/*
- Glaurung, a UCI chess playing engine.
- Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad
+ Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
+ Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
+ Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad
- Glaurung is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
-
- Glaurung is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+
+ Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
-
+
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
-
-////
-//// Includes
-////
-
+#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
+#include "bitboard.h"
#include "pawns.h"
-
-
-////
-//// Local definitions
-////
+#include "position.h"
+#include "thread.h"
namespace {
- /// Constants and variables
-
- // Doubled pawn penalty by file, middle game.
- const Value DoubledPawnMidgamePenalty[8] = {
- Value(20), Value(30), Value(34), Value(34),
- Value(34), Value(34), Value(30), Value(20)
+ #define V Value
+ #define S(mg, eg) make_score(mg, eg)
+
+ // Pawn penalties
+ constexpr Score Backward = S( 9, 24);
+ constexpr Score BlockedStorm = S(82, 82);
+ constexpr Score Doubled = S(11, 56);
+ constexpr Score Isolated = S( 5, 15);
+ constexpr Score WeakLever = S( 0, 56);
+ constexpr Score WeakUnopposed = S(13, 27);
+
+ // Connected pawn bonus
+ constexpr int Connected[RANK_NB] = { 0, 7, 8, 12, 29, 48, 86 };
+
+ // Strength of pawn shelter for our king by [distance from edge][rank].
+ // RANK_1 = 0 is used for files where we have no pawn, or pawn is behind our king.
+ constexpr Value ShelterStrength[int(FILE_NB) / 2][RANK_NB] = {
+ { V( -6), V( 81), V( 93), V( 58), V( 39), V( 18), V( 25) },
+ { V(-43), V( 61), V( 35), V(-49), V(-29), V(-11), V( -63) },
+ { V(-10), V( 75), V( 23), V( -2), V( 32), V( 3), V( -45) },
+ { V(-39), V(-13), V(-29), V(-52), V(-48), V(-67), V(-166) }
};
- // Doubled pawn penalty by file, endgame.
- const Value DoubledPawnEndgamePenalty[8] = {
- Value(35), Value(40), Value(40), Value(40),
- Value(40), Value(40), Value(40), Value(35)
+ // Danger of enemy pawns moving toward our king by [distance from edge][rank].
+ // RANK_1 = 0 is used for files where the enemy has no pawn, or their pawn
+ // is behind our king. Note that UnblockedStorm[0][1-2] accommodate opponent pawn
+ // on edge, likely blocked by our king.
+ constexpr Value UnblockedStorm[int(FILE_NB) / 2][RANK_NB] = {
+ { V( 89), V(-285), V(-185), V(93), V(57), V( 45), V( 51) },
+ { V( 44), V( -18), V( 123), V(46), V(39), V( -7), V( 23) },
+ { V( 4), V( 52), V( 162), V(37), V( 7), V(-14), V( -2) },
+ { V(-10), V( -14), V( 90), V(15), V( 2), V( -7), V(-16) }
};
- // Isolated pawn penalty by file, middle game.
- const Value IsolatedPawnMidgamePenalty[8] = {
- Value(20), Value(30), Value(34), Value(34),
- Value(34), Value(34), Value(30), Value(20)
- };
+ #undef S
+ #undef V
+
+ template<Color Us>
+ Score evaluate(const Position& pos, Pawns::Entry* e) {
+
+ constexpr Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
+ constexpr Direction Up = (Us == WHITE ? NORTH : SOUTH);
+
+ Bitboard neighbours, stoppers, support, phalanx;
+ Bitboard lever, leverPush;
+ Square s;
+ bool opposed, backward, passed, doubled;
+ Score score = SCORE_ZERO;
+ const Square* pl = pos.squares<PAWN>(Us);
+
+ Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pieces( Us, PAWN);
+ Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pieces(Them, PAWN);
+
+ Bitboard doubleAttackThem = pawn_double_attacks_bb<Them>(theirPawns);
+
+ e->passedPawns[Us] = e->pawnAttacksSpan[Us] = 0;
+ e->kingSquares[Us] = SQ_NONE;
+ e->pawnAttacks[Us] = pawn_attacks_bb<Us>(ourPawns);
+
+ // Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn
+ while ((s = *pl++) != SQ_NONE)
+ {
+ assert(pos.piece_on(s) == make_piece(Us, PAWN));
+
+ Rank r = relative_rank(Us, s);
+
+ e->pawnAttacksSpan[Us] |= pawn_attack_span(Us, s);
+
+ // Flag the pawn
+ opposed = theirPawns & forward_file_bb(Us, s);
+ stoppers = theirPawns & passed_pawn_span(Us, s);
+ lever = theirPawns & PawnAttacks[Us][s];
+ leverPush = theirPawns & PawnAttacks[Us][s + Up];
+ doubled = ourPawns & (s - Up);
+ neighbours = ourPawns & adjacent_files_bb(s);
+ phalanx = neighbours & rank_bb(s);
+ support = neighbours & rank_bb(s - Up);
+
+ // A pawn is backward when it is behind all pawns of the same color on
+ // the adjacent files and cannot safely advance. Phalanx and isolated
+ // pawns will be excluded when the pawn is scored.
+ backward = !(neighbours & forward_ranks_bb(Them, s))
+ && (stoppers & (leverPush | (s + Up)));
+
+ // A pawn is passed if one of the three following conditions is true:
+ // (a) there is no stoppers except some levers
+ // (b) the only stoppers are the leverPush, but we outnumber them
+ // (c) there is only one front stopper which can be levered.
+ passed = !(stoppers ^ lever)
+ || ( !(stoppers ^ leverPush)
+ && popcount(phalanx) >= popcount(leverPush))
+ || ( stoppers == square_bb(s + Up) && r >= RANK_5
+ && (shift<Up>(support) & ~(theirPawns | doubleAttackThem)));
+
+ // Passed pawns will be properly scored later in evaluation when we have
+ // full attack info.
+ if (passed)
+ e->passedPawns[Us] |= s;
+
+ // Score this pawn
+ if (support | phalanx)
+ {
+ int v = Connected[r] * (phalanx ? 3 : 2) / (opposed ? 2 : 1)
+ + 17 * popcount(support);
+
+ score += make_score(v, v * (r - 2) / 4);
+ }
- // Isolated pawn penalty by file, endgame.
- const Value IsolatedPawnEndgamePenalty[8] = {
- Value(35), Value(40), Value(40), Value(40),
- Value(40), Value(40), Value(40), Value(35)
- };
+ else if (!neighbours)
+ score -= Isolated + WeakUnopposed * !opposed;
- // Backward pawn penalty by file, middle game.
- const Value BackwardPawnMidgamePenalty[8] = {
- Value(16), Value(24), Value(27), Value(27),
- Value(27), Value(27), Value(24), Value(16)
- };
+ else if (backward)
+ score -= Backward + WeakUnopposed * !opposed;
- // Backward pawn penalty by file, endgame.
- const Value BackwardPawnEndgamePenalty[8] = {
- Value(28), Value(32), Value(32), Value(32),
- Value(32), Value(32), Value(32), Value(28)
- };
+ if (!support)
+ score -= Doubled * doubled
+ + WeakLever * more_than_one(lever);
+ }
- // Pawn chain membership bonus by file, middle game.
- const Value ChainMidgameBonus[8] = {
- Value(14), Value(16), Value(17), Value(18),
- Value(18), Value(17), Value(16), Value(14)
- };
+ return score;
+ }
- // Pawn chain membership bonus by file, endgame.
- const Value ChainEndgameBonus[8] = {
- Value(16), Value(16), Value(16), Value(16),
- Value(16), Value(16), Value(16), Value(16)
- };
+} // namespace
- // Candidate passed pawn bonus by rank, middle game.
- const Value CandidateMidgameBonus[8] = {
- Value(0), Value(12), Value(12), Value(20),
- Value(40), Value(90), Value(0), Value(0)
- };
+namespace Pawns {
- // Candidate passed pawn bonus by rank, endgame.
- const Value CandidateEndgameBonus[8] = {
- Value(0), Value(24), Value(24), Value(40),
- Value(80), Value(180), Value(0), Value(0)
- };
+/// Pawns::probe() looks up the current position's pawns configuration in
+/// the pawns hash table. It returns a pointer to the Entry if the position
+/// is found. Otherwise a new Entry is computed and stored there, so we don't
+/// have to recompute all when the same pawns configuration occurs again.
- // Evaluate pawn storms?
- const bool EvaluatePawnStorms = true;
-
- // Pawn storm tables for positions with opposite castling:
- const int QStormTable[64] = {
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- -22, -22, -22, -13, -4, 0, 0, 0,
- -4, -9, -9, -9, -4, 0, 0, 0,
- 9, 18, 22, 18, 9, 0, 0, 0,
- 22, 31, 31, 22, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 31, 40, 40, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 31, 40, 40, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
- };
-
- const int KStormTable[64] = {
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
- 0, 0, 0, -4, -13, -22, -27, -27,
- 0, 0, 0, -4, -9, -13, -18, -18,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 9, 9, 9,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 18, 27, 27,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 27, 40, 36,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 31, 40, 31,
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
- };
+Entry* probe(const Position& pos) {
- // Pawn storm open file bonuses by file:
- const int KStormOpenFileBonus[8] = {
- 45, 45, 30, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
- };
+ Key key = pos.pawn_key();
+ Entry* e = pos.this_thread()->pawnsTable[key];
- const int QStormOpenFileBonus[8] = {
- 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 30, 45, 30
- };
+ if (e->key == key)
+ return e;
+
+ e->key = key;
+ e->scores[WHITE] = evaluate<WHITE>(pos, e);
+ e->scores[BLACK] = evaluate<BLACK>(pos, e);
+ return e;
}
-////
-//// Functions
-////
+/// Entry::evaluate_shelter() calculates the shelter bonus and the storm
+/// penalty for a king, looking at the king file and the two closest files.
-/// Constructor
+template<Color Us>
+Score Entry::evaluate_shelter(const Position& pos, Square ksq) {
-PawnInfoTable::PawnInfoTable(unsigned numOfEntries) {
- size = numOfEntries;
- entries = new PawnInfo[size];
- if(entries == NULL) {
- std::cerr << "Failed to allocate " << (numOfEntries * sizeof(PawnInfo))
- << " bytes for pawn hash table." << std::endl;
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- this->clear();
-}
+ constexpr Color Them = (Us == WHITE ? BLACK : WHITE);
+ Bitboard b = pos.pieces(PAWN) & ~forward_ranks_bb(Them, ksq);
+ Bitboard ourPawns = b & pos.pieces(Us);
+ Bitboard theirPawns = b & pos.pieces(Them);
-/// Destructor
+ Score bonus = make_score(5, 5);
-PawnInfoTable::~PawnInfoTable() {
- delete [] entries;
-}
+ File center = clamp(file_of(ksq), FILE_B, FILE_G);
+ for (File f = File(center - 1); f <= File(center + 1); ++f)
+ {
+ b = ourPawns & file_bb(f);
+ int ourRank = b ? relative_rank(Us, frontmost_sq(Them, b)) : 0;
+
+ b = theirPawns & file_bb(f);
+ int theirRank = b ? relative_rank(Us, frontmost_sq(Them, b)) : 0;
+ int d = std::min(f, ~f);
+ bonus += make_score(ShelterStrength[d][ourRank], 0);
-/// PawnInfoTable::clear() clears the pawn hash table by setting all
-/// entries to 0.
+ if (ourRank && (ourRank == theirRank - 1))
+ bonus -= BlockedStorm * int(theirRank == RANK_3);
+ else
+ bonus -= make_score(UnblockedStorm[d][theirRank], 0);
+ }
-void PawnInfoTable::clear() {
- memset(entries, 0, size * sizeof(PawnInfo));
+ return bonus;
}
-/// PawnInfoTable::get_pawn_info() takes a position object as input, computes
-/// a PawnInfo object, and returns a pointer to it. The result is also
-/// stored in a hash table, so we don't have to recompute everything when
-/// the same pawn structure occurs again.
-
-PawnInfo *PawnInfoTable::get_pawn_info(const Position &pos) {
- assert(pos.is_ok());
-
- Key key = pos.get_pawn_key();
- int index = int(key & (size - 1));
- PawnInfo *pi = entries + index;
-
- // If pi->key matches the position's pawn hash key, it means that we
- // have analysed this pawn structure before, and we can simply return the
- // information we found the last time instead of recomputing it:
- if(pi->key == key)
- return pi;
-
- // Clear the PawnInfo object, and set the key:
- pi->clear();
- pi->key = key;
-
- Value mgValue[2] = {Value(0), Value(0)};
- Value egValue[2] = {Value(0), Value(0)};
-
- // Loop through the pawns for both colors:
- for(Color us = WHITE; us <= BLACK; us++) {
- Color them = opposite_color(us);
- Bitboard ourPawns = pos.pawns(us);
- Bitboard theirPawns = pos.pawns(them);
- Bitboard pawns = ourPawns;
-
- // Initialize pawn storm scores by giving bonuses for open files:
- if(EvaluatePawnStorms)
- for(File f = FILE_A; f <= FILE_H; f++)
- if(pos.file_is_half_open(us, f)) {
- pi->ksStormValue[us] += KStormOpenFileBonus[f];
- pi->qsStormValue[us] += QStormOpenFileBonus[f];
- }
+/// Entry::do_king_safety() calculates a bonus for king safety. It is called only
+/// when king square changes, which is about 20% of total king_safety() calls.
- // Loop through all pawns of the current color and score each pawn:
- while(pawns) {
- Square s = pop_1st_bit(&pawns);
- File f = square_file(s);
- Rank r = square_rank(s);
- bool passed, doubled, isolated, backward, chain, candidate;
- int bonus;
-
- assert(pos.piece_on(s) == pawn_of_color(us));
-
- // The file containing the pawn is not half open:
- pi->halfOpenFiles[us] &= ~(1 << f);
-
- // Passed, isolated or doubled pawn?
- passed = pos.pawn_is_passed(us, s);
- isolated = pos.pawn_is_isolated(us, s);
- doubled = pos.pawn_is_doubled(us, s);
-
- if(EvaluatePawnStorms) {
- // We calculate kingside and queenside pawn storm
- // scores for both colors. These are used when evaluating
- // middle game positions with opposite side castling.
- //
- // Each pawn is given a base score given by a piece square table
- // (KStormTable[] or QStormTable[]). This score is increased if
- // there are enemy pawns on adjacent files in front of the pawn.
- // This is because we want to be able to open files against the
- // enemy king, and to avoid blocking the pawn structure (e.g. white
- // pawns on h6, g5, black pawns on h7, g6, f7).
-
- // Kingside pawn storms:
- bonus = KStormTable[relative_square(us, s)];
- if(bonus > 0 && outpost_mask(us, s) & theirPawns) {
- switch(f) {
-
- case FILE_F:
- bonus += bonus / 4;
- break;
-
- case FILE_G:
- bonus += bonus / 2 + bonus / 4;
- break;
-
- case FILE_H:
- bonus += bonus / 2;
- break;
-
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- pi->ksStormValue[us] += bonus;
+template<Color Us>
+Score Entry::do_king_safety(const Position& pos) {
- // Queenside pawn storms:
- bonus = QStormTable[relative_square(us, s)];
- if(bonus > 0 && passed_pawn_mask(us, s) & theirPawns) {
- switch(f) {
+ Square ksq = pos.square<KING>(Us);
+ kingSquares[Us] = ksq;
+ castlingRights[Us] = pos.castling_rights(Us);
- case FILE_A:
- bonus += bonus / 2;
- break;
+ Score shelters[3] = { evaluate_shelter<Us>(pos, ksq),
+ make_score(-VALUE_INFINITE, 0),
+ make_score(-VALUE_INFINITE, 0) };
- case FILE_B:
- bonus += bonus / 2 + bonus / 4;
- break;
+ // If we can castle use the bonus after castling if it is bigger
+ if (pos.can_castle(Us & KING_SIDE))
+ shelters[1] = evaluate_shelter<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_G1));
- case FILE_C:
- bonus += bonus / 2;
- break;
+ if (pos.can_castle(Us & QUEEN_SIDE))
+ shelters[2] = evaluate_shelter<Us>(pos, relative_square(Us, SQ_C1));
- default:
- break;
- }
- }
- pi->qsStormValue[us] += bonus;
- }
-
- // Member of a pawn chain? We could speed up the test a little by
- // introducing an array of masks indexed by color and square for doing
- // the test, but because everything is hashed, it probably won't make
- // any noticable difference.
- chain = (us == WHITE)?
- (ourPawns & neighboring_files_bb(f) & (rank_bb(r) | rank_bb(r-1))) :
- (ourPawns & neighboring_files_bb(f) & (rank_bb(r) | rank_bb(r+1)));
-
-
- // Test for backward pawn.
-
- // If the pawn is isolated, passed, or member of a pawn chain, it cannot
- // be backward:
- if(passed || isolated || chain)
- backward = false;
- // If the pawn can capture an enemy pawn, it's not backward:
- else if(pos.pawn_attacks(us, s) & theirPawns)
- backward = false;
- // Check for friendly pawns behind on neighboring files:
- else if(ourPawns & in_front_bb(them, r) & neighboring_files_bb(f))
- backward = false;
- else {
- // We now know that there is no friendly pawns beside or behind this
- // pawn on neighboring files. We now check whether the pawn is
- // backward by looking in the forward direction on the neighboring
- // files, and seeing whether we meet a friendly or an enemy pawn first.
- Bitboard b;
- if(us == WHITE) {
- for(b=pos.pawn_attacks(us, s); !(b&(ourPawns|theirPawns)); b<<=8);
- backward = (b | (b << 8)) & theirPawns;
- }
- else {
- for(b=pos.pawn_attacks(us, s); !(b&(ourPawns|theirPawns)); b>>=8);
- backward = (b | (b >> 8)) & theirPawns;
- }
- }
-
- // Test for candidate passed pawn.
- candidate =
- (!passed && pos.file_is_half_open(them, f) &&
- count_1s_max_15(neighboring_files_bb(f)
- & (in_front_bb(them, r) | rank_bb(r))
- & ourPawns)
- - count_1s_max_15(neighboring_files_bb(f) & in_front_bb(us, r)
- & theirPawns)
- >= 0);
-
- // In order to prevent doubled passed pawns from receiving a too big
- // bonus, only the frontmost passed pawn on each file is considered as
- // a true passed pawn.
- if(passed && (ourPawns & squares_in_front_of(us, s))) {
- // candidate = true;
- passed = false;
- }
-
- // Score this pawn:
- Value mv = Value(0), ev = Value(0);
- if(isolated) {
- mv -= IsolatedPawnMidgamePenalty[f];
- ev -= IsolatedPawnEndgamePenalty[f];
- if(pos.file_is_half_open(them, f)) {
- mv -= IsolatedPawnMidgamePenalty[f] / 2;
- ev -= IsolatedPawnEndgamePenalty[f] / 2;
- }
- }
- if(doubled) {
- mv -= DoubledPawnMidgamePenalty[f];
- ev -= DoubledPawnEndgamePenalty[f];
- }
- if(backward) {
- mv -= BackwardPawnMidgamePenalty[f];
- ev -= BackwardPawnEndgamePenalty[f];
- if(pos.file_is_half_open(them, f)) {
- mv -= BackwardPawnMidgamePenalty[f] / 2;
- ev -= BackwardPawnEndgamePenalty[f] / 2;
- }
- }
- if(chain) {
- mv += ChainMidgameBonus[f];
- ev += ChainEndgameBonus[f];
- }
- if(candidate) {
- mv += CandidateMidgameBonus[relative_rank(us, s)];
- ev += CandidateEndgameBonus[relative_rank(us, s)];
- }
-
- mgValue[us] += mv;
- egValue[us] += ev;
-
- // If the pawn is passed, set the square of the pawn in the passedPawns
- // bitboard:
- if(passed)
- set_bit(&(pi->passedPawns), s);
- }
- }
+ for (int i : {1, 2})
+ if (mg_value(shelters[i]) > mg_value(shelters[0]))
+ shelters[0] = shelters[i];
+
+ // In endgame we like to bring our king near our closest pawn
+ Bitboard pawns = pos.pieces(Us, PAWN);
+ int minPawnDist = pawns ? 8 : 0;
- pi->mgValue = int16_t(mgValue[WHITE] - mgValue[BLACK]);
- pi->egValue = int16_t(egValue[WHITE] - egValue[BLACK]);
+ if (pawns & PseudoAttacks[KING][ksq])
+ minPawnDist = 1;
+ else while (pawns)
+ minPawnDist = std::min(minPawnDist, distance(ksq, pop_lsb(&pawns)));
- return pi;
+ return shelters[0] - make_score(0, 16 * minPawnDist);
}
+
+// Explicit template instantiation
+template Score Entry::do_king_safety<WHITE>(const Position& pos);
+template Score Entry::do_king_safety<BLACK>(const Position& pos);
+
+} // namespace Pawns