# include "config.h"
#endif
-#include <vlc/vlc.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <vlc_common.h>
#include <vlc_plugin.h>
#include <errno.h> /* ENOMEM */
-#include <vlc_interface.h>
+#include <vlc_dialog.h>
#include <vlc_aout.h>
+#include <vlc_cpu.h>
/* ALSA part
Note: we use the new API which is available since 0.9.0beta10a. */
#define ALSA_PCM_NEW_HW_PARAMS_API
#define ALSA_PCM_NEW_SW_PARAMS_API
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
+#include <alsa/version.h>
/*#define ALSA_DEBUG*/
snd_output_t * p_snd_stderr;
#endif
- int b_playing; /* playing status */
- mtime_t start_date;
-
- vlc_mutex_t lock;
- vlc_cond_t wait ;
-
- snd_pcm_status_t *p_status;
+ mtime_t start_date;
+ vlc_thread_t thread;
+ vlc_sem_t wait;
};
#define A52_FRAME_NB 1536
/*****************************************************************************
* Local prototypes
*****************************************************************************/
-static int Open ( vlc_object_t * );
-static void Close ( vlc_object_t * );
-static void Play ( aout_instance_t * );
-static int ALSAThread ( aout_instance_t * );
-static void ALSAFill ( aout_instance_t * );
+static int Open ( vlc_object_t * );
+static void Close ( vlc_object_t * );
+static void Play ( aout_instance_t * );
+static void* ALSAThread ( void * );
+static void ALSAFill ( aout_instance_t * );
static int FindDevicesCallback( vlc_object_t *p_this, char const *psz_name,
vlc_value_t newval, vlc_value_t oldval, void *p_unused );
*****************************************************************************/
static const char *const ppsz_devices[] = { "default" };
static const char *const ppsz_devices_text[] = { N_("Default") };
-vlc_module_begin();
- set_shortname( "ALSA" );
- set_description( N_("ALSA audio output") );
- set_category( CAT_AUDIO );
- set_subcategory( SUBCAT_AUDIO_AOUT );
- add_string( "alsadev", DEFAULT_ALSA_DEVICE, aout_FindAndRestart,
- N_("ALSA Device Name"), NULL, false );
- change_string_list( ppsz_devices, ppsz_devices_text, FindDevicesCallback );
- change_action_add( FindDevicesCallback, N_("Refresh list") );
-
- set_capability( "audio output", 150 );
- set_callbacks( Open, Close );
-vlc_module_end();
+vlc_module_begin ()
+ set_shortname( "ALSA" )
+ set_description( N_("ALSA audio output") )
+ set_category( CAT_AUDIO )
+ set_subcategory( SUBCAT_AUDIO_AOUT )
+ add_string( "alsa-audio-device", DEFAULT_ALSA_DEVICE, aout_FindAndRestart,
+ N_("ALSA Device Name"), NULL, false )
+ add_deprecated_alias( "alsadev" ) /* deprecated since 0.9.3 */
+ change_string_list( ppsz_devices, ppsz_devices_text, FindDevicesCallback )
+ change_action_add( FindDevicesCallback, N_("Refresh list") )
+
+ set_capability( "audio output", 150 )
+ set_callbacks( Open, Close )
+vlc_module_end ()
/*****************************************************************************
* Probe: probe the audio device for available formats and channels
{
case 1:
val.i_int = AOUT_VAR_MONO;
- text.psz_string = N_("Mono");
+ text.psz_string = _("Mono");
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device",
VLC_VAR_ADDCHOICE, &val, &text );
break;
case 2:
val.i_int = AOUT_VAR_STEREO;
- text.psz_string = N_("Stereo");
+ text.psz_string = _("Stereo");
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device",
VLC_VAR_ADDCHOICE, &val, &text );
var_Set( p_aout, "audio-device", val );
break;
case 4:
val.i_int = AOUT_VAR_2F2R;
- text.psz_string = N_("2 Front 2 Rear");
+ text.psz_string = _("2 Front 2 Rear");
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device",
VLC_VAR_ADDCHOICE, &val, &text );
break;
if ( !snd_pcm_hw_params_test_channels( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, p_hw, 2 ))
{
val.i_int = AOUT_VAR_STEREO;
- text.psz_string = N_("Stereo");
+ text.psz_string = (char*)N_("Stereo");
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device",
VLC_VAR_ADDCHOICE, &val, &text );
var_Set( p_aout, "audio-device", val );
SND_PCM_NONBLOCK ) ) )
{
val.i_int = AOUT_VAR_SPDIF;
- text.psz_string = N_("A/52 over S/PDIF");
+ text.psz_string = (char*)N_("A/52 over S/PDIF");
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device",
VLC_VAR_ADDCHOICE, &val, &text );
if( config_GetInt( p_aout, "spdif" ) )
}
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device", VLC_VAR_CHOICESCOUNT, &val, NULL );
+#if (SND_LIB_VERSION <= 0x010015)
+# warning Please update alsa-lib to version > 1.0.21a.
+ var_Create( p_aout->p_libvlc, "alsa-working", VLC_VAR_BOOL );
+ if( val.i_int <= 0 )
+ {
+ if( var_GetBool( p_aout->p_libvlc, "alsa-working" ) )
+ dialog_FatalWait( p_aout, "ALSA version problem",
+ "VLC failed to re-initialize your sound output device.\n"
+ "Please update alsa-lib to version 1.0.22 or higher "
+ "to fix this issue." );
+ }
+ else
+ var_SetBool( p_aout->p_libvlc, "alsa-working", true );
+#endif
if( val.i_int <= 0 )
{
/* Probe() has failed. */
- msg_Dbg( p_aout, "failed to find a useable alsa configuration" );
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "failed to find a usable ALSA configuration" );
var_Destroy( p_aout, "audio-device" );
return;
}
/* Add final settings to the variable */
var_AddCallback( p_aout, "audio-device", aout_ChannelsRestart, NULL );
- val.b_bool = true;
- var_Set( p_aout, "intf-change", val );
+ var_SetBool( p_aout, "intf-change", true );
}
/*****************************************************************************
/* Allocate structures */
p_aout->output.p_sys = p_sys = malloc( sizeof( aout_sys_t ) );
if( p_sys == NULL )
- {
- msg_Err( p_aout, "out of memory" );
return VLC_ENOMEM;
- }
- p_sys->b_playing = false;
- p_sys->start_date = 0;
- vlc_cond_init( p_aout, &p_sys->wait );
- vlc_mutex_init( &p_sys->lock );
/* Get device name */
- if( (psz_device = config_GetPsz( p_aout, "alsadev" )) == NULL )
+ if( (psz_device = config_GetPsz( p_aout, "alsa-audio-device" )) == NULL )
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "no audio device given (maybe \"default\" ?)" );
- intf_UserFatal( p_aout, false, _("No Audio Device"),
+ dialog_Fatal( p_aout, _("No Audio Device"), "%s",
_("No audio device name was given. You might want to " \
"enter \"default\".") );
free( p_sys );
/* Choose the linear PCM format (read the comment above about FPU
and float32) */
- if( vlc_CPU() & CPU_CAPABILITY_FPU )
+ if( HAVE_FPU )
{
- i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_FOURCC('f','l','3','2');
+ i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_CODEC_FL32;
i_snd_pcm_format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT;
}
else
{
- i_vlc_pcm_format = AOUT_FMT_S16_NE;
+ i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_CODEC_S16N;
i_snd_pcm_format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
}
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot open ALSA device `%s' (%s)",
psz_iec_device, snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
- intf_UserFatal( p_aout, false, _("Audio output failed"),
+ dialog_Fatal( p_aout, _("Audio output failed"),
_("VLC could not open the ALSA device \"%s\" (%s)."),
psz_iec_device, snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
free( p_sys );
i_snd_pcm_format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
i_channels = 2;
- i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_FOURCC('s','p','d','i');
+ i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL;
p_aout->output.i_nb_samples = i_period_size = ALSA_SPDIF_PERIOD_SIZE;
p_aout->output.output.i_bytes_per_frame = AOUT_SPDIF_SIZE;
p_aout->output.output.i_frame_length = A52_FRAME_NB;
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "audio device: %s is already in use",
psz_device );
- intf_UserFatal( p_aout, false, _("Audio output failed"),
+ dialog_Fatal( p_aout, _("Audio output failed"),
_("The audio device \"%s\" is already in use."),
psz_device );
}
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot open ALSA device `%s' (%s)",
psz_device, snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
- intf_UserFatal( p_aout, false, _("Audio output failed"),
+ dialog_Fatal( p_aout, _("Audio output failed"),
_("VLC could not open the ALSA device \"%s\" (%s)."),
psz_device, snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
free( p_sys );
goto error;
}
}
- if( i_vlc_pcm_format != VLC_FOURCC('s','p','d','i') )
+ if( i_vlc_pcm_format != VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL )
switch( i_snd_pcm_format )
{
case SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT:
- i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_FOURCC('f','l','3','2');
+ i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_CODEC_FL32;
break;
case SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16:
- i_vlc_pcm_format = AOUT_FMT_S16_NE;
+ i_vlc_pcm_format = VLC_CODEC_S16N;
break;
}
p_aout->output.output.i_format = i_vlc_pcm_format;
/* Set rate. */
i_old_rate = p_aout->output.output.i_rate;
-#ifdef HAVE_ALSA_NEW_API
i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, p_hw,
&p_aout->output.output.i_rate,
NULL );
-#else
- i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, p_hw,
- p_aout->output.output.i_rate,
- NULL );
-#endif
if( i_snd_rc < 0 || p_aout->output.output.i_rate != i_old_rate )
{
msg_Warn( p_aout, "The rate %d Hz is not supported by your " \
}
/* Set period size. */
-#ifdef HAVE_ALSA_NEW_API
if ( ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( p_sys->p_snd_pcm,
p_hw, &i_period_size, NULL ) ) < 0 )
-#else
- if ( ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size_near( p_sys->p_snd_pcm,
- p_hw, i_period_size, NULL ) ) < 0 )
-#endif
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "unable to set period size (%s)",
snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
p_aout->output.i_nb_samples = i_period_size;
/* Set buffer size. */
-#ifdef HAVE_ALSA_NEW_API
if ( ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near( p_sys->p_snd_pcm,
p_hw, &i_buffer_size ) ) < 0 )
-#else
- if ( ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near( p_sys->p_snd_pcm,
- p_hw, i_buffer_size ) ) < 0 )
-#endif
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "unable to set buffer size (%s)",
snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
{
b_retry = true;
i_snd_pcm_format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
- p_aout->output.output.i_format = AOUT_FMT_S16_NE;
+ p_aout->output.output.i_format = VLC_CODEC_S16N;
msg_Warn( p_aout, "unable to commit hardware configuration "
"with fl32 samples. Retrying with s16l (%s)", snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
}
}
}
-#ifdef HAVE_ALSA_NEW_API
if( ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time( p_hw,
&p_sys->i_period_time, NULL ) ) < 0 )
-#else
- if( ( p_sys->i_period_time =
- (int)snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_time( p_hw, NULL ) ) < 0 )
-#endif
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "unable to get period time (%s)",
snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
snd_output_printf( p_sys->p_snd_stderr, "\n" );
#endif
+ p_sys->start_date = 0;
+ vlc_sem_init( &p_sys->wait, 0 );
+
/* Create ALSA thread and wait for its readiness. */
- if( vlc_thread_create( p_aout, "aout", ALSAThread,
- VLC_THREAD_PRIORITY_OUTPUT, false ) )
+ if( vlc_clone( &p_sys->thread, ALSAThread, p_aout,
+ VLC_THREAD_PRIORITY_OUTPUT ) )
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot create ALSA thread (%m)" );
+ vlc_sem_destroy( &p_sys->wait );
goto error;
}
return VLC_EGENERIC;
}
+static void PlayIgnore( aout_instance_t *p_aout )
+{ /* Already playing - nothing to do */
+ (void) p_aout;
+}
+
/*****************************************************************************
- * Play: nothing to do
+ * Play: start playback
*****************************************************************************/
static void Play( aout_instance_t *p_aout )
{
- if( !p_aout->output.p_sys->b_playing )
- {
- p_aout->output.p_sys->b_playing = 1;
+ p_aout->output.pf_play = PlayIgnore;
- /* get the playing date of the first aout buffer */
- p_aout->output.p_sys->start_date =
- aout_FifoFirstDate( p_aout, &p_aout->output.fifo );
+ /* get the playing date of the first aout buffer */
+ p_aout->output.p_sys->start_date =
+ aout_FifoFirstDate( p_aout, &p_aout->output.fifo );
- /* wake up the audio output thread */
- vlc_mutex_lock( &p_aout->output.p_sys->lock );
- vlc_cond_signal( &p_aout->output.p_sys->wait );
- vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_aout->output.p_sys->lock );
- }
+ /* wake up the audio output thread */
+ sem_post( &p_aout->output.p_sys->wait );
}
/*****************************************************************************
struct aout_sys_t * p_sys = p_aout->output.p_sys;
int i_snd_rc;
- /* make sure the audio output thread is waken up */
- vlc_mutex_lock( &p_aout->output.p_sys->lock );
- vlc_cond_signal( &p_aout->output.p_sys->wait );
- vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_aout->output.p_sys->lock );
-
- vlc_object_kill( p_aout );
- vlc_thread_join( p_aout );
- p_aout->b_die = false;
+ /* Make sure that the thread will stop once it is waken up */
+ vlc_cancel( p_sys->thread );
+ vlc_join( p_sys->thread, NULL );
+ vlc_sem_destroy( &p_sys->wait );
+ /* */
i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_close( p_sys->p_snd_pcm );
if( i_snd_rc > 0 )
free( p_sys );
}
+static void pcm_drop(void *pcm)
+{
+ snd_pcm_drop(pcm);
+}
+
/*****************************************************************************
* ALSAThread: asynchronous thread used to DMA the data to the device
*****************************************************************************/
-static int ALSAThread( aout_instance_t * p_aout )
+static void* ALSAThread( void *data )
{
+ aout_instance_t * p_aout = data;
struct aout_sys_t * p_sys = p_aout->output.p_sys;
- p_sys->p_status = (snd_pcm_status_t *)malloc(snd_pcm_status_sizeof());
/* Wait for the exact time to start playing (avoids resampling) */
- vlc_mutex_lock( &p_sys->lock );
- while( !p_sys->start_date && !p_aout->b_die )
- vlc_cond_wait( &p_sys->wait, &p_sys->lock );
- vlc_mutex_unlock( &p_sys->lock );
-
- if( p_aout->b_die )
- goto cleanup;
-
+ vlc_sem_wait( &p_sys->wait );
mwait( p_sys->start_date - AOUT_PTS_TOLERANCE / 4 );
- while ( !p_aout->b_die )
- {
+ vlc_cleanup_push( pcm_drop, p_sys->p_snd_pcm );
+ for(;;)
ALSAFill( p_aout );
- }
-cleanup:
- snd_pcm_drop( p_sys->p_snd_pcm );
- free( p_aout->output.p_sys->p_status );
- return 0;
+ assert(0);
+ vlc_cleanup_pop();
}
/*****************************************************************************
static void ALSAFill( aout_instance_t * p_aout )
{
struct aout_sys_t * p_sys = p_aout->output.p_sys;
- aout_buffer_t * p_buffer;
- snd_pcm_status_t * p_status = p_sys->p_status;
+ snd_pcm_t *p_pcm = p_sys->p_snd_pcm;
+ snd_pcm_status_t * p_status;
int i_snd_rc;
mtime_t next_date;
+ int canc = vlc_savecancel();
/* Fill in the buffer until space or audio output buffer shortage */
/* Get the status */
- i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_status( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, p_status );
+ snd_pcm_status_alloca(&p_status);
+ i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_status( p_pcm, p_status );
if( i_snd_rc < 0 )
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot get device status" );
if( snd_pcm_status_get_state( p_status ) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN )
{
/* Prepare the device */
- i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_prepare( p_sys->p_snd_pcm );
-
+ i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_prepare( p_pcm );
if( i_snd_rc )
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot recover from buffer underrun" );
msg_Dbg( p_aout, "recovered from buffer underrun" );
/* Get the new status */
- i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_status( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, p_status );
+ i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_status( p_pcm, p_status );
if( i_snd_rc < 0 )
{
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot get device status after recovery" );
/* Here the device should be in RUNNING state, p_status is valid. */
snd_pcm_sframes_t delay = snd_pcm_status_get_delay( p_status );
if( delay == 0 ) /* workaround buggy alsa drivers */
- if( snd_pcm_delay( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, &delay ) < 0 )
+ if( snd_pcm_delay( p_pcm, &delay ) < 0 )
delay = 0; /* FIXME: use a positive minimal delay */
- int i_bytes = snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, delay );
- next_date = mdate() + ( (mtime_t)i_bytes * 1000000
+
+ size_t i_bytes = snd_pcm_frames_to_bytes( p_pcm, delay );
+ mtime_t delay_us = CLOCK_FREQ * i_bytes
/ p_aout->output.output.i_bytes_per_frame
/ p_aout->output.output.i_rate
- * p_aout->output.output.i_frame_length );
+ * p_aout->output.output.i_frame_length;
#ifdef ALSA_DEBUG
snd_pcm_state_t state = snd_pcm_status_get_state( p_status );
if( state != SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING )
msg_Err( p_aout, "pcm status (%d) != RUNNING", state );
- msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Delay is %ld frames (%d bytes)", delay, i_bytes );
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Delay is %ld frames (%zu bytes)", delay, i_bytes );
msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Bytes per frame: %d", p_aout->output.output.i_bytes_per_frame );
msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Rate: %d", p_aout->output.output.i_rate );
msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Frame length: %d", p_aout->output.output.i_frame_length );
-
- msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Next date is in %d microseconds", (int)(next_date - mdate()) );
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Next date: in %"PRId64" microseconds", delay_us );
#endif
+ next_date = mdate() + delay_us;
}
- p_buffer = aout_OutputNextBuffer( p_aout, next_date,
- (p_aout->output.output.i_format == VLC_FOURCC('s','p','d','i')) );
+ block_t *p_buffer = aout_OutputNextBuffer( p_aout, next_date,
+ (p_aout->output.output.i_format == VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL) );
/* Audio output buffer shortage -> stop the fill process and wait */
if( p_buffer == NULL )
for (;;)
{
- i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_writei( p_sys->p_snd_pcm, p_buffer->p_buffer,
- p_buffer->i_nb_samples );
- if( i_snd_rc != -ESTRPIPE )
- break;
+ int n = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count(p_pcm);
+ struct pollfd ufd[n];
+ unsigned short revents;
+
+ snd_pcm_poll_descriptors(p_pcm, ufd, n);
+ do
+ {
+ vlc_restorecancel(canc);
+ poll(ufd, n, -1);
+ canc = vlc_savecancel();
+ snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents(p_pcm, ufd, n, &revents);
+ }
+ while(!revents);
+
+ if(revents & POLLOUT)
+ {
+ i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_writei( p_pcm, p_buffer->p_buffer,
+ p_buffer->i_nb_samples );
+ if( i_snd_rc != -ESTRPIPE )
+ break;
+ }
/* a suspend event occurred
* (stream is suspended and waiting for an application recovery) */
msg_Dbg( p_aout, "entering in suspend mode, trying to resume..." );
- while( !p_aout->b_die && !p_aout->p_libvlc->b_die &&
- ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_resume( p_sys->p_snd_pcm ) ) == -EAGAIN )
+ while( ( i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_resume( p_pcm ) ) == -EAGAIN )
{
- msleep( 1000000 );
+ vlc_restorecancel(canc);
+ msleep(CLOCK_FREQ); /* device still suspended, wait... */
+ canc = vlc_savecancel();
}
if( i_snd_rc < 0 )
- /* Device does not supprot resuming, restart it */
- i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_prepare( p_sys->p_snd_pcm );
+ /* Device does not support resuming, restart it */
+ i_snd_rc = snd_pcm_prepare( p_pcm );
}
if( i_snd_rc < 0 )
msg_Err( p_aout, "cannot write: %s", snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
- aout_BufferFree( p_buffer );
+ vlc_restorecancel(canc);
+ block_Release( p_buffer );
return;
error:
if( i_snd_rc < 0 )
msg_Err( p_aout, "ALSA error: %s", snd_strerror( i_snd_rc ) );
- msleep( p_sys->i_period_time >> 1 );
+
+ vlc_restorecancel(canc);
+ msleep(p_sys->i_period_time / 2);
}
static void GetDevicesForCard( module_config_t *p_item, int i_card );
{
module_config_t *p_item;
int i;
+ (void)newval;
+ (void)oldval;
+ (void)p_unused;
p_item = config_FindConfig( p_this, psz_name );
if( !p_item ) return VLC_SUCCESS;
p_item->b_dirty = true;
return VLC_SUCCESS;
-
}
continue;
}
- asprintf( &psz_device, "hw:%d,%d", i_card, i_pcm_device );
- asprintf( &psz_descr, "%s: %s (%s)", psz_card_name,
- snd_pcm_info_get_name(p_pcm_info), psz_device );
+ if( asprintf( &psz_device, "hw:%d,%d", i_card, i_pcm_device ) == -1 )
+ break;
+ if( asprintf( &psz_descr, "%s: %s (%s)", psz_card_name,
+ snd_pcm_info_get_name(p_pcm_info), psz_device ) == -1 )
+ {
+ free( psz_device );
+ break;
+ }
- p_item->ppsz_list =
- (const char **)realloc( p_item->ppsz_list,
+ p_item->ppsz_list = xrealloc( p_item->ppsz_list,
(p_item->i_list + 2) * sizeof(char *) );
- p_item->ppsz_list_text =
- (const char **)realloc( p_item->ppsz_list_text,
+ p_item->ppsz_list_text = xrealloc( p_item->ppsz_list_text,
(p_item->i_list + 2) * sizeof(char *) );
p_item->ppsz_list[ p_item->i_list ] = psz_device;
p_item->ppsz_list_text[ p_item->i_list ] = psz_descr;