2 Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
3 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
4 Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
6 Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
32 #define S(mg, eg) make_score(mg, eg)
34 // Doubled pawn penalty by file
35 const Score Doubled[FILE_NB] = {
36 S(13, 43), S(20, 48), S(23, 48), S(23, 48),
37 S(23, 48), S(23, 48), S(20, 48), S(13, 43) };
39 // Isolated pawn penalty by opposed flag and file
40 const Score Isolated[2][FILE_NB] = {
41 { S(37, 45), S(54, 52), S(60, 52), S(60, 52),
42 S(60, 52), S(60, 52), S(54, 52), S(37, 45) },
43 { S(25, 30), S(36, 35), S(40, 35), S(40, 35),
44 S(40, 35), S(40, 35), S(36, 35), S(25, 30) } };
46 // Backward pawn penalty by opposed flag
47 const Score Backward[2] = { S(67, 42), S(49, 24) };
49 // Connected pawn bonus by opposed, phalanx, twice supported and rank
50 Score Connected[2][2][2][RANK_NB];
52 // Levers bonus by rank
53 const Score Lever[RANK_NB] = {
54 S( 0, 0), S( 0, 0), S(0, 0), S(0, 0),
55 S(20,20), S(40,40), S(0, 0), S(0, 0) };
57 // Unsupported pawn penalty
58 const Score UnsupportedPawnPenalty = S(20, 10);
60 // Center bind bonus: Two pawns controlling the same central square
61 const Bitboard CenterBindMask[COLOR_NB] = {
62 (FileDBB | FileEBB) & (Rank5BB | Rank6BB | Rank7BB),
63 (FileDBB | FileEBB) & (Rank4BB | Rank3BB | Rank2BB)
66 const Score CenterBind = S(16, 0);
68 // Weakness of our pawn shelter in front of the king by [distance from edge][rank]
69 const Value ShelterWeakness[][RANK_NB] = {
70 { V( 97), V(21), V(26), V(51), V(87), V( 89), V( 99) },
71 { V(120), V( 0), V(28), V(76), V(88), V(103), V(104) },
72 { V(101), V( 7), V(54), V(78), V(77), V( 92), V(101) },
73 { V( 80), V(11), V(44), V(68), V(87), V( 90), V(119) } };
75 // Danger of enemy pawns moving toward our king by [type][distance from edge][rank]
76 const Value StormDanger[][4][RANK_NB] = {
77 { { V( 0), V( 67), V( 134), V(38), V(32) },
78 { V( 0), V( 57), V( 139), V(37), V(22) },
79 { V( 0), V( 43), V( 115), V(43), V(27) },
80 { V( 0), V( 68), V( 124), V(57), V(32) } },
81 { { V(20), V( 43), V( 100), V(56), V(20) },
82 { V(23), V( 20), V( 98), V(40), V(15) },
83 { V(23), V( 39), V( 103), V(36), V(18) },
84 { V(28), V( 19), V( 108), V(42), V(26) } },
85 { { V( 0), V( 0), V( 75), V(14), V( 2) },
86 { V( 0), V( 0), V( 150), V(30), V( 4) },
87 { V( 0), V( 0), V( 160), V(22), V( 5) },
88 { V( 0), V( 0), V( 166), V(24), V(13) } },
89 { { V( 0), V(-283), V(-281), V(57), V(31) },
90 { V( 0), V( 58), V( 141), V(39), V(18) },
91 { V( 0), V( 65), V( 142), V(48), V(32) },
92 { V( 0), V( 60), V( 126), V(51), V(19) } } };
94 // Max bonus for king safety. Corresponds to start position with all the pawns
95 // in front of the king and no enemy pawn on the horizon.
96 const Value MaxSafetyBonus = V(258);
102 Score evaluate(const Position& pos, Pawns::Entry* e) {
104 const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
105 const Square Up = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_N : DELTA_S);
106 const Square Right = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NE : DELTA_SW);
107 const Square Left = (Us == WHITE ? DELTA_NW : DELTA_SE);
109 Bitboard b, neighbours, doubled, supported, phalanx;
111 bool passed, isolated, opposed, backward, lever, connected;
112 Score score = SCORE_ZERO;
113 const Square* pl = pos.list<PAWN>(Us);
114 const Bitboard* pawnAttacksBB = StepAttacksBB[make_piece(Us, PAWN)];
116 Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pieces(Us , PAWN);
117 Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pieces(Them, PAWN);
119 e->passedPawns[Us] = 0;
120 e->kingSquares[Us] = SQ_NONE;
121 e->semiopenFiles[Us] = 0xFF;
122 e->pawnAttacks[Us] = shift_bb<Right>(ourPawns) | shift_bb<Left>(ourPawns);
123 e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK] = popcount<Max15>(ourPawns & DarkSquares);
124 e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][WHITE] = pos.count<PAWN>(Us) - e->pawnsOnSquares[Us][BLACK];
126 // Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
127 while ((s = *pl++) != SQ_NONE)
129 assert(pos.piece_on(s) == make_piece(Us, PAWN));
133 // This file cannot be semi-open
134 e->semiopenFiles[Us] &= ~(1 << f);
137 neighbours = ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(f);
138 doubled = ourPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
139 opposed = theirPawns & forward_bb(Us, s);
140 passed = !(theirPawns & passed_pawn_mask(Us, s));
141 lever = theirPawns & pawnAttacksBB[s];
142 phalanx = neighbours & rank_bb(s);
143 supported = neighbours & rank_bb(s - Up);
144 connected = supported | phalanx;
145 isolated = !neighbours;
147 // Test for backward pawn.
148 // If the pawn is passed, isolated, lever or connected it cannot be
149 // backward. If there are friendly pawns behind on adjacent files
150 // or if it is sufficiently advanced, it cannot be backward either.
151 if ( (passed | isolated | lever | connected)
152 || (ourPawns & pawn_attack_span(Them, s))
153 || (relative_rank(Us, s) >= RANK_5))
157 // We now know there are no friendly pawns beside or behind this
158 // pawn on adjacent files. We now check whether the pawn is
159 // backward by looking in the forward direction on the adjacent
160 // files, and picking the closest pawn there.
161 b = pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & (ourPawns | theirPawns);
162 b = pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & rank_bb(backmost_sq(Us, b));
164 // If we have an enemy pawn in the same or next rank, the pawn is
165 // backward because it cannot advance without being captured.
166 backward = (b | shift_bb<Up>(b)) & theirPawns;
169 assert(opposed | passed | (pawn_attack_span(Us, s) & theirPawns));
171 // Passed pawns will be properly scored in evaluation because we need
172 // full attack info to evaluate passed pawns. Only the frontmost passed
173 // pawn on each file is considered a true passed pawn.
174 if (passed && !doubled)
175 e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
179 score -= Isolated[opposed][f];
182 score -= Backward[opposed];
185 score -= UnsupportedPawnPenalty;
188 score += Connected[opposed][!!phalanx][more_than_one(supported)][relative_rank(Us, s)];
191 score -= Doubled[f] / distance<Rank>(s, frontmost_sq(Us, doubled));
194 score += Lever[relative_rank(Us, s)];
197 b = e->semiopenFiles[Us] ^ 0xFF;
198 e->pawnSpan[Us] = b ? int(msb(b) - lsb(b)) : 0;
200 // Center binds: Two pawns controlling the same central square
201 b = shift_bb<Right>(ourPawns) & shift_bb<Left>(ourPawns) & CenterBindMask[Us];
202 score += popcount<Max15>(b) * CenterBind;
211 /// Pawns::init() initializes some tables needed by evaluation. Instead of using
212 /// hard-coded tables, when makes sense, we prefer to calculate them with a formula
213 /// to reduce independent parameters and to allow easier tuning and better insight.
217 static const int Seed[RANK_NB] = { 0, 6, 15, 10, 57, 75, 135, 258 };
219 for (int opposed = 0; opposed <= 1; ++opposed)
220 for (int phalanx = 0; phalanx <= 1; ++phalanx)
221 for (int apex = 0; apex <= 1; ++apex)
222 for (Rank r = RANK_2; r < RANK_8; ++r)
224 int v = (Seed[r] + (phalanx ? (Seed[r + 1] - Seed[r]) / 2 : 0)) >> opposed;
225 v += (apex ? v / 2 : 0);
226 Connected[opposed][phalanx][apex][r] = make_score(3 * v / 2, v);
231 /// Pawns::probe() looks up the current position's pawns configuration in
232 /// the pawns hash table. It returns a pointer to the Entry if the position
233 /// is found. Otherwise a new Entry is computed and stored there, so we don't
234 /// have to recompute all when the same pawns configuration occurs again.
236 Entry* probe(const Position& pos) {
238 Key key = pos.pawn_key();
239 Entry* e = pos.this_thread()->pawnsTable[key];
245 e->score = evaluate<WHITE>(pos, e) - evaluate<BLACK>(pos, e);
250 /// Entry::shelter_storm() calculates shelter and storm penalties for the file
251 /// the king is on, as well as the two adjacent files.
254 Value Entry::shelter_storm(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
256 const Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
258 enum { NoFriendlyPawn, Unblocked, BlockedByPawn, BlockedByKing };
260 Bitboard b = pos.pieces(PAWN) & (in_front_bb(Us, rank_of(ksq)) | rank_bb(ksq));
261 Bitboard ourPawns = b & pos.pieces(Us);
262 Bitboard theirPawns = b & pos.pieces(Them);
263 Value safety = MaxSafetyBonus;
264 File center = std::max(FILE_B, std::min(FILE_G, file_of(ksq)));
266 for (File f = center - File(1); f <= center + File(1); ++f)
268 b = ourPawns & file_bb(f);
269 Rank rkUs = b ? relative_rank(Us, backmost_sq(Us, b)) : RANK_1;
271 b = theirPawns & file_bb(f);
272 Rank rkThem = b ? relative_rank(Us, frontmost_sq(Them, b)) : RANK_1;
274 safety -= ShelterWeakness[std::min(f, FILE_H - f)][rkUs]
276 [f == file_of(ksq) && rkThem == relative_rank(Us, ksq) + 1 ? BlockedByKing :
277 rkUs == RANK_1 ? NoFriendlyPawn :
278 rkThem == rkUs + 1 ? BlockedByPawn : Unblocked]
279 [std::min(f, FILE_H - f)][rkThem];
286 /// Entry::do_king_safety() calculates a bonus for king safety. It is called only
287 /// when king square changes, which is about 20% of total king_safety() calls.
290 Score Entry::do_king_safety(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
292 kingSquares[Us] = ksq;
293 castlingRights[Us] = pos.can_castle(Us);
294 int minKingPawnDistance = 0;
296 Bitboard pawns = pos.pieces(Us, PAWN);
298 while (!(DistanceRingBB[ksq][minKingPawnDistance++] & pawns)) {}
300 if (relative_rank(Us, ksq) > RANK_4)
301 return make_score(0, -16 * minKingPawnDistance);
303 Value bonus = shelter_storm<Us>(pos, ksq);
305 // If we can castle use the bonus after the castling if it is bigger
306 if (pos.can_castle(MakeCastling<Us, KING_SIDE>::right))
307 bonus = std::max(bonus, shelter_storm<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_G1)));
309 if (pos.can_castle(MakeCastling<Us, QUEEN_SIDE>::right))
310 bonus = std::max(bonus, shelter_storm<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_C1)));
312 return make_score(bonus, -16 * minKingPawnDistance);
315 // Explicit template instantiation
316 template Score Entry::do_king_safety<WHITE>(const Position& pos, Square ksq);
317 template Score Entry::do_king_safety<BLACK>(const Position& pos, Square ksq);