X-Git-Url: https://git.sesse.net/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=doc%2Fdeveloper.texi;h=832e21e9a00c7bd79e04c86e3653efe2e71f182d;hb=2725f2d40315b56f17c5dffe39dda7d94786302d;hp=cde87f1e5dadd4671629368db499b3f0dc393010;hpb=72ad96c8544cff11b66fa3412023c6c535703f74;p=ffmpeg diff --git a/doc/developer.texi b/doc/developer.texi index cde87f1e5da..832e21e9a00 100644 --- a/doc/developer.texi +++ b/doc/developer.texi @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ @chapter Developers Guide @section API + @itemize @bullet @item libavcodec is the library containing the codecs (both encoding and decoding). Look at @file{libavcodec/apiexample.c} to see how to use it. @@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ decoding). Look at @file{libavcodec/apiexample.c} to see how to use it. demux code for several formats). Look at @file{avplay.c} to use it in a player. See @file{libavformat/output-example.c} to use it to generate audio or video streams. - @end itemize @section Integrating libav in your program @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ mailing list. @subsection Code formatting conventions The code is written in K&R C style. That means the following: + @itemize @bullet @item The control statements are formatted by putting space between the statement @@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ and parenthesis in the following way: @example for (i = 0; i < filter->input_count; i++) @{ @end example + @item The case statement is always located at the same level as the switch itself: @example @@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ case AVLINK_STARTINIT: av_log(filter, AV_LOG_INFO, "circular filter chain detected"); return 0; @end example + @item Braces in function declarations are written on the new line: @example @@ -72,29 +75,35 @@ const char *avfilter_configuration(void) return LIBAV_CONFIGURATION; @} @end example + @item Do not check for NULL values by comparison, @samp{if (p)} and @samp{if (!p)} are correct; @samp{if (p == NULL)} and @samp{if (p != NULL)} are not. + @item In case of a single-statement if, no curly braces are required: @example if (!pic || !picref) goto fail; @end example + @item Do not put spaces immediately inside parentheses. @samp{if (ret)} is a valid style; @samp{if ( ret )} is not. @end itemize There are the following guidelines regarding the indentation in files: + @itemize @bullet @item Indent size is 4. + @item The TAB character is forbidden outside of Makefiles as is any form of trailing whitespace. Commits containing either will be rejected by the git repository. + @item You should try to limit your code lines to 80 characters; however, do so if and only if this improves readability. @@ -148,13 +157,17 @@ int myfunc(int my_parameter) Libav is programmed in the ISO C90 language with a few additional features from ISO C99, namely: + @itemize @bullet @item the @samp{inline} keyword; + @item @samp{//} comments; + @item designated struct initializers (@samp{struct s x = @{ .i = 17 @};}) + @item compound literals (@samp{x = (struct s) @{ 17, 23 @};}) @end itemize @@ -166,13 +179,17 @@ clarity and performance. All code must compile with recent versions of GCC and a number of other currently supported compilers. To ensure compatibility, please do not use additional C99 features or GCC extensions. Especially watch out for: + @itemize @bullet @item mixing statements and declarations; + @item @samp{long long} (use @samp{int64_t} instead); + @item @samp{__attribute__} not protected by @samp{#ifdef __GNUC__} or similar; + @item GCC statement expressions (@samp{(x = (@{ int y = 4; y; @})}). @end itemize @@ -184,20 +201,25 @@ All names should be composed with underscores (_), not CamelCase. For example, names; they should always be CamelCase. There are the following conventions for naming variables and functions: + @itemize @bullet @item For local variables no prefix is required. + @item For file-scope variables and functions declared as @code{static}, no prefix is required. + @item For variables and functions visible outside of file scope, but only used internally by a library, an @code{ff_} prefix should be used, e.g. @samp{ff_w64_demuxer}. + @item For variables and functions visible outside of file scope, used internally across multiple libraries, use @code{avpriv_} as prefix, for example, @samp{avpriv_aac_parse_header}. + @item For externally visible symbols, each library has its own prefix. Check the existing code and choose names accordingly. @@ -212,10 +234,12 @@ are reserved at the file level and may not be used for externally visible symbols. If in doubt, just avoid names starting with @code{_} altogether. @subsection Miscellaneous conventions + @itemize @bullet @item fprintf and printf are forbidden in libavformat and libavcodec, please use av_log() instead. + @item Casts should be used only when necessary. Unneeded parentheses should also be avoided if they don't make the code easier to understand. @@ -258,105 +282,122 @@ For Emacs, add these roughly equivalent lines to your @file{.emacs.d/init.el}: @enumerate @item - Contributions should be licensed under the - @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html, LGPL 2.1}, - including an "or any later version" clause, or, if you prefer - a gift-style license, the - @uref{http://www.isc.org/software/license/, ISC} or - @uref{http://mit-license.org/, MIT} license. - @uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html, GPL 2} including - an "or any later version" clause is also acceptable, but LGPL is - preferred. -@item - All the patches MUST be reviewed in the mailing list before they are - committed. -@item - The Libav coding style should remain consistent. Changes to - conform will be suggested during the review or implemented on commit. -@item - Patches should be generated using @code{git format-patch} or directly sent - using @code{git send-email}. - Please make sure you give the proper credit by setting the correct author - in the commit. -@item - The commit message should have a short first line in the form of - a @samp{topic: short description} as a header, separated by a newline - from the body consisting of an explanation of why the change is necessary. - If the commit fixes a known bug on the bug tracker, the commit message - should include its bug ID. Referring to the issue on the bug tracker does - not exempt you from writing an excerpt of the bug in the commit message. - If the patch is a bug fix which should be backported to stable releases, - i.e. a non-API/ABI-breaking bug fix, add @code{CC: libav-stable@@libav.org} - to the bottom of your commit message, and make sure to CC your patch to - this address, too. Some git setups will do this automatically. -@item - Work in progress patches should be sent to the mailing list with the [WIP] - or the [RFC] tag. -@item - Branches in public personal repos are advised as way to - work on issues collaboratively. -@item - You do not have to over-test things. If it works for you and you think it - should work for others, send it to the mailing list for review. - If you have doubt about portability please state it in the submission so - people with specific hardware could test it. -@item - Do not commit unrelated changes together, split them into self-contained - pieces. Also do not forget that if part B depends on part A, but A does not - depend on B, then A can and should be committed first and separate from B. - Keeping changes well split into self-contained parts makes reviewing and - understanding them on the commit log mailing list easier. This also helps - in case of debugging later on. -@item - Patches that change behavior of the programs (renaming options etc) or - public API or ABI should be discussed in depth and possible few days should - pass between discussion and commit. - Changes to the build system (Makefiles, configure script) which alter - the expected behavior should be considered in the same regard. -@item - When applying patches that have been discussed (at length) on the mailing - list, reference the thread in the log message. -@item - Subscribe to the - @uref{https://lists.libav.org/mailman/listinfo/libav-devel, libav-devel} and - @uref{https://lists.libav.org/mailman/listinfo/libav-commits, libav-commits} - mailing lists. - Bugs and possible improvements or general questions regarding commits - are discussed on libav-devel. We expect you to react if problems with - your code are uncovered. -@item - Update the documentation if you change behavior or add features. If you are - unsure how best to do this, send an [RFC] patch to libav-devel. -@item - All discussions and decisions should be reported on the public developer - mailing list, so that there is a reference to them. - Other media (e.g. IRC) should be used for coordination and immediate - collaboration. -@item - Never write to unallocated memory, never write over the end of arrays, - always check values read from some untrusted source before using them - as array index or other risky things. Always use valgrind to double-check. -@item - Remember to check if you need to bump versions for the specific libav - parts (libavutil, libavcodec, libavformat) you are changing. You need - to change the version integer. - Incrementing the first component means no backward compatibility to - previous versions (e.g. removal of a function from the public API). - Incrementing the second component means backward compatible change - (e.g. addition of a function to the public API or extension of an - existing data structure). - Incrementing the third component means a noteworthy binary compatible - change (e.g. encoder bug fix that matters for the decoder). -@item - Compiler warnings indicate potential bugs or code with bad style. - If it is a bug, the bug has to be fixed. If it is not, the code should - be changed to not generate a warning unless that causes a slowdown - or obfuscates the code. - If a type of warning leads to too many false positives, that warning - should be disabled, not the code changed. -@item - If you add a new file, give it a proper license header. Do not copy and - paste it from a random place, use an existing file as template. +Contributions should be licensed under the +@uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html, LGPL 2.1}, +including an "or any later version" clause, or, if you prefer +a gift-style license, the +@uref{http://www.isc.org/software/license/, ISC} or +@uref{http://mit-license.org/, MIT} license. +@uref{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html, GPL 2} including +an "or any later version" clause is also acceptable, but LGPL is +preferred. + +@item +All the patches MUST be reviewed in the mailing list before they are +committed. + +@item +The Libav coding style should remain consistent. Changes to +conform will be suggested during the review or implemented on commit. + +@item +Patches should be generated using @code{git format-patch} or directly sent +using @code{git send-email}. +Please make sure you give the proper credit by setting the correct author +in the commit. + +@item +The commit message should have a short first line in the form of +a @samp{topic: short description} as a header, separated by a newline +from the body consisting of an explanation of why the change is necessary. +If the commit fixes a known bug on the bug tracker, the commit message +should include its bug ID. Referring to the issue on the bug tracker does +not exempt you from writing an excerpt of the bug in the commit message. +If the patch is a bug fix which should be backported to stable releases, +i.e. a non-API/ABI-breaking bug fix, add @code{CC: libav-stable@@libav.org} +to the bottom of your commit message, and make sure to CC your patch to +this address, too. Some git setups will do this automatically. + +@item +Work in progress patches should be sent to the mailing list with the [WIP] +or the [RFC] tag. + +@item +Branches in public personal repos are advised as way to +work on issues collaboratively. + +@item +You do not have to over-test things. If it works for you and you think it +should work for others, send it to the mailing list for review. +If you have doubt about portability please state it in the submission so +people with specific hardware could test it. + +@item +Do not commit unrelated changes together, split them into self-contained +pieces. Also do not forget that if part B depends on part A, but A does not +depend on B, then A can and should be committed first and separate from B. +Keeping changes well split into self-contained parts makes reviewing and +understanding them on the commit log mailing list easier. This also helps +in case of debugging later on. + +@item +Patches that change behavior of the programs (renaming options etc) or +public API or ABI should be discussed in depth and possible few days should +pass between discussion and commit. +Changes to the build system (Makefiles, configure script) which alter +the expected behavior should be considered in the same regard. + +@item +When applying patches that have been discussed (at length) on the mailing +list, reference the thread in the log message. + +@item +Subscribe to the +@uref{https://lists.libav.org/mailman/listinfo/libav-devel, libav-devel} and +@uref{https://lists.libav.org/mailman/listinfo/libav-commits, libav-commits} +mailing lists. +Bugs and possible improvements or general questions regarding commits +are discussed on libav-devel. We expect you to react if problems with +your code are uncovered. + +@item +Update the documentation if you change behavior or add features. If you are +unsure how best to do this, send an [RFC] patch to libav-devel. + +@item +All discussions and decisions should be reported on the public developer +mailing list, so that there is a reference to them. +Other media (e.g. IRC) should be used for coordination and immediate +collaboration. + +@item +Never write to unallocated memory, never write over the end of arrays, +always check values read from some untrusted source before using them +as array index or other risky things. Always use valgrind to double-check. + +@item +Remember to check if you need to bump versions for the specific libav +parts (libavutil, libavcodec, libavformat) you are changing. You need +to change the version integer. +Incrementing the first component means no backward compatibility to +previous versions (e.g. removal of a function from the public API). +Incrementing the second component means backward compatible change +(e.g. addition of a function to the public API or extension of an +existing data structure). +Incrementing the third component means a noteworthy binary compatible +change (e.g. encoder bug fix that matters for the decoder). + +@item +Compiler warnings indicate potential bugs or code with bad style. +If it is a bug, the bug has to be fixed. If it is not, the code should +be changed to not generate a warning unless that causes a slowdown +or obfuscates the code. +If a type of warning leads to too many false positives, that warning +should be disabled, not the code changed. + +@item +If you add a new file, give it a proper license header. Do not copy and +paste it from a random place, use an existing file as template. @end enumerate We think our rules are not too hard. If you have comments, contact us. @@ -409,40 +450,51 @@ send a reminder by email. Your patch should eventually be dealt with. @enumerate @item - Did you use av_cold for codec initialization and close functions? +Did you use av_cold for codec initialization and close functions? + @item - Did you add a long_name under NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL to the AVCodec or - AVInputFormat/AVOutputFormat struct? +Did you add a long_name under NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL to the AVCodec or +AVInputFormat/AVOutputFormat struct? + @item - Did you bump the minor version number (and reset the micro version - number) in @file{libavcodec/version.h} or @file{libavformat/version.h}? +Did you bump the minor version number (and reset the micro version +number) in @file{libavcodec/version.h} or @file{libavformat/version.h}? + @item - Did you register it in @file{allcodecs.c} or @file{allformats.c}? +Did you register it in @file{allcodecs.c} or @file{allformats.c}? + @item - Did you add the AVCodecID to @file{avcodec.h}? - When adding new codec IDs, also add an entry to the codec descriptor - list in @file{libavcodec/codec_desc.c}. +Did you add the AVCodecID to @file{avcodec.h}? +When adding new codec IDs, also add an entry to the codec descriptor +list in @file{libavcodec/codec_desc.c}. + @item - If it has a FourCC, did you add it to @file{libavformat/riff.c}, - even if it is only a decoder? +If it has a FourCC, did you add it to @file{libavformat/riff.c}, +even if it is only a decoder? + @item - Did you add a rule to compile the appropriate files in the Makefile? - Remember to do this even if you are just adding a format to a file that - is already being compiled by some other rule, like a raw demuxer. +Did you add a rule to compile the appropriate files in the Makefile? +Remember to do this even if you are just adding a format to a file that +is already being compiled by some other rule, like a raw demuxer. + @item - Did you add an entry to the table of supported formats or codecs in - @file{doc/general.texi}? +Did you add an entry to the table of supported formats or codecs in +@file{doc/general.texi}? + @item - Did you add an entry in the Changelog? +Did you add an entry in the Changelog? + @item - If it depends on a parser or a library, did you add that dependency in - configure? +If it depends on a parser or a library, did you add that dependency in +configure? + @item - Did you @code{git add} the appropriate files before committing? +Did you @code{git add} the appropriate files before committing? + @item - Did you make sure it compiles standalone, i.e. with - @code{configure --disable-everything --enable-decoder=foo} - (or @code{--enable-demuxer} or whatever your component is)? +Did you make sure it compiles standalone, i.e. with +@code{configure --disable-everything --enable-decoder=foo} +(or @code{--enable-demuxer} or whatever your component is)? @end enumerate @@ -450,68 +502,89 @@ send a reminder by email. Your patch should eventually be dealt with. @enumerate @item - Does @code{make check} pass with the patch applied? +Does @code{make check} pass with the patch applied? + @item - Is the patch against latest Libav git master branch? +Is the patch against latest Libav git master branch? + @item - Are you subscribed to the - @uref{https://lists.libav.org/mailman/listinfo/libav-devel, libav-devel} - mailing list? (Only list subscribers are allowed to post.) +Are you subscribed to the +@uref{https://lists.libav.org/mailman/listinfo/libav-devel, libav-devel} +mailing list? (Only list subscribers are allowed to post.) + @item - Have you checked that the changes are minimal, so that the same cannot be - achieved with a smaller patch and/or simpler final code? +Have you checked that the changes are minimal, so that the same cannot be +achieved with a smaller patch and/or simpler final code? + @item - If the change is to speed critical code, did you benchmark it? +If the change is to speed critical code, did you benchmark it? + @item - If you did any benchmarks, did you provide them in the mail? +If you did any benchmarks, did you provide them in the mail? + @item - Have you checked that the patch does not introduce buffer overflows or - other security issues? +Have you checked that the patch does not introduce buffer overflows or +other security issues? + @item - Did you test your decoder or demuxer against damaged data? If no, see - tools/trasher, the noise bitstream filter, and - @uref{http://caca.zoy.org/wiki/zzuf, zzuf}. Your decoder or demuxer - should not crash, end in a (near) infinite loop, or allocate ridiculous - amounts of memory when fed damaged data. +Did you test your decoder or demuxer against damaged data? If no, see +tools/trasher, the noise bitstream filter, and +@uref{http://caca.zoy.org/wiki/zzuf, zzuf}. Your decoder or demuxer +should not crash, end in a (near) infinite loop, or allocate ridiculous +amounts of memory when fed damaged data. + @item - Does the patch not mix functional and cosmetic changes? +Does the patch not mix functional and cosmetic changes? + @item - Did you add tabs or trailing whitespace to the code? Both are forbidden. +Did you add tabs or trailing whitespace to the code? Both are forbidden. + @item - Is the patch attached to the email you send? +Is the patch attached to the email you send? + @item - Is the mime type of the patch correct? It should be text/x-diff or - text/x-patch or at least text/plain and not application/octet-stream. +Is the mime type of the patch correct? It should be text/x-diff or +text/x-patch or at least text/plain and not application/octet-stream. + @item - If the patch fixes a bug, did you provide a verbose analysis of the bug? +If the patch fixes a bug, did you provide a verbose analysis of the bug? + @item - If the patch fixes a bug, did you provide enough information, including - a sample, so the bug can be reproduced and the fix can be verified? - Note please do not attach samples >100k to mails but rather provide a - URL, you can upload to ftp://upload.libav.org +If the patch fixes a bug, did you provide enough information, including +a sample, so the bug can be reproduced and the fix can be verified? +Note please do not attach samples >100k to mails but rather provide a +URL, you can upload to ftp://upload.libav.org + @item - Did you provide a verbose summary about what the patch does change? +Did you provide a verbose summary about what the patch does change? + @item - Did you provide a verbose explanation why it changes things like it does? +Did you provide a verbose explanation why it changes things like it does? + @item - Did you provide a verbose summary of the user visible advantages and - disadvantages if the patch is applied? +Did you provide a verbose summary of the user visible advantages and +disadvantages if the patch is applied? + @item - Did you provide an example so we can verify the new feature added by the - patch easily? +Did you provide an example so we can verify the new feature added by the +patch easily? + @item - If you added a new file, did you insert a license header? It should be - taken from Libav, not randomly copied and pasted from somewhere else. +If you added a new file, did you insert a license header? It should be +taken from Libav, not randomly copied and pasted from somewhere else. + @item - You should maintain alphabetical order in alphabetically ordered lists as - long as doing so does not break API/ABI compatibility. +You should maintain alphabetical order in alphabetically ordered lists as +long as doing so does not break API/ABI compatibility. + @item - Lines with similar content should be aligned vertically when doing so - improves readability. +Lines with similar content should be aligned vertically when doing so +improves readability. + @item - Make sure you check the return values of function and return appropriate - error codes. Especially memory allocation functions like @code{malloc()} - are notoriously left unchecked, which is a serious problem. +Make sure you check the return values of function and return appropriate +error codes. Especially memory allocation functions like @code{malloc()} +are notoriously left unchecked, which is a serious problem. @end enumerate @section Patch review process @@ -550,6 +623,46 @@ why the expected result changed. Please refer to @url{fate.html}. +@subsection Visualizing Test Coverage + +The Libav build system allows visualizing the test coverage in an easy +manner with the coverage tools @code{gcov}/@code{lcov}. This involves +the following steps: + +@enumerate +@item + Configure to compile with instrumentation enabled: + @code{configure --toolchain=gcov}. + +@item + Run your test case, either manually or via FATE. This can be either + the full FATE regression suite, or any arbitrary invocation of any + front-end tool provided by Libav, in any combination. + +@item + Run @code{make lcov} to generate coverage data in HTML format. + +@item + View @code{lcov/index.html} in your preferred HTML viewer. +@end enumerate + +You can use the command @code{make lcov-reset} to reset the coverage +measurements. You will need to rerun @code{make lcov} after running a +new test. + +@subsection Using Valgrind + +The configure script provides a shortcut for using valgrind to spot bugs +related to memory handling. Just add the option +@code{--toolchain=valgrind-memcheck} or @code{--toolchain=valgrind-massif} +to your configure line, and reasonable defaults will be set for running +FATE under the supervision of either the @strong{memcheck} or the +@strong{massif} tool of the valgrind suite. + +In case you need finer control over how valgrind is invoked, use the +@code{--target-exec='valgrind } option in +your configure line instead. + @anchor{Release process} @section Release process @@ -563,12 +676,13 @@ There are two kinds of releases: @enumerate @item - @strong{Major releases} always include the latest and greatest - features and functionality. +@strong{Major releases} always include the latest and greatest +features and functionality. + @item - @strong{Point releases} are cut from @strong{release} branches, - which are named @code{release/X}, with @code{X} being the release - version number. +@strong{Point releases} are cut from @strong{release} branches, +which are named @code{release/X}, with @code{X} being the release +version number. @end enumerate Note that we promise to our users that shared libraries from any Libav @@ -589,15 +703,18 @@ inclusion into a point release: @enumerate @item - Fixes a security issue, preferably identified by a @strong{CVE - number} issued by @url{http://cve.mitre.org/}. +Fixes a security issue, preferably identified by a @strong{CVE +number} issued by @url{http://cve.mitre.org/}. + @item - Fixes a documented bug in @url{http://bugzilla.libav.org}. +Fixes a documented bug in @url{http://bugzilla.libav.org}. + @item - Improves the included documentation. +Improves the included documentation. + @item - Retains both source code and binary compatibility with previous - point releases of the same release branch. +Retains both source code and binary compatibility with previous +point releases of the same release branch. @end enumerate The order for checking the rules is (1 OR 2 OR 3) AND 4. @@ -614,43 +731,54 @@ The release process involves the following steps: @enumerate @item - Ensure that the @file{RELEASE} file contains the version number for - the upcoming release. +Ensure that the @file{RELEASE} file contains the version number for +the upcoming release. + @item - File a release tracking bug in @url{http://bugzilla.libav.org}. Make - sure that the bug has an alias named @code{ReleaseX.Y} for the - @code{X.Y} release. +File a release tracking bug in @url{http://bugzilla.libav.org}. Make +sure that the bug has an alias named @code{ReleaseX.Y} for the +@code{X.Y} release. + @item - Announce the intent to do a release to the mailing list. +Announce the intent to do a release to the mailing list. + @item - Reassign unresolved blocking bugs from previous release - tracking bugs to the new bug. +Reassign unresolved blocking bugs from previous release +tracking bugs to the new bug. + @item - Review patch nominations that reach the @strong{libav-stable} - mailing list, and push patches that fulfill the stable release - criteria to the release branch. +Review patch nominations that reach the @strong{libav-stable} +mailing list, and push patches that fulfill the stable release +criteria to the release branch. + @item - Ensure that the FATE regression suite still passes in the release - branch on at least @strong{i386} and @strong{amd64} - (cf. @ref{Regression Tests}). +Ensure that the FATE regression suite still passes in the release +branch on at least @strong{i386} and @strong{amd64} +(cf. @ref{Regression Tests}). + @item - Prepare the release tarballs in @code{xz} and @code{gz} formats, and - supplementing files that contain @code{md5} and @code{sha1} - checksums. +Prepare the release tarballs in @code{xz} and @code{gz} formats, and +supplementing files that contain @code{md5} and @code{sha1} +checksums. + @item - Publish the tarballs at @url{http://libav.org/releases}. Create and - push an annotated tag in the form @code{vX}, with @code{X} - containing the version number. +Publish the tarballs at @url{http://libav.org/releases}. Create and +push an annotated tag in the form @code{vX}, with @code{X} +containing the version number. + @item - Build the tarballs with the Windows binaries, and publish them at - @url{http://win32.libav.org/releases}. +Build the tarballs with the Windows binaries, and publish them at +@url{http://win32.libav.org/releases}. + @item - Propose and send a patch to the @strong{libav-devel} mailing list - with a news entry for the website. +Propose and send a patch to the @strong{libav-devel} mailing list +with a news entry for the website. + @item - Publish the news entry. +Publish the news entry. + @item - Send announcement to the mailing list. +Send announcement to the mailing list. @end enumerate @bye