pc, s2, SquareBB[s1]); } + } } @@ -241,9 +235,9 @@ namespace { Bitboard attack = 0; - for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) + for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) for (Square s = sq + deltas[i]; - is_ok(s) && square_distance(s, s - deltas[i]) == 1; + is_ok(s) && distance(s, s - deltas[i]) == 1; s += deltas[i]) { attack |= s; @@ -256,20 +250,6 @@ namespace { } - Bitboard pick_random(RKISS& rk, int booster) { - - // Values s1 and s2 are used to rotate the candidate magic of a - // quantity known to be the optimal to quickly find the magics. - int s1 = booster & 63, s2 = (booster >> 6) & 63; - - Bitboard m = rk.rand(); - m = (m >> s1) | (m << (64 - s1)); - m &= rk.rand(); - m = (m >> s2) | (m << (64 - s2)); - return m & rk.rand(); - } - - // init_magics() computes all rook and bishop attacks at startup. Magic // bitboards are used to look up attacks of sliding pieces. As a reference see // chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/Magic+Bitboards. In particular, here we @@ -278,16 +258,16 @@ namespace { void init_magics(Bitboard table[], Bitboard* attacks[], Bitboard magics[], Bitboard masks[], unsigned shifts[], Square deltas[], Fn index) { - int MagicBoosters[][8] = { { 3191, 2184, 1310, 3618, 2091, 1308, 2452, 3996 }, - { 1059, 3608, 605, 3234, 3326, 38, 2029, 3043 } }; - RKISS rk; + int seeds[][RANK_NB] = { { 8977, 44560, 54343, 38998, 5731, 95205, 104912, 17020 }, + { 728, 10316, 55013, 32803, 12281, 15100, 16645, 255 } }; + Bitboard occupancy[4096], reference[4096], edges, b; - int i, size, booster; + int age[4096] = {0}, current = 0, i, size; // attacks[s] is a pointer to the beginning of the attacks table for square 's' attacks[SQ_A1] = table; - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) { // Board edges are not considered in the relevant occupancies edges = ((Rank1BB | Rank8BB) & ~rank_bb(s)) | ((FileABB | FileHBB) & ~file_bb(s)); @@ -298,14 +278,19 @@ namespace { // the number of 1s of the mask. Hence we deduce the size of the shift to // apply to the 64 or 32 bits word to get the index. masks[s] = sliding_attack(deltas, s, 0) & ~edges; - shifts[s] = (Is64Bit ? 64 : 32) - popcount(masks[s]); + shifts[s] = (Is64Bit ? 64 : 32) - popcount(masks[s]); // Use Carry-Rippler trick to enumerate all subsets of masks[s] and // store the corresponding sliding attack bitboard in reference[]. b = size = 0; do { occupancy[size] = b; - reference[size++] = sliding_attack(deltas, s, b); + reference[size] = sliding_attack(deltas, s, b); + + if (HasPext) + attacks[s][pext(b, masks[s])] = reference[size]; + + size++; b = (b - masks[s]) & masks[s]; } while (b); @@ -314,32 +299,35 @@ namespace { if (s < SQ_H8) attacks[s + 1] = attacks[s] + size; - booster = MagicBoosters[Is64Bit][rank_of(s)]; + if (HasPext) + continue; + + PRNG rng(seeds[Is64Bit][rank_of(s)]); // Find a magic for square 's' picking up an (almost) random number // until we find the one that passes the verification test. do { - do magics[s] = pick_random(rk, booster); - while (popcount((magics[s] * masks[s]) >> 56) < 6); - - memset(attacks[s], 0, size * sizeof(Bitboard)); + do + magics[s] = rng.sparse_rand(); + while (popcount((magics[s] * masks[s]) >> 56) < 6); // A good magic must map every possible occupancy to an index that // looks up the correct sliding attack in the attacks[s] database. // Note that we build up the database for square 's' as a side // effect of verifying the magic. - for (i = 0; i < size; i++) + for (++current, i = 0; i < size; ++i) { - Bitboard& attack = attacks[s][index(s, occupancy[i])]; - - if (attack && attack != reference[i]) + unsigned idx = index(s, occupancy[i]); + + if (age[idx] < current) + { + age[idx] = current; + attacks[s][idx] = reference[i]; + } + else if (attacks[s][idx] != reference[i]) break; - - assert(reference[i] != 0); - - attack = reference[i]; } - } while (i != size); + } while (i < size); } } }