/*
Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
- Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
- Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
- Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad
+ Copyright (C) 2004-2020 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// Different node types, used as a template parameter
enum NodeType { NonPV, PV };
+ constexpr uint64_t TtHitAverageWindow = 4096;
+ constexpr uint64_t TtHitAverageResolution = 1024;
+
// Razor and futility margins
- constexpr int RazorMargin = 600;
+ constexpr int RazorMargin = 510;
Value futility_margin(Depth d, bool improving) {
- return Value((175 - 50 * improving) * d / ONE_PLY);
+ return Value(223 * (d - improving));
}
// Reductions lookup table, initialized at startup
int Reductions[MAX_MOVES]; // [depth or moveNumber]
Depth reduction(bool i, Depth d, int mn) {
- int r = Reductions[d / ONE_PLY] * Reductions[mn];
- return ((r + 512) / 1024 + (!i && r > 1024)) * ONE_PLY;
+ int r = Reductions[d] * Reductions[mn];
+ return (r + 509) / 1024 + (!i && r > 894);
}
- constexpr int futility_move_count(bool improving, int depth) {
- return (5 + depth * depth) * (1 + improving) / 2;
+ constexpr int futility_move_count(bool improving, Depth depth) {
+ return (3 + depth * depth) / (2 - improving);
}
// History and stats update bonus, based on depth
- int stat_bonus(Depth depth) {
- int d = depth / ONE_PLY;
- return d > 17 ? 0 : 29 * d * d + 138 * d - 134;
+ int stat_bonus(Depth d) {
+ return d > 13 ? 29 : 17 * d * d + 134 * d - 134;
}
// Add a small random component to draw evaluations to avoid 3fold-blindness
- Value value_draw(Depth depth, Thread* thisThread) {
- return depth < 4 * ONE_PLY ? VALUE_DRAW
- : VALUE_DRAW + Value(2 * (thisThread->nodes & 1) - 1);
+ Value value_draw(Thread* thisThread) {
+ return VALUE_DRAW + Value(2 * (thisThread->nodes & 1) - 1);
}
// Skill structure is used to implement strength limit
struct Skill {
explicit Skill(int l) : level(l) {}
bool enabled() const { return level < 20; }
- bool time_to_pick(Depth depth) const { return depth / ONE_PLY == 1 + level; }
+ bool time_to_pick(Depth depth) const { return depth == 1 + level; }
Move pick_best(size_t multiPV);
int level;
Move best = MOVE_NONE;
};
- // Breadcrumbs are used to mark nodes as being searched by a given thread.
+ // Breadcrumbs are used to mark nodes as being searched by a given thread
struct Breadcrumb {
std::atomic<Thread*> thread;
std::atomic<Key> key;
};
std::array<Breadcrumb, 1024> breadcrumbs;
- // ThreadHolding keeps track of which thread left breadcrumbs at the given node for potential reductions.
- // A free node will be marked upon entering the moves loop, and unmarked upon leaving that loop, by the ctor/dtor of this struct.
+ // ThreadHolding structure keeps track of which thread left breadcrumbs at the given
+ // node for potential reductions. A free node will be marked upon entering the moves
+ // loop by the constructor, and unmarked upon leaving that loop by the destructor.
struct ThreadHolding {
explicit ThreadHolding(Thread* thisThread, Key posKey, int ply) {
location = ply < 8 ? &breadcrumbs[posKey & (breadcrumbs.size() - 1)] : nullptr;
owning = false;
if (location)
{
- // see if another already marked this location, if not, mark it ourselves.
+ // See if another already marked this location, if not, mark it ourselves
Thread* tmp = (*location).thread.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
if (tmp == nullptr)
{
}
~ThreadHolding() {
- if (owning) // free the marked location.
+ if (owning) // Free the marked location
(*location).thread.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
}
Value search(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth, bool cutNode);
template <NodeType NT>
- Value qsearch(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth = DEPTH_ZERO);
+ Value qsearch(Position& pos, Stack* ss, Value alpha, Value beta, Depth depth = 0);
Value value_to_tt(Value v, int ply);
- Value value_from_tt(Value v, int ply);
+ Value value_from_tt(Value v, int ply, int r50c);
void update_pv(Move* pv, Move move, Move* childPv);
void update_continuation_histories(Stack* ss, Piece pc, Square to, int bonus);
- void update_quiet_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move, Move* quiets, int quietCount, int bonus);
- void update_capture_stats(const Position& pos, Move move, Move* captures, int captureCount, int bonus);
+ void update_quiet_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move, int bonus, int depth);
+ void update_all_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move bestMove, Value bestValue, Value beta, Square prevSq,
+ Move* quietsSearched, int quietCount, Move* capturesSearched, int captureCount, Depth depth);
// perft() is our utility to verify move generation. All the leaf nodes up
// to the given depth are generated and counted, and the sum is returned.
StateInfo st;
uint64_t cnt, nodes = 0;
- const bool leaf = (depth == 2 * ONE_PLY);
+ const bool leaf = (depth == 2);
for (const auto& m : MoveList<LEGAL>(pos))
{
- if (Root && depth <= ONE_PLY)
+ if (Root && depth <= 1)
cnt = 1, nodes++;
else
{
pos.do_move(m, st);
- cnt = leaf ? MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).size() : perft<false>(pos, depth - ONE_PLY);
+ cnt = leaf ? MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).size() : perft<false>(pos, depth - 1);
nodes += cnt;
pos.undo_move(m);
}
void Search::init() {
for (int i = 1; i < MAX_MOVES; ++i)
- Reductions[i] = int(22.9 * std::log(i));
+ Reductions[i] = int((22.0 + std::log(Threads.size())) * std::log(i));
}
if (Limits.perft)
{
- nodes = perft<true>(rootPos, Limits.perft * ONE_PLY);
+ nodes = perft<true>(rootPos, Limits.perft);
sync_cout << "\nNodes searched: " << nodes << "\n" << sync_endl;
return;
}
Time.init(Limits, us, rootPos.game_ply());
TT.new_search();
+ Eval::verify_NNUE();
+
if (rootMoves.empty())
{
rootMoves.emplace_back(MOVE_NONE);
}
else
{
- for (Thread* th : Threads)
- {
- th->bestMoveChanges = 0;
- if (th != this)
- th->start_searching();
- }
-
- Thread::search(); // Let's start searching!
+ Threads.start_searching(); // start non-main threads
+ Thread::search(); // main thread start searching
}
// When we reach the maximum depth, we can arrive here without a raise of
Threads.stop = true;
// Wait until all threads have finished
- for (Thread* th : Threads)
- if (th != this)
- th->wait_for_search_finished();
+ Threads.wait_for_search_finished();
// When playing in 'nodes as time' mode, subtract the searched nodes from
// the available ones before exiting.
Thread* bestThread = this;
- // Check if there are threads with a better score than main thread
- if ( Options["MultiPV"] == 1
+ if ( int(Options["MultiPV"]) == 1
&& !Limits.depth
- && !Skill(Options["Skill Level"]).enabled()
- && rootMoves[0].pv[0] != MOVE_NONE)
- {
- std::map<Move, int64_t> votes;
- Value minScore = this->rootMoves[0].score;
-
- // Find out minimum score and reset votes for moves which can be voted
- for (Thread* th: Threads)
- minScore = std::min(minScore, th->rootMoves[0].score);
-
- // Vote according to score and depth, and select the best thread
- for (Thread* th : Threads)
- {
- votes[th->rootMoves[0].pv[0]] +=
- (th->rootMoves[0].score - minScore + 14) * int(th->completedDepth);
-
- if (votes[th->rootMoves[0].pv[0]] > votes[bestThread->rootMoves[0].pv[0]])
- bestThread = th;
- }
- }
+ && !(Skill(Options["Skill Level"]).enabled() || int(Options["UCI_LimitStrength"]))
+ && rootMoves[0].pv[0] != MOVE_NONE)
+ bestThread = Threads.get_best_thread();
- previousScore = bestThread->rootMoves[0].score;
+ bestPreviousScore = bestThread->rootMoves[0].score;
// Send again PV info if we have a new best thread
if (bestThread != this)
Move pv[MAX_PLY+1];
Value bestValue, alpha, beta, delta;
Move lastBestMove = MOVE_NONE;
- Depth lastBestMoveDepth = DEPTH_ZERO;
+ Depth lastBestMoveDepth = 0;
MainThread* mainThread = (this == Threads.main() ? Threads.main() : nullptr);
double timeReduction = 1, totBestMoveChanges = 0;
Color us = rootPos.side_to_move();
+ int iterIdx = 0;
std::memset(ss-7, 0, 10 * sizeof(Stack));
for (int i = 7; i > 0; i--)
- (ss-i)->continuationHistory = &this->continuationHistory[NO_PIECE][0]; // Use as sentinel
+ (ss-i)->continuationHistory = &this->continuationHistory[0][0][NO_PIECE][0]; // Use as a sentinel
+
ss->pv = pv;
bestValue = delta = alpha = -VALUE_INFINITE;
beta = VALUE_INFINITE;
- multiPV = Options["MultiPV"];
+ if (mainThread)
+ {
+ if (mainThread->bestPreviousScore == VALUE_INFINITE)
+ for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+ mainThread->iterValue[i] = VALUE_ZERO;
+ else
+ for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+ mainThread->iterValue[i] = mainThread->bestPreviousScore;
+ }
+
+ std::copy(&lowPlyHistory[2][0], &lowPlyHistory.back().back() + 1, &lowPlyHistory[0][0]);
+ std::fill(&lowPlyHistory[MAX_LPH - 2][0], &lowPlyHistory.back().back() + 1, 0);
+
+ size_t multiPV = size_t(Options["MultiPV"]);
+
// Pick integer skill levels, but non-deterministically round up or down
// such that the average integer skill corresponds to the input floating point one.
+ // UCI_Elo is converted to a suitable fractional skill level, using anchoring
+ // to CCRL Elo (goldfish 1.13 = 2000) and a fit through Ordo derived Elo
+ // for match (TC 60+0.6) results spanning a wide range of k values.
PRNG rng(now());
- int intLevel = int(Options["Skill Level"]) +
- ((Options["Skill Level"] - int(Options["Skill Level"])) * 1024 > rng.rand<unsigned>() % 1024 ? 1 : 0);
+ double floatLevel = Options["UCI_LimitStrength"] ?
+ std::clamp(std::pow((Options["UCI_Elo"] - 1346.6) / 143.4, 1 / 0.806), 0.0, 20.0) :
+ double(Options["Skill Level"]);
+ int intLevel = int(floatLevel) +
+ ((floatLevel - int(floatLevel)) * 1024 > rng.rand<unsigned>() % 1024 ? 1 : 0);
Skill skill(intLevel);
// When playing with strength handicap enable MultiPV search that we will
multiPV = std::max(multiPV, (size_t)4);
multiPV = std::min(multiPV, rootMoves.size());
+ ttHitAverage = TtHitAverageWindow * TtHitAverageResolution / 2;
int ct = int(Options["Contempt"]) * PawnValueEg / 100; // From centipawns
contempt = (us == WHITE ? make_score(ct, ct / 2)
: -make_score(ct, ct / 2));
+ int searchAgainCounter = 0;
+
// Iterative deepening loop until requested to stop or the target depth is reached
- while ( (rootDepth += ONE_PLY) < DEPTH_MAX
+ while ( ++rootDepth < MAX_PLY
&& !Threads.stop
- && !(Limits.depth && mainThread && rootDepth / ONE_PLY > Limits.depth))
+ && !(Limits.depth && mainThread && rootDepth > Limits.depth))
{
// Age out PV variability metric
if (mainThread)
size_t pvFirst = 0;
pvLast = 0;
+ if (!Threads.increaseDepth)
+ searchAgainCounter++;
+
// MultiPV loop. We perform a full root search for each PV line
for (pvIdx = 0; pvIdx < multiPV && !Threads.stop; ++pvIdx)
{
selDepth = 0;
// Reset aspiration window starting size
- if (rootDepth >= 5 * ONE_PLY)
+ if (rootDepth >= 4)
{
- Value previousScore = rootMoves[pvIdx].previousScore;
- delta = Value(20);
- alpha = std::max(previousScore - delta,-VALUE_INFINITE);
- beta = std::min(previousScore + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
+ Value prev = rootMoves[pvIdx].previousScore;
+ delta = Value(17);
+ alpha = std::max(prev - delta,-VALUE_INFINITE);
+ beta = std::min(prev + delta, VALUE_INFINITE);
// Adjust contempt based on root move's previousScore (dynamic contempt)
- int dct = ct + 88 * previousScore / (abs(previousScore) + 200);
+ int dct = ct + (105 - ct / 2) * prev / (abs(prev) + 149);
contempt = (us == WHITE ? make_score(dct, dct / 2)
: -make_score(dct, dct / 2));
int failedHighCnt = 0;
while (true)
{
- Depth adjustedDepth = std::max(ONE_PLY, rootDepth - failedHighCnt * ONE_PLY);
+ Depth adjustedDepth = std::max(1, rootDepth - failedHighCnt - searchAgainCounter);
bestValue = ::search<PV>(rootPos, ss, alpha, beta, adjustedDepth, false);
// Bring the best move to the front. It is critical that sorting
++failedHighCnt;
}
else
+ {
+ ++rootMoves[pvIdx].bestMoveCount;
break;
+ }
delta += delta / 4 + 5;
&& !Threads.stop
&& !mainThread->stopOnPonderhit)
{
- double fallingEval = (314 + 9 * (mainThread->previousScore - bestValue)) / 581.0;
- fallingEval = clamp(fallingEval, 0.5, 1.5);
+ double fallingEval = (318 + 6 * (mainThread->bestPreviousScore - bestValue)
+ + 6 * (mainThread->iterValue[iterIdx] - bestValue)) / 825.0;
+ fallingEval = std::clamp(fallingEval, 0.5, 1.5);
// If the bestMove is stable over several iterations, reduce time accordingly
- timeReduction = lastBestMoveDepth + 10 * ONE_PLY < completedDepth ? 1.95 : 1.0;
- double reduction = std::pow(mainThread->previousTimeReduction, 0.528) / timeReduction;
+ timeReduction = lastBestMoveDepth + 9 < completedDepth ? 1.92 : 0.95;
+ double reduction = (1.47 + mainThread->previousTimeReduction) / (2.32 * timeReduction);
// Use part of the gained time from a previous stable move for the current move
for (Thread* th : Threads)
totBestMoveChanges += th->bestMoveChanges;
th->bestMoveChanges = 0;
}
- double bestMoveInstability = 1 + totBestMoveChanges / Threads.size();
+ double bestMoveInstability = 1 + 2 * totBestMoveChanges / Threads.size();
+
+ double totalTime = rootMoves.size() == 1 ? 0 :
+ Time.optimum() * fallingEval * reduction * bestMoveInstability;
- // Stop the search if we have only one legal move, or if available time elapsed
- if ( rootMoves.size() == 1
- || Time.elapsed() > Time.optimum() * fallingEval * reduction * bestMoveInstability)
+ // Stop the search if we have exceeded the totalTime, at least 1ms search
+ if (Time.elapsed() > totalTime)
{
// If we are allowed to ponder do not stop the search now but
// keep pondering until the GUI sends "ponderhit" or "stop".
else
Threads.stop = true;
}
+ else if ( Threads.increaseDepth
+ && !mainThread->ponder
+ && Time.elapsed() > totalTime * 0.58)
+ Threads.increaseDepth = false;
+ else
+ Threads.increaseDepth = true;
}
+
+ mainThread->iterValue[iterIdx] = bestValue;
+ iterIdx = (iterIdx + 1) & 3;
}
if (!mainThread)
&& !rootNode
&& pos.has_game_cycle(ss->ply))
{
- alpha = value_draw(depth, pos.this_thread());
+ alpha = value_draw(pos.this_thread());
if (alpha >= beta)
return alpha;
}
// Dive into quiescence search when the depth reaches zero
- if (depth < ONE_PLY)
+ if (depth <= 0)
return qsearch<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta);
assert(-VALUE_INFINITE <= alpha && alpha < beta && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
assert(PvNode || (alpha == beta - 1));
- assert(DEPTH_ZERO < depth && depth < DEPTH_MAX);
+ assert(0 < depth && depth < MAX_PLY);
assert(!(PvNode && cutNode));
- assert(depth / ONE_PLY * ONE_PLY == depth);
Move pv[MAX_PLY+1], capturesSearched[32], quietsSearched[64];
StateInfo st;
Key posKey;
Move ttMove, move, excludedMove, bestMove;
Depth extension, newDepth;
- Value bestValue, value, ttValue, eval, maxValue;
- bool ttHit, ttPv, inCheck, givesCheck, improving;
- bool captureOrPromotion, doFullDepthSearch, moveCountPruning, ttCapture;
+ Value bestValue, value, ttValue, eval, maxValue, probCutBeta;
+ bool formerPv, givesCheck, improving, didLMR, priorCapture;
+ bool captureOrPromotion, doFullDepthSearch, moveCountPruning,
+ ttCapture, singularQuietLMR;
Piece movedPiece;
- int moveCount, captureCount, quietCount, singularLMR;
+ int moveCount, captureCount, quietCount;
// Step 1. Initialize node
Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
- inCheck = pos.checkers();
+ ss->inCheck = pos.checkers();
+ priorCapture = pos.captured_piece();
Color us = pos.side_to_move();
- moveCount = captureCount = quietCount = singularLMR = ss->moveCount = 0;
+ moveCount = captureCount = quietCount = ss->moveCount = 0;
bestValue = -VALUE_INFINITE;
maxValue = VALUE_INFINITE;
if ( Threads.stop.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)
|| pos.is_draw(ss->ply)
|| ss->ply >= MAX_PLY)
- return (ss->ply >= MAX_PLY && !inCheck) ? evaluate(pos)
- : value_draw(depth, pos.this_thread());
+ return (ss->ply >= MAX_PLY && !ss->inCheck) ? evaluate(pos)
+ : value_draw(pos.this_thread());
// Step 3. Mate distance pruning. Even if we mate at the next move our score
// would be at best mate_in(ss->ply+1), but if alpha is already bigger because
assert(0 <= ss->ply && ss->ply < MAX_PLY);
(ss+1)->ply = ss->ply + 1;
+ (ss+1)->ttPv = false;
(ss+1)->excludedMove = bestMove = MOVE_NONE;
(ss+2)->killers[0] = (ss+2)->killers[1] = MOVE_NONE;
Square prevSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
// starts with statScore = 0. Later grandchildren start with the last calculated
// statScore of the previous grandchild. This influences the reduction rules in
// LMR which are based on the statScore of parent position.
- if (rootNode)
- (ss + 4)->statScore = 0;
- else
- (ss + 2)->statScore = 0;
+ if (!rootNode)
+ (ss+2)->statScore = 0;
// Step 4. Transposition table lookup. We don't want the score of a partial
// search to overwrite a previous full search TT value, so we use a different
// position key in case of an excluded move.
excludedMove = ss->excludedMove;
- posKey = pos.key() ^ Key(excludedMove << 16); // Isn't a very good hash
- tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
- ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
+ posKey = excludedMove == MOVE_NONE ? pos.key() : pos.key() ^ make_key(excludedMove);
+ tte = TT.probe(posKey, ss->ttHit);
+ ttValue = ss->ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply, pos.rule50_count()) : VALUE_NONE;
ttMove = rootNode ? thisThread->rootMoves[thisThread->pvIdx].pv[0]
- : ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
- ttPv = PvNode || (ttHit && tte->is_pv());
+ : ss->ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
+ if (!excludedMove)
+ ss->ttPv = PvNode || (ss->ttHit && tte->is_pv());
+ formerPv = ss->ttPv && !PvNode;
+
+ if ( ss->ttPv
+ && depth > 12
+ && ss->ply - 1 < MAX_LPH
+ && !priorCapture
+ && is_ok((ss-1)->currentMove))
+ thisThread->lowPlyHistory[ss->ply - 1][from_to((ss-1)->currentMove)] << stat_bonus(depth - 5);
+
+ // thisThread->ttHitAverage can be used to approximate the running average of ttHit
+ thisThread->ttHitAverage = (TtHitAverageWindow - 1) * thisThread->ttHitAverage / TtHitAverageWindow
+ + TtHitAverageResolution * ss->ttHit;
// At non-PV nodes we check for an early TT cutoff
if ( !PvNode
- && ttHit
+ && ss->ttHit
&& tte->depth() >= depth
&& ttValue != VALUE_NONE // Possible in case of TT access race
&& (ttValue >= beta ? (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
if (ttValue >= beta)
{
if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove))
- update_quiet_stats(pos, ss, ttMove, nullptr, 0, stat_bonus(depth));
+ update_quiet_stats(pos, ss, ttMove, stat_bonus(depth), depth);
// Extra penalty for early quiet moves of the previous ply
- if ((ss-1)->moveCount <= 2 && !pos.captured_piece())
- update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -stat_bonus(depth + ONE_PLY));
+ if ((ss-1)->moveCount <= 2 && !priorCapture)
+ update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -stat_bonus(depth + 1));
}
// Penalty for a quiet ttMove that fails low
else if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove))
update_continuation_histories(ss, pos.moved_piece(ttMove), to_sq(ttMove), penalty);
}
}
- return ttValue;
+
+ if (pos.rule50_count() < 90)
+ return ttValue;
}
// Step 5. Tablebases probe
int drawScore = TB::UseRule50 ? 1 : 0;
- value = wdl < -drawScore ? -VALUE_MATE + MAX_PLY + ss->ply + 1
- : wdl > drawScore ? VALUE_MATE - MAX_PLY - ss->ply - 1
- : VALUE_DRAW + 2 * wdl * drawScore;
+ // use the range VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY to VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY to score
+ value = wdl < -drawScore ? VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY + ss->ply + 1
+ : wdl > drawScore ? VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY - ss->ply - 1
+ : VALUE_DRAW + 2 * wdl * drawScore;
Bound b = wdl < -drawScore ? BOUND_UPPER
: wdl > drawScore ? BOUND_LOWER : BOUND_EXACT;
if ( b == BOUND_EXACT
|| (b == BOUND_LOWER ? value >= beta : value <= alpha))
{
- tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(value, ss->ply), ttPv, b,
- std::min(DEPTH_MAX - ONE_PLY, depth + 6 * ONE_PLY),
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(value, ss->ply), ss->ttPv, b,
+ std::min(MAX_PLY - 1, depth + 6),
MOVE_NONE, VALUE_NONE);
return value;
}
}
+ CapturePieceToHistory& captureHistory = thisThread->captureHistory;
+
// Step 6. Static evaluation of the position
- if (inCheck)
+ if (ss->inCheck)
{
+ // Skip early pruning when in check
ss->staticEval = eval = VALUE_NONE;
improving = false;
- goto moves_loop; // Skip early pruning when in check
+ goto moves_loop;
}
- else if (ttHit)
+ else if (ss->ttHit)
{
- // Never assume anything on values stored in TT
+ // Never assume anything about values stored in TT
ss->staticEval = eval = tte->eval();
if (eval == VALUE_NONE)
ss->staticEval = eval = evaluate(pos);
+ if (eval == VALUE_DRAW)
+ eval = value_draw(thisThread);
+
// Can ttValue be used as a better position evaluation?
if ( ttValue != VALUE_NONE
&& (tte->bound() & (ttValue > eval ? BOUND_LOWER : BOUND_UPPER)))
else
{
if ((ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL)
- {
- int bonus = -(ss-1)->statScore / 512;
-
- ss->staticEval = eval = evaluate(pos) + bonus;
- }
+ ss->staticEval = eval = evaluate(pos);
else
- ss->staticEval = eval = -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Eval::Tempo;
+ ss->staticEval = eval = -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Tempo;
- tte->save(posKey, VALUE_NONE, ttPv, BOUND_NONE, DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE, eval);
+ tte->save(posKey, VALUE_NONE, ss->ttPv, BOUND_NONE, DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE, eval);
}
- // Step 7. Razoring (~2 Elo)
+ // Step 7. Razoring (~1 Elo)
if ( !rootNode // The required rootNode PV handling is not available in qsearch
- && depth < 2 * ONE_PLY
+ && depth == 1
&& eval <= alpha - RazorMargin)
return qsearch<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta);
- improving = ss->staticEval >= (ss-2)->staticEval
- || (ss-2)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE;
+ improving = (ss-2)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE
+ ? ss->staticEval > (ss-4)->staticEval || (ss-4)->staticEval == VALUE_NONE
+ : ss->staticEval > (ss-2)->staticEval;
- // Step 8. Futility pruning: child node (~30 Elo)
+ // Step 8. Futility pruning: child node (~50 Elo)
if ( !PvNode
- && depth < 7 * ONE_PLY
+ && depth < 8
&& eval - futility_margin(depth, improving) >= beta
&& eval < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN) // Do not return unproven wins
return eval;
// Step 9. Null move search with verification search (~40 Elo)
if ( !PvNode
&& (ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL
- && (ss-1)->statScore < 23200
+ && (ss-1)->statScore < 22977
&& eval >= beta
- && ss->staticEval >= beta - 36 * depth / ONE_PLY + 225
+ && eval >= ss->staticEval
+ && ss->staticEval >= beta - 30 * depth - 28 * improving + 84 * ss->ttPv + 182
&& !excludedMove
&& pos.non_pawn_material(us)
&& (ss->ply >= thisThread->nmpMinPly || us != thisThread->nmpColor))
assert(eval - beta >= 0);
// Null move dynamic reduction based on depth and value
- Depth R = ((823 + 67 * depth / ONE_PLY) / 256 + std::min(int(eval - beta) / 200, 3)) * ONE_PLY;
+ Depth R = (817 + 71 * depth) / 213 + std::min(int(eval - beta) / 192, 3);
ss->currentMove = MOVE_NULL;
- ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[NO_PIECE][0];
+ ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[0][0][NO_PIECE][0];
pos.do_null_move(st);
if (nullValue >= beta)
{
- // Do not return unproven mate scores
- if (nullValue >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY)
+ // Do not return unproven mate or TB scores
+ if (nullValue >= VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY)
nullValue = beta;
- if (thisThread->nmpMinPly || (abs(beta) < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN && depth < 12 * ONE_PLY))
+ if (thisThread->nmpMinPly || (abs(beta) < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN && depth < 13))
return nullValue;
assert(!thisThread->nmpMinPly); // Recursive verification is not allowed
// Do verification search at high depths, with null move pruning disabled
// for us, until ply exceeds nmpMinPly.
- thisThread->nmpMinPly = ss->ply + 3 * (depth-R) / (4 * ONE_PLY);
+ thisThread->nmpMinPly = ss->ply + 3 * (depth-R) / 4;
thisThread->nmpColor = us;
Value v = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, beta-1, beta, depth-R, false);
}
}
+ probCutBeta = beta + 176 - 49 * improving;
+
// Step 10. ProbCut (~10 Elo)
// If we have a good enough capture and a reduced search returns a value
// much above beta, we can (almost) safely prune the previous move.
if ( !PvNode
- && depth >= 5 * ONE_PLY
- && abs(beta) < VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY)
+ && depth > 4
+ && abs(beta) < VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY
+ // if value from transposition table is lower than probCutBeta, don't attempt probCut
+ // there and in further interactions with transposition table cutoff depth is set to depth - 3
+ // because probCut search has depth set to depth - 4 but we also do a move before it
+ // so effective depth is equal to depth - 3
+ && !( ss->ttHit
+ && tte->depth() >= depth - 3
+ && ttValue != VALUE_NONE
+ && ttValue < probCutBeta))
{
- Value raisedBeta = std::min(beta + 216 - 48 * improving, VALUE_INFINITE);
- MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, raisedBeta - ss->staticEval, &thisThread->captureHistory);
+ // if ttMove is a capture and value from transposition table is good enough produce probCut
+ // cutoff without digging into actual probCut search
+ if ( ss->ttHit
+ && tte->depth() >= depth - 3
+ && ttValue != VALUE_NONE
+ && ttValue >= probCutBeta
+ && ttMove
+ && pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove))
+ return probCutBeta;
+
+ assert(probCutBeta < VALUE_INFINITE);
+ MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, probCutBeta - ss->staticEval, &captureHistory);
int probCutCount = 0;
+ bool ttPv = ss->ttPv;
+ ss->ttPv = false;
- while ( (move = mp.next_move()) != MOVE_NONE
+ while ( (move = mp.next_move()) != MOVE_NONE
&& probCutCount < 2 + 2 * cutNode)
if (move != excludedMove && pos.legal(move))
{
+ assert(pos.capture_or_promotion(move));
+ assert(depth >= 5);
+
+ captureOrPromotion = true;
probCutCount++;
ss->currentMove = move;
- ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)];
-
- assert(depth >= 5 * ONE_PLY);
+ ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[ss->inCheck]
+ [captureOrPromotion]
+ [pos.moved_piece(move)]
+ [to_sq(move)];
pos.do_move(move, st);
// Perform a preliminary qsearch to verify that the move holds
- value = -qsearch<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -raisedBeta, -raisedBeta+1);
+ value = -qsearch<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -probCutBeta, -probCutBeta+1);
// If the qsearch held, perform the regular search
- if (value >= raisedBeta)
- value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -raisedBeta, -raisedBeta+1, depth - 4 * ONE_PLY, !cutNode);
+ if (value >= probCutBeta)
+ value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -probCutBeta, -probCutBeta+1, depth - 4, !cutNode);
pos.undo_move(move);
- if (value >= raisedBeta)
+ if (value >= probCutBeta)
+ {
+ // if transposition table doesn't have equal or more deep info write probCut data into it
+ if ( !(ss->ttHit
+ && tte->depth() >= depth - 3
+ && ttValue != VALUE_NONE))
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(value, ss->ply), ttPv,
+ BOUND_LOWER,
+ depth - 3, move, ss->staticEval);
return value;
+ }
}
+ ss->ttPv = ttPv;
}
- // Step 11. Internal iterative deepening (~2 Elo)
- if (depth >= 8 * ONE_PLY && !ttMove)
- {
- search<NT>(pos, ss, alpha, beta, depth - 7 * ONE_PLY, cutNode);
-
- tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
- ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
- ttMove = ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
- }
+ // Step 11. If the position is not in TT, decrease depth by 2
+ if ( PvNode
+ && depth >= 6
+ && !ttMove)
+ depth -= 2;
moves_loop: // When in check, search starts from here
const PieceToHistory* contHist[] = { (ss-1)->continuationHistory, (ss-2)->continuationHistory,
- nullptr, (ss-4)->continuationHistory,
- nullptr, (ss-6)->continuationHistory };
+ nullptr , (ss-4)->continuationHistory,
+ nullptr , (ss-6)->continuationHistory };
Move countermove = thisThread->counterMoves[pos.piece_on(prevSq)][prevSq];
MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, &thisThread->mainHistory,
- &thisThread->captureHistory,
+ &thisThread->lowPlyHistory,
+ &captureHistory,
contHist,
countermove,
- ss->killers);
+ ss->killers,
+ ss->ply);
- value = bestValue; // Workaround a bogus 'uninitialized' warning under gcc
- moveCountPruning = false;
+ value = bestValue;
+ singularQuietLMR = moveCountPruning = false;
ttCapture = ttMove && pos.capture_or_promotion(ttMove);
- // Mark this node as being searched.
+ // Mark this node as being searched
ThreadHolding th(thisThread, posKey, ss->ply);
// Step 12. Loop through all pseudo-legal moves until no moves remain
thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->pvLast, move))
continue;
+ // Check for legality
+ if (!rootNode && !pos.legal(move))
+ continue;
+
ss->moveCount = ++moveCount;
if (rootNode && thisThread == Threads.main() && Time.elapsed() > 3000)
- sync_cout << "info depth " << depth / ONE_PLY
+ sync_cout << "info depth " << depth
<< " currmove " << UCI::move(move, pos.is_chess960())
<< " currmovenumber " << moveCount + thisThread->pvIdx << sync_endl;
-
- // In MultiPV mode also skip moves which will be searched later as PV moves
- if (rootNode && std::count(thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->pvIdx + 1,
- thisThread->rootMoves.begin() + thisThread->multiPV, move))
- continue;
-
if (PvNode)
(ss+1)->pv = nullptr;
- extension = DEPTH_ZERO;
+ extension = 0;
captureOrPromotion = pos.capture_or_promotion(move);
movedPiece = pos.moved_piece(move);
givesCheck = pos.gives_check(move);
- // Step 13. Extensions (~70 Elo)
+ // Calculate new depth for this move
+ newDepth = depth - 1;
+
+ // Step 13. Pruning at shallow depth (~200 Elo)
+ if ( !rootNode
+ && pos.non_pawn_material(us)
+ && bestValue > VALUE_TB_LOSS_IN_MAX_PLY)
+ {
+ // Skip quiet moves if movecount exceeds our FutilityMoveCount threshold
+ moveCountPruning = moveCount >= futility_move_count(improving, depth);
+
+ // Reduced depth of the next LMR search
+ int lmrDepth = std::max(newDepth - reduction(improving, depth, moveCount), 0);
+
+ if ( !captureOrPromotion
+ && !givesCheck)
+ {
+ // Countermoves based pruning (~20 Elo)
+ if ( lmrDepth < 4 + ((ss-1)->statScore > 0 || (ss-1)->moveCount == 1)
+ && (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold
+ && (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold)
+ continue;
+
+ // Futility pruning: parent node (~5 Elo)
+ if ( lmrDepth < 7
+ && !ss->inCheck
+ && ss->staticEval + 283 + 170 * lmrDepth <= alpha
+ && (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ + (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ + (*contHist[3])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ + (*contHist[5])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] / 2 < 27376)
+ continue;
- // Singular extension search (~60 Elo). If all moves but one fail low on a
+ // Prune moves with negative SEE (~20 Elo)
+ if (!pos.see_ge(move, Value(-(29 - std::min(lmrDepth, 18)) * lmrDepth * lmrDepth)))
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // Capture history based pruning when the move doesn't give check
+ if ( !givesCheck
+ && lmrDepth < 1
+ && captureHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)][type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(move)))] < 0)
+ continue;
+
+ // Futility pruning for captures
+ if ( !givesCheck
+ && lmrDepth < 6
+ && !(PvNode && abs(bestValue) < 2)
+ && !ss->inCheck
+ && ss->staticEval + 169 + 244 * lmrDepth
+ + PieceValue[MG][type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(move)))] <= alpha)
+ continue;
+
+ // See based pruning
+ if (!pos.see_ge(move, Value(-221) * depth)) // (~25 Elo)
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Step 14. Extensions (~75 Elo)
+
+ // Singular extension search (~70 Elo). If all moves but one fail low on a
// search of (alpha-s, beta-s), and just one fails high on (alpha, beta),
// then that move is singular and should be extended. To verify this we do
// a reduced search on all the other moves but the ttMove and if the
- // result is lower than ttValue minus a margin then we will extend the ttMove.
- if ( depth >= 8 * ONE_PLY
+ // result is lower than ttValue minus a margin, then we will extend the ttMove.
+ if ( depth >= 7
&& move == ttMove
&& !rootNode
&& !excludedMove // Avoid recursive singular search
/* && ttValue != VALUE_NONE Already implicit in the next condition */
&& abs(ttValue) < VALUE_KNOWN_WIN
&& (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
- && tte->depth() >= depth - 3 * ONE_PLY
- && pos.legal(move))
+ && tte->depth() >= depth - 3)
{
- Value singularBeta = ttValue - 2 * depth / ONE_PLY;
- Depth halfDepth = depth / (2 * ONE_PLY) * ONE_PLY; // ONE_PLY invariant
+ Value singularBeta = ttValue - ((formerPv + 4) * depth) / 2;
+ Depth singularDepth = (depth - 1 + 3 * formerPv) / 2;
ss->excludedMove = move;
- value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, singularBeta - 1, singularBeta, halfDepth, cutNode);
+ value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, singularBeta - 1, singularBeta, singularDepth, cutNode);
ss->excludedMove = MOVE_NONE;
if (value < singularBeta)
{
- extension = ONE_PLY;
- singularLMR++;
-
- if (value < singularBeta - std::min(3 * depth / ONE_PLY, 39))
- singularLMR++;
+ extension = 1;
+ singularQuietLMR = !ttCapture;
}
// Multi-cut pruning
// search without the ttMove. So we assume this expected Cut-node is not singular,
// that multiple moves fail high, and we can prune the whole subtree by returning
// a soft bound.
- else if ( eval >= beta
- && singularBeta >= beta)
+ else if (singularBeta >= beta)
return singularBeta;
+
+ // If the eval of ttMove is greater than beta we try also if there is another
+ // move that pushes it over beta, if so also produce a cutoff.
+ else if (ttValue >= beta)
+ {
+ ss->excludedMove = move;
+ value = search<NonPV>(pos, ss, beta - 1, beta, (depth + 3) / 2, cutNode);
+ ss->excludedMove = MOVE_NONE;
+
+ if (value >= beta)
+ return beta;
+ }
}
// Check extension (~2 Elo)
else if ( givesCheck
- && (pos.blockers_for_king(~us) & from_sq(move) || pos.see_ge(move)))
- extension = ONE_PLY;
-
- // Castling extension
- else if (type_of(move) == CASTLING)
- extension = ONE_PLY;
-
- // Shuffle extension
- else if ( PvNode
- && pos.rule50_count() > 18
- && depth < 3 * ONE_PLY
- && ++thisThread->shuffleExts < thisThread->nodes.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) / 4) // To avoid too many extensions
- extension = ONE_PLY;
-
- // Passed pawn extension
- else if ( move == ss->killers[0]
- && pos.advanced_pawn_push(move)
- && pos.pawn_passed(us, to_sq(move)))
- extension = ONE_PLY;
+ && (pos.is_discovery_check_on_king(~us, move) || pos.see_ge(move)))
+ extension = 1;
- // Calculate new depth for this move
- newDepth = depth - ONE_PLY + extension;
+ // Last captures extension
+ else if ( PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] > PawnValueEg
+ && pos.non_pawn_material() <= 2 * RookValueMg)
+ extension = 1;
- // Step 14. Pruning at shallow depth (~170 Elo)
- if ( !rootNode
- && pos.non_pawn_material(us)
- && bestValue > VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY)
- {
- // Skip quiet moves if movecount exceeds our FutilityMoveCount threshold
- moveCountPruning = moveCount >= futility_move_count(improving, depth / ONE_PLY);
+ // Late irreversible move extension
+ if ( move == ttMove
+ && pos.rule50_count() > 80
+ && (captureOrPromotion || type_of(movedPiece) == PAWN))
+ extension = 2;
- if ( !captureOrPromotion
- && !givesCheck
- && (!pos.advanced_pawn_push(move) || pos.non_pawn_material(~us) > BishopValueMg))
- {
- // Move count based pruning (~30 Elo)
- if (moveCountPruning)
- continue;
-
- // Reduced depth of the next LMR search
- int lmrDepth = std::max(newDepth - reduction(improving, depth, moveCount), DEPTH_ZERO);
- lmrDepth /= ONE_PLY;
-
- // Countermoves based pruning (~20 Elo)
- if ( lmrDepth < 3 + ((ss-1)->statScore > 0 || (ss-1)->moveCount == 1)
- && (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold
- && (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold)
- continue;
-
- // Futility pruning: parent node (~2 Elo)
- if ( lmrDepth < 7
- && !inCheck
- && ss->staticEval + 256 + 200 * lmrDepth <= alpha)
- continue;
-
- // Prune moves with negative SEE (~10 Elo)
- if (!pos.see_ge(move, Value(-29 * lmrDepth * lmrDepth)))
- continue;
- }
- else if ((!givesCheck || !extension)
- && !pos.see_ge(move, -PawnValueEg * (depth / ONE_PLY))) // (~20 Elo)
- continue;
- }
+ // Add extension to new depth
+ newDepth += extension;
// Speculative prefetch as early as possible
prefetch(TT.first_entry(pos.key_after(move)));
- // Check for legality just before making the move
- if (!rootNode && !pos.legal(move))
- {
- ss->moveCount = --moveCount;
- continue;
- }
-
// Update the current move (this must be done after singular extension search)
ss->currentMove = move;
- ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[movedPiece][to_sq(move)];
+ ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[ss->inCheck]
+ [captureOrPromotion]
+ [movedPiece]
+ [to_sq(move)];
// Step 15. Make the move
pos.do_move(move, st, givesCheck);
- // Step 16. Reduced depth search (LMR). If the move fails high it will be
+ // Step 16. Reduced depth search (LMR, ~200 Elo). If the move fails high it will be
// re-searched at full depth.
- if ( depth >= 3 * ONE_PLY
- && moveCount > 1 + 3 * rootNode
+ if ( depth >= 3
+ && moveCount > 1 + 2 * rootNode
&& ( !captureOrPromotion
|| moveCountPruning
- || ss->staticEval + PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] <= alpha))
+ || ss->staticEval + PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] <= alpha
+ || cutNode
+ || thisThread->ttHitAverage < 427 * TtHitAverageResolution * TtHitAverageWindow / 1024))
{
Depth r = reduction(improving, depth, moveCount);
- // Reduction if other threads are searching this position.
- if (th.marked())
- r += ONE_PLY;
+ // Decrease reduction if the ttHit running average is large
+ if (thisThread->ttHitAverage > 509 * TtHitAverageResolution * TtHitAverageWindow / 1024)
+ r--;
+
+ // Reduction if other threads are searching this position
+ if (th.marked())
+ r++;
- // Decrease reduction if position is or has been on the PV
- if (ttPv)
- r -= 2 * ONE_PLY;
+ // Decrease reduction if position is or has been on the PV (~10 Elo)
+ if (ss->ttPv)
+ r -= 2;
- // Decrease reduction if opponent's move count is high (~10 Elo)
- if ((ss-1)->moveCount > 15)
- r -= ONE_PLY;
+ if (moveCountPruning && !formerPv)
+ r++;
- // Decrease reduction if move has been singularly extended
- r -= singularLMR * ONE_PLY;
+ // Decrease reduction if opponent's move count is high (~5 Elo)
+ if ((ss-1)->moveCount > 13)
+ r--;
+
+ // Decrease reduction if ttMove has been singularly extended (~3 Elo)
+ if (singularQuietLMR)
+ r--;
if (!captureOrPromotion)
{
- // Increase reduction if ttMove is a capture (~0 Elo)
+ // Increase reduction if ttMove is a capture (~5 Elo)
if (ttCapture)
- r += ONE_PLY;
+ r++;
- // Increase reduction for cut nodes (~5 Elo)
+ // Increase reduction for cut nodes (~10 Elo)
if (cutNode)
- r += 2 * ONE_PLY;
+ r += 2;
// Decrease reduction for moves that escape a capture. Filter out
// castling moves, because they are coded as "king captures rook" and
- // hence break make_move(). (~5 Elo)
+ // hence break make_move(). (~2 Elo)
else if ( type_of(move) == NORMAL
- && !pos.see_ge(make_move(to_sq(move), from_sq(move))))
- r -= 2 * ONE_PLY;
+ && !pos.see_ge(reverse_move(move)))
+ r -= 2 + ss->ttPv - (type_of(movedPiece) == PAWN);
ss->statScore = thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(move)]
+ (*contHist[0])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[1])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
+ (*contHist[3])[movedPiece][to_sq(move)]
- - 4000;
+ - 5287;
// Decrease/increase reduction by comparing opponent's stat score (~10 Elo)
- if (ss->statScore >= 0 && (ss-1)->statScore < 0)
- r -= ONE_PLY;
+ if (ss->statScore >= -106 && (ss-1)->statScore < -104)
+ r--;
- else if ((ss-1)->statScore >= 0 && ss->statScore < 0)
- r += ONE_PLY;
+ else if ((ss-1)->statScore >= -119 && ss->statScore < -140)
+ r++;
// Decrease/increase reduction for moves with a good/bad history (~30 Elo)
- r -= ss->statScore / 20000 * ONE_PLY;
+ r -= ss->statScore / 14884;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // Increase reduction for captures/promotions if late move and at low depth
+ if (depth < 8 && moveCount > 2)
+ r++;
+
+ // Unless giving check, this capture is likely bad
+ if ( !givesCheck
+ && ss->staticEval + PieceValue[EG][pos.captured_piece()] + 213 * depth <= alpha)
+ r++;
}
- Depth d = clamp(newDepth - r, ONE_PLY, newDepth);
+ Depth d = std::clamp(newDepth - r, 1, newDepth);
value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, d, true);
- doFullDepthSearch = (value > alpha && d != newDepth);
+ doFullDepthSearch = value > alpha && d != newDepth;
+
+ didLMR = true;
}
else
+ {
doFullDepthSearch = !PvNode || moveCount > 1;
+ didLMR = false;
+ }
+
// Step 17. Full depth search when LMR is skipped or fails high
if (doFullDepthSearch)
+ {
value = -search<NonPV>(pos, ss+1, -(alpha+1), -alpha, newDepth, !cutNode);
+ if (didLMR && !captureOrPromotion)
+ {
+ int bonus = value > alpha ? stat_bonus(newDepth)
+ : -stat_bonus(newDepth);
+
+ if (move == ss->killers[0])
+ bonus += bonus / 4;
+
+ update_continuation_histories(ss, movedPiece, to_sq(move), bonus);
+ }
+ }
+
// For PV nodes only, do a full PV search on the first move or after a fail
// high (in the latter case search only if value < beta), otherwise let the
// parent node fail low with value <= alpha and try another move.
rm.pv.push_back(*m);
// We record how often the best move has been changed in each
- // iteration. This information is used for time management: When
+ // iteration. This information is used for time management: when
// the best move changes frequently, we allocate some more time.
if (moveCount > 1)
++thisThread->bestMoveChanges;
// must be a mate or a stalemate. If we are in a singular extension search then
// return a fail low score.
- assert(moveCount || !inCheck || excludedMove || !MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).size());
+ assert(moveCount || !ss->inCheck || excludedMove || !MoveList<LEGAL>(pos).size());
if (!moveCount)
bestValue = excludedMove ? alpha
- : inCheck ? mated_in(ss->ply) : VALUE_DRAW;
- else if (bestMove)
- {
- // Quiet best move: update move sorting heuristics
- if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove))
- update_quiet_stats(pos, ss, bestMove, quietsSearched, quietCount,
- stat_bonus(depth + (bestValue > beta + PawnValueMg ? ONE_PLY : DEPTH_ZERO)));
-
- update_capture_stats(pos, bestMove, capturesSearched, captureCount, stat_bonus(depth + ONE_PLY));
+ : ss->inCheck ? mated_in(ss->ply) : VALUE_DRAW;
- // Extra penalty for a quiet TT or main killer move in previous ply when it gets refuted
- if ( ((ss-1)->moveCount == 1 || ((ss-1)->currentMove == (ss-1)->killers[0]))
- && !pos.captured_piece())
- update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -stat_bonus(depth + ONE_PLY));
+ else if (bestMove)
+ update_all_stats(pos, ss, bestMove, bestValue, beta, prevSq,
+ quietsSearched, quietCount, capturesSearched, captureCount, depth);
- }
// Bonus for prior countermove that caused the fail low
- else if ( (depth >= 3 * ONE_PLY || PvNode)
- && !pos.captured_piece())
+ else if ( (depth >= 3 || PvNode)
+ && !priorCapture)
update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, stat_bonus(depth));
if (PvNode)
bestValue = std::min(bestValue, maxValue);
- if (!excludedMove)
- tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), ttPv,
+ // If no good move is found and the previous position was ttPv, then the previous
+ // opponent move is probably good and the new position is added to the search tree.
+ if (bestValue <= alpha)
+ ss->ttPv = ss->ttPv || ((ss-1)->ttPv && depth > 3);
+ // Otherwise, a counter move has been found and if the position is the last leaf
+ // in the search tree, remove the position from the search tree.
+ else if (depth > 3)
+ ss->ttPv = ss->ttPv && (ss+1)->ttPv;
+
+ if (!excludedMove && !(rootNode && thisThread->pvIdx))
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), ss->ttPv,
bestValue >= beta ? BOUND_LOWER :
PvNode && bestMove ? BOUND_EXACT : BOUND_UPPER,
depth, bestMove, ss->staticEval);
assert(alpha >= -VALUE_INFINITE && alpha < beta && beta <= VALUE_INFINITE);
assert(PvNode || (alpha == beta - 1));
- assert(depth <= DEPTH_ZERO);
- assert(depth / ONE_PLY * ONE_PLY == depth);
+ assert(depth <= 0);
Move pv[MAX_PLY+1];
StateInfo st;
Move ttMove, move, bestMove;
Depth ttDepth;
Value bestValue, value, ttValue, futilityValue, futilityBase, oldAlpha;
- bool ttHit, pvHit, inCheck, givesCheck, evasionPrunable;
+ bool pvHit, givesCheck, captureOrPromotion;
int moveCount;
if (PvNode)
Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
(ss+1)->ply = ss->ply + 1;
bestMove = MOVE_NONE;
- inCheck = pos.checkers();
+ ss->inCheck = pos.checkers();
moveCount = 0;
// Check for an immediate draw or maximum ply reached
if ( pos.is_draw(ss->ply)
|| ss->ply >= MAX_PLY)
- return (ss->ply >= MAX_PLY && !inCheck) ? evaluate(pos) : VALUE_DRAW;
+ return (ss->ply >= MAX_PLY && !ss->inCheck) ? evaluate(pos) : VALUE_DRAW;
assert(0 <= ss->ply && ss->ply < MAX_PLY);
// Decide whether or not to include checks: this fixes also the type of
// TT entry depth that we are going to use. Note that in qsearch we use
// only two types of depth in TT: DEPTH_QS_CHECKS or DEPTH_QS_NO_CHECKS.
- ttDepth = inCheck || depth >= DEPTH_QS_CHECKS ? DEPTH_QS_CHECKS
+ ttDepth = ss->inCheck || depth >= DEPTH_QS_CHECKS ? DEPTH_QS_CHECKS
: DEPTH_QS_NO_CHECKS;
// Transposition table lookup
posKey = pos.key();
- tte = TT.probe(posKey, ttHit);
- ttValue = ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply) : VALUE_NONE;
- ttMove = ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
- pvHit = ttHit && tte->is_pv();
+ tte = TT.probe(posKey, ss->ttHit);
+ ttValue = ss->ttHit ? value_from_tt(tte->value(), ss->ply, pos.rule50_count()) : VALUE_NONE;
+ ttMove = ss->ttHit ? tte->move() : MOVE_NONE;
+ pvHit = ss->ttHit && tte->is_pv();
if ( !PvNode
- && ttHit
+ && ss->ttHit
&& tte->depth() >= ttDepth
&& ttValue != VALUE_NONE // Only in case of TT access race
&& (ttValue >= beta ? (tte->bound() & BOUND_LOWER)
return ttValue;
// Evaluate the position statically
- if (inCheck)
+ if (ss->inCheck)
{
ss->staticEval = VALUE_NONE;
bestValue = futilityBase = -VALUE_INFINITE;
}
else
{
- if (ttHit)
+ if (ss->ttHit)
{
- // Never assume anything on values stored in TT
+ // Never assume anything about values stored in TT
if ((ss->staticEval = bestValue = tte->eval()) == VALUE_NONE)
ss->staticEval = bestValue = evaluate(pos);
else
ss->staticEval = bestValue =
(ss-1)->currentMove != MOVE_NULL ? evaluate(pos)
- : -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Eval::Tempo;
+ : -(ss-1)->staticEval + 2 * Tempo;
// Stand pat. Return immediately if static value is at least beta
if (bestValue >= beta)
{
- if (!ttHit)
- tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), pvHit, BOUND_LOWER,
+ if (!ss->ttHit)
+ tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), false, BOUND_LOWER,
DEPTH_NONE, MOVE_NONE, ss->staticEval);
return bestValue;
if (PvNode && bestValue > alpha)
alpha = bestValue;
- futilityBase = bestValue + 128;
+ futilityBase = bestValue + 145;
}
const PieceToHistory* contHist[] = { (ss-1)->continuationHistory, (ss-2)->continuationHistory,
- nullptr, (ss-4)->continuationHistory,
- nullptr, (ss-6)->continuationHistory };
+ nullptr , (ss-4)->continuationHistory,
+ nullptr , (ss-6)->continuationHistory };
// Initialize a MovePicker object for the current position, and prepare
// to search the moves. Because the depth is <= 0 here, only captures,
- // queen promotions and checks (only if depth >= DEPTH_QS_CHECKS) will
- // be generated.
+ // queen and checking knight promotions, and other checks(only if depth >= DEPTH_QS_CHECKS)
+ // will be generated.
MovePicker mp(pos, ttMove, depth, &thisThread->mainHistory,
&thisThread->captureHistory,
contHist,
assert(is_ok(move));
givesCheck = pos.gives_check(move);
+ captureOrPromotion = pos.capture_or_promotion(move);
moveCount++;
// Futility pruning
- if ( !inCheck
+ if ( !ss->inCheck
&& !givesCheck
&& futilityBase > -VALUE_KNOWN_WIN
&& !pos.advanced_pawn_push(move))
{
assert(type_of(move) != ENPASSANT); // Due to !pos.advanced_pawn_push
+ // moveCount pruning
+ if (moveCount > 2)
+ continue;
+
futilityValue = futilityBase + PieceValue[EG][pos.piece_on(to_sq(move))];
if (futilityValue <= alpha)
}
}
- // Detect non-capture evasions that are candidates to be pruned
- evasionPrunable = inCheck
- && (depth != DEPTH_ZERO || moveCount > 2)
- && bestValue > VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY
- && !pos.capture(move);
-
- // Don't search moves with negative SEE values
- if ( (!inCheck || evasionPrunable)
- && (!givesCheck || !(pos.blockers_for_king(~pos.side_to_move()) & from_sq(move)))
+ // Do not search moves with negative SEE values
+ if ( !ss->inCheck
+ && !(givesCheck && pos.is_discovery_check_on_king(~pos.side_to_move(), move))
&& !pos.see_ge(move))
continue;
}
ss->currentMove = move;
- ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)];
+ ss->continuationHistory = &thisThread->continuationHistory[ss->inCheck]
+ [captureOrPromotion]
+ [pos.moved_piece(move)]
+ [to_sq(move)];
+
+ if ( !captureOrPromotion
+ && moveCount
+ && (*contHist[0])[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold
+ && (*contHist[1])[pos.moved_piece(move)][to_sq(move)] < CounterMovePruneThreshold)
+ continue;
// Make and search the move
pos.do_move(move, st, givesCheck);
- value = -qsearch<NT>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, depth - ONE_PLY);
+ value = -qsearch<NT>(pos, ss+1, -beta, -alpha, depth - 1);
pos.undo_move(move);
assert(value > -VALUE_INFINITE && value < VALUE_INFINITE);
}
}
- // All legal moves have been searched. A special case: If we're in check
+ // All legal moves have been searched. A special case: if we're in check
// and no legal moves were found, it is checkmate.
- if (inCheck && bestValue == -VALUE_INFINITE)
+ if (ss->inCheck && bestValue == -VALUE_INFINITE)
return mated_in(ss->ply); // Plies to mate from the root
tte->save(posKey, value_to_tt(bestValue, ss->ply), pvHit,
}
- // value_to_tt() adjusts a mate score from "plies to mate from the root" to
- // "plies to mate from the current position". Non-mate scores are unchanged.
+ // value_to_tt() adjusts a mate or TB score from "plies to mate from the root" to
+ // "plies to mate from the current position". Standard scores are unchanged.
// The function is called before storing a value in the transposition table.
Value value_to_tt(Value v, int ply) {
assert(v != VALUE_NONE);
- return v >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY ? v + ply
- : v <= VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY ? v - ply : v;
+ return v >= VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY ? v + ply
+ : v <= VALUE_TB_LOSS_IN_MAX_PLY ? v - ply : v;
}
- // value_from_tt() is the inverse of value_to_tt(): It adjusts a mate score
- // from the transposition table (which refers to the plies to mate/be mated
- // from current position) to "plies to mate/be mated from the root".
+ // value_from_tt() is the inverse of value_to_tt(): it adjusts a mate or TB score
+ // from the transposition table (which refers to the plies to mate/be mated from
+ // current position) to "plies to mate/be mated (TB win/loss) from the root". However,
+ // for mate scores, to avoid potentially false mate scores related to the 50 moves rule
+ // and the graph history interaction, we return an optimal TB score instead.
+
+ Value value_from_tt(Value v, int ply, int r50c) {
+
+ if (v == VALUE_NONE)
+ return VALUE_NONE;
+
+ if (v >= VALUE_TB_WIN_IN_MAX_PLY) // TB win or better
+ {
+ if (v >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY && VALUE_MATE - v > 99 - r50c)
+ return VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY - 1; // do not return a potentially false mate score
+
+ return v - ply;
+ }
- Value value_from_tt(Value v, int ply) {
+ if (v <= VALUE_TB_LOSS_IN_MAX_PLY) // TB loss or worse
+ {
+ if (v <= VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY && VALUE_MATE + v > 99 - r50c)
+ return VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY + 1; // do not return a potentially false mate score
+
+ return v + ply;
+ }
- return v == VALUE_NONE ? VALUE_NONE
- : v >= VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY ? v - ply
- : v <= VALUE_MATED_IN_MAX_PLY ? v + ply : v;
+ return v;
}
}
- // update_continuation_histories() updates histories of the move pairs formed
- // by moves at ply -1, -2, and -4 with current move.
+ // update_all_stats() updates stats at the end of search() when a bestMove is found
- void update_continuation_histories(Stack* ss, Piece pc, Square to, int bonus) {
+ void update_all_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move bestMove, Value bestValue, Value beta, Square prevSq,
+ Move* quietsSearched, int quietCount, Move* capturesSearched, int captureCount, Depth depth) {
- for (int i : {1, 2, 4, 6})
- if (is_ok((ss-i)->currentMove))
- (*(ss-i)->continuationHistory)[pc][to] << bonus;
- }
+ int bonus1, bonus2;
+ Color us = pos.side_to_move();
+ Thread* thisThread = pos.this_thread();
+ CapturePieceToHistory& captureHistory = thisThread->captureHistory;
+ Piece moved_piece = pos.moved_piece(bestMove);
+ PieceType captured = type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(bestMove)));
+
+ bonus1 = stat_bonus(depth + 1);
+ bonus2 = bestValue > beta + PawnValueMg ? bonus1 // larger bonus
+ : stat_bonus(depth); // smaller bonus
+
+ if (!pos.capture_or_promotion(bestMove))
+ {
+ update_quiet_stats(pos, ss, bestMove, bonus2, depth);
+ // Decrease all the non-best quiet moves
+ for (int i = 0; i < quietCount; ++i)
+ {
+ thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(quietsSearched[i])] << -bonus2;
+ update_continuation_histories(ss, pos.moved_piece(quietsSearched[i]), to_sq(quietsSearched[i]), -bonus2);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ captureHistory[moved_piece][to_sq(bestMove)][captured] << bonus1;
+
+ // Extra penalty for a quiet early move that was not a TT move or main killer move in previous ply when it gets refuted
+ if ( ((ss-1)->moveCount == 1 + (ss-1)->ttHit || ((ss-1)->currentMove == (ss-1)->killers[0]))
+ && !pos.captured_piece())
+ update_continuation_histories(ss-1, pos.piece_on(prevSq), prevSq, -bonus1);
- // update_capture_stats() updates move sorting heuristics when a new capture best move is found
+ // Decrease all the non-best capture moves
+ for (int i = 0; i < captureCount; ++i)
+ {
+ moved_piece = pos.moved_piece(capturesSearched[i]);
+ captured = type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(capturesSearched[i])));
+ captureHistory[moved_piece][to_sq(capturesSearched[i])][captured] << -bonus1;
+ }
+ }
- void update_capture_stats(const Position& pos, Move move,
- Move* captures, int captureCount, int bonus) {
- CapturePieceToHistory& captureHistory = pos.this_thread()->captureHistory;
- Piece moved_piece = pos.moved_piece(move);
- PieceType captured = type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(move)));
+ // update_continuation_histories() updates histories of the move pairs formed
+ // by moves at ply -1, -2, -4, and -6 with current move.
- if (pos.capture_or_promotion(move))
- captureHistory[moved_piece][to_sq(move)][captured] << bonus;
+ void update_continuation_histories(Stack* ss, Piece pc, Square to, int bonus) {
- // Decrease all the other played capture moves
- for (int i = 0; i < captureCount; ++i)
- {
- moved_piece = pos.moved_piece(captures[i]);
- captured = type_of(pos.piece_on(to_sq(captures[i])));
- captureHistory[moved_piece][to_sq(captures[i])][captured] << -bonus;
- }
+ for (int i : {1, 2, 4, 6})
+ {
+ if (ss->inCheck && i > 2)
+ break;
+ if (is_ok((ss-i)->currentMove))
+ (*(ss-i)->continuationHistory)[pc][to] << bonus;
+ }
}
- // update_quiet_stats() updates move sorting heuristics when a new quiet best move is found
+ // update_quiet_stats() updates move sorting heuristics
- void update_quiet_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move,
- Move* quiets, int quietCount, int bonus) {
+ void update_quiet_stats(const Position& pos, Stack* ss, Move move, int bonus, int depth) {
if (ss->killers[0] != move)
{
thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(move)] << bonus;
update_continuation_histories(ss, pos.moved_piece(move), to_sq(move), bonus);
+ if (type_of(pos.moved_piece(move)) != PAWN)
+ thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(reverse_move(move))] << -bonus;
+
if (is_ok((ss-1)->currentMove))
{
Square prevSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
thisThread->counterMoves[pos.piece_on(prevSq)][prevSq] = move;
}
- // Decrease all the other played quiet moves
- for (int i = 0; i < quietCount; ++i)
- {
- thisThread->mainHistory[us][from_to(quiets[i])] << -bonus;
- update_continuation_histories(ss, pos.moved_piece(quiets[i]), to_sq(quiets[i]), -bonus);
- }
+ if (depth > 11 && ss->ply < MAX_LPH)
+ thisThread->lowPlyHistory[ss->ply][from_to(move)] << stat_bonus(depth - 7);
}
// When playing with strength handicap, choose best move among a set of RootMoves
} // namespace
+
/// MainThread::check_time() is used to print debug info and, more importantly,
/// to detect when we are out of available time and thus stop the search.
for (size_t i = 0; i < multiPV; ++i)
{
- bool updated = (i <= pvIdx && rootMoves[i].score != -VALUE_INFINITE);
+ bool updated = rootMoves[i].score != -VALUE_INFINITE;
- if (depth == ONE_PLY && !updated)
+ if (depth == 1 && !updated && i > 0)
continue;
- Depth d = updated ? depth : depth - ONE_PLY;
+ Depth d = updated ? depth : std::max(1, depth - 1);
Value v = updated ? rootMoves[i].score : rootMoves[i].previousScore;
- bool tb = TB::RootInTB && abs(v) < VALUE_MATE - MAX_PLY;
+ if (v == -VALUE_INFINITE)
+ v = VALUE_ZERO;
+
+ bool tb = TB::RootInTB && abs(v) < VALUE_MATE_IN_MAX_PLY;
v = tb ? rootMoves[i].tbScore : v;
if (ss.rdbuf()->in_avail()) // Not at first line
ss << "\n";
ss << "info"
- << " depth " << d / ONE_PLY
+ << " depth " << d
<< " seldepth " << rootMoves[i].selDepth
<< " multipv " << i + 1
<< " score " << UCI::value(v);
+ if (Options["UCI_ShowWDL"])
+ ss << UCI::wdl(v, pos.game_ply());
+
if (!tb && i == pvIdx)
ss << (v >= beta ? " lowerbound" : v <= alpha ? " upperbound" : "");
RootInTB = false;
UseRule50 = bool(Options["Syzygy50MoveRule"]);
- ProbeDepth = int(Options["SyzygyProbeDepth"]) * ONE_PLY;
+ ProbeDepth = int(Options["SyzygyProbeDepth"]);
Cardinality = int(Options["SyzygyProbeLimit"]);
bool dtz_available = true;
if (Cardinality > MaxCardinality)
{
Cardinality = MaxCardinality;
- ProbeDepth = DEPTH_ZERO;
+ ProbeDepth = 0;
}
if (Cardinality >= popcount(pos.pieces()) && !pos.can_castle(ANY_CASTLING))
if (RootInTB)
{
// Sort moves according to TB rank
- std::sort(rootMoves.begin(), rootMoves.end(),
+ std::stable_sort(rootMoves.begin(), rootMoves.end(),
[](const RootMove &a, const RootMove &b) { return a.tbRank > b.tbRank; } );
// Probe during search only if DTZ is not available and we are winning