From 33c3a0465358116560174ae7421144be714e43f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alain SAVARD <support@multicim.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2019 09:02:26 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] Pawn clean up

Non functional simplification when we find the passed pawns in pawn.cpp
and some code clean up. It also better follows the pattern "flag the pawn"
and "score the pawn".

-------------------------

The idea behind the third condition for candidate passed pawn is a little
bit difficult to visualize. Just for the record, the idea is the following:

Consider White e5 d4 against black e6. d4 can (in some endgames) push
to d5 and lever e6. Thanks to this sacrifice, or after d5xe6, we consider
e5 as "passed".

However:
- if White e5/d4 against black e6/c6: d4 cannot safely push to d5 since d5 is double attacked;
- if White e5/d4 against black e6/d5: d4 cannot safely push to d5 since it is occupied.

This is exactly what the following expression does:

```
   && (shift<Up>(support) & ~(theirPawns | dblAttackThem)))
```

--------------------------

http://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/5d3325bb0ebc5925cf0e6e91
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) [-3.00,1.00]
Total: 124666 W: 27586 L: 27669 D: 69411

Closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/2255

No functional change
---
 src/pawns.cpp  | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 src/search.cpp |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/pawns.cpp b/src/pawns.cpp
index 0d3a57bf..9755c2ec 100644
--- a/src/pawns.cpp
+++ b/src/pawns.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ namespace {
   constexpr Score Backward      = S( 9, 24);
   constexpr Score Doubled       = S(11, 56);
   constexpr Score Isolated      = S( 5, 15);
+  constexpr Score WeakLever     = S( 0, 56);
   constexpr Score WeakUnopposed = S(13, 27);
-  constexpr Score Attacked2Unsupported = S(0, 56);
 
   // Connected pawn bonus
   constexpr int Connected[RANK_NB] = { 0, 7, 8, 12, 29, 48, 86 };
@@ -73,13 +73,15 @@ namespace {
     Bitboard b, neighbours, stoppers, doubled, support, phalanx;
     Bitboard lever, leverPush;
     Square s;
-    bool opposed, backward;
+    bool opposed, backward, passed;
     Score score = SCORE_ZERO;
     const Square* pl = pos.squares<PAWN>(Us);
 
     Bitboard ourPawns   = pos.pieces(  Us, PAWN);
     Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pieces(Them, PAWN);
 
+    Bitboard doubleAttackThem = pawn_double_attacks_bb<Them>(theirPawns);
+
     e->passedPawns[Us] = e->pawnAttacksSpan[Us] = 0;
     e->kingSquares[Us] = SQ_NONE;
     e->pawnAttacks[Us] = pawn_attacks_bb<Us>(ourPawns);
@@ -109,22 +111,21 @@ namespace {
         backward =  !(neighbours & forward_ranks_bb(Them, s))
                   && (stoppers & (leverPush | (s + Up)));
 
-        // Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
-        // full attack info to evaluate them. Include also not passed pawns
-        // which could become passed after one or two pawn pushes when they
-        // are not attacked more times than defended.
-        if ( !(stoppers ^ lever) ||
-            (!(stoppers ^ leverPush) && popcount(phalanx) >= popcount(leverPush)))
+        // A pawn is passed if one of the three following conditions is true:
+        // (a) there is no stoppers except some levers
+        // (b) the only stoppers are the leverPush, but we outnumber them
+        // (c) there is only one front stopper which can be levered.
+        passed =   !(stoppers ^ lever)
+                || (   !(stoppers ^ leverPush)
+                    && popcount(phalanx) >= popcount(leverPush))
+                || (   stoppers == square_bb(s + Up) && r >= RANK_5
+                    && (shift<Up>(support) & ~(theirPawns | doubleAttackThem)));
+
+        // Passed pawns will be properly scored later in evaluation when we have
+        // full attack info.
+        if (passed)
             e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
 
-        else if (stoppers == square_bb(s + Up) && r >= RANK_5)
-        {
-            b = shift<Up>(support) & ~theirPawns;
-            while (b)
-                if (!more_than_one(theirPawns & PawnAttacks[Us][pop_lsb(&b)]))
-                    e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
-        }
-
         // Score this pawn
         if (support | phalanx)
         {
@@ -144,11 +145,11 @@ namespace {
             score -= Doubled;
     }
 
-    // Unsupported friendly pawns attacked twice by the enemy
-    score -= Attacked2Unsupported * popcount(  ourPawns
-                                             & pawn_double_attacks_bb<Them>(theirPawns)
-                                             & ~pawn_attacks_bb<Us>(ourPawns)
-                                             & ~e->passedPawns[Us]);
+    // Penalize the unsupported and non passed pawns attacked twice by the enemy
+    b =   ourPawns
+        & doubleAttackThem
+        & ~(e->pawnAttacks[Us] | e->passedPawns[Us]);
+    score -= WeakLever * popcount(b);
 
     return score;
   }
diff --git a/src/search.cpp b/src/search.cpp
index f50fdf88..222be393 100644
--- a/src/search.cpp
+++ b/src/search.cpp
@@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ moves_loop: // When in check, search starts from here
                                         : -stat_bonus(newDepth);
 
               if (move == ss->killers[0])
-              	  bonus += bonus / 4;
+                  bonus += bonus / 4;
 
               update_continuation_histories(ss, movedPiece, to_sq(move), bonus);
           }
-- 
2.39.2