X-Git-Url: https://git.sesse.net/?p=stockfish;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fposition.cpp;h=6885b135cafad835c691087a336ba9d66708228e;hp=0ed2fff4db4007737aeab8216ebc4a51e87d350f;hb=490f67a3f89449e243c3e85feb13679f388d9e22;hpb=158014b39d69eaaf791d4913b98ffde5c4d7a874 diff --git a/src/position.cpp b/src/position.cpp index 0ed2fff4..6885b135 100644 --- a/src/position.cpp +++ b/src/position.cpp @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author) - Copyright (C) 2008-2012 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad + Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by @@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ along with this program. If not, see . */ +#include #include #include +#include #include #include -#include #include "bitcount.h" #include "movegen.h" @@ -40,96 +41,50 @@ static const string PieceToChar(" PNBRQK pnbrqk"); CACHE_LINE_ALIGNMENT -Score pieceSquareTable[PIECE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; +Score psq[COLOR_NB][PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; Value PieceValue[PHASE_NB][PIECE_NB] = { { VALUE_ZERO, PawnValueMg, KnightValueMg, BishopValueMg, RookValueMg, QueenValueMg }, { VALUE_ZERO, PawnValueEg, KnightValueEg, BishopValueEg, RookValueEg, QueenValueEg } }; namespace Zobrist { -Key psq[COLOR_NB][PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; -Key enpassant[FILE_NB]; -Key castle[CASTLE_RIGHT_NB]; -Key side; -Key exclusion; - -/// init() initializes at startup the various arrays used to compute hash keys -/// and the piece square tables. The latter is a two-step operation: First, the -/// white halves of the tables are copied from PSQT[] tables. Second, the black -/// halves of the tables are initialized by flipping and changing the sign of -/// the white scores. - -void init() { - - RKISS rk; - - for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) - psq[c][pt][s] = rk.rand(); - - for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; f++) - enpassant[f] = rk.rand(); - - for (int cr = CASTLES_NONE; cr <= ALL_CASTLES; cr++) - { - Bitboard b = cr; - while (b) - { - Key k = castle[1ULL << pop_lsb(&b)]; - castle[cr] ^= k ? k : rk.rand(); - } - } - - side = rk.rand(); - exclusion = rk.rand(); - - for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) - { - PieceValue[MG][make_piece(BLACK, pt)] = PieceValue[MG][pt]; - PieceValue[EG][make_piece(BLACK, pt)] = PieceValue[EG][pt]; - - Score v = make_score(PieceValue[MG][pt], PieceValue[EG][pt]); - - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) - { - pieceSquareTable[make_piece(WHITE, pt)][ s] = (v + PSQT[pt][s]); - pieceSquareTable[make_piece(BLACK, pt)][~s] = -(v + PSQT[pt][s]); - } - } + Key psq[COLOR_NB][PIECE_TYPE_NB][SQUARE_NB]; + Key enpassant[FILE_NB]; + Key castle[CASTLE_RIGHT_NB]; + Key side; + Key exclusion; } -} // namespace Zobrist - +Key Position::exclusion_key() const { return st->key ^ Zobrist::exclusion;} namespace { -/// next_attacker() is an helper function used by see() to locate the least -/// valuable attacker for the side to move, remove the attacker we just found -/// from the 'occupied' bitboard and scan for new X-ray attacks behind it. +// min_attacker() is an helper function used by see() to locate the least +// valuable attacker for the side to move, remove the attacker we just found +// from the bitboards and scan for new X-ray attacks behind it. template FORCE_INLINE -PieceType next_attacker(const Bitboard* bb, const Square& to, const Bitboard& stmAttackers, - Bitboard& occupied, Bitboard& attackers) { +PieceType min_attacker(const Bitboard* bb, const Square& to, const Bitboard& stmAttackers, + Bitboard& occupied, Bitboard& attackers) { - if (stmAttackers & bb[Pt]) - { - Bitboard b = stmAttackers & bb[Pt]; - occupied ^= b & ~(b - 1); + Bitboard b = stmAttackers & bb[Pt]; + if (!b) + return min_attacker(bb, to, stmAttackers, occupied, attackers); - if (Pt == PAWN || Pt == BISHOP || Pt == QUEEN) - attackers |= attacks_bb(to, occupied) & (bb[BISHOP] | bb[QUEEN]); + occupied ^= b & ~(b - 1); - if (Pt == ROOK || Pt == QUEEN) - attackers |= attacks_bb(to, occupied) & (bb[ROOK] | bb[QUEEN]); + if (Pt == PAWN || Pt == BISHOP || Pt == QUEEN) + attackers |= attacks_bb(to, occupied) & (bb[BISHOP] | bb[QUEEN]); - return (PieceType)Pt; - } - return next_attacker(bb, to, stmAttackers, occupied, attackers); + if (Pt == ROOK || Pt == QUEEN) + attackers |= attacks_bb(to, occupied) & (bb[ROOK] | bb[QUEEN]); + + attackers &= occupied; // After X-ray that may add already processed pieces + return (PieceType)Pt; } template<> FORCE_INLINE -PieceType next_attacker(const Bitboard*, const Square&, const Bitboard&, Bitboard&, Bitboard&) { +PieceType min_attacker(const Bitboard*, const Square&, const Bitboard&, Bitboard&, Bitboard&) { return KING; // No need to update bitboards, it is the last cycle } @@ -155,13 +110,60 @@ CheckInfo::CheckInfo(const Position& pos) { } +/// Position::init() initializes at startup the various arrays used to compute +/// hash keys and the piece square tables. The latter is a two-step operation: +/// First, the white halves of the tables are copied from PSQT[] tables. Second, +/// the black halves of the tables are initialized by flipping and changing the +/// sign of the white scores. + +void Position::init() { + + RKISS rk; + + for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + Zobrist::psq[c][pt][s] = rk.rand(); + + for (File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; f++) + Zobrist::enpassant[f] = rk.rand(); + + for (int cr = CASTLES_NONE; cr <= ALL_CASTLES; cr++) + { + Bitboard b = cr; + while (b) + { + Key k = Zobrist::castle[1ULL << pop_lsb(&b)]; + Zobrist::castle[cr] ^= k ? k : rk.rand(); + } + } + + Zobrist::side = rk.rand(); + Zobrist::exclusion = rk.rand(); + + for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) + { + PieceValue[MG][make_piece(BLACK, pt)] = PieceValue[MG][pt]; + PieceValue[EG][make_piece(BLACK, pt)] = PieceValue[EG][pt]; + + Score v = make_score(PieceValue[MG][pt], PieceValue[EG][pt]); + + for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) + { + psq[WHITE][pt][ s] = (v + PSQT[pt][s]); + psq[BLACK][pt][~s] = -(v + PSQT[pt][s]); + } + } +} + + /// Position::operator=() creates a copy of 'pos'. We want the new born Position /// object do not depend on any external data so we detach state pointer from /// the source one. Position& Position::operator=(const Position& pos) { - memcpy(this, &pos, sizeof(Position)); + std::memcpy(this, &pos, sizeof(Position)); startState = *st; st = &startState; nodes = 0; @@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { else if ((p = PieceToChar.find(token)) != string::npos) { - put_piece(Piece(p), sq); + put_piece(sq, color_of(Piece(p)), type_of(Piece(p))); sq++; } } @@ -278,16 +280,16 @@ void Position::set(const string& fenStr, bool isChess960, Thread* th) { } // 5-6. Halfmove clock and fullmove number - ss >> std::skipws >> st->rule50 >> startPosPly; + ss >> std::skipws >> st->rule50 >> gamePly; // Convert from fullmove starting from 1 to ply starting from 0, // handle also common incorrect FEN with fullmove = 0. - startPosPly = std::max(2 * (startPosPly - 1), 0) + int(sideToMove == BLACK); + gamePly = std::max(2 * (gamePly - 1), 0) + int(sideToMove == BLACK); st->key = compute_key(); st->pawnKey = compute_pawn_key(); st->materialKey = compute_material_key(); - st->psqScore = compute_psq_score(); + st->psq = compute_psq_score(); st->npMaterial[WHITE] = compute_non_pawn_material(WHITE); st->npMaterial[BLACK] = compute_non_pawn_material(BLACK); st->checkersBB = attackers_to(king_square(sideToMove)) & pieces(~sideToMove); @@ -331,33 +333,26 @@ void Position::set_castle_right(Color c, Square rfrom) { const string Position::fen() const { std::ostringstream ss; - Square sq; - int emptyCnt; for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; rank--) { - emptyCnt = 0; - for (File file = FILE_A; file <= FILE_H; file++) { - sq = file | rank; + Square sq = file | rank; if (is_empty(sq)) - emptyCnt++; - else { - if (emptyCnt > 0) - { - ss << emptyCnt; - emptyCnt = 0; - } - ss << PieceToChar[piece_on(sq)]; + int emptyCnt = 1; + + for ( ; file < FILE_H && is_empty(sq++); file++) + emptyCnt++; + + ss << emptyCnt; } + else + ss << PieceToChar[piece_on(sq)]; } - if (emptyCnt > 0) - ss << emptyCnt; - if (rank > RANK_1) ss << '/'; } @@ -365,22 +360,22 @@ const string Position::fen() const { ss << (sideToMove == WHITE ? " w " : " b "); if (can_castle(WHITE_OO)) - ss << (chess960 ? char(toupper(file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(WHITE, KING_SIDE))))) : 'K'); + ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(WHITE, KING_SIDE)), false) : 'K'); if (can_castle(WHITE_OOO)) - ss << (chess960 ? char(toupper(file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(WHITE, QUEEN_SIDE))))) : 'Q'); + ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(WHITE, QUEEN_SIDE)), false) : 'Q'); if (can_castle(BLACK_OO)) - ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(BLACK, KING_SIDE))) : 'k'); + ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(BLACK, KING_SIDE)), true) : 'k'); if (can_castle(BLACK_OOO)) - ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(BLACK, QUEEN_SIDE))) : 'q'); + ss << (chess960 ? file_to_char(file_of(castle_rook_square(BLACK, QUEEN_SIDE)), true) : 'q'); if (st->castleRights == CASTLES_NONE) ss << '-'; ss << (ep_square() == SQ_NONE ? " - " : " " + square_to_string(ep_square()) + " ") - << st->rule50 << " " << 1 + (startPosPly - int(sideToMove == BLACK)) / 2; + << st->rule50 << " " << 1 + (gamePly - int(sideToMove == BLACK)) / 2; return ss.str(); } @@ -397,51 +392,54 @@ const string Position::pretty(Move move) const { string brd = twoRows + twoRows + twoRows + twoRows + dottedLine; + for (Bitboard b = pieces(); b; ) + { + Square s = pop_lsb(&b); + brd[513 - 68 * rank_of(s) + 4 * file_of(s)] = PieceToChar[piece_on(s)]; + } + std::ostringstream ss; if (move) - ss << "\nMove is: " << (sideToMove == BLACK ? ".." : "") + ss << "\nMove: " << (sideToMove == BLACK ? ".." : "") << move_to_san(*const_cast(this), move); - for (Square sq = SQ_A1; sq <= SQ_H8; sq++) - if (piece_on(sq) != NO_PIECE) - brd[513 - 68*rank_of(sq) + 4*file_of(sq)] = PieceToChar[piece_on(sq)]; + ss << brd << "\nFen: " << fen() << "\nKey: " << std::hex << std::uppercase + << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(16) << st->key << "\nCheckers: "; + + for (Bitboard b = checkers(); b; ) + ss << square_to_string(pop_lsb(&b)) << " "; + + ss << "\nLegal moves: "; + for (MoveList it(*this); *it; ++it) + ss << move_to_san(*const_cast(this), *it) << " "; - ss << brd << "\nFen is: " << fen() << "\nKey is: " << st->key; return ss.str(); } -/// Position:hidden_checkers<>() returns a bitboard of all pinned (against the -/// king) pieces for the given color. Or, when template parameter FindPinned is -/// false, the function return the pieces of the given color candidate for a -/// discovery check against the enemy king. -template -Bitboard Position::hidden_checkers() const { +/// Position:hidden_checkers() returns a bitboard of all pinned / discovery check +/// pieces, according to the call parameters. Pinned pieces protect our king, +/// discovery check pieces attack the enemy king. + +Bitboard Position::hidden_checkers(Square ksq, Color c) const { - // Pinned pieces protect our king, dicovery checks attack the enemy king - Bitboard b, result = 0; - Bitboard pinners = pieces(FindPinned ? ~sideToMove : sideToMove); - Square ksq = king_square(FindPinned ? sideToMove : ~sideToMove); + Bitboard b, pinners, result = 0; - // Pinners are sliders, that give check when candidate pinned is removed - pinners &= (pieces(ROOK, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[ROOK][ksq]) - | (pieces(BISHOP, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][ksq]); + // Pinners are sliders that give check when pinned piece is removed + pinners = ( (pieces( ROOK, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[ROOK ][ksq]) + | (pieces(BISHOP, QUEEN) & PseudoAttacks[BISHOP][ksq])) & pieces(c); while (pinners) { b = between_bb(ksq, pop_lsb(&pinners)) & pieces(); - if (b && !more_than_one(b) && (b & pieces(sideToMove))) - result |= b; + if (!more_than_one(b)) + result |= b & pieces(sideToMove); } return result; } -// Explicit template instantiations -template Bitboard Position::hidden_checkers() const; -template Bitboard Position::hidden_checkers() const; - /// Position::attackers_to() computes a bitboard of all pieces which attack a /// given square. Slider attacks use occ bitboard as occupancy. @@ -521,20 +519,6 @@ bool Position::pl_move_is_legal(Move m, Bitboard pinned) const { } -/// Position::move_is_legal() takes a random move and tests whether the move -/// is legal. This version is not very fast and should be used only in non -/// time-critical paths. - -bool Position::move_is_legal(const Move m) const { - - for (MoveList ml(*this); !ml.end(); ++ml) - if (ml.move() == m) - return true; - - return false; -} - - /// Position::is_pseudo_legal() takes a random move and tests whether the move /// is pseudo legal. It is used to validate moves from TT that can be corrupted /// due to SMP concurrent access or hash position key aliasing. @@ -542,14 +526,13 @@ bool Position::move_is_legal(const Move m) const { bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { Color us = sideToMove; - Color them = ~sideToMove; Square from = from_sq(m); Square to = to_sq(m); Piece pc = piece_moved(m); // Use a slower but simpler function for uncommon cases if (type_of(m) != NORMAL) - return move_is_legal(m); + return MoveList(*this).contains(m); // Is not a promotion, so promotion piece must be empty if (promotion_type(m) - 2 != NO_PIECE_TYPE) @@ -561,7 +544,7 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { return false; // The destination square cannot be occupied by a friendly piece - if (piece_on(to) != NO_PIECE && color_of(piece_on(to)) == us) + if (pieces(us) & to) return false; // Handle the special case of a pawn move @@ -587,7 +570,7 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { case DELTA_SE: // Capture. The destination square must be occupied by an enemy // piece (en passant captures was handled earlier). - if (piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) != them) + if (piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) != ~us) return false; // From and to files must be one file apart, avoids a7h5 @@ -632,18 +615,16 @@ bool Position::is_pseudo_legal(const Move m) const { // Evasions generator already takes care to avoid some kind of illegal moves // and pl_move_is_legal() relies on this. So we have to take care that the // same kind of moves are filtered out here. - if (in_check()) + if (checkers()) { if (type_of(pc) != KING) { - Bitboard b = checkers(); - Square checksq = pop_lsb(&b); - - if (b) // double check ? In this case a king move is required + // Double check? In this case a king move is required + if (more_than_one(checkers())) return false; // Our move must be a blocking evasion or a capture of the checking piece - if (!((between_bb(checksq, king_square(us)) | checkers()) & to)) + if (!((between_bb(lsb(checkers()), king_square(us)) | checkers()) & to)) return false; } // In case of king moves under check we have to remove king so to catch @@ -673,7 +654,7 @@ bool Position::move_gives_check(Move m, const CheckInfo& ci) const { return true; // Discovery check ? - if (ci.dcCandidates && (ci.dcCandidates & from)) + if (unlikely(ci.dcCandidates) && (ci.dcCandidates & from)) { // For pawn and king moves we need to verify also direction if ( (pt != PAWN && pt != KING) @@ -711,9 +692,9 @@ bool Position::move_gives_check(Move m, const CheckInfo& ci) const { Square rfrom = to; // 'King captures the rook' notation Square kto = relative_square(us, rfrom > kfrom ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); Square rto = relative_square(us, rfrom > kfrom ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); - Bitboard b = (pieces() ^ kfrom ^ rfrom) | rto | kto; - return attacks_bb(rto, b) & ksq; + return (PseudoAttacks[ROOK][rto] & ksq) + && (attacks_bb(rto, (pieces() ^ kfrom ^ rfrom) | rto | kto) & ksq); } default: assert(false); @@ -743,7 +724,7 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI // Copy some fields of old state to our new StateInfo object except the ones // which are going to be recalculated from scratch anyway, then switch our state // pointer to point to the new, ready to be updated, state. - memcpy(&newSt, st, StateCopySize64 * sizeof(uint64_t)); + std::memcpy(&newSt, st, StateCopySize64 * sizeof(uint64_t)); newSt.previous = st; st = &newSt; @@ -751,30 +732,40 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI // Update side to move k ^= Zobrist::side; - // Increment the 50 moves rule draw counter. Resetting it to zero in the - // case of a capture or a pawn move is taken care of later. + // Increment ply counters.In particular rule50 will be later reset it to zero + // in case of a capture or a pawn move. + gamePly++; st->rule50++; st->pliesFromNull++; - if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) - { - st->key = k; - do_castle_move(m); - return; - } - Color us = sideToMove; Color them = ~us; Square from = from_sq(m); Square to = to_sq(m); - Piece piece = piece_on(from); - PieceType pt = type_of(piece); + Piece pc = piece_on(from); + PieceType pt = type_of(pc); PieceType capture = type_of(m) == ENPASSANT ? PAWN : type_of(piece_on(to)); - assert(color_of(piece) == us); - assert(piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) == them); + assert(color_of(pc) == us); + assert(piece_on(to) == NO_PIECE || color_of(piece_on(to)) == them || type_of(m) == CASTLE); assert(capture != KING); + if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) + { + assert(pc == make_piece(us, KING)); + + bool kingSide = to > from; + Square rfrom = to; // Castle is encoded as "king captures friendly rook" + Square rto = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); + to = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); + capture = NO_PIECE_TYPE; + + do_castle(from, to, rfrom, rto); + + st->psq += psq[us][ROOK][rto] - psq[us][ROOK][rfrom]; + k ^= Zobrist::psq[us][ROOK][rfrom] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][ROOK][rto]; + } + if (capture) { Square capsq = to; @@ -801,29 +792,16 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI else st->npMaterial[them] -= PieceValue[MG][capture]; - // Remove the captured piece - byTypeBB[ALL_PIECES] ^= capsq; - byTypeBB[capture] ^= capsq; - byColorBB[them] ^= capsq; - - // Update piece list, move the last piece at index[capsq] position and - // shrink the list. - // - // WARNING: This is a not revresible operation. When we will reinsert the - // captured piece in undo_move() we will put it at the end of the list and - // not in its original place, it means index[] and pieceList[] are not - // guaranteed to be invariant to a do_move() + undo_move() sequence. - Square lastSquare = pieceList[them][capture][--pieceCount[them][capture]]; - index[lastSquare] = index[capsq]; - pieceList[them][capture][index[lastSquare]] = lastSquare; - pieceList[them][capture][pieceCount[them][capture]] = SQ_NONE; - - // Update hash keys + // Update board and piece lists + remove_piece(capsq, them, capture); + + // Update material hash key and prefetch access to materialTable k ^= Zobrist::psq[them][capture][capsq]; st->materialKey ^= Zobrist::psq[them][capture][pieceCount[them][capture]]; + prefetch((char*)thisThread->materialTable[st->materialKey]); // Update incremental scores - st->psqScore -= pieceSquareTable[make_piece(them, capture)][capsq]; + st->psq -= psq[them][capture][capsq]; // Reset rule 50 counter st->rule50 = 0; @@ -847,22 +825,12 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI st->castleRights &= ~cr; } - // Prefetch TT access as soon as we know key is updated + // Prefetch TT access as soon as we know the new hash key prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(k)); - // Move the piece - Bitboard from_to_bb = SquareBB[from] ^ SquareBB[to]; - byTypeBB[ALL_PIECES] ^= from_to_bb; - byTypeBB[pt] ^= from_to_bb; - byColorBB[us] ^= from_to_bb; - - board[to] = board[from]; - board[from] = NO_PIECE; - - // Update piece lists, index[from] is not updated and becomes stale. This - // works as long as index[] is accessed just by known occupied squares. - index[to] = index[from]; - pieceList[us][pt][index[to]] = to; + // Move the piece. The tricky Chess960 castle is handled earlier + if (type_of(m) != CASTLE) + move_piece(from, to, us, pt); // If the moving piece is a pawn do some special extra work if (pt == PAWN) @@ -882,47 +850,32 @@ void Position::do_move(Move m, StateInfo& newSt, const CheckInfo& ci, bool moveI assert(relative_rank(us, to) == RANK_8); assert(promotion >= KNIGHT && promotion <= QUEEN); - // Replace the pawn with the promoted piece - byTypeBB[PAWN] ^= to; - byTypeBB[promotion] |= to; - board[to] = make_piece(us, promotion); - - // Update piece lists, move the last pawn at index[to] position - // and shrink the list. Add a new promotion piece to the list. - Square lastSquare = pieceList[us][PAWN][--pieceCount[us][PAWN]]; - index[lastSquare] = index[to]; - pieceList[us][PAWN][index[lastSquare]] = lastSquare; - pieceList[us][PAWN][pieceCount[us][PAWN]] = SQ_NONE; - index[to] = pieceCount[us][promotion]; - pieceList[us][promotion][index[to]] = to; + remove_piece(to, us, PAWN); + put_piece(to, us, promotion); // Update hash keys k ^= Zobrist::psq[us][PAWN][to] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][promotion][to]; st->pawnKey ^= Zobrist::psq[us][PAWN][to]; - st->materialKey ^= Zobrist::psq[us][promotion][pieceCount[us][promotion]++] + st->materialKey ^= Zobrist::psq[us][promotion][pieceCount[us][promotion]-1] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][PAWN][pieceCount[us][PAWN]]; // Update incremental score - st->psqScore += pieceSquareTable[make_piece(us, promotion)][to] - - pieceSquareTable[make_piece(us, PAWN)][to]; + st->psq += psq[us][promotion][to] - psq[us][PAWN][to]; // Update material st->npMaterial[us] += PieceValue[MG][promotion]; } - // Update pawn hash key + // Update pawn hash key and prefetch access to pawnsTable st->pawnKey ^= Zobrist::psq[us][PAWN][from] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][PAWN][to]; + prefetch((char*)thisThread->pawnsTable[st->pawnKey]); // Reset rule 50 draw counter st->rule50 = 0; } - // Prefetch pawn and material hash tables - prefetch((char*)thisThread->pawnsTable[st->pawnKey]); - prefetch((char*)thisThread->materialTable[st->materialKey]); - // Update incremental scores - st->psqScore += psq_delta(piece, from, to); + st->psq += psq[us][pt][to] - psq[us][pt][from]; // Set capture piece st->capturedType = capture; @@ -970,22 +923,14 @@ void Position::undo_move(Move m) { sideToMove = ~sideToMove; - if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) - { - do_castle_move(m); - return; - } - Color us = sideToMove; Color them = ~us; Square from = from_sq(m); Square to = to_sq(m); - Piece piece = piece_on(to); - PieceType pt = type_of(piece); + PieceType pt = type_of(piece_on(to)); PieceType capture = st->capturedType; - assert(is_empty(from)); - assert(color_of(piece) == us); + assert(is_empty(from) || type_of(m) == CASTLE); assert(capture != KING); if (type_of(m) == PROMOTION) @@ -996,36 +941,23 @@ void Position::undo_move(Move m) { assert(relative_rank(us, to) == RANK_8); assert(promotion >= KNIGHT && promotion <= QUEEN); - // Replace the promoted piece with the pawn - byTypeBB[promotion] ^= to; - byTypeBB[PAWN] |= to; - board[to] = make_piece(us, PAWN); - - // Update piece lists, move the last promoted piece at index[to] position - // and shrink the list. Add a new pawn to the list. - Square lastSquare = pieceList[us][promotion][--pieceCount[us][promotion]]; - index[lastSquare] = index[to]; - pieceList[us][promotion][index[lastSquare]] = lastSquare; - pieceList[us][promotion][pieceCount[us][promotion]] = SQ_NONE; - index[to] = pieceCount[us][PAWN]++; - pieceList[us][PAWN][index[to]] = to; - + remove_piece(to, us, promotion); + put_piece(to, us, PAWN); pt = PAWN; } - // Put the piece back at the source square - Bitboard from_to_bb = SquareBB[from] ^ SquareBB[to]; - byTypeBB[ALL_PIECES] ^= from_to_bb; - byTypeBB[pt] ^= from_to_bb; - byColorBB[us] ^= from_to_bb; - - board[from] = board[to]; - board[to] = NO_PIECE; - - // Update piece lists, index[to] is not updated and becomes stale. This - // works as long as index[] is accessed just by known occupied squares. - index[from] = index[to]; - pieceList[us][pt][index[from]] = from; + if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) + { + bool kingSide = to > from; + Square rfrom = to; // Castle is encoded as "king captures friendly rook" + Square rto = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_F1 : SQ_D1); + to = relative_square(us, kingSide ? SQ_G1 : SQ_C1); + capture = NO_PIECE_TYPE; + pt = KING; + do_castle(to, from, rto, rfrom); + } + else + move_piece(to, from, us, pt); // Put the piece back at the source square if (capture) { @@ -1041,169 +973,74 @@ void Position::undo_move(Move m) { assert(piece_on(capsq) == NO_PIECE); } - // Restore the captured piece - byTypeBB[ALL_PIECES] |= capsq; - byTypeBB[capture] |= capsq; - byColorBB[them] |= capsq; - - board[capsq] = make_piece(them, capture); - - // Update piece list, add a new captured piece in capsq square - index[capsq] = pieceCount[them][capture]++; - pieceList[them][capture][index[capsq]] = capsq; + put_piece(capsq, them, capture); // Restore the captured piece } // Finally point our state pointer back to the previous state st = st->previous; + gamePly--; assert(pos_is_ok()); } -/// Position::do_castle_move() is a private method used to do/undo a castling -/// move. Note that castling moves are encoded as "king captures friendly rook" -/// moves, for instance white short castling in a non-Chess960 game is encoded -/// as e1h1. -template -void Position::do_castle_move(Move m) { - - assert(is_ok(m)); - assert(type_of(m) == CASTLE); +/// Position::do_castle() is a helper used to do/undo a castling move. This +/// is a bit tricky, especially in Chess960. - Square kto, kfrom, rfrom, rto, kAfter, rAfter; +void Position::do_castle(Square kfrom, Square kto, Square rfrom, Square rto) { - Color us = sideToMove; - Square kBefore = from_sq(m); - Square rBefore = to_sq(m); + // Remove both pieces first since squares could overlap in Chess960 + remove_piece(kfrom, sideToMove, KING); + remove_piece(rfrom, sideToMove, ROOK); + board[kfrom] = board[rfrom] = NO_PIECE; // Since remove_piece doesn't do it for us + put_piece(kto, sideToMove, KING); + put_piece(rto, sideToMove, ROOK); +} - // Find after-castle squares for king and rook - if (rBefore > kBefore) // O-O - { - kAfter = relative_square(us, SQ_G1); - rAfter = relative_square(us, SQ_F1); - } - else // O-O-O - { - kAfter = relative_square(us, SQ_C1); - rAfter = relative_square(us, SQ_D1); - } - kfrom = Do ? kBefore : kAfter; - rfrom = Do ? rBefore : rAfter; - - kto = Do ? kAfter : kBefore; - rto = Do ? rAfter : rBefore; - - assert(piece_on(kfrom) == make_piece(us, KING)); - assert(piece_on(rfrom) == make_piece(us, ROOK)); - - // Move the pieces, with some care; in chess960 could be kto == rfrom - Bitboard k_from_to_bb = SquareBB[kfrom] ^ SquareBB[kto]; - Bitboard r_from_to_bb = SquareBB[rfrom] ^ SquareBB[rto]; - byTypeBB[KING] ^= k_from_to_bb; - byTypeBB[ROOK] ^= r_from_to_bb; - byTypeBB[ALL_PIECES] ^= k_from_to_bb ^ r_from_to_bb; - byColorBB[us] ^= k_from_to_bb ^ r_from_to_bb; - - // Update board - Piece king = make_piece(us, KING); - Piece rook = make_piece(us, ROOK); - board[kfrom] = board[rfrom] = NO_PIECE; - board[kto] = king; - board[rto] = rook; - - // Update piece lists - pieceList[us][KING][index[kfrom]] = kto; - pieceList[us][ROOK][index[rfrom]] = rto; - int tmp = index[rfrom]; // In Chess960 could be kto == rfrom - index[kto] = index[kfrom]; - index[rto] = tmp; - - if (Do) - { - // Reset capture field - st->capturedType = NO_PIECE_TYPE; +/// Position::do(undo)_null_move() is used to do(undo) a "null move": It flips +/// the side to move without executing any move on the board. - // Update incremental scores - st->psqScore += psq_delta(king, kfrom, kto); - st->psqScore += psq_delta(rook, rfrom, rto); - - // Update hash key - st->key ^= Zobrist::psq[us][KING][kfrom] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][KING][kto]; - st->key ^= Zobrist::psq[us][ROOK][rfrom] ^ Zobrist::psq[us][ROOK][rto]; +void Position::do_null_move(StateInfo& newSt) { - // Clear en passant square - if (st->epSquare != SQ_NONE) - { - st->key ^= Zobrist::enpassant[file_of(st->epSquare)]; - st->epSquare = SQ_NONE; - } + assert(!checkers()); - // Update castling rights - st->key ^= Zobrist::castle[st->castleRights & castleRightsMask[kfrom]]; - st->castleRights &= ~castleRightsMask[kfrom]; + std::memcpy(&newSt, st, sizeof(StateInfo)); // Fully copy here - // Update checkers BB - st->checkersBB = attackers_to(king_square(~us)) & pieces(us); + newSt.previous = st; + st = &newSt; - sideToMove = ~sideToMove; + if (st->epSquare != SQ_NONE) + { + st->key ^= Zobrist::enpassant[file_of(st->epSquare)]; + st->epSquare = SQ_NONE; } - else - // Undo: point our state pointer back to the previous state - st = st->previous; - - assert(pos_is_ok()); -} - -/// Position::do_null_move() is used to do/undo a "null move": It flips the side -/// to move and updates the hash key without executing any move on the board. -template -void Position::do_null_move(StateInfo& backupSt) { + st->key ^= Zobrist::side; + prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(st->key)); - assert(!in_check()); - - // Back up the information necessary to undo the null move to the supplied - // StateInfo object. Note that differently from normal case here backupSt - // is actually used as a backup storage not as the new state. This reduces - // the number of fields to be copied. - StateInfo* src = Do ? st : &backupSt; - StateInfo* dst = Do ? &backupSt : st; - - dst->key = src->key; - dst->epSquare = src->epSquare; - dst->psqScore = src->psqScore; - dst->rule50 = src->rule50; - dst->pliesFromNull = src->pliesFromNull; + st->rule50++; + st->pliesFromNull = 0; sideToMove = ~sideToMove; - if (Do) - { - if (st->epSquare != SQ_NONE) - st->key ^= Zobrist::enpassant[file_of(st->epSquare)]; + assert(pos_is_ok()); +} - st->key ^= Zobrist::side; - prefetch((char*)TT.first_entry(st->key)); +void Position::undo_null_move() { - st->epSquare = SQ_NONE; - st->rule50++; - st->pliesFromNull = 0; - } + assert(!checkers()); - assert(pos_is_ok()); + st = st->previous; + sideToMove = ~sideToMove; } -// Explicit template instantiations -template void Position::do_null_move(StateInfo& backupSt); -template void Position::do_null_move(StateInfo& backupSt); - /// Position::see() is a static exchange evaluator: It tries to estimate the -/// material gain or loss resulting from a move. There are three versions of -/// this function: One which takes a destination square as input, one takes a -/// move, and one which takes a 'from' and a 'to' square. The function does -/// not yet understand promotions captures. +/// material gain or loss resulting from a move. Parameter 'asymmThreshold' takes +/// tempi into account. If the side who initiated the capturing sequence does the +/// last capture, he loses a tempo and if the result is below 'asymmThreshold' +/// the capturing sequence is considered bad. int Position::see_sign(Move m) const { @@ -1212,13 +1049,13 @@ int Position::see_sign(Move m) const { // Early return if SEE cannot be negative because captured piece value // is not less then capturing one. Note that king moves always return // here because king midgame value is set to 0. - if (PieceValue[MG][piece_on(to_sq(m))] >= PieceValue[MG][piece_moved(m)]) + if (PieceValue[MG][piece_moved(m)] <= PieceValue[MG][piece_on(to_sq(m))]) return 1; return see(m); } -int Position::see(Move m) const { +int Position::see(Move m, int asymmThreshold) const { Square from, to; Bitboard occupied, attackers, stmAttackers; @@ -1230,36 +1067,31 @@ int Position::see(Move m) const { from = from_sq(m); to = to_sq(m); - captured = type_of(piece_on(to)); + swapList[0] = PieceValue[MG][type_of(piece_on(to))]; + stm = color_of(piece_on(from)); occupied = pieces() ^ from; - // Handle en passant moves + // Castle moves are implemented as king capturing the rook so cannot be + // handled correctly. Simply return 0 that is always the correct value + // unless in the rare case the rook ends up under attack. + if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) + return 0; + if (type_of(m) == ENPASSANT) { - Square capQq = to - pawn_push(sideToMove); - - assert(!captured); - assert(type_of(piece_on(capQq)) == PAWN); - - // Remove the captured pawn - occupied ^= capQq; - captured = PAWN; + occupied ^= to - pawn_push(stm); // Remove the captured pawn + swapList[0] = PieceValue[MG][PAWN]; } - else if (type_of(m) == CASTLE) - // Castle moves are implemented as king capturing the rook so cannot be - // handled correctly. Simply return 0 that is always the correct value - // unless the rook is ends up under attack. - return 0; // Find all attackers to the destination square, with the moving piece // removed, but possibly an X-ray attacker added behind it. - attackers = attackers_to(to, occupied); + attackers = attackers_to(to, occupied) & occupied; // If the opponent has no attackers we are finished - stm = ~color_of(piece_on(from)); + stm = ~stm; stmAttackers = attackers & pieces(stm); if (!stmAttackers) - return PieceValue[MG][captured]; + return swapList[0]; // The destination square is defended, which makes things rather more // difficult to compute. We proceed by building up a "swap list" containing @@ -1267,7 +1099,6 @@ int Position::see(Move m) const { // destination square, where the sides alternately capture, and always // capture with the least valuable piece. After each capture, we look for // new X-ray attacks from behind the capturing piece. - swapList[0] = PieceValue[MG][captured]; captured = type_of(piece_on(from)); do { @@ -1277,24 +1108,29 @@ int Position::see(Move m) const { swapList[slIndex] = -swapList[slIndex - 1] + PieceValue[MG][captured]; slIndex++; - // Locate and remove from 'occupied' the next least valuable attacker - captured = next_attacker(byTypeBB, to, stmAttackers, occupied, attackers); - - attackers &= occupied; // Remove the just found attacker + // Locate and remove the next least valuable attacker + captured = min_attacker(byTypeBB, to, stmAttackers, occupied, attackers); stm = ~stm; stmAttackers = attackers & pieces(stm); - if (captured == KING) + // Stop before processing a king capture + if (captured == KING && stmAttackers) { - // Stop before processing a king capture - if (stmAttackers) - swapList[slIndex++] = QueenValueMg * 16; - + swapList[slIndex++] = QueenValueMg * 16; break; } } while (stmAttackers); + // If we are doing asymmetric SEE evaluation and the same side does the first + // and the last capture, he loses a tempo and gain must be at least worth + // 'asymmThreshold', otherwise we replace the score with a very low value, + // before negamaxing. + if (asymmThreshold) + for (int i = 0; i < slIndex; i += 2) + if (swapList[i] < asymmThreshold) + swapList[i] = - QueenValueMg * 16; + // Having built the swap list, we negamax through it to find the best // achievable score from the point of view of the side to move. while (--slIndex) @@ -1309,7 +1145,7 @@ int Position::see(Move m) const { void Position::clear() { - memset(this, 0, sizeof(Position)); + std::memset(this, 0, sizeof(Position)); startState.epSquare = SQ_NONE; st = &startState; @@ -1319,24 +1155,6 @@ void Position::clear() { } -/// Position::put_piece() puts a piece on the given square of the board, -/// updating the board array, pieces list, bitboards, and piece counts. - -void Position::put_piece(Piece p, Square s) { - - Color c = color_of(p); - PieceType pt = type_of(p); - - board[s] = p; - index[s] = pieceCount[c][pt]++; - pieceList[c][pt][index[s]] = s; - - byTypeBB[ALL_PIECES] |= s; - byTypeBB[pt] |= s; - byColorBB[c] |= s; -} - - /// Position::compute_key() computes the hash key of the position. The hash /// key is usually updated incrementally as moves are made and unmade, the /// compute_key() function is only used when a new position is set up, and @@ -1394,7 +1212,7 @@ Key Position::compute_material_key() const { for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= QUEEN; pt++) - for (int cnt = 0; cnt < piece_count(c, pt); cnt++) + for (int cnt = 0; cnt < pieceCount[c][pt]; cnt++) k ^= Zobrist::psq[c][pt][cnt]; return k; @@ -1405,6 +1223,7 @@ Key Position::compute_material_key() const { /// game and the endgame. These functions are used to initialize the incremental /// scores when a new position is set up, and to verify that the scores are correctly /// updated by do_move and undo_move when the program is running in debug mode. + Score Position::compute_psq_score() const { Score score = SCORE_ZERO; @@ -1412,7 +1231,8 @@ Score Position::compute_psq_score() const { for (Bitboard b = pieces(); b; ) { Square s = pop_lsb(&b); - score += pieceSquareTable[piece_on(s)][s]; + Piece pc = piece_on(s); + score += psq[color_of(pc)][type_of(pc)][s]; } return score; @@ -1429,91 +1249,77 @@ Value Position::compute_non_pawn_material(Color c) const { Value value = VALUE_ZERO; for (PieceType pt = KNIGHT; pt <= QUEEN; pt++) - value += piece_count(c, pt) * PieceValue[MG][pt]; + value += pieceCount[c][pt] * PieceValue[MG][pt]; return value; } -/// Position::is_draw() tests whether the position is drawn by material, -/// repetition, or the 50 moves rule. It does not detect stalemates, this -/// must be done by the search. -template +/// Position::is_draw() tests whether the position is drawn by repetition +/// or the 50 moves rule. It does not detect stalemates, this must be done +/// by the search. + bool Position::is_draw() const { - if ( !pieces(PAWN) - && (non_pawn_material(WHITE) + non_pawn_material(BLACK) <= BishopValueMg)) + // Draw by the 50 moves rule? + if (st->rule50 > 99 && (!checkers() || MoveList(*this).size())) return true; - if (st->rule50 > 99 && (!in_check() || MoveList(*this).size())) - return true; + // Draw by repetition? + int i = 4, e = std::min(st->rule50, st->pliesFromNull); - if (CheckRepetition) + if (i <= e) { - int i = 4, e = std::min(st->rule50, st->pliesFromNull), cnt; + StateInfo* stp = st->previous->previous; - if (i <= e) - { - StateInfo* stp = st->previous->previous; + do { + stp = stp->previous->previous; - for (cnt = 0; i <= e; i += 2) - { - stp = stp->previous->previous; + if (stp->key == st->key) + return true; - if (stp->key == st->key && (!CheckThreeFold || ++cnt >= 2)) - return true; - } - } + i += 2; + + } while (i <= e); } return false; } -// Explicit template instantiations -template bool Position::is_draw() const; -template bool Position::is_draw() const; -template bool Position::is_draw() const; - /// Position::flip() flips position with the white and black sides reversed. This /// is only useful for debugging especially for finding evaluation symmetry bugs. +static char toggle_case(char c) { + return char(islower(c) ? toupper(c) : tolower(c)); +} + void Position::flip() { - const Position pos(*this); + string f, token; + std::stringstream ss(fen()); - clear(); + for (Rank rank = RANK_8; rank >= RANK_1; rank--) // Piece placement + { + std::getline(ss, token, rank > RANK_1 ? '/' : ' '); + f.insert(0, token + (f.empty() ? " " : "/")); + } - sideToMove = ~pos.side_to_move(); - thisThread = pos.this_thread(); - nodes = pos.nodes_searched(); - chess960 = pos.is_chess960(); - startPosPly = pos.startpos_ply_counter(); + ss >> token; // Active color + f += (token == "w" ? "B " : "W "); // Will be lowercased later - for (Square s = SQ_A1; s <= SQ_H8; s++) - if (!pos.is_empty(s)) - put_piece(Piece(pos.piece_on(s) ^ 8), ~s); + ss >> token; // Castling availability + f += token + " "; - if (pos.can_castle(WHITE_OO)) - set_castle_right(BLACK, ~pos.castle_rook_square(WHITE, KING_SIDE)); - if (pos.can_castle(WHITE_OOO)) - set_castle_right(BLACK, ~pos.castle_rook_square(WHITE, QUEEN_SIDE)); - if (pos.can_castle(BLACK_OO)) - set_castle_right(WHITE, ~pos.castle_rook_square(BLACK, KING_SIDE)); - if (pos.can_castle(BLACK_OOO)) - set_castle_right(WHITE, ~pos.castle_rook_square(BLACK, QUEEN_SIDE)); + std::transform(f.begin(), f.end(), f.begin(), toggle_case); - if (pos.st->epSquare != SQ_NONE) - st->epSquare = ~pos.st->epSquare; + ss >> token; // En passant square + f += (token == "-" ? token : token.replace(1, 1, token[1] == '3' ? "6" : "3")); - st->checkersBB = attackers_to(king_square(sideToMove)) & pieces(~sideToMove); + std::getline(ss, token); // Half and full moves + f += token; - st->key = compute_key(); - st->pawnKey = compute_pawn_key(); - st->materialKey = compute_material_key(); - st->psqScore = compute_psq_score(); - st->npMaterial[WHITE] = compute_non_pawn_material(WHITE); - st->npMaterial[BLACK] = compute_non_pawn_material(BLACK); + set(f, is_chess960(), this_thread()); assert(pos_is_ok()); } @@ -1602,15 +1408,13 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { if ((*step)++, debugMaterialKey && st->materialKey != compute_material_key()) return false; - if ((*step)++, debugIncrementalEval && st->psqScore != compute_psq_score()) + if ((*step)++, debugIncrementalEval && st->psq != compute_psq_score()) return false; if ((*step)++, debugNonPawnMaterial) - { if ( st->npMaterial[WHITE] != compute_non_pawn_material(WHITE) || st->npMaterial[BLACK] != compute_non_pawn_material(BLACK)) return false; - } if ((*step)++, debugPieceCounts) for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) @@ -1622,13 +1426,9 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) for (PieceType pt = PAWN; pt <= KING; pt++) for (int i = 0; i < pieceCount[c][pt]; i++) - { - if (piece_on(piece_list(c, pt)[i]) != make_piece(c, pt)) - return false; - - if (index[piece_list(c, pt)[i]] != i) + if ( board[pieceList[c][pt][i]] != make_piece(c, pt) + || index[pieceList[c][pt][i]] != i) return false; - } if ((*step)++, debugCastleSquares) for (Color c = WHITE; c <= BLACK; c++) @@ -1639,10 +1439,8 @@ bool Position::pos_is_ok(int* failedStep) const { if (!can_castle(cr)) continue; - if ((castleRightsMask[king_square(c)] & cr) != cr) - return false; - - if ( piece_on(castleRookSquare[c][s]) != make_piece(c, ROOK) + if ( (castleRightsMask[king_square(c)] & cr) != cr + || piece_on(castleRookSquare[c][s]) != make_piece(c, ROOK) || castleRightsMask[castleRookSquare[c][s]] != cr) return false; }