X-Git-Url: https://git.sesse.net/?p=stockfish;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fposition.cpp;h=3fc568eebf93a0e674d748ceee4095c8b92b7551;hp=e1f07bfb4857292bfb7d479cd9f270d05668fd60;hb=d2a8ba329940655e4683a67a2528a92717700732;hpb=23b6809f3dffe8c93b7edef4e5d47925920e5031 diff --git a/src/position.cpp b/src/position.cpp index e1f07bfb..3fc568ee 100644 --- a/src/position.cpp +++ b/src/position.cpp @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author) - Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad + Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by @@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ #include #include #include -#include #include #include "bitcount.h" @@ -34,23 +33,22 @@ #include "tt.h" using std::string; -using std::cout; -using std::endl; static const string PieceToChar(" PNBRQK pnbrqk"); CACHE_LINE_ALIGNMENT -Score psq[COLOR_NB][PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; Value PieceValue[PHASE_NB][PIECE_NB] = { { VALUE_ZERO, PawnValueMg, KnightValueMg, BishopValueMg, RookValueMg, QueenValueMg }, { VALUE_ZERO, PawnValueEg, KnightValueEg, BishopValueEg, RookValueEg, QueenValueEg } }; +static Score psq[COLOR_NB][PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; + namespace Zobrist { Key psq[COLOR_NB][PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; Key enpassant[FILE_NB]; - Key castle[CASTLE_RIGHT_NB]; + Key castling[CASTLING_RIGHT_NB]; Key side; Key exclusion; } @@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ Key Position::exclusion_key() const { return st->key ^ Zobrist::exclusion;} namespace { -// min_attacker() is an helper function used by see() to locate the least +// min_attacker() is a helper function used by see() to locate the least // valuable attacker for the side to move, remove the attacker we just found // from the bitboards and scan for new X-ray attacks behind it. @@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ PieceType min_attacker(const Bitboard* bb, const Square& to, const Bitboard& stm template<> FORCE_INLINE PieceType min_attacker(const Bitboard*, const Square&, const Bitboard&, Bitboard&, Bitboard&) { - return KING; // No need to update bitboards, it is the last cycle + return KING; // No need to update bitboards: it is the last cycle } } // namespace @@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ CheckInfo::CheckInfo(const Position& pos) { Color them = ~pos.side_to_move(); ksq = pos.king_square(them); - pinned = pos.pinned_pieces(); + pinned = pos.pinned_pieces(pos.side_to_move()); dcCandidates = pos.discovered_check_candidates(); checkSq[PAWN] = pos.attacks_from(ksq, them); @@ -112,43 +110,43 @@ CheckInfo::CheckInfo(const Position& pos) { /// Position::init() initializes at startup the various arrays used to compute /// hash keys and the piece square tables. The latter is a two-step operation: -/// First, the white halves of the tables are copied from PSQT[] tables. Second, -/// the black halves of the tables are initialized by flipping and changing the -/// sign of the white scores. +/// Firstly, the white halves of the tables are copied from PSQT[] tables. +/// Secondly, the black halves of the tables are initialized by flipping and +/// changing the sign of the white scores. void Position::init() { RKISS rk; - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) Zobrist::psq[c][pt][s] = rk.rand(); - for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; f++) + for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; ++f) Zobrist::enpassant[f] = rk.rand(); - for (int cr = CASTLES_NONE; cr <= ALL_CASTLES; cr++) + for (int cf = NO_CASTLING; cf <= ANY_CASTLING; ++cf) { - Bitboard b = cr; + Bitboard b = cf; while (b) { - Key k = Zobrist::castle[1ULL << pop_lsb(&b)]; - Zobrist::castle[cr] ^= k ? k : rk.rand(); + Key k = Zobrist::castling[1ULL << pop_lsb(&b)]; + Zobrist::castling[cf] ^= k ? k : rk.rand(); } } Zobrist::side = rk.rand(); Zobrist::exclusion = rk.rand(); - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt) { PieceValue[MG][make_piece(BLACK, pt)] = PieceValue[MG][pt]; PieceValue[EG][make_piece(BLACK, pt)] = PieceValue[EG][pt]; Score v = make_score(PieceValue[MG][pt], PieceValue[EG][pt]); - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) { psq[WHITE][pt][ s] = (v + PSQT[pt][s]); psq[BLACK][pt][~s] = -(v + PSQT[pt][s]); @@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ void Position::init() { /// Position::operator=() creates a copy of 'pos'. We want the new born Position -/// object do not depend on any external data so we detach state pointer from +/// object to not depend on any external data so we detach state pointer from /// the source one. Position& Position::operator=(const Position& pos) { @@ -185,11 +183,11 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { A FEN string contains six fields separated by a space. The fields are: 1) Piece placement (from white's perspective). Each rank is described, starting - with rank 8 and ending with rank 1; within each rank, the contents of each + with rank 8 and ending with rank 1. Within each rank, the contents of each square are described from file A through file H. Following the Standard Algebraic Notation (SAN), each piece is identified by a single letter taken from the standard English names. White pieces are designated using upper-case - letters ("PNBRQK") while Black take lowercase ("pnbrqk"). Blank squares are + letters ("PNBRQK") whilst Black uses lowercase ("pnbrqk"). Blank squares are noted using digits 1 through 8 (the number of blank squares), and "/" separates ranks. @@ -214,7 +212,7 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { */ char col, row, token; - size_t p; + size_t idx; Square sq = SQ_A8; std::istringstream ss(fenStr); @@ -230,10 +228,10 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { else if (token == '/') sq -= Square(16); - else if ((p = PieceToChar.find(token)) != string::npos) + else if ((idx = PieceToChar.find(token)) != string::npos) { - put_piece(sq, color_of(Piece(p)), type_of(Piece(p))); - sq++; + put_piece(sq, color_of(Piece(idx)), type_of(Piece(idx))); + ++sq; } } @@ -255,10 +253,10 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { token = char(toupper(token)); if (token == 'K') - for (rsq = relative_square(c, SQ_H1); type_of(piece_on(rsq)) != ROOK; rsq--) {} + for (rsq = relative_square(c, SQ_H1); type_of(piece_on(rsq)) != ROOK; --rsq) {} else if (token == 'Q') - for (rsq = relative_square(c, SQ_A1); type_of(piece_on(rsq)) != ROOK; rsq++) {} + for (rsq = relative_square(c, SQ_A1); type_of(piece_on(rsq)) != ROOK; ++rsq) {} else if (token >= 'A' && token <= 'H') rsq = File(token - 'A') | relative_rank(c, RANK_1); @@ -266,7 +264,7 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { else continue; - set_castle_right(c, rsq); + set_castling_right(c, rsq); } // 4. En passant square. Ignore if no pawn capture is possible @@ -300,57 +298,53 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { } -/// Position::set_castle_right() is an helper function used to set castling +/// Position::set_castling_right() is a helper function used to set castling /// rights given the corresponding color and the rook starting square. -void Position::set_castle_right(Color c, Square rfrom) { +void Position::set_castling_right(Color c, Square rfrom) { Square kfrom = king_square(c); CastlingSide cs = kfrom < rfrom ? KING_SIDE : QUEEN_SIDE; - CastleRight cr = make_castle_right(c, cs); + CastlingRight cr = (c | cs); - st->castleRights |= cr; - castleRightsMask[kfrom] |= cr; - castleRightsMask[rfrom] |= cr; - castleRookSquare[c][cs] = rfrom; + st->castlingRights |= cr; + castlingRightsMask[kfrom] |= cr; + castlingRightsMask[rfrom] |= cr; + castlingRookSquare[cr] = rfrom; Square kto = relative_square(c, cs == KING_SIDE ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); Square rto = relative_square(c, cs == KING_SIDE ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); - for (Square s = std::min(rfrom, rto); s <= std::max(rfrom, rto); s++) + for (Square s = std::min(rfrom, rto); s <= std::max(rfrom, rto); ++s) if (s != kfrom && s != rfrom) - castlePath[c][cs] |= s; + castlingPath[cr] |= s; - for (Square s = std::min(kfrom, kto); s <= std::max(kfrom, kto); s++) + for (Square s = std::min(kfrom, kto); s <= std::max(kfrom, kto); ++s) if (s != kfrom && s != rfrom) - castlePath[c][cs] |= s; + castlingPath[cr] |= s; } -/// Position::fen() returns a FEN representation of the position. In case -/// of Chess960 the Shredder-FEN notation is used. Mainly a debugging function. +/// Position::fen() returns a FEN representation of the position. In case of +/// Chess960 the Shredder-FEN notation is used. This is mainly a debugging function. const string Position::fen() const { + int emptyCnt; std::ostringstream ss; - for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; rank--) + for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; --rank) { - for (File file = FILE_A; file <= FILE_H; file++) + for (File file = FILE_A; file <= FILE_H; ++file) { - Square sq = file | rank; - - if (is_empty(sq)) - { - int emptyCnt = 1; - - for ( ; file < FILE_H && is_empty(sq++); file++) - emptyCnt++; + for (emptyCnt = 0; file <= FILE_H && empty(file | rank); ++file) + ++emptyCnt; + if (emptyCnt) ss << emptyCnt; - } - else - ss << PieceToChar[piece_on(sq)]; + + if (file <= FILE_H) + ss << PieceToChar[piece_on(file | rank)]; } if (rank > RANK_1) @@ -360,22 +354,22 @@ const string Position::fen() const { ss << (sideToMove == WHITE ? " w " : " b "); if (can_castle(WHITE_OO)) - ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(WHITE, KING_SIDE)), false) : 'K'); + ss << (chess960 ? to_char(file_of(castling_rook_square(WHITE | KING_SIDE)), false) : 'K'); if (can_castle(WHITE_OOO)) - ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(WHITE, QUEEN_SIDE)), false) : 'Q'); + ss << (chess960 ? to_char(file_of(castling_rook_square(WHITE | QUEEN_SIDE)), false) : 'Q'); if (can_castle(BLACK_OO)) - ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(BLACK, KING_SIDE)), true) : 'k'); + ss << (chess960 ? to_char(file_of(castling_rook_square(BLACK | KING_SIDE)), true) : 'k'); if (can_castle(BLACK_OOO)) - ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(BLACK, QUEEN_SIDE)), true) : 'q'); + ss << (chess960 ? to_char(file_of(castling_rook_square(BLACK | QUEEN_SIDE)), true) : 'q'); - if (st->castleRights == CASTLES_NONE) + if (!can_castle(WHITE) && !can_castle(BLACK)) ss << '-'; - ss << (ep_square() == SQ_NONE ? " - " : " " + square_to_string(ep_square()) + " ") - << st->rule50 << " " << 1 + (gamePly - int(sideToMove == BLACK)) / 2; + ss << (ep_square() == SQ_NONE ? " - " : " " + to_string(ep_square()) + " ") + << st->rule50 << " " << 1 + (gamePly - int(sideToMove == BLACK)) / 2; return ss.str(); } @@ -408,7 +402,7 @@ const string Position::pretty(Move move) const { << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(16) << st->key << "\nCheckers: "; for (Bitboard b = checkers(); b; ) - ss << square_to_string(pop_lsb(&b)) << " "; + ss << to_string(pop_lsb(&b)) << " "; ss << "\nLegal moves: "; for (MoveList it(*this); *it; ++it) @@ -418,31 +412,35 @@ const string Position::pretty(Move move) const { } -/// Position:hidden_checkers() returns a bitboard of all pinned / discovery check -/// pieces, according to the call parameters. Pinned pieces protect our king, -/// discovery check pieces attack the enemy king. +/// Position::check_blockers() returns a bitboard of all the pieces with color +/// 'c' that are blocking check on the king with color 'kingColor'. A piece +/// blocks a check if removing that piece from the board would result in a +/// position where the king is in check. A check blocking piece can be either a +/// pinned or a discovered check piece, according if its color 'c' is the same +/// or the opposite of 'kingColor'. -Bitboard Position::hidden_checkers(Square ksq, Color c) const { +Bitboard Position::check_blockers(Color c, Color kingColor) const { Bitboard b, pinners, result = 0; + Square ksq = king_square(kingColor); - // Pinners are sliders that give check when pinned piece is removed + // Pinners are sliders that give check when a pinned piece is removed pinners = ( (pieces( ROOK, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[ROOK ][ksq]) - | (pieces(BISHOP, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][ksq])) & pieces(c); + | (pieces(BISHOP, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][ksq])) & pieces(~kingColor); while (pinners) { b = between_bb(ksq, pop_lsb(&pinners)) & pieces(); if (!more_than_one(b)) - result |= b & pieces(sideToMove); + result |= b & pieces(c); } return result; } /// Position::attackers_to() computes a bitboard of all pieces which attack a -/// given square. Slider attacks use occ bitboard as occupancy. +/// given square. Slider attacks use the occ bitboard to indicate occupancy. Bitboard Position::attackers_to(Square s, Bitboard occ) const { @@ -455,34 +453,17 @@ Bitboard Position::attackers_to(Square s, Bitboard occ) const { } -/// Position::attacks_from() computes a bitboard of all attacks of a given piece -/// put in a given square. Slider attacks use occ bitboard as occupancy. - -Bitboard Position::attacks_from(Piece p, Square s, Bitboard occ) { - - assert(is_ok(s)); - - switch (type_of(p)) - { - case BISHOP: return attacks_bb(s, occ); - case ROOK : return attacks_bb(s, occ); - case QUEEN : return attacks_bb(s, occ) | attacks_bb(s, occ); - default : return StepAttacksBB[p][s]; - } -} - - -/// Position::pl_move_is_legal() tests whether a pseudo-legal move is legal +/// Position::legal() tests whether a pseudo-legal move is legal -bool Position::pl_move_is_legal(Move m, Bitboard pinned) const { +bool Position::legal(Move m, Bitboard pinned) const { assert(is_ok(m)); - assert(pinned == pinned_pieces()); + assert(pinned == pinned_pieces(sideToMove)); Color us = sideToMove; Square from = from_sq(m); - assert(color_of(piece_moved(m)) == us); + assert(color_of(moved_piece(m)) == us); assert(piece_on(king_square(us)) == make_piece(us, KING)); // En passant captures are a tricky special case. Because they are rather @@ -497,7 +478,7 @@ bool Position::pl_move_is_legal(Move m, Bitboard pinned) const { Bitboard b = (pieces() ^ from ^ capsq) | to; assert(to == ep_square()); - assert(piece_moved(m) == make_piece(us, PAWN)); + assert(moved_piece(m) == make_piece(us, PAWN)); assert(piece_on(capsq) == make_piece(them, PAWN)); assert(piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE); @@ -509,26 +490,26 @@ bool Position::pl_move_is_legal(Move m, Bitboard pinned) const { // square is attacked by the opponent. Castling moves are checked // for legality during move generation. if (type_of(piece_on(from)) == KING) - return type_of(m) == CASTLE || !(attackers_to(to_sq(m)) & pieces(~us)); + return type_of(m) == CASTLING || !(attackers_to(to_sq(m)) & pieces(~us)); // A non-king move is legal if and only if it is not pinned or it // is moving along the ray towards or away from the king. return !pinned || !(pinned & from) - || squares_aligned(from, to_sq(m), king_square(us)); + || aligned(from, to_sq(m), king_square(us)); } -/// Position::is_pseudo_legal() takes a random move and tests whether the move -/// is pseudo legal. It is used to validate moves from TT that can be corrupted +/// Position::pseudo_legal() takes a random move and tests whether the move is +/// pseudo legal. It is used to validate moves from TT that can be corrupted /// due to SMP concurrent access or hash position key aliasing. -bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { +bool Position::pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { Color us = sideToMove; Square from = from_sq(m); Square to = to_sq(m); - Piece pc = piece_moved(m); + Piece pc = moved_piece(m); // Use a slower but simpler function for uncommon cases if (type_of(m) != NORMAL) @@ -538,7 +519,7 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { if (promotion_type(m) - 2 != NO_PIECE_TYPE) return false; - // If the from square is not occupied by a piece belonging to the side to + // If the 'from' square is not occupied by a piece belonging to the side to // move, the move is obviously not legal. if (pc == NO_PIECE || color_of(pc) != us) return false; @@ -550,71 +531,27 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { // Handle the special case of a pawn move if (type_of(pc) == PAWN) { - // Move direction must be compatible with pawn color - int direction = to - from; - if ((us == WHITE) != (direction > 0)) - return false; - // We have already handled promotion moves, so destination - // cannot be on the 8/1th rank. - if (rank_of(to) == RANK_8 || rank_of(to) == RANK_1) + // cannot be on the 8th/1st rank. + if (rank_of(to) == relative_rank(us, RANK_8)) return false; - // Proceed according to the square delta between the origin and - // destination squares. - switch (direction) - { - case DELTA_NW: - case DELTA_NE: - case DELTA_SW: - case DELTA_SE: - // Capture. The destination square must be occupied by an enemy - // piece (en passant captures was handled earlier). - if (piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) != ~us) - return false; - - // From and to files must be one file apart, avoids a7h5 - if (abs(file_of(from) - file_of(to)) != 1) - return false; - break; + if ( !(attacks_from(from, us) & pieces(~us) & to) // Not a capture - case DELTA_N: - case DELTA_S: - // Pawn push. The destination square must be empty. - if (!is_empty(to)) - return false; - break; - - case DELTA_NN: - // Double white pawn push. The destination square must be on the fourth - // rank, and both the destination square and the square between the - // source and destination squares must be empty. - if ( rank_of(to) != RANK_4 - || !is_empty(to) - || !is_empty(from + DELTA_N)) - return false; - break; - - case DELTA_SS: - // Double black pawn push. The destination square must be on the fifth - // rank, and both the destination square and the square between the - // source and destination squares must be empty. - if ( rank_of(to) != RANK_5 - || !is_empty(to) - || !is_empty(from + DELTA_S)) - return false; - break; + && !((from + pawn_push(us) == to) && empty(to)) // Not a single push - default: + && !( (from + 2 * pawn_push(us) == to) // Not a double push + && (rank_of(from) == relative_rank(us, RANK_2)) + && empty(to) + && empty(to - pawn_push(us)))) return false; - } } else if (!(attacks_from(pc, from) & to)) return false; // Evasions generator already takes care to avoid some kind of illegal moves - // and pl_move_is_legal() relies on this. So we have to take care that the - // same kind of moves are filtered out here. + // and legal() relies on this. We therefore have to take care that the same + // kind of moves are filtered out here. if (checkers()) { if (type_of(pc) != KING) @@ -627,8 +564,8 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { if (!((between_bb(lsb(checkers()), king_square(us)) | checkers()) & to)) return false; } - // In case of king moves under check we have to remove king so to catch - // as invalid moves like b1a1 when opposite queen is on c1. + // In case of king moves under check we have to remove king so as to catch + // invalid moves like b1a1 when opposite queen is on c1. else if (attackers_to(to, pieces() ^ from) & pieces(~us)) return false; } @@ -637,45 +574,39 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { } -/// Position::move_gives_check() tests whether a pseudo-legal move gives a check +/// Position::gives_check() tests whether a pseudo-legal move gives a check -bool Position::move_gives_check(Move m, const CheckInfo& ci) const { +bool Position::gives_check(Move m, const CheckInfo& ci) const { assert(is_ok(m)); assert(ci.dcCandidates == discovered_check_candidates()); - assert(color_of(piece_moved(m)) == sideToMove); + assert(color_of(moved_piece(m)) == sideToMove); Square from = from_sq(m); Square to = to_sq(m); PieceType pt = type_of(piece_on(from)); - // Direct check ? + // Is there a direct check? if (ci.checkSq[pt] & to) return true; - // Discovery check ? - if (unlikely(ci.dcCandidates) && (ci.dcCandidates & from)) - { - // For pawn and king moves we need to verify also direction - if ( (pt != PAWN && pt != KING) - || !squares_aligned(from, to, king_square(~sideToMove))) - return true; - } + // Is there a discovered check? + if ( unlikely(ci.dcCandidates) + && (ci.dcCandidates & from) + && !aligned(from, to, ci.ksq)) + return true; - // Can we skip the ugly special cases ? + // Can we skip the ugly special cases? if (type_of(m) == NORMAL) return false; - Color us = sideToMove; - Square ksq = king_square(~us); - switch (type_of(m)) { case PROMOTION: - return attacks_from(Piece(promotion_type(m)), to, pieces() ^ from) & ksq; + return attacks_bb(Piece(promotion_type(m)), to, pieces() ^ from) & ci.ksq; - // En passant capture with check ? We have already handled the case - // of direct checks and ordinary discovered check, the only case we + // En passant capture with check? We have already handled the case + // of direct checks and ordinary discovered check, so the only case we // need to handle is the unusual case of a discovered check through // the captured pawn. case ENPASSANT: @@ -683,18 +614,18 @@ bool Position::move_gives_check(Move m, const CheckInfo& ci) const { Square capsq = file_of(to) | rank_of(from); Bitboard b = (pieces() ^ from ^ capsq) | to; - return (attacks_bb< ROOK>(ksq, b) & pieces(us, QUEEN, ROOK)) - | (attacks_bb(ksq, b) & pieces(us, QUEEN, BISHOP)); + return (attacks_bb< ROOK>(ci.ksq, b) & pieces(sideToMove, QUEEN, ROOK)) + | (attacks_bb(ci.ksq, b) & pieces(sideToMove, QUEEN, BISHOP)); } - case CASTLE: + case CASTLING: { Square kfrom = from; - Square rfrom = to; // 'King captures the rook' notation - Square kto = relative_square(us, rfrom > kfrom ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); - Square rto = relative_square(us, rfrom > kfrom ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); + Square rfrom = to; // Castling is encoded as 'King captures the rook' + Square kto = relative_square(sideToMove, rfrom > kfrom ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); + Square rto = relative_square(sideToMove, rfrom > kfrom ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); - return (PseudoAttacks[ROOK][rto] & ksq) - && (attacks_bb(rto, (pieces() ^ kfrom ^ rfrom) | rto | kto) & ksq); + return (PseudoAttacks[ROOK][rto] & ci.ksq) + && (attacks_bb(rto, (pieces() ^ kfrom ^ rfrom) | rto | kto) & ci.ksq); } default: assert(false); @@ -710,7 +641,7 @@ bool Position::move_gives_check(Move m, const CheckInfo& ci) const { void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt) { CheckInfo ci(*this); - do_move(m, newSt, ci, move_gives_check(m, ci)); + do_move(m, newSt, ci, gives_check(m, ci)); } void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveIsCheck) { @@ -718,12 +649,12 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI assert(is_ok(m)); assert(&newSt != st); - nodes++; + ++nodes; Key k = st->key; - // Copy some fields of old state to our new StateInfo object except the ones - // which are going to be recalculated from scratch anyway, then switch our state - // pointer to point to the new, ready to be updated, state. + // Copy some fields of the old state to our new StateInfo object except the + // ones which are going to be recalculated from scratch anyway and then switch + // our state pointer to point to the new (ready to be updated) state. std::memcpy(&newSt, st, StateCopySize64 * sizeof(uint64_t)); newSt.previous = st; @@ -732,11 +663,11 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI // Update side to move k ^= Zobrist::side; - // Increment ply counters.In particular rule50 will be later reset it to zero + // Increment ply counters. In particular, rule50 will be reset to zero later on // in case of a capture or a pawn move. - gamePly++; - st->rule50++; - st->pliesFromNull++; + ++gamePly; + ++st->rule50; + ++st->pliesFromNull; Color us = sideToMove; Color them = ~us; @@ -744,35 +675,35 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI Square to = to_sq(m); Piece pc = piece_on(from); PieceType pt = type_of(pc); - PieceType capture = type_of(m) == ENPASSANT ? PAWN : type_of(piece_on(to)); + PieceType captured = type_of(m) == ENPASSANT ? PAWN : type_of(piece_on(to)); assert(color_of(pc) == us); - assert(piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) == them || type_of(m) == CASTLE); - assert(capture != KING); + assert(piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) == them || type_of(m) == CASTLING); + assert(captured != KING); - if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) + if (type_of(m) == CASTLING) { assert(pc == make_piece(us, KING)); bool kingSide = to > from; - Square rfrom = to; // Castle is encoded as "king captures friendly rook" + Square rfrom = to; // Castling is encoded as "king captures friendly rook" Square rto = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); to = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); - capture = NO_PIECE_TYPE; + captured = NO_PIECE_TYPE; - do_castle(from, to, rfrom, rto); + do_castling(from, to, rfrom, rto); st->psq += psq[us][ROOK][rto] - psq[us][ROOK][rfrom]; k ^= Zobrist::psq[us][ROOK][rfrom] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][ROOK][rto]; } - if (capture) + if (captured) { Square capsq = to; // If the captured piece is a pawn, update pawn hash key, otherwise // update non-pawn material. - if (capture == PAWN) + if (captured == PAWN) { if (type_of(m) == ENPASSANT) { @@ -790,18 +721,18 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI st->pawnKey ^= Zobrist::psq[them][PAWN][capsq]; } else - st->npMaterial[them] -= PieceValue[MG][capture]; + st->npMaterial[them] -= PieceValue[MG][captured]; // Update board and piece lists - remove_piece(capsq, them, capture); + remove_piece(capsq, them, captured); // Update material hash key and prefetch access to materialTable - k ^= Zobrist::psq[them][capture][capsq]; - st->materialKey ^= Zobrist::psq[them][capture][pieceCount[them][capture]]; + k ^= Zobrist::psq[them][captured][capsq]; + st->materialKey ^= Zobrist::psq[them][captured][pieceCount[them][captured]]; prefetch((char*)thisThread->materialTable[st->materialKey]); // Update incremental scores - st->psq -= psq[them][capture][capsq]; + st->psq -= psq[them][captured][capsq]; // Reset rule 50 counter st->rule50 = 0; @@ -817,25 +748,25 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI st->epSquare = SQ_NONE; } - // Update castle rights if needed - if (st->castleRights && (castleRightsMask[from] | castleRightsMask[to])) + // Update castling rights if needed + if (st->castlingRights && (castlingRightsMask[from] | castlingRightsMask[to])) { - int cr = castleRightsMask[from] | castleRightsMask[to]; - k ^= Zobrist::castle[st->castleRights & cr]; - st->castleRights &= ~cr; + int cr = castlingRightsMask[from] | castlingRightsMask[to]; + k ^= Zobrist::castling[st->castlingRights & cr]; + st->castlingRights &= ~cr; } // Prefetch TT access as soon as we know the new hash key prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(k)); - // Move the piece. The tricky Chess960 castle is handled earlier - if (type_of(m) != CASTLE) + // Move the piece. The tricky Chess960 castling is handled earlier + if (type_of(m) != CASTLING) move_piece(from, to, us, pt); // If the moving piece is a pawn do some special extra work if (pt == PAWN) { - // Set en-passant square, only if moved pawn can be captured + // Set en-passant square if the moved pawn can be captured if ( (int(to) ^ int(from)) == 16 && (attacks_from(from + pawn_push(us), us) & pieces(them, PAWN))) { @@ -878,12 +809,12 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI st->psq += psq[us][pt][to] - psq[us][pt][from]; // Set capture piece - st->capturedType = capture; + st->capturedType = captured; // Update the key with the final value st->key = k; - // Update checkers bitboard, piece must be already moved + // Update checkers bitboard: piece must be already moved st->checkersBB = 0; if (moveIsCheck) @@ -896,7 +827,7 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI if (ci.checkSq[pt] & to) st->checkersBB |= to; - // Discovery checks + // Discovered checks if (ci.dcCandidates && (ci.dcCandidates & from)) { if (pt != ROOK) @@ -928,10 +859,10 @@ void Position::undo_move(Move m) { Square from = from_sq(m); Square to = to_sq(m); PieceType pt = type_of(piece_on(to)); - PieceType capture = st->capturedType; + PieceType captured = st->capturedType; - assert(is_empty(from) || type_of(m) == CASTLE); - assert(capture != KING); + assert(empty(from) || type_of(m) == CASTLING); + assert(captured != KING); if (type_of(m) == PROMOTION) { @@ -946,20 +877,20 @@ void Position::undo_move(Move m) { pt = PAWN; } - if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) + if (type_of(m) == CASTLING) { bool kingSide = to > from; - Square rfrom = to; // Castle is encoded as "king captures friendly rook" + Square rfrom = to; // Castling is encoded as "king captures friendly rook" Square rto = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); to = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); - capture = NO_PIECE_TYPE; + captured = NO_PIECE_TYPE; pt = KING; - do_castle(to, from, rto, rfrom); + do_castling(to, from, rto, rfrom); } else move_piece(to, from, us, pt); // Put the piece back at the source square - if (capture) + if (captured) { Square capsq = to; @@ -973,21 +904,21 @@ void Position::undo_move(Move m) { assert(piece_on(capsq) == NO_PIECE); } - put_piece(capsq, them, capture); // Restore the captured piece + put_piece(capsq, them, captured); // Restore the captured piece } // Finally point our state pointer back to the previous state st = st->previous; - gamePly--; + --gamePly; assert(pos_is_ok()); } -/// Position::do_castle() is a helper used to do/undo a castling move. This +/// Position::do_castling() is a helper used to do/undo a castling move. This /// is a bit tricky, especially in Chess960. -void Position::do_castle(Square kfrom, Square kto, Square rfrom, Square rto) { +void Position::do_castling(Square kfrom, Square kto, Square rfrom, Square rto) { // Remove both pieces first since squares could overlap in Chess960 remove_piece(kfrom, sideToMove, KING); @@ -1019,7 +950,7 @@ void Position::do_null_move(StateInfo& newSt) { st->key ^= Zobrist::side; prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(st->key)); - st->rule50++; + ++st->rule50; st->pliesFromNull = 0; sideToMove = ~sideToMove; @@ -1037,29 +968,27 @@ void Position::undo_null_move() { /// Position::see() is a static exchange evaluator: It tries to estimate the -/// material gain or loss resulting from a move. Parameter 'asymmThreshold' takes -/// tempi into account. If the side who initiated the capturing sequence does the -/// last capture, he loses a tempo and if the result is below 'asymmThreshold' -/// the capturing sequence is considered bad. +/// material gain or loss resulting from a move. -int Position::see_sign(Move m) const { +Value Position::see_sign(Move m) const { assert(is_ok(m)); // Early return if SEE cannot be negative because captured piece value // is not less then capturing one. Note that king moves always return // here because king midgame value is set to 0. - if (PieceValue[MG][piece_moved(m)] <= PieceValue[MG][piece_on(to_sq(m))]) - return 1; + if (PieceValue[MG][moved_piece(m)] <= PieceValue[MG][piece_on(to_sq(m))]) + return VALUE_KNOWN_WIN; return see(m); } -int Position::see(Move m, int asymmThreshold) const { +Value Position::see(Move m) const { Square from, to; Bitboard occupied, attackers, stmAttackers; - int swapList[32], slIndex = 1; + Value swapList[32]; + int slIndex = 1; PieceType captured; Color stm; @@ -1067,15 +996,15 @@ int Position::see(Move m, int asymmThreshold) const { from = from_sq(m); to = to_sq(m); - swapList[0] = PieceValue[MG][type_of(piece_on(to))]; + swapList[0] = PieceValue[MG][piece_on(to)]; stm = color_of(piece_on(from)); occupied = pieces() ^ from; - // Castle moves are implemented as king capturing the rook so cannot be + // Castling moves are implemented as king capturing the rook so cannot be // handled correctly. Simply return 0 that is always the correct value // unless in the rare case the rook ends up under attack. - if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) - return 0; + if (type_of(m) == CASTLING) + return VALUE_ZERO; if (type_of(m) == ENPASSANT) { @@ -1106,35 +1035,29 @@ int Position::see(Move m, int asymmThreshold) const { // Add the new entry to the swap list swapList[slIndex] = -swapList[slIndex - 1] + PieceValue[MG][captured]; - slIndex++; // Locate and remove the next least valuable attacker captured = min_attacker(byTypeBB, to, stmAttackers, occupied, attackers); - stm = ~stm; - stmAttackers = attackers & pieces(stm); // Stop before processing a king capture - if (captured == KING && stmAttackers) + if (captured == KING) { - swapList[slIndex++] = QueenValueMg * 16; + if (stmAttackers == attackers) + ++slIndex; + break; } - } while (stmAttackers); + stm = ~stm; + stmAttackers = attackers & pieces(stm); + ++slIndex; - // If we are doing asymmetric SEE evaluation and the same side does the first - // and the last capture, he loses a tempo and gain must be at least worth - // 'asymmThreshold', otherwise we replace the score with a very low value, - // before negamaxing. - if (asymmThreshold) - for (int i = 0; i < slIndex; i += 2) - if (swapList[i] < asymmThreshold) - swapList[i] = - QueenValueMg * 16; + } while (stmAttackers); // Having built the swap list, we negamax through it to find the best // achievable score from the point of view of the side to move. while (--slIndex) - swapList[slIndex-1] = std::min(-swapList[slIndex], swapList[slIndex-1]); + swapList[slIndex - 1] = std::min(-swapList[slIndex], swapList[slIndex - 1]); return swapList[0]; } @@ -1149,20 +1072,20 @@ void Position::clear() { startState.epSquare = SQ_NONE; st = &startState; - for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) - for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++) - pieceList[0][i][j] = pieceList[1][i][j] = SQ_NONE; + for (int i = 0; i < PIECE_TYPE_NB; ++i) + for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) + pieceList[WHITE][i][j] = pieceList[BLACK][i][j] = SQ_NONE; } /// Position::compute_key() computes the hash key of the position. The hash -/// key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade, the +/// key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade. The /// compute_key() function is only used when a new position is set up, and /// to verify the correctness of the hash key when running in debug mode. Key Position::compute_key() const { - Key k = Zobrist::castle[st->castleRights]; + Key k = Zobrist::castling[st->castlingRights]; for (Bitboard b = pieces(); b; ) { @@ -1181,8 +1104,8 @@ Key Position::compute_key() const { /// Position::compute_pawn_key() computes the hash key of the position. The -/// hash key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade, -/// the compute_pawn_key() function is only used when a new position is set +/// hash key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade. +/// The compute_pawn_key() function is only used when a new position is set /// up, and to verify the correctness of the pawn hash key when running in /// debug mode. @@ -1201,8 +1124,8 @@ Key Position::compute_pawn_key() const { /// Position::compute_material_key() computes the hash key of the position. -/// The hash key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade, -/// the compute_material_key() function is only used when a new position is set +/// The hash key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade. +/// The compute_material_key() function is only used when a new position is set /// up, and to verify the correctness of the material hash key when running in /// debug mode. @@ -1210,19 +1133,20 @@ Key Position::compute_material_key() const { Key k = 0; - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= QUEEN; pt++) - for (int cnt = 0; cnt < pieceCount[c][pt]; cnt++) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt) + for (int cnt = 0; cnt < pieceCount[c][pt]; ++cnt) k ^= Zobrist::psq[c][pt][cnt]; return k; } -/// Position::compute_psq_score() computes the incremental scores for the middle -/// game and the endgame. These functions are used to initialize the incremental -/// scores when a new position is set up, and to verify that the scores are correctly +/// Position::compute_psq_score() computes the incremental scores for the middlegame +/// and the endgame. These functions are used to initialize the incremental scores +/// when a new position is set up, and to verify that the scores are correctly /// updated by do_move and undo_move when the program is running in debug mode. + Score Position::compute_psq_score() const { Score score = SCORE_ZERO; @@ -1238,52 +1162,41 @@ Score Position::compute_psq_score() const { } -/// Position::compute_non_pawn_material() computes the total non-pawn middle -/// game material value for the given side. Material values are updated -/// incrementally during the search, this function is only used while -/// initializing a new Position object. +/// Position::compute_non_pawn_material() computes the total non-pawn middlegame +/// material value for the given side. Material values are updated incrementally +/// during the search. This function is only used when initializing a new Position +/// object. Value Position::compute_non_pawn_material(Color c) const { Value value = VALUE_ZERO; - for (PieceType pt = KNIGHT; pt <= QUEEN; pt++) + for (PieceType pt = KNIGHT; pt <= QUEEN; ++pt) value += pieceCount[c][pt] * PieceValue[MG][pt]; return value; } -/// Position::is_draw() tests whether the position is drawn by material, -/// repetition, or the 50 moves rule. It does not detect stalemates, this -/// must be done by the search. +/// Position::is_draw() tests whether the position is drawn by material, 50 moves +/// rule or repetition. It does not detect stalemates. + bool Position::is_draw() const { - // Draw by material? if ( !pieces(PAWN) && (non_pawn_material(WHITE) + non_pawn_material(BLACK) <= BishopValueMg)) return true; - // Draw by the 50 moves rule? if (st->rule50 > 99 && (!checkers() || MoveList(*this).size())) return true; - // Draw by repetition? - int i = 4, e = std::min(st->rule50, st->pliesFromNull); - - if (i <= e) + StateInfo* stp = st; + for (int i = 2, e = std::min(st->rule50, st->pliesFromNull); i <= e; i += 2) { - StateInfo* stp = st->previous->previous; + stp = stp->previous->previous; - do { - stp = stp->previous->previous; - - if (stp->key == st->key) - return true; - - i += 2; - - } while (i <= e); + if (stp->key == st->key) + return true; // Draw at first repetition } return false; @@ -1291,10 +1204,10 @@ bool Position::is_draw() const { /// Position::flip() flips position with the white and black sides reversed. This -/// is only useful for debugging especially for finding evaluation symmetry bugs. +/// is only useful for debugging e.g. for finding evaluation symmetry bugs. static char toggle_case(char c) { - return isupper(c) ? tolower(c) : toupper(c); + return char(islower(c) ? toupper(c) : tolower(c)); } void Position::flip() { @@ -1302,24 +1215,24 @@ void Position::flip() { string f, token; std::stringstream ss(fen()); - for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) + for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; --rank) // Piece placement { - std::getline(ss, token, i < 7 ? '/' : ' '); - std::transform(token.begin(), token.end(), token.begin(), toggle_case); - f.insert(0, token + (i ? "/" : " ")); + std::getline(ss, token, rank > RANK_1 ? '/' : ' '); + f.insert(0, token + (f.empty() ? " " : "/")); } - ss >> token; // Side to move - f += (token == "w" ? "b " : "w "); + ss >> token; // Active color + f += (token == "w" ? "B " : "W "); // Will be lowercased later - ss >> token; // Castling flags - std::transform(token.begin(), token.end(), token.begin(), toggle_case); + ss >> token; // Castling availability f += token + " "; - ss >> token; // En-passant square + std::transform(f.begin(), f.end(), f.begin(), toggle_case); + + ss >> token; // En passant square f += (token == "-" ? token : token.replace(1, 1, token[1] == '3' ? "6" : "3")); - std::getline(ss, token); // Full and half moves + std::getline(ss, token); // Half and full moves f += token; set(f, is_chess960(), this_thread()); @@ -1328,7 +1241,7 @@ void Position::flip() { } -/// Position::pos_is_ok() performs some consitency checks for the position object. +/// Position::pos_is_ok() performs some consistency checks for the position object. /// This is meant to be helpful when debugging. bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { @@ -1349,7 +1262,7 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { const bool debugNonPawnMaterial = all || false; const bool debugPieceCounts = all || false; const bool debugPieceList = all || false; - const bool debugCastleSquares = all || false; + const bool debugCastlingSquares = all || false; *step = 1; @@ -1366,9 +1279,9 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { { int kingCount[COLOR_NB] = {}; - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; ++s) if (type_of(piece_on(s)) == KING) - kingCount[color_of(piece_on(s))]++; + ++kingCount[color_of(piece_on(s))]; if (kingCount[0] != 1 || kingCount[1] != 1) return false; @@ -1393,8 +1306,8 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { return false; // Separate piece type bitboards must have empty intersections - for (PieceType p1 = PAWN; p1 <= KING; p1++) - for (PieceType p2 = PAWN; p2 <= KING; p2++) + for (PieceType p1 = PAWN; p1 <= KING; ++p1) + for (PieceType p2 = PAWN; p2 <= KING; ++p2) if (p1 != p2 && (pieces(p1) & pieces(p2))) return false; } @@ -1420,31 +1333,29 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { return false; if ((*step)++, debugPieceCounts) - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt) if (pieceCount[c][pt] != popcount(pieces(c, pt))) return false; if ((*step)++, debugPieceList) - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) - for (int i = 0; i < pieceCount[c][pt]; i++) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; ++pt) + for (int i = 0; i < pieceCount[c][pt]; ++i) if ( board[pieceList[c][pt][i]] != make_piece(c, pt) || index[pieceList[c][pt][i]] != i) return false; - if ((*step)++, debugCastleSquares) - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) + if ((*step)++, debugCastlingSquares) + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; ++c) for (CastlingSide s = KING_SIDE; s <= QUEEN_SIDE; s = CastlingSide(s + 1)) { - CastleRight cr = make_castle_right(c, s); - - if (!can_castle(cr)) + if (!can_castle(c | s)) continue; - if ( (castleRightsMask[king_square(c)] & cr) != cr - || piece_on(castleRookSquare[c][s]) != make_piece(c, ROOK) - || castleRightsMask[castleRookSquare[c][s]] != cr) + if ( (castlingRightsMask[king_square(c)] & (c | s)) != (c | s) + || piece_on(castlingRookSquare[c | s]) != make_piece(c, ROOK) + || castlingRightsMask[castlingRookSquare[c | s]] != (c | s)) return false; }