X-Git-Url: https://git.sesse.net/?p=stockfish;a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Fsearch.cpp;h=f259ab707fe7983a271bdd6b05093490d6fe404a;hp=1668a74a40a3bfcf87b2e45300ca6a4706a4537a;hb=6247f27a0548562c122f658082d31f535208d603;hpb=d11af1de11aa1b93e970f96105516e7c9b342fa4 diff --git a/src/search.cpp b/src/search.cpp index 1668a74a..f259ab70 100644 --- a/src/search.cpp +++ b/src/search.cpp @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ //// #include +#include #include #include #include @@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ #include "book.h" #include "evaluate.h" #include "history.h" +#include "maxgain.h" #include "misc.h" #include "movegen.h" #include "movepick.h" @@ -172,9 +174,9 @@ namespace { // best move from the previous iteration, Problem is set back to false. const Value NoProblemMargin = Value(0x14); - // Null move margin. A null move search will not be done if the approximate + // Null move margin. A null move search will not be done if the static // evaluation of the position is more than NullMoveMargin below beta. - const Value NullMoveMargin = Value(0x300); + const Value NullMoveMargin = Value(0x200); // If the TT move is at least SingleReplyMargin better then the // remaining ones we will extend it. @@ -190,18 +192,8 @@ namespace { // Depth limit for razoring const Depth RazorDepth = 4 * OnePly; - // Remaining depth: 1 ply 1.5 ply 2 ply 2.5 ply 3 ply 3.5 ply - const Value RazorMargins[6] = { Value(0x180), Value(0x300), Value(0x300), Value(0x3C0), Value(0x3C0), Value(0x3C0) }; - - // Remaining depth: 1 ply 1.5 ply 2 ply 2.5 ply 3 ply 3.5 ply - const Value RazorApprMargins[6] = { Value(0x520), Value(0x300), Value(0x300), Value(0x300), Value(0x300), Value(0x300) }; - - /// Variables initialized by UCI options - // Minimum number of full depth (i.e. non-reduced) moves at PV and non-PV nodes - int LMRPVMoves, LMRNonPVMoves; - // Depth limit for use of dynamic threat detection Depth ThreatDepth; @@ -231,7 +223,7 @@ namespace { int SearchStartTime; int MaxNodes, MaxDepth; int MaxSearchTime, AbsoluteMaxSearchTime, ExtraSearchTime, ExactMaxTime; - bool InfiniteSearch, PonderSearch, StopOnPonderhit; + bool UseTimeManagement, InfiniteSearch, PonderSearch, StopOnPonderhit; bool AbortSearch, Quit; bool FailHigh, FailLow, Problem; @@ -242,6 +234,10 @@ namespace { bool UseLogFile; std::ofstream LogFile; + // Natural logarithmic lookup table and its getter function + double lnArray[512]; + inline double ln(int i) { return lnArray[i]; } + // MP related variables int ActiveThreads = 1; Depth MinimumSplitDepth; @@ -268,6 +264,8 @@ namespace { // History table History H; + // MaxGain table + MaxGain MG; /// Functions @@ -288,6 +286,7 @@ namespace { bool ok_to_do_nullmove(const Position& pos); bool ok_to_prune(const Position& pos, Move m, Move threat); bool ok_to_use_TT(const TTEntry* tte, Depth depth, Value beta, int ply); + Value refine_eval(const TTEntry* tte, Value defaultEval, int ply); void update_history(const Position& pos, Move move, Depth depth, Move movesSearched[], int moveCount); void update_killers(Move m, SearchStack& ss); @@ -365,8 +364,20 @@ bool think(const Position& pos, bool infinite, bool ponder, int side_to_move, int time[], int increment[], int movesToGo, int maxDepth, int maxNodes, int maxTime, Move searchMoves[]) { - // Look for a book move - if (!infinite && !ponder && get_option_value_bool("OwnBook")) + // Initialize global search variables + Idle = StopOnPonderhit = AbortSearch = Quit = false; + FailHigh = FailLow = Problem = false; + NodesSincePoll = 0; + SearchStartTime = get_system_time(); + ExactMaxTime = maxTime; + MaxDepth = maxDepth; + MaxNodes = maxNodes; + InfiniteSearch = infinite; + PonderSearch = ponder; + UseTimeManagement = !ExactMaxTime && !MaxDepth && !MaxNodes && !InfiniteSearch; + + // Look for a book move, only during games, not tests + if (UseTimeManagement && !ponder && get_option_value_bool("OwnBook")) { Move bookMove; if (get_option_value_string("Book File") != OpeningBook.file_name()) @@ -380,15 +391,6 @@ bool think(const Position& pos, bool infinite, bool ponder, int side_to_move, } } - // Initialize global search variables - Idle = StopOnPonderhit = AbortSearch = Quit = false; - FailHigh = FailLow = Problem = false; - SearchStartTime = get_system_time(); - ExactMaxTime = maxTime; - NodesSincePoll = 0; - InfiniteSearch = infinite; - PonderSearch = ponder; - for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_MAX; i++) { Threads[i].nodes = 0ULL; @@ -424,8 +426,6 @@ bool think(const Position& pos, bool infinite, bool ponder, int side_to_move, MateThreatExtension[1] = Depth(get_option_value_int("Mate Threat Extension (PV nodes)")); MateThreatExtension[0] = Depth(get_option_value_int("Mate Threat Extension (non-PV nodes)")); - LMRPVMoves = get_option_value_int("Full Depth Moves (PV nodes)") + 1; - LMRNonPVMoves = get_option_value_int("Full Depth Moves (non-PV nodes)") + 1; ThreatDepth = get_option_value_int("Threat Depth") * OnePly; Chess960 = get_option_value_bool("UCI_Chess960"); @@ -445,6 +445,10 @@ bool think(const Position& pos, bool infinite, bool ponder, int side_to_move, { ActiveThreads = newActiveThreads; init_eval(ActiveThreads); + // HACK: init_eval() destroys the static castleRightsMask[] array in the + // Position class. The below line repairs the damage. + Position p(pos.to_fen()); + assert(pos.is_ok()); } // Wake up sleeping threads @@ -456,51 +460,45 @@ bool think(const Position& pos, bool infinite, bool ponder, int side_to_move, // Set thinking time int myTime = time[side_to_move]; int myIncrement = increment[side_to_move]; - - if (!movesToGo) // Sudden death time control + if (UseTimeManagement) { - if (myIncrement) + if (!movesToGo) // Sudden death time control { - MaxSearchTime = myTime / 30 + myIncrement; - AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = Max(myTime / 4, myIncrement - 100); - } - else // Blitz game without increment - { - MaxSearchTime = myTime / 30; - AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = myTime / 8; + if (myIncrement) + { + MaxSearchTime = myTime / 30 + myIncrement; + AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = Max(myTime / 4, myIncrement - 100); + } + else // Blitz game without increment + { + MaxSearchTime = myTime / 30; + AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = myTime / 8; + } } - } - else // (x moves) / (y minutes) - { - if (movesToGo == 1) + else // (x moves) / (y minutes) { - MaxSearchTime = myTime / 2; - AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = (myTime > 3000)? (myTime - 500) : ((myTime * 3) / 4); + if (movesToGo == 1) + { + MaxSearchTime = myTime / 2; + AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = (myTime > 3000)? (myTime - 500) : ((myTime * 3) / 4); + } + else + { + MaxSearchTime = myTime / Min(movesToGo, 20); + AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = Min((4 * myTime) / movesToGo, myTime / 3); + } } - else + + if (PonderingEnabled) { - MaxSearchTime = myTime / Min(movesToGo, 20); - AbsoluteMaxSearchTime = Min((4 * myTime) / movesToGo, myTime / 3); + MaxSearchTime += MaxSearchTime / 4; + MaxSearchTime = Min(MaxSearchTime, AbsoluteMaxSearchTime); } } - if (PonderingEnabled) - { - MaxSearchTime += MaxSearchTime / 4; - MaxSearchTime = Min(MaxSearchTime, AbsoluteMaxSearchTime); - } - - // Fixed depth or fixed number of nodes? - MaxDepth = maxDepth; - if (MaxDepth) - InfiniteSearch = true; // HACK - - MaxNodes = maxNodes; + // Set best NodesBetweenPolls interval if (MaxNodes) - { NodesBetweenPolls = Min(MaxNodes, 30000); - InfiniteSearch = true; // HACK - } else if (myTime && myTime < 1000) NodesBetweenPolls = 1000; else if (myTime && myTime < 5000) @@ -564,11 +562,16 @@ bool think(const Position& pos, bool infinite, bool ponder, int side_to_move, void init_threads() { volatile int i; + bool ok; #if !defined(_MSC_VER) pthread_t pthread[1]; #endif + // Init our logarithmic lookup table + for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) + lnArray[i] = log(double(i)); // log() returns base-e logarithm + for (i = 0; i < THREAD_MAX; i++) Threads[i].activeSplitPoints = 0; @@ -599,12 +602,18 @@ void init_threads() { for (i = 1; i < THREAD_MAX; i++) { #if !defined(_MSC_VER) - pthread_create(pthread, NULL, init_thread, (void*)(&i)); + ok = (pthread_create(pthread, NULL, init_thread, (void*)(&i)) == 0); #else DWORD iID[1]; - CreateThread(NULL, 0, init_thread, (LPVOID)(&i), 0, iID); + ok = (CreateThread(NULL, 0, init_thread, (LPVOID)(&i), 0, iID) != NULL); #endif + if (!ok) + { + cout << "Failed to create thread number " << i << endl; + Application::exit_with_failure(); + } + // Wait until the thread has finished launching while (!Threads[i].running); } @@ -648,6 +657,8 @@ void SearchStack::init(int ply) { pv[ply] = pv[ply + 1] = MOVE_NONE; currentMove = threatMove = MOVE_NONE; reduction = Depth(0); + eval = VALUE_NONE; + evalInfo = NULL; } void SearchStack::initKillers() { @@ -692,6 +703,7 @@ namespace { // Initialize TT.new_search(); H.clear(); + MG.clear(); init_ss_array(ss); IterationInfo[1] = IterationInfoType(rml.get_move_score(0), rml.get_move_score(0)); Iteration = 1; @@ -777,7 +789,7 @@ namespace { Problem = false; - if (!InfiniteSearch) + if (UseTimeManagement) { // Time to stop? bool stopSearch = false; @@ -831,9 +843,9 @@ namespace { rml.sort(); - // If we are pondering, we shouldn't print the best move before we - // are told to do so - if (PonderSearch) + // If we are pondering or in infinite search, we shouldn't print the + // best move before we are told to do so. + if (!AbortSearch && (PonderSearch || InfiniteSearch)) wait_for_stop_or_ponderhit(); else // Print final search statistics @@ -881,8 +893,16 @@ namespace { Value root_search(Position& pos, SearchStack ss[], RootMoveList& rml, Value alpha, Value beta) { Value oldAlpha = alpha; - Value value; + Value value = -VALUE_INFINITE; CheckInfo ci(pos); + bool isCheck = pos.is_check(); + + // Evaluate the position statically + EvalInfo ei; + if (!isCheck) + ss[0].eval = evaluate(pos, ei, 0); + else + ss[0].eval = VALUE_NONE; // Loop through all the moves in the root move list for (int i = 0; i < rml.move_count() && !AbortSearch; i++) @@ -898,7 +918,7 @@ namespace { int64_t nodes; Move move; StateInfo st; - Depth ext, newDepth; + Depth depth, ext, newDepth; RootMoveNumber = i + 1; FailHigh = false; @@ -921,8 +941,9 @@ namespace { bool moveIsCheck = pos.move_is_check(move); bool captureOrPromotion = pos.move_is_capture_or_promotion(move); bool dangerous; + depth = (Iteration - 2) * OnePly + InitialDepth; ext = extension(pos, move, true, captureOrPromotion, moveIsCheck, false, false, &dangerous); - newDepth = (Iteration - 2) * OnePly + ext + InitialDepth; + newDepth = depth + ext; // Make the move, and search it pos.do_move(move, st, ci, moveIsCheck); @@ -949,18 +970,23 @@ namespace { { // Try to reduce non-pv search depth by one ply if move seems not problematic, // if the move fails high will be re-searched at full depth. - if ( newDepth >= 3*OnePly - && i >= MultiPV + LMRPVMoves + bool doFullDepthSearch = true; + + if ( depth >= 3*OnePly // FIXME was newDepth && !dangerous && !captureOrPromotion && !move_is_castle(move)) { - ss[0].reduction = OnePly; - value = -search(pos, ss, -alpha, newDepth-OnePly, 1, true, 0); - } else - value = alpha + 1; // Just to trigger next condition + double red = 0.5 + ln(RootMoveNumber - MultiPV + 1) * ln(depth / 2) / 6.0; + if (red >= 1.0) + { + ss[0].reduction = Depth(int(floor(red * int(OnePly)))); + value = -search(pos, ss, -alpha, newDepth-ss[0].reduction, 1, true, 0); + doFullDepthSearch = (value > alpha); + } + } - if (value > alpha) + if (doFullDepthSearch) { value = -search(pos, ss, -alpha, newDepth, 1, true, 0); @@ -1087,7 +1113,6 @@ namespace { assert(threadID >= 0 && threadID < ActiveThreads); Move movesSearched[256]; - EvalInfo ei; StateInfo st; const TTEntry* tte; Move ttMove, move; @@ -1095,7 +1120,7 @@ namespace { Value oldAlpha, value; bool isCheck, mateThreat, singleEvasion, moveIsCheck, captureOrPromotion, dangerous; int moveCount = 0; - Value bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE; + Value bestValue = value = -VALUE_INFINITE; if (depth < OnePly) return qsearch(pos, ss, alpha, beta, Depth(0), ply, threadID); @@ -1108,12 +1133,9 @@ namespace { if (AbortSearch || thread_should_stop(threadID)) return Value(0); - if (pos.is_draw()) + if (pos.is_draw() || ply >= PLY_MAX - 1) return VALUE_DRAW; - if (ply >= PLY_MAX - 1) - return pos.is_check() ? quick_evaluate(pos) : evaluate(pos, ei, threadID); - // Mate distance pruning oldAlpha = alpha; alpha = Max(value_mated_in(ply), alpha); @@ -1143,9 +1165,25 @@ namespace { tte = TT.retrieve(pos.get_key()); } + // Evaluate the position statically + isCheck = pos.is_check(); + EvalInfo ei; + if (!isCheck) + { + ss[ply].eval = evaluate(pos, ei, threadID); + + // Store gain statistics + Move m = ss[ply - 1].currentMove; + if ( m != MOVE_NULL + && pos.captured_piece() == NO_PIECE_TYPE + && !move_is_castle(m) + && !move_is_promotion(m)) + MG.store(pos.piece_on(move_to(m)), move_from(m), move_to(m), ss[ply - 1].eval, -ss[ply].eval); + + } + // Initialize a MovePicker object for the current position, and prepare // to search all moves - isCheck = pos.is_check(); mateThreat = pos.has_mate_threat(opposite_color(pos.side_to_move())); CheckInfo ci(pos); MovePicker mp = MovePicker(pos, ttMove, depth, H, &ss[ply]); @@ -1200,20 +1238,24 @@ namespace { { // Try to reduce non-pv search depth by one ply if move seems not problematic, // if the move fails high will be re-searched at full depth. + bool doFullDepthSearch = true; + if ( depth >= 3*OnePly - && moveCount >= LMRPVMoves && !dangerous && !captureOrPromotion && !move_is_castle(move) && !move_is_killer(move, ss[ply])) { - ss[ply].reduction = OnePly; - value = -search(pos, ss, -alpha, newDepth-OnePly, ply+1, true, threadID); + double red = 0.5 + ln(moveCount) * ln(depth / 2) / 6.0; + if (red >= 1.0) + { + ss[ply].reduction = Depth(int(floor(red * int(OnePly)))); + value = -search(pos, ss, -alpha, newDepth-ss[ply].reduction, ply+1, true, threadID); + doFullDepthSearch = (value > alpha); + } } - else - value = alpha + 1; // Just to trigger next condition - if (value > alpha) // Go with full depth non-pv search + if (doFullDepthSearch) // Go with full depth non-pv search { ss[ply].reduction = Depth(0); value = -search(pos, ss, -alpha, newDepth, ply+1, true, threadID); @@ -1316,11 +1358,11 @@ namespace { const TTEntry* tte; Move ttMove, move; Depth ext, newDepth; - Value approximateEval, nullValue, value, futilityValue, futilityValueScaled; + Value bestValue, staticValue, nullValue, value, futilityValue, futilityValueScaled; bool isCheck, useFutilityPruning, singleEvasion, moveIsCheck, captureOrPromotion, dangerous; bool mateThreat = false; int moveCount = 0; - Value bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE; + futilityValue = staticValue = bestValue = value = -VALUE_INFINITE; if (depth < OnePly) return qsearch(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, Depth(0), ply, threadID); @@ -1333,12 +1375,9 @@ namespace { if (AbortSearch || thread_should_stop(threadID)) return Value(0); - if (pos.is_draw()) + if (pos.is_draw() || ply >= PLY_MAX - 1) return VALUE_DRAW; - if (ply >= PLY_MAX - 1) - return pos.is_check() ? quick_evaluate(pos) : evaluate(pos, ei, threadID); - // Mate distance pruning if (value_mated_in(ply) >= beta) return beta; @@ -1360,26 +1399,57 @@ namespace { return value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply); } - approximateEval = quick_evaluate(pos); isCheck = pos.is_check(); + // Calculate depth dependant futility pruning parameters + const int FutilityMoveCountMargin = 3 + (1 << (3 * int(depth) / 8)); + const int PostFutilityValueMargin = 112 * bitScanReverse32(int(depth) * int(depth) / 2); + + // Evaluate the position statically + if (!isCheck) + { + if (tte && (tte->type() & VALUE_TYPE_EVAL)) + staticValue = value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply); + else + { + staticValue = evaluate(pos, ei, threadID); + ss[ply].evalInfo = &ei; + } + + ss[ply].eval = staticValue; + futilityValue = staticValue + PostFutilityValueMargin; //FIXME: Remove me, only for split + staticValue = refine_eval(tte, staticValue, ply); // Enhance accuracy with TT value if possible + + // Store gain statistics + Move m = ss[ply - 1].currentMove; + if ( m != MOVE_NULL + && pos.captured_piece() == NO_PIECE_TYPE + && !move_is_castle(m) + && !move_is_promotion(m)) + MG.store(pos.piece_on(move_to(m)), move_from(m), move_to(m), ss[ply - 1].eval, -ss[ply].eval); + } + + // Post futility pruning + if (staticValue - PostFutilityValueMargin >= beta) + return (staticValue - PostFutilityValueMargin); + // Null move search if ( allowNullmove && depth > OnePly && !isCheck && !value_is_mate(beta) && ok_to_do_nullmove(pos) - && approximateEval >= beta - NullMoveMargin) + && staticValue >= beta - NullMoveMargin) { ss[ply].currentMove = MOVE_NULL; pos.do_null_move(st); // Null move dynamic reduction based on depth - int R = (depth >= 5 * OnePly ? 4 : 3); + int R = 3 + (depth >= 5 * OnePly ? depth / 8 : 0); // Null move dynamic reduction based on value - if (approximateEval - beta > PawnValueMidgame) + if (staticValue - beta > PawnValueMidgame) R++; nullValue = -search(pos, ss, -(beta-1), depth-R*OnePly, ply+1, false, threadID); @@ -1414,13 +1484,14 @@ namespace { } // Null move search not allowed, try razoring else if ( !value_is_mate(beta) + && !isCheck && depth < RazorDepth - && approximateEval < beta - RazorApprMargins[int(depth) - 2] + && staticValue < beta - (NullMoveMargin + 16 * depth) && ss[ply - 1].currentMove != MOVE_NULL && ttMove == MOVE_NONE && !pos.has_pawn_on_7th(pos.side_to_move())) { - Value rbeta = beta - RazorMargins[int(depth) - 2]; + Value rbeta = beta - (NullMoveMargin + 16 * depth); Value v = qsearch(pos, ss, rbeta-1, rbeta, Depth(0), ply, threadID); if (v < rbeta) return v; @@ -1428,7 +1499,7 @@ namespace { // Go with internal iterative deepening if we don't have a TT move if (UseIIDAtNonPVNodes && ttMove == MOVE_NONE && depth >= 8*OnePly && - !isCheck && evaluate(pos, ei, threadID) >= beta - IIDMargin) + !isCheck && ss[ply].eval >= beta - IIDMargin) { search(pos, ss, beta, Min(depth/2, depth-2*OnePly), ply, false, threadID); ttMove = ss[ply].pv[ply]; @@ -1439,17 +1510,8 @@ namespace { // to search all moves. MovePicker mp = MovePicker(pos, ttMove, depth, H, &ss[ply]); CheckInfo ci(pos); - futilityValue = VALUE_NONE; useFutilityPruning = depth < SelectiveDepth && !isCheck; - // Calculate depth dependant futility pruning parameters - const int FutilityMoveCountMargin = 3 + (1 << (3 * int(depth) / 8)); - const int FutilityValueMargin = 112 * bitScanReverse32(int(depth) * int(depth) / 2); - - // Avoid calling evaluate() if we already have the score in TT - if (tte && (tte->type() & VALUE_TYPE_EVAL)) - futilityValue = value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply) + FutilityValueMargin; - // Loop through all legal moves until no moves remain or a beta cutoff occurs while ( bestValue < beta && (move = mp.get_next_move()) != MOVE_NONE @@ -1460,8 +1522,8 @@ namespace { if (move == excludedMove) continue; - singleEvasion = (isCheck && mp.number_of_evasions() == 1); moveIsCheck = pos.move_is_check(move, ci); + singleEvasion = (isCheck && mp.number_of_evasions() == 1); captureOrPromotion = pos.move_is_capture_or_promotion(move); // Decide the new search depth @@ -1494,10 +1556,33 @@ namespace { // Update current move movesSearched[moveCount++] = ss[ply].currentMove = move; + // Futility pruning for captures + Color them = opposite_color(pos.side_to_move()); + + if ( useFutilityPruning + && !dangerous + && pos.move_is_capture(move) + && !pos.move_is_check(move, ci) + && !move_is_promotion(move) + && move != ttMove + && !move_is_ep(move) + && (pos.type_of_piece_on(move_to(move)) != PAWN || !pos.pawn_is_passed(them, move_to(move)))) // Do not prune passed pawn captures + { + int preFutilityValueMargin = 0; + + if (newDepth >= OnePly) + preFutilityValueMargin = 112 * bitScanReverse32(int(newDepth) * int(newDepth) / 2); + + if (ss[ply].eval + pos.endgame_value_of_piece_on(move_to(move)) + preFutilityValueMargin + ei.futilityMargin + 90 < beta) + continue; + } + + // Futility pruning if ( useFutilityPruning && !dangerous && !captureOrPromotion + && !move_is_castle(move) && move != ttMove) { // Move count based pruning @@ -1507,10 +1592,20 @@ namespace { continue; // Value based pruning - if (futilityValue == VALUE_NONE) - futilityValue = evaluate(pos, ei, threadID) + FutilityValueMargin; + Depth predictedDepth = newDepth; + + //FIXME HACK: awful code duplication + double red = 0.5 + ln(moveCount) * ln(depth / 2) / 3.0; + if (red >= 1.0) + predictedDepth -= int(floor(red * int(OnePly))); + + int preFutilityValueMargin = 0; + if (predictedDepth >= OnePly) + preFutilityValueMargin = 112 * bitScanReverse32(int(predictedDepth) * int(predictedDepth) / 2); + + preFutilityValueMargin += MG.retrieve(pos.piece_on(move_from(move)), move_from(move), move_to(move)) + 45; - futilityValueScaled = futilityValue - moveCount * IncrementalFutilityMargin; + futilityValueScaled = ss[ply].eval + preFutilityValueMargin - moveCount * IncrementalFutilityMargin; if (futilityValueScaled < beta) { @@ -1525,20 +1620,25 @@ namespace { // Try to reduce non-pv search depth by one ply if move seems not problematic, // if the move fails high will be re-searched at full depth. + bool doFullDepthSearch = true; + if ( depth >= 3*OnePly - && moveCount >= LMRNonPVMoves && !dangerous && !captureOrPromotion && !move_is_castle(move) - && !move_is_killer(move, ss[ply])) + && !move_is_killer(move, ss[ply]) + /* && move != ttMove*/) { - ss[ply].reduction = OnePly; - value = -search(pos, ss, -(beta-1), newDepth-OnePly, ply+1, true, threadID); + double red = 0.5 + ln(moveCount) * ln(depth / 2) / 3.0; + if (red >= 1.0) + { + ss[ply].reduction = Depth(int(floor(red * int(OnePly)))); + value = -search(pos, ss, -(beta-1), newDepth-ss[ply].reduction, ply+1, true, threadID); + doFullDepthSearch = (value >= beta); + } } - else - value = beta; // Just to trigger next condition - if (value >= beta) // Go with full depth non-pv search + if (doFullDepthSearch) // Go with full depth non-pv search { ss[ply].reduction = Depth(0); value = -search(pos, ss, -(beta-1), newDepth, ply+1, true, threadID); @@ -1566,14 +1666,14 @@ namespace { && idle_thread_exists(threadID) && !AbortSearch && !thread_should_stop(threadID) - && split(pos, ss, ply, &beta, &beta, &bestValue, futilityValue, + && split(pos, ss, ply, &beta, &beta, &bestValue, futilityValue, //FIXME: SMP & futilityValue depth, &moveCount, &mp, threadID, false)) break; } - // All legal moves have been searched. A special case: If there were + // All legal moves have been searched. A special case: If there were // no legal moves, it must be mate or stalemate. - if (moveCount == 0) + if (!moveCount) return excludedMove ? beta - 1 : (pos.is_check() ? value_mated_in(ply) : VALUE_DRAW); // If the search is not aborted, update the transposition table, @@ -1587,12 +1687,13 @@ namespace { { BetaCounter.add(pos.side_to_move(), depth, threadID); move = ss[ply].pv[ply]; + TT.store(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ply), VALUE_TYPE_LOWER, depth, move); if (!pos.move_is_capture_or_promotion(move)) { update_history(pos, move, depth, movesSearched, moveCount); update_killers(move, ss[ply]); } - TT.store(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ply), VALUE_TYPE_LOWER, depth, move); + } assert(bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && bestValue < VALUE_INFINITE); @@ -1617,8 +1718,8 @@ namespace { EvalInfo ei; StateInfo st; Move ttMove, move; - Value staticValue, bestValue, value, futilityValue; - bool isCheck, enoughMaterial, moveIsCheck; + Value staticValue, bestValue, value, futilityBase, futilityValue; + bool isCheck, enoughMaterial, moveIsCheck, evasionPrunable; const TTEntry* tte = NULL; int moveCount = 0; bool pvNode = (beta - alpha != 1); @@ -1631,41 +1732,44 @@ namespace { if (AbortSearch || thread_should_stop(threadID)) return Value(0); - if (pos.is_draw()) + if (pos.is_draw() || ply >= PLY_MAX - 1) return VALUE_DRAW; - // Transposition table lookup, only when not in PV - if (!pvNode) + // Transposition table lookup. At PV nodes, we don't use the TT for + // pruning, but only for move ordering. + tte = TT.retrieve(pos.get_key()); + ttMove = (tte ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE); + + if (!pvNode && tte && ok_to_use_TT(tte, depth, beta, ply)) { - tte = TT.retrieve(pos.get_key()); - if (tte && ok_to_use_TT(tte, depth, beta, ply)) - { - assert(tte->type() != VALUE_TYPE_EVAL); + assert(tte->type() != VALUE_TYPE_EVAL); - return value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply); - } + ss[ply].currentMove = ttMove; // Can be MOVE_NONE + return value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply); } - ttMove = (tte ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE); isCheck = pos.is_check(); - ei.futilityMargin = Value(0); // Manually initialize futilityMargin // Evaluate the position statically if (isCheck) staticValue = -VALUE_INFINITE; - else if (tte && (tte->type() & VALUE_TYPE_EVAL)) - { - // Use the cached evaluation score if possible - assert(ei.futilityMargin == Value(0)); - staticValue = value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply); - } else staticValue = evaluate(pos, ei, threadID); - if (ply >= PLY_MAX - 1) - return pos.is_check() ? quick_evaluate(pos) : evaluate(pos, ei, threadID); + if (!isCheck) + { + ss[ply].eval = staticValue; + // Store gain statistics + Move m = ss[ply - 1].currentMove; + if ( m != MOVE_NULL + && pos.captured_piece() == NO_PIECE_TYPE + && !move_is_castle(m) + && !move_is_promotion(m)) + MG.store(pos.piece_on(move_to(m)), move_from(m), move_to(m), ss[ply - 1].eval, -ss[ply].eval); + } + // Initialize "stand pat score", and return it immediately if it is // at least beta. @@ -1683,12 +1787,17 @@ namespace { if (bestValue > alpha) alpha = bestValue; + // If we are near beta then try to get a cutoff pushing checks a bit further + bool deepChecks = depth == -OnePly && staticValue >= beta - PawnValueMidgame / 8; + // Initialize a MovePicker object for the current position, and prepare - // to search the moves. Because the depth is <= 0 here, only captures, - // queen promotions and checks (only if depth == 0) will be generated. - MovePicker mp = MovePicker(pos, ttMove, depth, H); + // to search the moves. Because the depth is <= 0 here, only captures, + // queen promotions and checks (only if depth == 0 or depth == -OnePly + // and we are near beta) will be generated. + MovePicker mp = MovePicker(pos, ttMove, deepChecks ? Depth(0) : depth, H); CheckInfo ci(pos); enoughMaterial = pos.non_pawn_material(pos.side_to_move()) > RookValueMidgame; + futilityBase = staticValue + FutilityMarginQS + ei.futilityMargin; // Loop through the moves until no moves remain or a beta cutoff // occurs. @@ -1697,11 +1806,12 @@ namespace { { assert(move_is_ok(move)); + moveIsCheck = pos.move_is_check(move, ci); + + // Update current move moveCount++; ss[ply].currentMove = move; - moveIsCheck = pos.move_is_check(move, ci); - // Futility pruning if ( enoughMaterial && !isCheck @@ -1711,12 +1821,9 @@ namespace { && !move_is_promotion(move) && !pos.move_is_passed_pawn_push(move)) { - futilityValue = staticValue - + Max(pos.midgame_value_of_piece_on(move_to(move)), - pos.endgame_value_of_piece_on(move_to(move))) - + (move_is_ep(move) ? PawnValueEndgame : Value(0)) - + FutilityMarginQS - + ei.futilityMargin; + futilityValue = futilityBase + + pos.endgame_value_of_piece_on(move_to(move)) + + (move_is_ep(move) ? PawnValueEndgame : Value(0)); if (futilityValue < alpha) { @@ -1726,8 +1833,15 @@ namespace { } } - // Don't search captures and checks with negative SEE values - if ( !isCheck + // Detect blocking evasions that are candidate to be pruned + evasionPrunable = isCheck + && bestValue != -VALUE_INFINITE + && !pos.move_is_capture(move) + && pos.type_of_piece_on(move_from(move)) != KING + && !pos.can_castle(pos.side_to_move()); + + // Don't search moves with negative SEE values + if ( (!isCheck || evasionPrunable) && move != ttMove && !move_is_promotion(move) && pos.see_sign(move) < 0) @@ -1752,31 +1866,31 @@ namespace { } } - // All legal moves have been searched. A special case: If we're in check + // All legal moves have been searched. A special case: If we're in check // and no legal moves were found, it is checkmate. if (!moveCount && pos.is_check()) // Mate! return value_mated_in(ply); - assert(bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && bestValue < VALUE_INFINITE); - // Update transposition table - move = ss[ply].pv[ply]; - if (!pvNode) + Depth d = (depth == Depth(0) ? Depth(0) : Depth(-1)); + if (bestValue < beta) { - // If bestValue isn't changed it means it is still the static evaluation of - // the node, so keep this info to avoid a future costly evaluation() call. + // If bestValue isn't changed it means it is still the static evaluation + // of the node, so keep this info to avoid a future evaluation() call. ValueType type = (bestValue == staticValue && !ei.futilityMargin ? VALUE_TYPE_EV_UP : VALUE_TYPE_UPPER); - Depth d = (depth == Depth(0) ? Depth(0) : Depth(-1)); + TT.store(pos.get_key(), value_to_tt(bestValue, ply), type, d, MOVE_NONE); + } + else + { + move = ss[ply].pv[ply]; + TT.store(pos.get_key(), value_to_tt(bestValue, ply), VALUE_TYPE_LOWER, d, move); - if (bestValue < beta) - TT.store(pos.get_key(), value_to_tt(bestValue, ply), type, d, MOVE_NONE); - else - TT.store(pos.get_key(), value_to_tt(bestValue, ply), VALUE_TYPE_LOWER, d, move); + // Update killers only for good checking moves + if (!pos.move_is_capture_or_promotion(move)) + update_killers(move, ss[ply]); } - // Update killers only for good check moves - if (alpha >= beta && !pos.move_is_capture_or_promotion(move)) - update_killers(move, ss[ply]); + assert(bestValue > -VALUE_INFINITE && bestValue < VALUE_INFINITE); return bestValue; } @@ -1795,17 +1909,16 @@ namespace { assert(threadID >= 0 && threadID < ActiveThreads); assert(ActiveThreads > 1); - Position pos = Position(sp->pos); + Position pos(*sp->pos); CheckInfo ci(pos); SearchStack* ss = sp->sstack[threadID]; - Value value; + Value value = -VALUE_INFINITE; Move move; bool isCheck = pos.is_check(); bool useFutilityPruning = sp->depth < SelectiveDepth && !isCheck; const int FutilityMoveCountMargin = 3 + (1 << (3 * int(sp->depth) / 8)); - const int FutilityValueMargin = 112 * bitScanReverse32(int(sp->depth) * int(sp->depth) / 2); while ( sp->bestValue < sp->beta && !thread_should_stop(threadID) @@ -1839,12 +1952,6 @@ namespace { continue; // Value based pruning - if (sp->futilityValue == VALUE_NONE) - { - EvalInfo ei; - sp->futilityValue = evaluate(pos, ei, threadID) + FutilityValueMargin; - } - Value futilityValueScaled = sp->futilityValue - moveCount * IncrementalFutilityMargin; if (futilityValueScaled < sp->beta) @@ -1866,19 +1973,23 @@ namespace { // Try to reduce non-pv search depth by one ply if move seems not problematic, // if the move fails high will be re-searched at full depth. + bool doFullDepthSearch = true; + if ( !dangerous - && moveCount >= LMRNonPVMoves && !captureOrPromotion && !move_is_castle(move) && !move_is_killer(move, ss[sp->ply])) { - ss[sp->ply].reduction = OnePly; - value = -search(pos, ss, -(sp->beta-1), newDepth - OnePly, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); + double red = 0.5 + ln(moveCount) * ln(sp->depth / 2) / 3.0; + if (red >= 1.0) + { + ss[sp->ply].reduction = Depth(int(floor(red * int(OnePly)))); + value = -search(pos, ss, -(sp->beta-1), newDepth-ss[sp->ply].reduction, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); + doFullDepthSearch = (value >= sp->beta); + } } - else - value = sp->beta; // Just to trigger next condition - if (value >= sp->beta) // Go with full depth non-pv search + if (doFullDepthSearch) // Go with full depth non-pv search { ss[sp->ply].reduction = Depth(0); value = -search(pos, ss, -(sp->beta - 1), newDepth, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); @@ -1940,10 +2051,10 @@ namespace { assert(threadID >= 0 && threadID < ActiveThreads); assert(ActiveThreads > 1); - Position pos = Position(sp->pos); + Position pos(*sp->pos); CheckInfo ci(pos); SearchStack* ss = sp->sstack[threadID]; - Value value; + Value value = -VALUE_INFINITE; Move move; while ( sp->alpha < sp->beta @@ -1972,34 +2083,47 @@ namespace { // Try to reduce non-pv search depth by one ply if move seems not problematic, // if the move fails high will be re-searched at full depth. + bool doFullDepthSearch = true; + if ( !dangerous - && moveCount >= LMRPVMoves && !captureOrPromotion && !move_is_castle(move) && !move_is_killer(move, ss[sp->ply])) { - ss[sp->ply].reduction = OnePly; - value = -search(pos, ss, -sp->alpha, newDepth - OnePly, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); + double red = 0.5 + ln(moveCount) * ln(sp->depth / 2) / 6.0; + if (red >= 1.0) + { + Value localAlpha = sp->alpha; + ss[sp->ply].reduction = Depth(int(floor(red * int(OnePly)))); + value = -search(pos, ss, -localAlpha, newDepth-ss[sp->ply].reduction, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); + doFullDepthSearch = (value > localAlpha); + } } - else - value = sp->alpha + 1; // Just to trigger next condition - if (value > sp->alpha) // Go with full depth non-pv search + if (doFullDepthSearch) // Go with full depth non-pv search { + Value localAlpha = sp->alpha; ss[sp->ply].reduction = Depth(0); - value = -search(pos, ss, -sp->alpha, newDepth, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); + value = -search(pos, ss, -localAlpha, newDepth, sp->ply+1, true, threadID); - if (value > sp->alpha && value < sp->beta) + if (value > localAlpha && value < sp->beta) { // When the search fails high at ply 1 while searching the first - // move at the root, set the flag failHighPly1. This is used for + // move at the root, set the flag failHighPly1. This is used for // time managment: We don't want to stop the search early in // such cases, because resolving the fail high at ply 1 could // result in a big drop in score at the root. if (sp->ply == 1 && RootMoveNumber == 1) Threads[threadID].failHighPly1 = true; - value = -search_pv(pos, ss, -sp->beta, -sp->alpha, newDepth, sp->ply+1, threadID); + // If another thread has failed high then sp->alpha has been increased + // to be higher or equal then beta, if so, avoid to start a PV search. + localAlpha = sp->alpha; + if (localAlpha < sp->beta) + value = -search_pv(pos, ss, -sp->beta, -localAlpha, newDepth, sp->ply+1, threadID); + else + assert(thread_should_stop(threadID)); + Threads[threadID].failHighPly1 = false; } } @@ -2011,35 +2135,40 @@ namespace { break; // New best move? - lock_grab(&(sp->lock)); - if (value > sp->bestValue && !thread_should_stop(threadID)) + if (value > sp->bestValue) // Less then 2% of cases { - sp->bestValue = value; - if (value > sp->alpha) + lock_grab(&(sp->lock)); + if (value > sp->bestValue && !thread_should_stop(threadID)) { - sp->alpha = value; - sp_update_pv(sp->parentSstack, ss, sp->ply); - if (value == value_mate_in(sp->ply + 1)) - ss[sp->ply].mateKiller = move; - - if (value >= sp->beta) + sp->bestValue = value; + if (value > sp->alpha) { - for (int i = 0; i < ActiveThreads; i++) - if (i != threadID && (i == sp->master || sp->slaves[i])) - Threads[i].stop = true; + // Ask threads to stop before to modify sp->alpha + if (value >= sp->beta) + { + for (int i = 0; i < ActiveThreads; i++) + if (i != threadID && (i == sp->master || sp->slaves[i])) + Threads[i].stop = true; - sp->finished = true; + sp->finished = true; + } + + sp->alpha = value; + + sp_update_pv(sp->parentSstack, ss, sp->ply); + if (value == value_mate_in(sp->ply + 1)) + ss[sp->ply].mateKiller = move; } - } - // If we are at ply 1, and we are searching the first root move at - // ply 0, set the 'Problem' variable if the score has dropped a lot - // (from the computer's point of view) since the previous iteration. - if ( sp->ply == 1 - && Iteration >= 2 - && -value <= IterationInfo[Iteration-1].value - ProblemMargin) - Problem = true; + // If we are at ply 1, and we are searching the first root move at + // ply 0, set the 'Problem' variable if the score has dropped a lot + // (from the computer's point of view) since the previous iteration. + if ( sp->ply == 1 + && Iteration >= 2 + && -value <= IterationInfo[Iteration-1].value - ProblemMargin) + Problem = true; + } + lock_release(&(sp->lock)); } - lock_release(&(sp->lock)); } lock_grab(&(sp->lock)); @@ -2421,9 +2550,8 @@ namespace { Square mfrom, mto, tfrom, tto; - // Prune if there isn't any threat move and - // is not a castling move (common case). - if (threat == MOVE_NONE && !move_is_castle(m)) + // Prune if there isn't any threat move + if (threat == MOVE_NONE) return true; mfrom = move_from(m); @@ -2431,15 +2559,11 @@ namespace { tfrom = move_from(threat); tto = move_to(threat); - // Case 1: Castling moves are never pruned - if (move_is_castle(m)) - return false; - - // Case 2: Don't prune moves which move the threatened piece + // Case 1: Don't prune moves which move the threatened piece if (mfrom == tto) return false; - // Case 3: If the threatened piece has value less than or equal to the + // Case 2: If the threatened piece has value less than or equal to the // value of the threatening piece, don't prune move which defend it. if ( pos.move_is_capture(threat) && ( pos.midgame_value_of_piece_on(tfrom) >= pos.midgame_value_of_piece_on(tto) @@ -2447,7 +2571,7 @@ namespace { && pos.move_attacks_square(m, tto)) return false; - // Case 4: If the moving piece in the threatened move is a slider, don't + // Case 3: If the moving piece in the threatened move is a slider, don't // prune safe moves which block its ray. if ( piece_is_slider(pos.piece_on(tfrom)) && bit_is_set(squares_between(tfrom, tto), mto) @@ -2474,6 +2598,23 @@ namespace { } + // refine_eval() returns the transposition table score if + // possible otherwise falls back on static position evaluation. + + Value refine_eval(const TTEntry* tte, Value defaultEval, int ply) { + + if (!tte) + return defaultEval; + + Value v = value_from_tt(tte->value(), ply); + + if ( (is_lower_bound(tte->type()) && v >= defaultEval) + || (is_upper_bound(tte->type()) && v < defaultEval)) + return v; + + return defaultEval; + } + // update_history() registers a good move that produced a beta-cutoff // in history and marks as failures all the other moves of that ply. @@ -2624,7 +2765,7 @@ namespace { || stillAtFirstMove //FIXME: We are not checking any problem flags, BUG? || noProblemFound; - if ( (Iteration >= 3 && !InfiniteSearch && noMoreTime) + if ( (Iteration >= 3 && UseTimeManagement && noMoreTime) || (ExactMaxTime && t >= ExactMaxTime) || (Iteration >= 3 && MaxNodes && nodes_searched() >= MaxNodes)) AbortSearch = true; @@ -2654,7 +2795,7 @@ namespace { || stillAtFirstMove || noProblemFound; - if (Iteration >= 3 && !InfiniteSearch && (noMoreTime || StopOnPonderhit)) + if (Iteration >= 3 && UseTimeManagement && (noMoreTime || StopOnPonderhit)) AbortSearch = true; } @@ -2756,6 +2897,8 @@ namespace { // If this thread has been assigned work, launch a search if (Threads[threadID].workIsWaiting) { + assert(!Threads[threadID].idle); + Threads[threadID].workIsWaiting = false; if (Threads[threadID].splitPoint->pvNode) sp_search_pv(Threads[threadID].splitPoint, threadID); @@ -2842,7 +2985,10 @@ namespace { if (!Threads[slave].idle || slave == master) return false; - if (Threads[slave].activeSplitPoints == 0) + // Make a local copy to be sure doesn't change under our feet + int localActiveSplitPoints = Threads[slave].activeSplitPoints; + + if (localActiveSplitPoints == 0) // No active split points means that the thread is available as // a slave for any other thread. return true; @@ -2850,8 +2996,10 @@ namespace { if (ActiveThreads == 2) return true; - // Apply the "helpful master" concept if possible - if (SplitPointStack[slave][Threads[slave].activeSplitPoints - 1].slaves[master]) + // Apply the "helpful master" concept if possible. Use localActiveSplitPoints + // that is known to be > 0, instead of Threads[slave].activeSplitPoints that + // could have been set to 0 by another thread leading to an out of bound access. + if (SplitPointStack[slave][localActiveSplitPoints - 1].slaves[master]) return true; return false; @@ -2901,7 +3049,6 @@ namespace { assert(ActiveThreads > 1); SplitPoint* splitPoint; - int i; lock_grab(&MPLock); @@ -2918,7 +3065,7 @@ namespace { splitPoint = SplitPointStack[master] + Threads[master].activeSplitPoints; Threads[master].activeSplitPoints++; - // Initialize the split point object and copy current position + // Initialize the split point object splitPoint->parent = Threads[master].splitPoint; splitPoint->finished = false; splitPoint->ply = ply; @@ -2932,37 +3079,40 @@ namespace { splitPoint->mp = mp; splitPoint->moves = *moves; splitPoint->cpus = 1; - splitPoint->pos.copy(p); + splitPoint->pos = &p; splitPoint->parentSstack = sstck; - for (i = 0; i < ActiveThreads; i++) + for (int i = 0; i < ActiveThreads; i++) splitPoint->slaves[i] = 0; - // Copy the current search stack to the master thread - memcpy(splitPoint->sstack[master], sstck, (ply+1) * sizeof(SearchStack)); + Threads[master].idle = false; + Threads[master].stop = false; Threads[master].splitPoint = splitPoint; - // Make copies of the current position and search stack for each thread - for (i = 0; i < ActiveThreads && splitPoint->cpus < MaxThreadsPerSplitPoint; i++) + // Allocate available threads setting idle flag to false + for (int i = 0; i < ActiveThreads && splitPoint->cpus < MaxThreadsPerSplitPoint; i++) if (thread_is_available(i, master)) { - memcpy(splitPoint->sstack[i], sstck, (ply+1) * sizeof(SearchStack)); + Threads[i].idle = false; + Threads[i].stop = false; Threads[i].splitPoint = splitPoint; splitPoint->slaves[i] = 1; splitPoint->cpus++; } + assert(splitPoint->cpus > 1); + + // We can release the lock because master and slave threads are already booked + lock_release(&MPLock); + // Tell the threads that they have work to do. This will make them leave - // their idle loop. - for (i = 0; i < ActiveThreads; i++) + // their idle loop. But before copy search stack tail for each thread. + for (int i = 0; i < ActiveThreads; i++) if (i == master || splitPoint->slaves[i]) { - Threads[i].workIsWaiting = true; - Threads[i].idle = false; - Threads[i].stop = false; + memcpy(splitPoint->sstack[i] + ply - 1, sstck + ply - 1, 3 * sizeof(SearchStack)); + Threads[i].workIsWaiting = true; // This makes the slave to exit from idle_loop() } - lock_release(&MPLock); - // Everything is set up. The master thread enters the idle loop, from // which it will instantly launch a search, because its workIsWaiting // slot is 'true'. We send the split point as a second parameter to the