4 # Backup up Unix-like computers
8 # This script was first checked into RCS in 2000, and has since backed up a few
9 # servers almost every day, whenever not broken.
11 # It's a bit peculiar, but quite effective. The following is worth keeping in
14 # Because of the way we run this script from cron, informational logging goes
15 # to stderr and warnings and errors to stdout. This way, we get mail whenever
16 # stuff fails, and other output is redirected to the log file.
18 # The script is halfway Norwegian and halfway English. Newer modifications are
19 # in English, we should probably stick to that.
21 SCRIPTPATH="$( cd "$(dirname "$0")" ; pwd -P )" # Absolute directory the script lives in
22 confdir=$SCRIPTPATH/conf/ # Directory configuration files
23 [ -r $confdir/env ] && . $confdir/env
25 # Default configuration; used unless $confdir/env has set something different.
26 storagedir=${storagedir:-/backup} # Where we keep backups
27 exclude=${exclude:-$confdir/exclude} # List of exclude patterns
28 maxnumfull=${maxnumfull:-3} # Number of full backups
29 daysbetweenfull=${daysbetweenfull:-30} # Days between full backups
31 # Days between full backups for machines with fixed full-backup date
32 # (in case the fixed day gets missed).
33 daysbetweenfullforfixed=${daysbetweenfullforfixed:-32}
35 # End of configuration.
37 computer=$1 # The computer to backup.
38 LOCKFILE=$SCRIPTPATH/backuprun.lockfile.$computer
39 DAY_OF_MONTH=`date "+%d" | sed s/^0//` # from 1 to 31
40 DATE=`date "+%Y%m%d%H%M"` # format: touch
41 DATEs=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"` # format: tar
43 if [ -z "$computer" ]; then
44 echo "Usage: $0 COMPUTER"
48 [ ! -f $exclude ] && printf "tmp\ncore\n" > $exclude
50 # Die more or less gracefully (at least notify user)
61 echo `date`": $computer: $@"
62 echo `date`": $computer: $@" >&2
65 echo `date`": $computer: $@" >&2
69 trap die SIGINT SIGTERM
71 # Don't start if we're already running. Don't use diemsg, as that removes the lock file!
72 if [ -e $LOCKFILE ]; then
73 warnmsg "$LOCKFILE exists for pid `cat $LOCKFILE`."
79 infomsg "Backup run starting"
85 infomsg "$computer:$filesystem $backuplevel backup"
87 localsnar="${storagedir}/${computer}/${sfilesystem}/.incremental.snar"
88 remotesnar="$remotehome/.backup/${sfilesystem}.snar"
89 if [ "$backuplevel" = "daglig" ]; then
90 # If incremental backup, we need to copy the incremental status to $computer.
91 # If it does not exist, whine a bit and then run date-based instead.
92 if [ -s "$localsnar" ]; then
93 if ! scp $localsnar $username@$computer:$remotesnar >&2; then
94 diemsg "Could not copy .incremental.snar to $computer"
96 lastcmd="--listed-incremental=$remotesnar --no-check-device"
98 infomsg "Missing incremental.snar for $filesystem, doing date-based backup instead until next full backup"
101 lastcmd="--newer='$lastd'"
104 # Note: Since we rm-ed .backup previously, and we don't scp over
105 # anything in this branch, this file will not exist, and we
106 # will be doing a full backup (but we want the output of it).
107 lastcmd="--listed-incremental=$remotesnar"
110 # The file is usually stored to disk with a simple cat > $TARFILE,
111 # but in some cases, like backing up to a remote and untrusted
112 # file system, it could be useful to replace it with e.g.
113 # a GPG command line.
114 if [ -f $confdir/storageprogram.$computer ]; then
115 storageprogram=`cat $confdir/storageprogram.$computer`
120 # We try to run tar on the remote computer
122 # C change to directory first
123 # . where to start taring (see C)
124 # $lastcmd only files newer than this
125 # --one-file-system don't traverse file systems
126 # --use-compress-program compress it using gzip or pigz
127 # --exclude-from file to get exclusion pattern from
128 # Pipe the stuff over ssh to ourselves, run pee to cat the contents to a
129 # file and build a file list, respectivly.
131 TARCMD="ssh -n $username@$computer \"nice -n 19 ionice -c3 tar --one-file-system --use-compress-program $compressor -cf - -C $filesystem . $lastcmd \
132 --exclude-from=$remotehome/.backup/exclude\" | pee \"$storageprogram > $TARFILE\" \"tar tzvf -\""
133 infomsg "Running $TARCMD"
134 eval $TARCMD > $DATE.idx
136 if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ -s $TARFILE ]; then
137 # File is >0 in size and neither cat or tar tzvf failed; we assume it worked.
139 if [ "$remotesnar" ]; then
140 if ! scp $username@$computer:$remotesnar $localsnar.tmp >&2; then
141 diemsg "Could not copy .incremental.snar from $computer"
145 # Move tar file in place
146 mv $TARFILE $DATE.tgz
147 if [ "$remotesnar" ]; then
148 mv $localsnar.tmp $localsnar
152 echo $DATEs > ../.date && touch -t $DATE ../.date
155 chmod 600 *tgz #only for us
156 chmod 644 *idx 2>/dev/null #everyone can read
158 # Let the remote computer know that we ran a successful backup (for nagios)
159 ssh -n $username@$computer touch $filesystem/.lastbackup
161 # Something wrong happened.
163 diemsg "tar failed or $TARFILE empty. $backuplevel backup of $computer:$filesystem failed and deleted"
167 # Non-privileged backups currently have a few limitations compared to regular ones:
170 # - No .snar-style incremental backups, only date-based.
171 # - No touching of .lastbackup for Nagios.
172 # - Failed tar operations may go undetected, since we only see the error code
173 # the last process in the pipe chain, which is gpg.
174 # - No storageprogram support (see above), because the file is typically already
178 infomsg "$computer:$filesystem $backuplevel non-privileged backup"
180 if [ "$backuplevel" = "daglig" ]; then
188 TARCMD="ssh -n $username@$computer \"sudo /usr/local/sbin/output-encrypted-backup $filesystem $lastcmd\""
189 infomsg "Running $TARCMD"
190 eval $TARCMD > $TARFILE
192 if [ $? -eq 0 ] && [ -s $TARFILE ]; then
193 # File is >0 in size and the remote side did not report any fatal errors; we assume it worked.
195 # Move tar file in place
196 mv $TARFILE $DATE.tgz.gpg
199 echo $DATEs > ../.date && touch -t $DATE ../.date
202 chmod 600 *tgz.gpg #only for us
204 # Something wrong happened.
206 diemsg "tar failed or $TARFILE empty. $backuplevel backup of $computer:$filesystem failed and deleted"
210 # Check that the target filesystem is mounted (actually check that it's not
211 # the root filesystem)
212 if [ ! -d "$storagedir/$computer" ]; then
213 diemsg "Target filesystem ($storagedir/$computer) does not exist."
215 rootfilesystem=`df -P /`
216 targetfilesystem=`df -P "$storagedir/$computer"`
217 if [ "$rootfilesystem" == "$targetfilesystem" ]; then
218 diemsg "Target filesystem ($storagedir/$computer) was mounted on /."
221 # Find the user to do the backup as.
222 if [ -f $confdir/username.$computer ] ; then
223 username=`cat $confdir/username.$computer`
228 infomsg "Backing up $computer"
230 # Try to SSH to the computer without entering a password.
231 if ! ssh -n -o NumberOfPasswordPrompts=0 $username@$computer /bin/true; then
232 diemsg "Could not use passwordless SSH."
235 # Find the home directory of the backup user
236 remotehome=`ssh -n $username@$computer "echo ~"`
237 if [ -z "$remotehome" ]; then
238 diemsg "Could not expand ~ for user $username"
241 # Check if pigz is available
242 if ssh -n $username@$computer "pigz -V 2>/dev/null"; then
245 infomsg "pigz missing; falling back to gzip."
249 # Check dump bit in fstab
250 filesystems=`ssh -n $username@$computer "cat /etc/fstab" \
254 | awk '{ if ( $(NF-1) != "0" ) print $2}' `
256 # Clean up our dir at this client
257 if ! ssh -n $username@$computer "rm -r $remotehome/.backup ; mkdir -m 700 $remotehome/.backup"; then
258 diemsg "Could not create backup staging area at $computer:$remotehome/.backup"
261 # Try to copy $exclude to $computer
262 if ! scp $exclude $username@$computer:$remotehome/.backup/exclude >&2; then
263 diemsg "Could not copy exclude.txt to $computer"
266 # Try to copy preeexec and postexec if they exist
267 if [ -f $confdir/preexec.$computer ]; then
268 if ! scp $confdir/preexec.$computer $username@$computer:$remotehome/.backup/preexec >&2; then
269 diemsg "Could not copy preexec.$computer to $computer:$remotehome/.backup/preexec"
272 if [ -f $confdir/postexec.$computer ]; then
273 if ! scp $confdir/postexec.$computer $username@$computer:$remotehome/.backup/postexec >&2; then
274 diemsg "Could not copy postexec.$computer to $computer:$remotehome/.backup/postexec"
278 # Try to run preexec if it exists
279 if ! ssh -n $username@$computer "[ ! -f $remotehome/.backup/preexec ] || /bin/bash -x $remotehome/.backup/preexec" >&2; then
280 diemsg "Could not run $computer:$remotehome/.backup/preexec"
283 for filesystem in $filesystems; do
284 # Remove / and $ (for Windows) for path names
285 sfilesystem=`echo $filesystem | tr '\/\$' '__'`
287 # Prepare storage area
288 mkdir -m 755 -p $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/full 2>/dev/null
289 mkdir -m 755 -p $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/daglig 2>/dev/null
291 # Default backuplevel
294 if [ ! -s $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/.date ]; then
295 # Take the first full backup of this filesystem on this computer
299 # Check if we want a full backup
300 if [ -f $confdir/fastfullbackupdag.$computer.$sfilesystem ]; then
301 fullbackup_min_for_this_machine=$daysbetweenfullforfixed
302 if [ "$DAY_OF_MONTH" = "`cat $confdir/fastfullbackupdag.$computer.$sfilesystem`" ]; then
305 elif [ -f $confdir/fastfullbackupdag.$computer ]; then
306 fullbackup_min_for_this_machine=$daysbetweenfullforfixed
307 if [ "$DAY_OF_MONTH" = "`cat $confdir/fastfullbackupdag.$computer`" ]; then
311 fullbackup_min_for_this_machine=$daysbetweenfull
314 if [ -z "`find $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/full/ -name \*tgz\* -mtime -$fullbackup_min_for_this_machine`" ]; then
319 cd $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/$backuplevel || diemsg "$storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/$backuplevel does not exist"
321 # Perform the actual backup
322 if [ "$username" = "root" ]; then
328 # Check if this box has a custom number of full backups
329 if [ -f $confdir/maksfulle.$computer.$sfilesystem ]; then
330 mf=$((`cat $confdir/maksfulle.$computer.$sfilesystem`+1))
331 elif [ -f $confdir/maksfulle.$computer ] ; then
332 mf=$((`cat $confdir/maksfulle.$computer`+1))
334 mf=$(($maxnumfull+1))
337 # Delete old full backups
338 for full in `ls -1t $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/full/*tgz* | tail -n +$mf`; do
339 prefix=`echo $full | sed "s/\.[^.]*$//"`
340 infomsg "$computer:$filesystem Deleting full backup $prefix"
344 # Delete incremental backups older than the oldest full backup
345 oldf=`ls -t1 $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/full/*tgz* | tail -1`
347 $storagedir/$computer/$sfilesystem/daglig \
350 -printf "`date`: $computer: Deleting old incremental backup: %p\n" \
354 # Try to run postexec if it exist
355 if ! ssh -n $username@$computer "[ ! -f $remotehome/.backup/postexec ] || /bin/bash -x $remotehome/.backup/postexec" >&2; then
356 diemsg "Could not run $computer:$remotehome/.backup/postexec"
359 # Use warn so that we will get an email even on success.
360 warnmsg "Backup completed successfully."