// History and stats update bonus, based on depth
int stat_bonus(Depth depth) {
int d = depth / ONE_PLY;
- return d > 17 ? 0 : d * d + 2 * d - 2;
+ return d > 17 ? 0 : 32 * d * d + 64 * d - 64;
}
// Skill structure is used to implement strength limit
};
template <NodeType NT>
- Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode, bool skipEarlyPruning);
+ Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode);
template <NodeType NT>
Value qsearch(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth = DEPTH_ZERO);
for (RootMove& rm : rootMoves)
rm.previousScore = rm.score;
- size_t PVFirst = 0;
- PVLast = 0;
+ size_t pvFirst = 0;
+ pvLast = 0;
// MultiPV loop. We perform a full root search for each PV line
- for (PVIdx = 0; PVIdx < multiPV && !Threads.stop; ++PVIdx)
+ for (pvIdx = 0; pvIdx < multiPV && !Threads.stop; ++pvIdx)
{
- if (PVIdx == PVLast)
+ if (pvIdx == pvLast)
{
- PVFirst = PVLast;
- for (PVLast++; PVLast < rootMoves.size(); PVLast++)
- if (rootMoves[PVLast].TBRank != rootMoves[PVFirst].TBRank)
+ pvFirst = pvLast;
+ for (pvLast++; pvLast < rootMoves.size(); pvLast++)
+ if (rootMoves[pvLast].tbRank != rootMoves[pvFirst].tbRank)
break;
}
// Reset aspiration window starting size
if (rootDepth >= 5 * ONE_PLY)
{
- Value previousScore = rootMoves[PVIdx].previousScore;
+ Value previousScore = rootMoves[pvIdx].previousScore;
delta = Value(18);
alpha = std::max(previousScore - delta,-VALUE_INFINITE);
beta = std::min(previousScore + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
// Adjust contempt based on root move's previousScore (dynamic contempt)
- int dct = ct + int(std::round(48 * atan(float(previousScore) / 128)));
+ int dct = ct + 88 * previousScore / (abs(previousScore) + 200);
contempt = (us == WHITE ? make_score(dct, dct / 2)
: -make_score(dct, dct / 2));
// high/low anymore.
while (true)
{
- bestValue = ::search<PV>(rootPos, ss, alpha, beta, rootDepth, false, false);
+ bestValue = ::search<PV>(rootPos, ss, alpha, beta, rootDepth, false);
// Bring the best move to the front. It is critical that sorting
// is done with a stable algorithm because all the values but the
// and we want to keep the same order for all the moves except the
// new PV that goes to the front. Note that in case of MultiPV
// search the already searched PV lines are preserved.
- std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin() + PVIdx, rootMoves.begin() + PVLast);
+ std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin() + pvIdx, rootMoves.begin() + pvLast);
// If search has been stopped, we break immediately. Sorting is
// safe because RootMoves is still valid, although it refers to
}
// Sort the PV lines searched so far and update the GUI
- std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin() + PVFirst, rootMoves.begin() + PVIdx + 1);
+ std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin() + pvFirst, rootMoves.begin() + pvIdx + 1);
if ( mainThread
- && (Threads.stop || PVIdx + 1 == multiPV || Time.elapsed() > 3000))
+ && (Threads.stop || pvIdx + 1 == multiPV || Time.elapsed() > 3000))
sync_cout << UCI::pv(rootPos, rootDepth, alpha, beta) << sync_endl;
}
// search<>() is the main search function for both PV and non-PV nodes
template <NodeType NT>
- Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode, bool skipEarlyPruning) {
+ Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode) {
// Use quiescence search when needed
if (depth < ONE_PLY)
// Step 1. Initialize node
Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
inCheck = pos.checkers();
+ Color us = pos.side_to_move();
moveCount = captureCount = quietCount = ss->moveCount = 0;
bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE;
maxValue = VALUE_INFINITE;
beta = std::min(mate_in(ss->ply+1), beta);
if (alpha >= beta)
return alpha;
+
+ // Check if there exists a move which draws by repetition, or an alternative
+ // earlier move to this position.
+ if ( pos.rule50_count() >= 3
+ && alpha < VALUE_DRAW
+ && pos.has_game_cycle(ss->ply))
+ {
+ alpha = VALUE_DRAW;
+ if (alpha >= beta)
+ return alpha;
+ }
}
assert(0 <= ss->ply && ss->ply < MAX_PLY);
posKey = pos.key() ^ Key(excludedMove << 16); // Isn't a very good hash
tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
- ttMove = rootNode ? thisThread->rootMoves[thisThread->PVIdx].pv[0]
+ ttMove = rootNode ? thisThread->rootMoves[thisThread->pvIdx].pv[0]
: ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
// At non-PV nodes we check for an early TT cutoff
else if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove))
{
int penalty = -stat_bonus(depth);
- thisThread->mainHistory[pos.side_to_move()][from_to(ttMove)] << penalty;
+ thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(ttMove)] << penalty;
update_continuation_histories(ss, pos.moved_piece(ttMove), to_sq(ttMove), penalty);
}
}
}
}
- // Step 6. Evaluate the position statically
+ // Step 6. Static evaluation of the position
if (inCheck)
{
ss->staticEval = eval = VALUE_NONE;
improving = false;
- goto moves_loop;
+ goto moves_loop; // Skip early pruning when in check
}
else if (ttHit)
{
ss->staticEval, TT.generation());
}
- improving = ss->staticEval >= (ss-2)->staticEval
- ||(ss-2)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE;
-
- if (skipEarlyPruning || !pos.non_pawn_material(pos.side_to_move()))
- goto moves_loop;
-
- // Step 7. Razoring (skipped when in check, ~2 Elo)
+ // Step 7. Razoring (~2 Elo)
if ( !PvNode
&& depth < 3 * ONE_PLY
&& eval <= alpha - RazorMargin[depth / ONE_PLY])
return v;
}
- // Step 8. Futility pruning: child node (skipped when in check, ~30 Elo)
+ improving = ss->staticEval >= (ss-2)->staticEval
+ || (ss-2)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE;
+
+ // Step 8. Futility pruning: child node (~30 Elo)
if ( !rootNode
&& depth < 7 * ONE_PLY
&& eval - futility_margin(depth, improving) >= beta
// Step 9. Null move search with verification search (~40 Elo)
if ( !PvNode
+ && (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL
+ && (ss-1)->statScore < 22500
&& eval >= beta
&& ss->staticEval >= beta - 36 * depth / ONE_PLY + 225
- && (ss->ply >= thisThread->nmp_ply || ss->ply % 2 != thisThread->nmp_odd))
+ && !excludedMove
+ && pos.non_pawn_material(us)
+ && (ss->ply > thisThread->nmpMinPly || us != thisThread->nmpColor))
{
assert(eval - beta >= 0);
pos.do_null_move(st);
- Value nullValue = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -beta+1, depth-R, !cutNode, true);
+ Value nullValue = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -beta+1, depth-R, !cutNode);
pos.undo_null_move();
if (nullValue >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY)
nullValue = beta;
- if (abs(beta) < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN && (depth < 12 * ONE_PLY || thisThread->nmp_ply))
+ if (thisThread->nmpMinPly || (abs(beta) < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN && depth < 12 * ONE_PLY))
return nullValue;
- // Do verification search at high depths. Disable null move pruning
- // for side to move for the first part of the remaining search tree.
- thisThread->nmp_ply = ss->ply + 3 * (depth-R) / 4;
- thisThread->nmp_odd = ss->ply % 2;
+ assert(!thisThread->nmpMinPly); // Recursive verification is not allowed
+
+ // Do verification search at high depths, with null move pruning disabled
+ // for us, until ply exceeds nmpMinPly.
+ thisThread->nmpMinPly = ss->ply + 3 * (depth-R) / 4 - 1;
+ thisThread->nmpColor = us;
- Value v = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, depth-R, false, true);
+ Value v = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, depth-R, false);
- thisThread->nmp_odd = thisThread->nmp_ply = 0;
+ thisThread->nmpMinPly = 0;
if (v >= beta)
return nullValue;
}
}
- // Step 10. ProbCut (skipped when in check, ~10 Elo)
+ // Step 10. ProbCut (~10 Elo)
// If we have a good enough capture and a reduced search returns a value
// much above beta, we can (almost) safely prune the previous move.
if ( !PvNode
&& depth >= 5 * ONE_PLY
&& abs(beta) < VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY)
{
- assert(is_ok((ss-1)->currentMove));
-
Value rbeta = std::min(beta + 216 - 48 * improving, VALUE_INFINITE);
MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, rbeta - ss->staticEval, &thisThread->captureHistory);
int probCutCount = 0;
// If the qsearch held perform the regular search
if (value >= rbeta)
- value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -rbeta, -rbeta+1, depth - 4 * ONE_PLY, !cutNode, false);
+ value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -rbeta, -rbeta+1, depth - 4 * ONE_PLY, !cutNode);
pos.undo_move(move);
}
}
- // Step 11. Internal iterative deepening (skipped when in check, ~2 Elo)
- if ( depth >= 6 * ONE_PLY
- && !ttMove
- && (PvNode || ss->staticEval + 128 >= beta))
+ // Step 11. Internal iterative deepening (~2 Elo)
+ if ( depth >= 8 * ONE_PLY
+ && !ttMove)
{
- Depth d = 3 * depth / 4 - 2 * ONE_PLY;
- search<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, d, cutNode, true);
+ search<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, depth - 7 * ONE_PLY, cutNode);
tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
const PieceToHistory* contHist[] = { (ss-1)->contHistory, (ss-2)->contHistory, nullptr, (ss-4)->contHistory };
Move countermove = thisThread->counterMoves[pos.piece_on(prevSq)][prevSq];
- MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, &thisThread->mainHistory, &thisThread->captureHistory, contHist, countermove, ss->killers);
+ MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, &thisThread->mainHistory,
+ &thisThread->captureHistory,
+ contHist,
+ countermove,
+ ss->killers);
value = bestValue; // Workaround a bogus 'uninitialized' warning under gcc
skipQuiets = false;
// Move List. As a consequence any illegal move is also skipped. In MultiPV
// mode we also skip PV moves which have been already searched and those
// of lower "TB rank" if we are in a TB root position.
- if (rootNode && !std::count(thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->PVIdx,
- thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->PVLast, move))
+ if (rootNode && !std::count(thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->pvIdx,
+ thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->pvLast, move))
continue;
ss->moveCount = ++moveCount;
if (rootNode && thisThread == Threads.main() && Time.elapsed() > 3000)
sync_cout << "info depth " << depth / ONE_PLY
<< " currmove " << UCI::move(move, pos.is_chess960())
- << " currmovenumber " << moveCount + thisThread->PVIdx << sync_endl;
+ << " currmovenumber " << moveCount + thisThread->pvIdx << sync_endl;
if (PvNode)
(ss+1)->pv = nullptr;
{
Value rBeta = std::max(ttValue - 2 * depth / ONE_PLY, -VALUE_MATE);
ss->excludedMove = move;
- value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, rBeta - 1, rBeta, depth / 2, cutNode, true);
+ value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, rBeta - 1, rBeta, depth / 2, cutNode);
ss->excludedMove = MOVE_NONE;
if (value < rBeta)
// Step 14. Pruning at shallow depth (~170 Elo)
if ( !rootNode
- && pos.non_pawn_material(pos.side_to_move())
+ && pos.non_pawn_material(us)
&& bestValue > VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY)
{
if ( !captureOrPromotion
Depth r = reduction<PvNode>(improving, depth, moveCount);
if (captureOrPromotion) // (~5 Elo)
+ {
+ // Increase reduction by comparing opponent's stat score
+ if ( (ss-1)->statScore >= 0
+ && thisThread->captureHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)][type_of(pos.captured_piece())] < 0)
+ r += ONE_PLY;
+
r -= r ? ONE_PLY : DEPTH_ZERO;
+ }
else
{
// Decrease reduction if opponent's move count is high (~5 Elo)
&& !pos.see_ge(make_move(to_sq(move), from_sq(move))))
r -= 2 * ONE_PLY;
- ss->statScore = thisThread->mainHistory[~pos.side_to_move()][from_to(move)]
+ ss->statScore = thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(move)]
+ (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[3])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
Depth d = std::max(newDepth - r, ONE_PLY);
- value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d, true, false);
+ value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d, true);
doFullDepthSearch = (value > alpha && d != newDepth);
}
// Step 17. Full depth search when LMR is skipped or fails high
if (doFullDepthSearch)
- value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, newDepth, !cutNode, false);
+ value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, newDepth, !cutNode);
// For PV nodes only, do a full PV search on the first move or after a fail
// high (in the latter case search only if value < beta), otherwise let the
(ss+1)->pv = pv;
(ss+1)->pv[0] = MOVE_NONE;
- value = -search<PV>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, newDepth, false, false);
+ value = -search<PV>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, newDepth, false);
}
// Step 18. Undo move
else
{
assert(value >= beta); // Fail high
- ss->statScore = std::max(ss->statScore, 0);
+ ss->statScore = 0;
break;
}
}
if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove))
update_quiet_stats(pos, ss, bestMove, quietsSearched, quietCount, stat_bonus(depth));
else
- update_capture_stats(pos, bestMove, capturesSearched, captureCount, stat_bonus(depth));
+ update_capture_stats(pos, bestMove, capturesSearched, captureCount,
+ stat_bonus(depth + (bestValue > beta + KnightValueMg ? ONE_PLY : DEPTH_ZERO)));
// Extra penalty for a quiet TT move in previous ply when it gets refuted
if ((ss-1)->moveCount == 1 && !pos.captured_piece())
update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -stat_bonus(depth + ONE_PLY));
}
// Bonus for prior countermove that caused the fail low
- else if ( depth >= 3 * ONE_PLY
+ else if ( (depth >= 3 * ONE_PLY || PvNode)
&& !pos.captured_piece()
&& is_ok((ss-1)->currentMove))
update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, stat_bonus(depth));
// to search the moves. Because the depth is <= 0 here, only captures,
// queen promotions and checks (only if depth >= DEPTH_QS_CHECKS) will
// be generated.
- MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, &pos.this_thread()->mainHistory, &pos.this_thread()->captureHistory, to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove));
+ MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, &pos.this_thread()->mainHistory,
+ &pos.this_thread()->captureHistory,
+ to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove));
// Loop through the moves until no moves remain or a beta cutoff occurs
while ((move = mp.next_move()) != MOVE_NONE)
std::stringstream ss;
TimePoint elapsed = Time.elapsed() + 1;
const RootMoves& rootMoves = pos.this_thread()->rootMoves;
- size_t PVIdx = pos.this_thread()->PVIdx;
+ size_t pvIdx = pos.this_thread()->pvIdx;
size_t multiPV = std::min((size_t)Options["MultiPV"], rootMoves.size());
uint64_t nodesSearched = Threads.nodes_searched();
uint64_t tbHits = Threads.tb_hits() + (TB::RootInTB ? rootMoves.size() : 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < multiPV; ++i)
{
- bool updated = (i <= PVIdx && rootMoves[i].score != -VALUE_INFINITE);
+ bool updated = (i <= pvIdx && rootMoves[i].score != -VALUE_INFINITE);
if (depth == ONE_PLY && !updated)
continue;
Value v = updated ? rootMoves[i].score : rootMoves[i].previousScore;
bool tb = TB::RootInTB && abs(v) < VALUE_MATE - MAX_PLY;
- v = tb ? rootMoves[i].TBScore : v;
+ v = tb ? rootMoves[i].tbScore : v;
if (ss.rdbuf()->in_avail()) // Not at first line
ss << "\n";
<< " multipv " << i + 1
<< " score " << UCI::value(v);
- if (!tb && i == PVIdx)
+ if (!tb && i == pvIdx)
ss << (v >= beta ? " lowerbound" : v <= alpha ? " upperbound" : "");
ss << " nodes " << nodesSearched
{
// Sort moves according to TB rank
std::sort(rootMoves.begin(), rootMoves.end(),
- [](const RootMove &a, const RootMove &b) { return a.TBRank > b.TBRank; } );
+ [](const RootMove &a, const RootMove &b) { return a.tbRank > b.tbRank; } );
// Probe during search only if DTZ is not available and we are winning
- if (dtz_available || rootMoves[0].TBScore <= VALUE_DRAW)
+ if (dtz_available || rootMoves[0].tbScore <= VALUE_DRAW)
Cardinality = 0;
}
else
{
// Assign the same rank to all moves
for (auto& m : rootMoves)
- m.TBRank = 0;
+ m.tbRank = 0;
}
}