]> git.sesse.net Git - nageru/blobdiff - mixer.cpp
If not using VA-API zerocopy, don't write extra copy textures.
[nageru] / mixer.cpp
index 093e63e7214d28296a17fb92d6eebf97effd9154..0c00d148144eae9583d65b8e06d32a5fe14f8c71 100644 (file)
--- a/mixer.cpp
+++ b/mixer.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@
 #include "ref_counted_gl_sync.h"
 #include "resampling_queue.h"
 #include "timebase.h"
+#include "timecode_renderer.h"
+#include "v210_converter.h"
 #include "video_encoder.h"
 
 class IDeckLink;
@@ -76,12 +78,86 @@ void insert_new_frame(RefCountedFrame frame, unsigned field_num, bool interlaced
        }
 }
 
+void ensure_texture_resolution(PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *userdata, unsigned field, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned v210_width)
+{
+       bool first;
+       if (global_flags.ten_bit_input) {
+               first = userdata->tex_v210[field] == 0 || userdata->tex_444[field] == 0;
+       } else {
+               first = userdata->tex_y[field] == 0 || userdata->tex_cbcr[field] == 0;
+       }
+
+       if (first ||
+           width != userdata->last_width[field] ||
+           height != userdata->last_height[field]) {
+               // We changed resolution since last use of this texture, so we need to create
+               // a new object. Note that this each card has its own PBOFrameAllocator,
+               // we don't need to worry about these flip-flopping between resolutions.
+               if (global_flags.ten_bit_input) {
+                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_444[field]);
+                       check_error();
+                       glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB10_A2, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, nullptr);
+                       check_error();
+               } else {
+                       size_t cbcr_width = width / 2;
+
+                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_cbcr[field]);
+                       check_error();
+                       glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RG8, cbcr_width, height, 0, GL_RG, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
+                       check_error();
+                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_y[field]);
+                       check_error();
+                       glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_R8, width, height, 0, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
+                       check_error();
+               }
+               userdata->last_width[field] = width;
+               userdata->last_height[field] = height;
+       }
+       if (global_flags.ten_bit_input &&
+           (first || v210_width != userdata->last_v210_width[field])) {
+               // Same as above; we need to recreate the texture.
+               glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_v210[field]);
+               check_error();
+               glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB10_A2, v210_width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, nullptr);
+               check_error();
+               userdata->last_v210_width[field] = v210_width;
+       }
+}
+
+void upload_texture(GLuint tex, GLuint width, GLuint height, GLuint stride, bool interlaced_stride, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLintptr offset)
+{
+       if (interlaced_stride) {
+               stride *= 2;
+       }
+       if (global_flags.flush_pbos) {
+               glFlushMappedBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, offset, stride * height);
+               check_error();
+       }
+
+       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+       check_error();
+       if (interlaced_stride) {
+               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, width * 2);
+               check_error();
+       } else {
+               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+               check_error();
+       }
+
+       glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, width, height, format, type, BUFFER_OFFSET(offset));
+       check_error();
+       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+       check_error();
+       glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+       check_error();
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 void QueueLengthPolicy::update_policy(unsigned queue_length)
 {
        if (queue_length == 0) {  // Starvation.
-               if (been_at_safe_point_since_last_starvation && safe_queue_length < 6) {
+               if (been_at_safe_point_since_last_starvation && safe_queue_length < unsigned(global_flags.max_input_queue_frames)) {
                        ++safe_queue_length;
                        fprintf(stderr, "Card %u: Starvation, increasing safe limit to %u frame(s)\n",
                                card_index, safe_queue_length);
@@ -90,17 +166,13 @@ void QueueLengthPolicy::update_policy(unsigned queue_length)
                been_at_safe_point_since_last_starvation = false;
                return;
        }
-       if (queue_length >= 1) {
-               if (queue_length >= safe_queue_length) {
-                       been_at_safe_point_since_last_starvation = true;
-               }
-               if (++frames_with_at_least_one >= 1000 && safe_queue_length > 1) {
-                       --safe_queue_length;
-                       fprintf(stderr, "Card %u: Spare frames for more than 1000 frames, reducing safe limit to %u frame(s)\n",
-                               card_index, safe_queue_length);
-                       frames_with_at_least_one = 0;
-               }
-       } else {
+       if (queue_length >= safe_queue_length) {
+               been_at_safe_point_since_last_starvation = true;
+       }
+       if (++frames_with_at_least_one >= 1000 && safe_queue_length > 1) {
+               --safe_queue_length;
+               fprintf(stderr, "Card %u: Spare frames for more than 1000 frames, reducing safe limit to %u frame(s)\n",
+                       card_index, safe_queue_length);
                frames_with_at_least_one = 0;
        }
 }
@@ -121,7 +193,6 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        movit_texel_subpixel_precision /= 2.0;
 
        resource_pool.reset(new ResourcePool);
-       theme.reset(new Theme(global_flags.theme_filename, global_flags.theme_dirs, resource_pool.get(), num_cards));
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_OUTPUTS; ++i) {
                output_channel[i].parent = this;
                output_channel[i].channel = i;
@@ -131,10 +202,27 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        inout_format.color_space = COLORSPACE_sRGB;
        inout_format.gamma_curve = GAMMA_sRGB;
 
-       // Display chain; shows the live output produced by the main chain (its RGBA version).
+       // Matches the 4:2:0 format created by the main chain.
+       YCbCrFormat ycbcr_format;
+       ycbcr_format.chroma_subsampling_x = 2;
+       ycbcr_format.chroma_subsampling_y = 2;
+       if (global_flags.ycbcr_rec709_coefficients) {
+               ycbcr_format.luma_coefficients = YCBCR_REC_709;
+       } else {
+               ycbcr_format.luma_coefficients = YCBCR_REC_601;
+       }
+       ycbcr_format.full_range = false;
+       ycbcr_format.num_levels = 1 << global_flags.x264_bit_depth;
+       ycbcr_format.cb_x_position = 0.0f;
+       ycbcr_format.cr_x_position = 0.0f;
+       ycbcr_format.cb_y_position = 0.5f;
+       ycbcr_format.cr_y_position = 0.5f;
+
+       // Display chain; shows the live output produced by the main chain (or rather, a copy of it).
        display_chain.reset(new EffectChain(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, resource_pool.get()));
        check_error();
-       display_input = new FlatInput(inout_format, FORMAT_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);  // FIXME: GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE is really wrong.
+       GLenum type = global_flags.x264_bit_depth > 8 ? GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT : GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
+       display_input = new YCbCrInput(inout_format, ycbcr_format, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, YCBCR_INPUT_SPLIT_Y_AND_CBCR, type);
        display_chain->add_input(display_input);
        display_chain->add_output(inout_format, OUTPUT_ALPHA_FORMAT_POSTMULTIPLIED);
        display_chain->set_dither_bits(0);  // Don't bother.
@@ -142,6 +230,9 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
 
        video_encoder.reset(new VideoEncoder(resource_pool.get(), h264_encoder_surface, global_flags.va_display, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, &httpd, global_disk_space_estimator));
 
+       // Must be instantiated after VideoEncoder has initialized global_flags.use_zerocopy.
+       theme.reset(new Theme(global_flags.theme_filename, global_flags.theme_dirs, resource_pool.get(), num_cards));
+
        // Start listening for clients only once VideoEncoder has written its header, if any.
        httpd.start(9095);
 
@@ -199,6 +290,35 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
 
        chroma_subsampler.reset(new ChromaSubsampler(resource_pool.get()));
 
+       if (global_flags.ten_bit_input) {
+               if (!v210Converter::has_hardware_support()) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: --ten-bit-input requires support for OpenGL compute shaders\n");
+                       fprintf(stderr, "       (OpenGL 4.3, or GL_ARB_compute_shader + GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store).\n");
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+               v210_converter.reset(new v210Converter());
+
+               // These are all the widths listed in the Blackmagic SDK documentation
+               // (section 2.7.3, “Display Modes”).
+               v210_converter->precompile_shader(720);
+               v210_converter->precompile_shader(1280);
+               v210_converter->precompile_shader(1920);
+               v210_converter->precompile_shader(2048);
+               v210_converter->precompile_shader(3840);
+               v210_converter->precompile_shader(4096);
+       }
+       if (global_flags.ten_bit_output) {
+               if (!v210Converter::has_hardware_support()) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: --ten-bit-output requires support for OpenGL compute shaders\n");
+                       fprintf(stderr, "       (OpenGL 4.3, or GL_ARB_compute_shader + GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store).\n");
+                       exit(1);
+               }
+       }
+
+       timecode_renderer.reset(new TimecodeRenderer(resource_pool.get(), global_flags.width, global_flags.height));
+       display_timecode_in_stream = global_flags.display_timecode_in_stream;
+       display_timecode_on_stdout = global_flags.display_timecode_on_stdout;
+
        if (global_flags.enable_alsa_output) {
                alsa.reset(new ALSAOutput(OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, /*num_channels=*/2));
        }
@@ -251,6 +371,7 @@ void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, bool
        }
        while (!card->new_frames.empty()) card->new_frames.pop_front();
        card->last_timecode = -1;
+       card->capture->set_pixel_format(global_flags.ten_bit_input ? PixelFormat_10BitYCbCr : PixelFormat_8BitYCbCr);
        card->capture->configure_card();
 
        // NOTE: start_bm_capture() happens in thread_func().
@@ -393,7 +514,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
 
        card->last_timecode = timecode;
 
-       size_t expected_length = video_format.width * (video_format.height + video_format.extra_lines_top + video_format.extra_lines_bottom) * 2;
+       size_t expected_length = video_format.stride * (video_format.height + video_format.extra_lines_top + video_format.extra_lines_bottom);
        if (video_frame.len - video_offset == 0 ||
            video_frame.len - video_offset != expected_length) {
                if (video_frame.len != 0) {
@@ -413,6 +534,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                        new_frame.length = frame_length;
                        new_frame.interlaced = false;
                        new_frame.dropped_frames = dropped_frames;
+                       new_frame.received_timestamp = video_frame.received_timestamp;
                        card->new_frames.push_back(move(new_frame));
                        card->new_frames_changed.notify_all();
                }
@@ -445,9 +567,9 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
        RefCountedFrame frame(video_frame);
 
        // Upload the textures.
-       size_t cbcr_width = video_format.width / 2;
-       size_t cbcr_offset = video_offset / 2;
-       size_t y_offset = video_frame.size / 2 + video_offset / 2;
+       const size_t cbcr_width = video_format.width / 2;
+       const size_t cbcr_offset = video_offset / 2;
+       const size_t y_offset = video_frame.size / 2 + video_offset / 2;
 
        for (unsigned field = 0; field < num_fields; ++field) {
                // Put the actual texture upload in a lambda that is executed in the main thread.
@@ -458,7 +580,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                // Note that this means we must hold on to the actual frame data in <userdata>
                // until the upload command is run, but we hold on to <frame> much longer than that
                // (in fact, all the way until we no longer use the texture in rendering).
-               auto upload_func = [field, video_format, y_offset, cbcr_offset, cbcr_width, interlaced_stride, userdata]() {
+               auto upload_func = [this, field, video_format, y_offset, video_offset, cbcr_offset, cbcr_width, interlaced_stride, userdata]() {
                        unsigned field_start_line;
                        if (field == 1) {
                                field_start_line = video_format.second_field_start;
@@ -466,68 +588,28 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                                field_start_line = video_format.extra_lines_top;
                        }
 
-                       if (userdata->tex_y[field] == 0 ||
-                           userdata->tex_cbcr[field] == 0 ||
-                           video_format.width != userdata->last_width[field] ||
-                           video_format.height != userdata->last_height[field]) {
-                               // We changed resolution since last use of this texture, so we need to create
-                               // a new object. Note that this each card has its own PBOFrameAllocator,
-                               // we don't need to worry about these flip-flopping between resolutions.
-                               glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_cbcr[field]);
-                               check_error();
-                               glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RG8, cbcr_width, video_format.height, 0, GL_RG, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
-                               check_error();
-                               glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_y[field]);
-                               check_error();
-                               glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_R8, video_format.width, video_format.height, 0, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
-                               check_error();
-                               userdata->last_width[field] = video_format.width;
-                               userdata->last_height[field] = video_format.height;
-                       }
+                       // For 8-bit input, v210_width will be nonsensical but not used.
+                       size_t v210_width = video_format.stride / sizeof(uint32_t);
+                       ensure_texture_resolution(userdata, field, video_format.width, video_format.height, v210_width);
 
-                       GLuint pbo = userdata->pbo;
-                       check_error();
-                       glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, pbo);
+                       glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, userdata->pbo);
                        check_error();
 
-                       size_t field_y_start = y_offset + video_format.width * field_start_line;
-                       size_t field_cbcr_start = cbcr_offset + cbcr_width * field_start_line * sizeof(uint16_t);
+                       if (global_flags.ten_bit_input) {
+                               size_t field_start = video_offset + video_format.stride * field_start_line;
+                               upload_texture(userdata->tex_v210[field], v210_width, video_format.height, video_format.stride, interlaced_stride, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_2_10_10_10_REV, field_start);
+                               v210_converter->convert(userdata->tex_v210[field], userdata->tex_444[field], video_format.width, video_format.height);
+                       } else {
+                               size_t field_y_start = y_offset + video_format.width * field_start_line;
+                               size_t field_cbcr_start = cbcr_offset + cbcr_width * field_start_line * sizeof(uint16_t);
 
-                       if (global_flags.flush_pbos) {
-                               glFlushMappedBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, field_y_start, video_format.width * video_format.height);
-                               check_error();
-                               glFlushMappedBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, field_cbcr_start, cbcr_width * video_format.height * sizeof(uint16_t));
-                               check_error();
+                               // Make up our own strides, since we are interleaving.
+                               upload_texture(userdata->tex_y[field], video_format.width, video_format.height, video_format.width, interlaced_stride, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, field_y_start);
+                               upload_texture(userdata->tex_cbcr[field], cbcr_width, video_format.height, cbcr_width * sizeof(uint16_t), interlaced_stride, GL_RG, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, field_cbcr_start);
                        }
 
-                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_cbcr[field]);
-                       check_error();
-                       if (interlaced_stride) {
-                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, cbcr_width * 2);
-                               check_error();
-                       } else {
-                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
-                               check_error();
-                       }
-                       glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, cbcr_width, video_format.height, GL_RG, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, BUFFER_OFFSET(field_cbcr_start));
-                       check_error();
-                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_y[field]);
-                       check_error();
-                       if (interlaced_stride) {
-                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, video_format.width * 2);
-                               check_error();
-                       } else {
-                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
-                               check_error();
-                       }
-                       glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, video_format.width, video_format.height, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, BUFFER_OFFSET(field_y_start));
-                       check_error();
-                       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
-                       check_error();
                        glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0);
                        check_error();
-                       glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
-                       check_error();
                };
 
                if (field == 1) {
@@ -591,7 +673,6 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
        steady_clock::time_point start, now;
        start = steady_clock::now();
 
-       int frame = 0;
        int stats_dropped_frames = 0;
 
        while (!should_quit) {
@@ -665,15 +746,15 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
 
                int64_t frame_duration = output_frame_info.frame_duration;
                render_one_frame(frame_duration);
-               ++frame;
+               ++frame_num;
                pts_int += frame_duration;
 
                now = steady_clock::now();
                double elapsed = duration<double>(now - start).count();
-               if (frame % 100 == 0) {
+               if (frame_num % 100 == 0) {
                        printf("%d frames (%d dropped) in %.3f seconds = %.1f fps (%.1f ms/frame)",
-                               frame, stats_dropped_frames, elapsed, frame / elapsed,
-                               1e3 * elapsed / frame);
+                               frame_num, stats_dropped_frames, elapsed, frame_num / elapsed,
+                               1e3 * elapsed / frame_num);
                //      chain->print_phase_timing();
 
                        // Check our memory usage, to see if we are close to our mlockall()
@@ -710,7 +791,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
 
 
                if (should_cut.exchange(false)) {  // Test and clear.
-                       video_encoder->do_cut(frame);
+                       video_encoder->do_cut(frame_num);
                }
 
 #if 0
@@ -929,50 +1010,122 @@ void Mixer::schedule_audio_resampling_tasks(unsigned dropped_frames, int num_sam
 
 void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
 {
+       // Determine the time code for this frame before we start rendering.
+       string timecode_text = timecode_renderer->get_timecode_text(double(pts_int) / TIMEBASE, frame_num);
+       if (display_timecode_on_stdout) {
+               printf("Timecode: '%s'\n", timecode_text.c_str());
+       }
+
        // Get the main chain from the theme, and set its state immediately.
        Theme::Chain theme_main_chain = theme->get_chain(0, pts(), global_flags.width, global_flags.height, input_state);
        EffectChain *chain = theme_main_chain.chain;
        theme_main_chain.setup_chain();
        //theme_main_chain.chain->enable_phase_timing(true);
 
-       GLuint y_tex, cbcr_tex;
-       bool got_frame = video_encoder->begin_frame(&y_tex, &cbcr_tex);
+       // If HDMI/SDI output is active and the user has requested auto mode,
+       // its mode overrides the existing Y'CbCr setting for the chain.
+       YCbCrLumaCoefficients ycbcr_output_coefficients;
+       if (global_flags.ycbcr_auto_coefficients && output_card_index != -1) {
+               ycbcr_output_coefficients = cards[output_card_index].output->preferred_ycbcr_coefficients();
+       } else {
+               ycbcr_output_coefficients = global_flags.ycbcr_rec709_coefficients ? YCBCR_REC_709 : YCBCR_REC_601;
+       }
+
+       // TODO: Reduce the duplication against theme.cpp.
+       YCbCrFormat output_ycbcr_format;
+       output_ycbcr_format.chroma_subsampling_x = 1;
+       output_ycbcr_format.chroma_subsampling_y = 1;
+       output_ycbcr_format.luma_coefficients = ycbcr_output_coefficients;
+       output_ycbcr_format.full_range = false;
+       output_ycbcr_format.num_levels = 1 << global_flags.x264_bit_depth;
+       chain->change_ycbcr_output_format(output_ycbcr_format);
+
+       // Render main chain. If we're using zerocopy Quick Sync encoding
+       // (the default case), we take an extra copy of the created outputs,
+       // so that we can display it back to the screen later (it's less memory
+       // bandwidth than writing and reading back an RGBA texture, even at 16-bit).
+       // Ideally, we'd like to avoid taking copies and just use the main textures
+       // for display as well, but they're just views into VA-API memory and must be
+       // unmapped during encoding, so we can't use them for display, unfortunately.
+       GLuint y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, cbcr_tex;
+       GLuint y_copy_tex, cbcr_copy_tex = 0;
+       GLuint y_display_tex, cbcr_display_tex;
+       GLenum y_type = (global_flags.x264_bit_depth > 8) ? GL_R16 : GL_R8;
+       GLenum cbcr_type = (global_flags.x264_bit_depth > 8) ? GL_RG16 : GL_RG8;
+       const bool is_zerocopy = video_encoder->is_zerocopy();
+       if (is_zerocopy) {
+               cbcr_full_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(cbcr_type, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
+               y_copy_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(y_type, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
+               cbcr_copy_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(cbcr_type, global_flags.width / 2, global_flags.height / 2);
+
+               y_display_tex = y_copy_tex;
+               cbcr_display_tex = cbcr_copy_tex;
+
+               // y_tex and cbcr_tex will be given by VideoEncoder.
+       } else {
+               cbcr_full_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(cbcr_type, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
+               y_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(y_type, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
+               cbcr_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(cbcr_type, global_flags.width / 2, global_flags.height / 2);
+
+               y_display_tex = y_tex;
+               cbcr_display_tex = cbcr_tex;
+       }
+
+       const int64_t av_delay = lrint(global_flags.audio_queue_length_ms * 0.001 * TIMEBASE);  // Corresponds to the delay in ResamplingQueue.
+       bool got_frame = video_encoder->begin_frame(pts_int + av_delay, duration, ycbcr_output_coefficients, theme_main_chain.input_frames, &y_tex, &cbcr_tex);
        assert(got_frame);
 
-       // Render main chain.
-       GLuint cbcr_full_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RG8, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
-       GLuint rgba_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RGB565, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);  // Saves texture bandwidth, although dithering gets messed up.
-       GLuint fbo = resource_pool->create_fbo(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, rgba_tex);
+       GLuint fbo;
+       if (is_zerocopy) {
+               fbo = resource_pool->create_fbo(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, y_copy_tex);
+       } else {
+               fbo = resource_pool->create_fbo(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex);
+       }
        check_error();
        chain->render_to_fbo(fbo, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
+
+       if (display_timecode_in_stream) {
+               // Render the timecode on top.
+               timecode_renderer->render_timecode(fbo, timecode_text);
+       }
+
        resource_pool->release_fbo(fbo);
 
-       chroma_subsampler->subsample_chroma(cbcr_full_tex, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, cbcr_tex);
+       if (is_zerocopy) {
+               chroma_subsampler->subsample_chroma(cbcr_full_tex, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, cbcr_tex, cbcr_copy_tex);
+       } else {
+               chroma_subsampler->subsample_chroma(cbcr_full_tex, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, cbcr_tex);
+       }
        if (output_card_index != -1) {
-               cards[output_card_index].output->send_frame(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, theme_main_chain.input_frames, pts_int, duration);
+               cards[output_card_index].output->send_frame(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, ycbcr_output_coefficients, theme_main_chain.input_frames, pts_int, duration);
        }
        resource_pool->release_2d_texture(cbcr_full_tex);
 
-       // Set the right state for rgba_tex.
+       // Set the right state for the Y' and CbCr textures we use for display.
        glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
-       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, rgba_tex);
+       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, y_display_tex);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
 
-       const int64_t av_delay = lrint(global_flags.audio_queue_length_ms * 0.001 * TIMEBASE);  // Corresponds to the delay in ResamplingQueue.
-       RefCountedGLsync fence = video_encoder->end_frame(pts_int + av_delay, duration, theme_main_chain.input_frames);
+       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, cbcr_display_tex);
+       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+
+       RefCountedGLsync fence = video_encoder->end_frame();
 
-       // The live frame just shows the RGBA texture we just rendered.
-       // It owns rgba_tex now.
+       // The live frame pieces the Y'CbCr texture copies back into RGB and displays them.
+       // It owns y_display_tex and cbcr_display_tex now (whichever textures they are).
        DisplayFrame live_frame;
        live_frame.chain = display_chain.get();
-       live_frame.setup_chain = [this, rgba_tex]{
-               display_input->set_texture_num(rgba_tex);
+       live_frame.setup_chain = [this, y_display_tex, cbcr_display_tex]{
+               display_input->set_texture_num(0, y_display_tex);
+               display_input->set_texture_num(1, cbcr_display_tex);
        };
        live_frame.ready_fence = fence;
        live_frame.input_frames = {};
-       live_frame.temp_textures = { rgba_tex };
+       live_frame.temp_textures = { y_display_tex, cbcr_display_tex };
        output_channel[OUTPUT_LIVE].output_frame(live_frame);
 
        // Set up preview and any additional channels.