]> git.sesse.net Git - nageru/blobdiff - mixer.cpp
Add support for DeckLink HDMI/SDI output.
[nageru] / mixer.cpp
index 9d418c9942622d17ba8a71fe5544bdbd61e6cb6a..d55363fa1d367d12aba0cbfd564d327a9c2bfa51 100644 (file)
--- a/mixer.cpp
+++ b/mixer.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include "mixer.h"
 
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <endian.h>
 #include <epoxy/egl.h>
 #include <movit/effect_chain.h>
 #include <movit/effect_util.h>
 #include <movit/image_format.h>
 #include <movit/init.h>
 #include <movit/resource_pool.h>
-#include <movit/util.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <chrono>
-#include <cmath>
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
+#include <ratio>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
 
+#include "DeckLinkAPI.h"
+#include "LinuxCOM.h"
+#include "alsa_output.h"
 #include "bmusb/bmusb.h"
 #include "bmusb/fake_capture.h"
+#include "chroma_subsampler.h"
 #include "context.h"
 #include "decklink_capture.h"
+#include "decklink_output.h"
 #include "defs.h"
 #include "disk_space_estimator.h"
 #include "flags.h"
-#include "video_encoder.h"
+#include "input_mapping.h"
 #include "pbo_frame_allocator.h"
 #include "ref_counted_gl_sync.h"
+#include "resampling_queue.h"
 #include "timebase.h"
+#include "video_encoder.h"
 
+class IDeckLink;
 class QOpenGLContext;
 
 using namespace movit;
@@ -106,8 +109,8 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
          num_cards(num_cards),
          mixer_surface(create_surface(format)),
          h264_encoder_surface(create_surface(format)),
-         audio_mixer(num_cards),
-         correlation(OUTPUT_FREQUENCY)
+         decklink_output_surface(create_surface(format)),
+         audio_mixer(num_cards)
 {
        CHECK(init_movit(MOVIT_SHADER_DIR, MOVIT_DEBUG_OFF));
        check_error();
@@ -128,15 +131,15 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        inout_format.gamma_curve = GAMMA_sRGB;
 
        // Display chain; shows the live output produced by the main chain (its RGBA version).
-       display_chain.reset(new EffectChain(WIDTH, HEIGHT, resource_pool.get()));
+       display_chain.reset(new EffectChain(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, resource_pool.get()));
        check_error();
-       display_input = new FlatInput(inout_format, FORMAT_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, WIDTH, HEIGHT);  // FIXME: GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE is really wrong.
+       display_input = new FlatInput(inout_format, FORMAT_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);  // FIXME: GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE is really wrong.
        display_chain->add_input(display_input);
        display_chain->add_output(inout_format, OUTPUT_ALPHA_FORMAT_POSTMULTIPLIED);
        display_chain->set_dither_bits(0);  // Don't bother.
        display_chain->finalize();
 
-       video_encoder.reset(new VideoEncoder(resource_pool.get(), h264_encoder_surface, global_flags.va_display, WIDTH, HEIGHT, &httpd, global_disk_space_estimator));
+       video_encoder.reset(new VideoEncoder(resource_pool.get(), h264_encoder_surface, global_flags.va_display, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, &httpd, global_disk_space_estimator));
 
        // Start listening for clients only once VideoEncoder has written its header, if any.
        httpd.start(9095);
@@ -155,7 +158,10 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
                                        break;
                                }
 
-                               configure_card(card_index, new DeckLinkCapture(decklink, card_index), /*is_fake_capture=*/false);
+                               DeckLinkCapture *capture = new DeckLinkCapture(decklink, card_index);
+                               DeckLinkOutput *output = new DeckLinkOutput(resource_pool.get(), decklink_output_surface, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, card_index);
+                               output->set_device(decklink);
+                               configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/false, output);
                                ++num_pci_devices;
                        }
                        decklink_iterator->Release();
@@ -164,18 +170,19 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
                        fprintf(stderr, "DeckLink drivers not found. Probing for USB cards only.\n");
                }
        }
+
        unsigned num_usb_devices = BMUSBCapture::num_cards();
        for (unsigned usb_card_index = 0; usb_card_index < num_usb_devices && card_index < num_cards; ++usb_card_index, ++card_index) {
                BMUSBCapture *capture = new BMUSBCapture(usb_card_index);
                capture->set_card_disconnected_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_hotplug_remove, this, card_index));
-               configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/false);
+               configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/false, /*output=*/nullptr);
        }
        fprintf(stderr, "Found %u USB card(s).\n", num_usb_devices);
 
        unsigned num_fake_cards = 0;
        for ( ; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index, ++num_fake_cards) {
-               FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(WIDTH, HEIGHT, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
-               configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/true);
+               FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
+               configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/true, /*output=*/nullptr);
        }
 
        if (num_fake_cards > 0) {
@@ -185,75 +192,27 @@ Mixer::Mixer(const QSurfaceFormat &format, unsigned num_cards)
        BMUSBCapture::set_card_connected_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_hotplug_add, this, _1));
        BMUSBCapture::start_bm_thread();
 
-       for (card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
                cards[card_index].queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
-               cards[card_index].capture->start_bm_capture();
        }
 
-       // Set up stuff for NV12 conversion.
-
-       // Cb/Cr shader.
-       string cbcr_vert_shader =
-               "#version 130 \n"
-               " \n"
-               "in vec2 position; \n"
-               "in vec2 texcoord; \n"
-               "out vec2 tc0; \n"
-               "uniform vec2 foo_chroma_offset_0; \n"
-               " \n"
-               "void main() \n"
-               "{ \n"
-               "    // The result of glOrtho(0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0) is: \n"
-               "    // \n"
-               "    //   2.000  0.000  0.000 -1.000 \n"
-               "    //   0.000  2.000  0.000 -1.000 \n"
-               "    //   0.000  0.000 -2.000 -1.000 \n"
-               "    //   0.000  0.000  0.000  1.000 \n"
-               "    gl_Position = vec4(2.0 * position.x - 1.0, 2.0 * position.y - 1.0, -1.0, 1.0); \n"
-               "    vec2 flipped_tc = texcoord; \n"
-               "    tc0 = flipped_tc + foo_chroma_offset_0; \n"
-               "} \n";
-       string cbcr_frag_shader =
-               "#version 130 \n"
-               "in vec2 tc0; \n"
-               "uniform sampler2D cbcr_tex; \n"
-               "out vec4 FragColor; \n"
-               "void main() { \n"
-               "    FragColor = texture(cbcr_tex, tc0); \n"
-               "} \n";
-       vector<string> frag_shader_outputs;
-       cbcr_program_num = resource_pool->compile_glsl_program(cbcr_vert_shader, cbcr_frag_shader, frag_shader_outputs);
-
-       float vertices[] = {
-               0.0f, 2.0f,
-               0.0f, 0.0f,
-               2.0f, 0.0f
-       };
-       cbcr_vbo = generate_vbo(2, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(vertices), vertices);
-       cbcr_position_attribute_index = glGetAttribLocation(cbcr_program_num, "position");
-       cbcr_texcoord_attribute_index = glGetAttribLocation(cbcr_program_num, "texcoord");
-
-       r128.init(2, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY);
-       r128.integr_start();
-
-       // hlen=16 is pretty low quality, but we use quite a bit of CPU otherwise,
-       // and there's a limit to how important the peak meter is.
-       peak_resampler.setup(OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY * 4, /*num_channels=*/2, /*hlen=*/16, /*frel=*/1.0);
+       chroma_subsampler.reset(new ChromaSubsampler(resource_pool.get()));
 
        if (global_flags.enable_alsa_output) {
                alsa.reset(new ALSAOutput(OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, /*num_channels=*/2));
        }
+       if (global_flags.output_card != -1) {
+               set_output_card(global_flags.output_card);
+       }
 }
 
 Mixer::~Mixer()
 {
-       resource_pool->release_glsl_program(cbcr_program_num);
-       glDeleteBuffers(1, &cbcr_vbo);
        BMUSBCapture::stop_bm_thread();
 
        for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
                {
-                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(bmusb_mutex);
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(card_mutex);
                        cards[card_index].should_quit = true;  // Unblock thread.
                        cards[card_index].new_frames_changed.notify_all();
                }
@@ -263,7 +222,7 @@ Mixer::~Mixer()
        video_encoder.reset(nullptr);
 }
 
-void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, bool is_fake_capture)
+void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, bool is_fake_capture, DeckLinkOutput *output)
 {
        printf("Configuring card %d...\n", card_index);
 
@@ -274,21 +233,57 @@ void Mixer::configure_card(unsigned card_index, CaptureInterface *capture, bool
        }
        card->capture = capture;
        card->is_fake_capture = is_fake_capture;
+       card->output = output;
        card->capture->set_frame_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_frame, this, card_index, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7));
        if (card->frame_allocator == nullptr) {
-               card->frame_allocator.reset(new PBOFrameAllocator(8 << 20, WIDTH, HEIGHT));  // 8 MB.
+               card->frame_allocator.reset(new PBOFrameAllocator(8 << 20, global_flags.width, global_flags.height));  // 8 MB.
        }
        card->capture->set_video_frame_allocator(card->frame_allocator.get());
        if (card->surface == nullptr) {
                card->surface = create_surface_with_same_format(mixer_surface);
        }
-       audio_mixer.reset_card(card_index);
        while (!card->new_frames.empty()) card->new_frames.pop();
-       card->fractional_samples = 0;
        card->last_timecode = -1;
        card->capture->configure_card();
+
+       // NOTE: start_bm_capture() happens in thread_func().
+
+       DeviceSpec device{InputSourceType::CAPTURE_CARD, card_index};
+       audio_mixer.reset_resampler(device);
+       audio_mixer.set_display_name(device, card->capture->get_description());
+       audio_mixer.trigger_state_changed_callback();
 }
 
+void Mixer::set_output_card(int card_index)
+{
+       if (card_index == output_card_index) {
+               return;
+       }
+       unique_lock<mutex> lock(card_mutex);
+       if (output_card_index != -1) {
+               // Switch the old card from output to input.
+               CaptureCard *old_card = &cards[output_card_index];
+               old_card->output->end_output();
+
+               old_card->capture->stop_dequeue_thread();
+               delete old_card->capture;
+
+               old_card->capture = old_card->parked_capture;
+               old_card->is_fake_capture = false;
+               old_card->parked_capture = nullptr;
+               old_card->capture->start_bm_capture();
+       }
+
+       CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
+       card->capture->stop_dequeue_thread();
+       card->parked_capture = card->capture;
+       FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
+       configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/true, card->output);
+       card->queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
+       card->capture->start_bm_capture();
+       card->output->start_output(bmdModeHD720p5994, pts_int);  // FIXME
+       output_card_index = card_index;
+}
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -302,36 +297,13 @@ int unwrap_timecode(uint16_t current_wrapped, int last)
        }
 }
 
-float find_peak(const float *samples, size_t num_samples)
-{
-       float m = fabs(samples[0]);
-       for (size_t i = 1; i < num_samples; ++i) {
-               m = max(m, fabs(samples[i]));
-       }
-       return m;
-}
-
-void deinterleave_samples(const vector<float> &in, vector<float> *out_l, vector<float> *out_r)
-{
-       size_t num_samples = in.size() / 2;
-       out_l->resize(num_samples);
-       out_r->resize(num_samples);
-
-       const float *inptr = in.data();
-       float *lptr = &(*out_l)[0];
-       float *rptr = &(*out_r)[0];
-       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_samples; ++i) {
-               *lptr++ = *inptr++;
-               *rptr++ = *inptr++;
-       }
-}
-
 }  // namespace
 
 void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                      FrameAllocator::Frame video_frame, size_t video_offset, VideoFormat video_format,
                     FrameAllocator::Frame audio_frame, size_t audio_offset, AudioFormat audio_format)
 {
+       DeviceSpec device{InputSourceType::CAPTURE_CARD, card_index};
        CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
 
        if (is_mode_scanning[card_index]) {
@@ -339,7 +311,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                        // Found a stable signal, so stop scanning.
                        is_mode_scanning[card_index] = false;
                } else {
-                       static constexpr double switch_time_s = 0.5;  // Should be enough time for the signal to stabilize.
+                       static constexpr double switch_time_s = 0.1;  // Should be enough time for the signal to stabilize.
                        steady_clock::time_point now = steady_clock::now();
                        double sec_since_last_switch = duration<double>(steady_clock::now() - last_mode_scan_change[card_index]).count();
                        if (sec_since_last_switch > switch_time_s) {
@@ -381,17 +353,20 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
        if (dropped_frames > MAX_FPS * 2) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Card %d lost more than two seconds (or time code jumping around; from 0x%04x to 0x%04x), resetting resampler\n",
                        card_index, card->last_timecode, timecode);
-               audio_mixer.reset_card(card_index);
+               audio_mixer.reset_resampler(device);
                dropped_frames = 0;
        } else if (dropped_frames > 0) {
                // Insert silence as needed.
                fprintf(stderr, "Card %d dropped %d frame(s) (before timecode 0x%04x), inserting silence.\n",
                        card_index, dropped_frames, timecode);
 
-               audio_mixer.add_silence(card_index, silence_samples, dropped_frames, frame_length);
+               bool success;
+               do {
+                       success = audio_mixer.add_silence(device, silence_samples, dropped_frames, frame_length);
+               } while (!success);
        }
 
-       audio_mixer.add_audio(card_index, audio_frame.data + audio_offset, num_samples, audio_format, frame_length);
+       audio_mixer.add_audio(device, audio_frame.data + audio_offset, num_samples, audio_format, frame_length);
 
        // Done with the audio, so release it.
        if (audio_frame.owner) {
@@ -414,7 +389,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                // Still send on the information that we _had_ a frame, even though it's corrupted,
                // so that pts can go up accordingly.
                {
-                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(bmusb_mutex);
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(card_mutex);
                        CaptureCard::NewFrame new_frame;
                        new_frame.frame = RefCountedFrame(FrameAllocator::Frame());
                        new_frame.length = frame_length;
@@ -430,6 +405,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
 
        unsigned num_fields = video_format.interlaced ? 2 : 1;
        steady_clock::time_point frame_upload_start;
+       bool interlaced_stride = false;
        if (video_format.interlaced) {
                // Send the two fields along as separate frames; the other side will need to add
                // a deinterlacer to actually get this right.
@@ -438,6 +414,9 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                assert(frame_length % 2 == 0);
                frame_length /= 2;
                num_fields = 2;
+               if (video_format.second_field_start == 1) {
+                       interlaced_stride = true;
+               }
                frame_upload_start = steady_clock::now();
        }
        userdata->last_interlaced = video_format.interlaced;
@@ -461,8 +440,13 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                // Note that this means we must hold on to the actual frame data in <userdata>
                // until the upload command is run, but we hold on to <frame> much longer than that
                // (in fact, all the way until we no longer use the texture in rendering).
-               auto upload_func = [field, video_format, y_offset, cbcr_offset, cbcr_width, userdata]() {
-                       unsigned field_start_line = (field == 1) ? video_format.second_field_start : video_format.extra_lines_top + field * (video_format.height + 22);
+               auto upload_func = [field, video_format, y_offset, cbcr_offset, cbcr_width, interlaced_stride, userdata]() {
+                       unsigned field_start_line;
+                       if (field == 1) {
+                               field_start_line = video_format.second_field_start;
+                       } else {
+                               field_start_line = video_format.extra_lines_top;
+                       }
 
                        if (userdata->tex_y[field] == 0 ||
                            userdata->tex_cbcr[field] == 0 ||
@@ -500,16 +484,32 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
 
                        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_cbcr[field]);
                        check_error();
+                       if (interlaced_stride) {
+                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, cbcr_width * 2);
+                               check_error();
+                       } else {
+                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+                               check_error();
+                       }
                        glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, cbcr_width, video_format.height, GL_RG, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, BUFFER_OFFSET(field_cbcr_start));
                        check_error();
                        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, userdata->tex_y[field]);
                        check_error();
+                       if (interlaced_stride) {
+                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, video_format.width * 2);
+                               check_error();
+                       } else {
+                               glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+                               check_error();
+                       }
                        glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, video_format.width, video_format.height, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, BUFFER_OFFSET(field_y_start));
                        check_error();
                        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
                        check_error();
                        glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0);
                        check_error();
+                       glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
+                       check_error();
                };
 
                if (field == 1) {
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                }
 
                {
-                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(bmusb_mutex);
+                       unique_lock<mutex> lock(card_mutex);
                        CaptureCard::NewFrame new_frame;
                        new_frame.frame = frame;
                        new_frame.length = frame_length;
@@ -533,6 +533,7 @@ void Mixer::bm_frame(unsigned card_index, uint16_t timecode,
                        new_frame.interlaced = video_format.interlaced;
                        new_frame.upload_func = upload_func;
                        new_frame.dropped_frames = dropped_frames;
+                       new_frame.received_timestamp = video_frame.received_timestamp;  // Ignore the audio timestamp.
                        card->new_frames.push(move(new_frame));
                        card->new_frames_changed.notify_all();
                }
@@ -559,6 +560,14 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       // Start the actual capture. (We don't want to do it before we're actually ready
+       // to process output frames.)
+       for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
+               if (int(card_index) != output_card_index) {
+                       cards[card_index].capture->start_bm_capture();
+               }
+       }
+
        steady_clock::time_point start, now;
        start = steady_clock::now();
 
@@ -566,17 +575,23 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
        int stats_dropped_frames = 0;
 
        while (!should_quit) {
-               CaptureCard::NewFrame new_frames[MAX_CARDS];
-               bool has_new_frame[MAX_CARDS] = { false };
-               int num_samples[MAX_CARDS] = { 0 };
-
-               unsigned master_card_index = theme->map_signal(master_clock_channel);
-               assert(master_card_index < num_cards);
+               CaptureCard::NewFrame new_frames[MAX_VIDEO_CARDS];
+               bool has_new_frame[MAX_VIDEO_CARDS] = { false };
+
+               bool master_card_is_output;
+               unsigned master_card_index;
+               if (output_card_index != -1) {
+                       master_card_is_output = true;
+                       master_card_index = output_card_index;
+               } else {
+                       master_card_is_output = false;
+                       master_card_index = theme->map_signal(master_clock_channel);
+                       assert(master_card_index < num_cards);
+               }
 
-               get_one_frame_from_each_card(master_card_index, new_frames, has_new_frame, num_samples);
-               schedule_audio_resampling_tasks(new_frames[master_card_index].dropped_frames, num_samples[master_card_index], new_frames[master_card_index].length);
-               stats_dropped_frames += new_frames[master_card_index].dropped_frames;
-               send_audio_level_callback();
+               OutputFrameInfo output_frame_info = get_one_frame_from_each_card(master_card_index, master_card_is_output, new_frames, has_new_frame);
+               schedule_audio_resampling_tasks(output_frame_info.dropped_frames, output_frame_info.num_samples, output_frame_info.frame_duration);
+               stats_dropped_frames += output_frame_info.dropped_frames;
 
                handle_hotplugged_cards();
 
@@ -595,7 +610,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
 
                // If the first card is reporting a corrupted or otherwise dropped frame,
                // just increase the pts (skipping over this frame) and don't try to compute anything new.
-               if (new_frames[master_card_index].frame->len == 0) {
+               if (!master_card_is_output && new_frames[master_card_index].frame->len == 0) {
                        ++stats_dropped_frames;
                        pts_int += new_frames[master_card_index].length;
                        continue;
@@ -617,7 +632,7 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                        }
                }
 
-               int64_t frame_duration = new_frames[master_card_index].length;
+               int64_t frame_duration = output_frame_info.frame_duration;
                render_one_frame(frame_duration);
                ++frame;
                pts_int += frame_duration;
@@ -645,10 +660,15 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
                                        assert(false);
                                }
 
-                               printf(", using %ld / %ld MB lockable memory (%.1f%%)",
-                                       long(used.ru_maxrss / 1024),
-                                       long(limit.rlim_cur / 1048576),
-                                       float(100.0 * (used.ru_maxrss * 1024.0) / limit.rlim_cur));
+                               if (limit.rlim_cur == 0) {
+                                       printf(", using %ld MB memory (locked)",
+                                               long(used.ru_maxrss / 1024));
+                               } else {
+                                       printf(", using %ld / %ld MB lockable memory (%.1f%%)",
+                                               long(used.ru_maxrss / 1024),
+                                               long(limit.rlim_cur / 1048576),
+                                               float(100.0 * (used.ru_maxrss * 1024.0) / limit.rlim_cur));
+                               }
                        } else {
                                printf(", using %ld MB memory (not locked)",
                                        long(used.ru_maxrss / 1024));
@@ -678,15 +698,35 @@ void Mixer::thread_func()
        resource_pool->clean_context();
 }
 
-void Mixer::get_one_frame_from_each_card(unsigned master_card_index, CaptureCard::NewFrame new_frames[MAX_CARDS], bool has_new_frame[MAX_CARDS], int num_samples[MAX_CARDS])
+bool Mixer::input_card_is_master_clock(unsigned card_index, unsigned master_card_index) const
+{
+       if (output_card_index != -1) {
+               // The output card (ie., cards[output_card_index].output) is the master clock,
+               // so no input card (ie., cards[card_index].capture) is.
+               return false;
+       }
+       return (card_index == master_card_index);
+}
+
+Mixer::OutputFrameInfo Mixer::get_one_frame_from_each_card(unsigned master_card_index, bool master_card_is_output, CaptureCard::NewFrame new_frames[MAX_VIDEO_CARDS], bool has_new_frame[MAX_VIDEO_CARDS])
 {
+       OutputFrameInfo output_frame_info;
 start:
-       // The first card is the master timer, so wait for it to have a new frame.
-       // TODO: Add a timeout.
-       unique_lock<mutex> lock(bmusb_mutex);
-       cards[master_card_index].new_frames_changed.wait(lock, [this, master_card_index]{ return !cards[master_card_index].new_frames.empty() || cards[master_card_index].capture->get_disconnected(); });
+       unique_lock<mutex> lock(card_mutex, defer_lock);
+       if (master_card_is_output) {
+               // Clocked to the output, so wait for it to be ready for the next frame.
+               cards[master_card_index].output->wait_for_frame(pts_int, &output_frame_info.dropped_frames, &output_frame_info.frame_duration);
+               lock.lock();
+       } else {
+               // Wait for the master card to have a new frame.
+               // TODO: Add a timeout.
+               lock.lock();
+               cards[master_card_index].new_frames_changed.wait(lock, [this, master_card_index]{ return !cards[master_card_index].new_frames.empty() || cards[master_card_index].capture->get_disconnected(); });
+       }
 
-       if (cards[master_card_index].new_frames.empty()) {
+       if (master_card_is_output) {
+               handle_hotplugged_cards();
+       } else if (cards[master_card_index].new_frames.empty()) {
                // We were woken up, but not due to a new frame. Deal with it
                // and then restart.
                assert(cards[master_card_index].capture->get_disconnected());
@@ -697,7 +737,7 @@ start:
        for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
                CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
                if (card->new_frames.empty()) {
-                       assert(card_index != master_card_index);
+                       assert(!input_card_is_master_clock(card_index, master_card_index));
                        card->queue_length_policy.update_policy(-1);
                        continue;
                }
@@ -706,12 +746,7 @@ start:
                card->new_frames.pop();
                card->new_frames_changed.notify_all();
 
-               int num_samples_times_timebase = OUTPUT_FREQUENCY * new_frames[card_index].length + card->fractional_samples;
-               num_samples[card_index] = num_samples_times_timebase / TIMEBASE;
-               card->fractional_samples = num_samples_times_timebase % TIMEBASE;
-               assert(num_samples[card_index] >= 0);
-
-               if (card_index == master_card_index) {
+               if (input_card_is_master_clock(card_index, master_card_index)) {
                        // We don't use the queue length policy for the master card,
                        // but we will if it stops being the master. Thus, clear out
                        // the policy in case we switch in the future.
@@ -725,6 +760,20 @@ start:
                        }
                }
        }
+
+       if (!master_card_is_output) {
+               output_frame_info.dropped_frames = new_frames[master_card_index].dropped_frames;
+               output_frame_info.frame_duration = new_frames[master_card_index].length;
+       }
+
+       // This might get off by a fractional sample when changing master card
+       // between ones with different frame rates, but that's fine.
+       int num_samples_times_timebase = OUTPUT_FREQUENCY * output_frame_info.frame_duration + fractional_samples;
+       output_frame_info.num_samples = num_samples_times_timebase / TIMEBASE;
+       fractional_samples = num_samples_times_timebase % TIMEBASE;
+       assert(output_frame_info.num_samples >= 0);
+
+       return output_frame_info;
 }
 
 void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
@@ -734,8 +783,8 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                CaptureCard *card = &cards[card_index];
                if (card->capture->get_disconnected()) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Card %u went away, replacing with a fake card.\n", card_index);
-                       FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(WIDTH, HEIGHT, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
-                       configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/true);
+                       FakeCapture *capture = new FakeCapture(global_flags.width, global_flags.height, FAKE_FPS, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY, card_index, global_flags.fake_cards_audio);
+                       configure_card(card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/true, /*output=*/nullptr);
                        card->queue_length_policy.reset(card_index);
                        card->capture->start_bm_capture();
                }
@@ -752,7 +801,7 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                int free_card_index = -1;
                for (unsigned card_index = 0; card_index < num_cards; ++card_index) {
                        if (cards[card_index].is_fake_capture) {
-                               free_card_index = int(card_index);
+                               free_card_index = card_index;
                                break;
                        }
                }
@@ -765,7 +814,7 @@ void Mixer::handle_hotplugged_cards()
                        fprintf(stderr, "New card plugged in, choosing slot %d.\n", free_card_index);
                        CaptureCard *card = &cards[free_card_index];
                        BMUSBCapture *capture = new BMUSBCapture(free_card_index, new_dev);
-                       configure_card(free_card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/false);
+                       configure_card(free_card_index, capture, /*is_fake_capture=*/false, /*output=*/nullptr);
                        card->queue_length_policy.reset(free_card_index);
                        capture->set_card_disconnected_callback(bind(&Mixer::bm_hotplug_remove, this, free_card_index));
                        capture->start_bm_capture();
@@ -811,7 +860,7 @@ void Mixer::schedule_audio_resampling_tasks(unsigned dropped_frames, int num_sam
 void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
 {
        // Get the main chain from the theme, and set its state immediately.
-       Theme::Chain theme_main_chain = theme->get_chain(0, pts(), WIDTH, HEIGHT, input_state);
+       Theme::Chain theme_main_chain = theme->get_chain(0, pts(), global_flags.width, global_flags.height, input_state);
        EffectChain *chain = theme_main_chain.chain;
        theme_main_chain.setup_chain();
        //theme_main_chain.chain->enable_phase_timing(true);
@@ -821,14 +870,17 @@ void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
        assert(got_frame);
 
        // Render main chain.
-       GLuint cbcr_full_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RG8, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
-       GLuint rgba_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RGB565, WIDTH, HEIGHT);  // Saves texture bandwidth, although dithering gets messed up.
+       GLuint cbcr_full_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RG8, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
+       GLuint rgba_tex = resource_pool->create_2d_texture(GL_RGB565, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);  // Saves texture bandwidth, although dithering gets messed up.
        GLuint fbo = resource_pool->create_fbo(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, rgba_tex);
        check_error();
-       chain->render_to_fbo(fbo, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
+       chain->render_to_fbo(fbo, global_flags.width, global_flags.height);
        resource_pool->release_fbo(fbo);
 
-       subsample_chroma(cbcr_full_tex, cbcr_tex);
+       chroma_subsampler->subsample_chroma(cbcr_full_tex, global_flags.width, global_flags.height, cbcr_tex);
+       if (output_card_index != -1) {
+               cards[output_card_index].output->send_frame(y_tex, cbcr_full_tex, theme_main_chain.input_frames, pts_int, duration);
+       }
        resource_pool->release_2d_texture(cbcr_full_tex);
 
        // Set the right state for rgba_tex.
@@ -838,7 +890,7 @@ void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
 
-       const int64_t av_delay = TIMEBASE / 10;  // Corresponds to the fixed delay in resampling_queue.h. TODO: Make less hard-coded.
+       const int64_t av_delay = lrint(global_flags.audio_queue_length_ms * 0.001 * TIMEBASE);  // Corresponds to the delay in ResamplingQueue.
        RefCountedGLsync fence = video_encoder->end_frame(pts_int + av_delay, duration, theme_main_chain.input_frames);
 
        // The live frame just shows the RGBA texture we just rendered.
@@ -856,7 +908,7 @@ void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
        // Set up preview and any additional channels.
        for (int i = 1; i < theme->get_num_channels() + 2; ++i) {
                DisplayFrame display_frame;
-               Theme::Chain chain = theme->get_chain(i, pts(), WIDTH, HEIGHT, input_state);  // FIXME: dimensions
+               Theme::Chain chain = theme->get_chain(i, pts(), global_flags.width, global_flags.height, input_state);  // FIXME: dimensions
                display_frame.chain = chain.chain;
                display_frame.setup_chain = chain.setup_chain;
                display_frame.ready_fence = fence;
@@ -866,25 +918,6 @@ void Mixer::render_one_frame(int64_t duration)
        }
 }
 
-void Mixer::send_audio_level_callback()
-{
-       if (audio_level_callback == nullptr) {
-               return;
-       }
-
-       unique_lock<mutex> lock(audio_measure_mutex);
-       double loudness_s = r128.loudness_S();
-       double loudness_i = r128.integrated();
-       double loudness_range_low = r128.range_min();
-       double loudness_range_high = r128.range_max();
-
-       audio_level_callback(loudness_s, 20.0 * log10(peak),
-               loudness_i, loudness_range_low, loudness_range_high,
-               audio_mixer.get_gain_staging_db(),
-               audio_mixer.get_final_makeup_gain_db(),
-               correlation.get_correlation());
-}
-
 void Mixer::audio_thread_func()
 {
        while (!should_quit) {
@@ -902,110 +935,21 @@ void Mixer::audio_thread_func()
 
                ResamplingQueue::RateAdjustmentPolicy rate_adjustment_policy =
                        task.adjust_rate ? ResamplingQueue::ADJUST_RATE : ResamplingQueue::DO_NOT_ADJUST_RATE;
-               process_audio_one_frame(task.pts_int, task.num_samples, rate_adjustment_policy);
-       }
-}
-
-void Mixer::process_audio_one_frame(int64_t frame_pts_int, int num_samples, ResamplingQueue::RateAdjustmentPolicy rate_adjustment_policy)
-{
-       vector<float> samples_out = audio_mixer.get_output(double(frame_pts_int) / TIMEBASE, num_samples, rate_adjustment_policy);
-
-       // Upsample 4x to find interpolated peak.
-       peak_resampler.inp_data = samples_out.data();
-       peak_resampler.inp_count = samples_out.size() / 2;
-
-       vector<float> interpolated_samples_out;
-       interpolated_samples_out.resize(samples_out.size());
-       {
-               unique_lock<mutex> lock(audio_measure_mutex);
-
-               while (peak_resampler.inp_count > 0) {  // About four iterations.
-                       peak_resampler.out_data = &interpolated_samples_out[0];
-                       peak_resampler.out_count = interpolated_samples_out.size() / 2;
-                       peak_resampler.process();
-                       size_t out_stereo_samples = interpolated_samples_out.size() / 2 - peak_resampler.out_count;
-                       peak = max<float>(peak, find_peak(interpolated_samples_out.data(), out_stereo_samples * 2));
-                       peak_resampler.out_data = nullptr;
+               vector<float> samples_out = audio_mixer.get_output(
+                       double(task.pts_int) / TIMEBASE,
+                       task.num_samples,
+                       rate_adjustment_policy);
+
+               // Send the samples to the sound card, then add them to the output.
+               if (alsa) {
+                       alsa->write(samples_out);
                }
+               if (output_card_index != -1) {
+                       const int64_t av_delay = lrint(global_flags.audio_queue_length_ms * 0.001 * TIMEBASE);  // Corresponds to the delay in ResamplingQueue.
+                       cards[output_card_index].output->send_audio(task.pts_int + av_delay, samples_out);
+               }
+               video_encoder->add_audio(task.pts_int, move(samples_out));
        }
-
-       // Find R128 levels and L/R correlation.
-       vector<float> left, right;
-       deinterleave_samples(samples_out, &left, &right);
-       float *ptrs[] = { left.data(), right.data() };
-       {
-               unique_lock<mutex> lock(audio_measure_mutex);
-               r128.process(left.size(), ptrs);
-               audio_mixer.set_current_loudness(r128.loudness_M());
-               correlation.process_samples(samples_out);
-       }
-
-       // Send the samples to the sound card.
-       if (alsa) {
-               alsa->write(samples_out);
-       }
-
-       // And finally add them to the output.
-       video_encoder->add_audio(frame_pts_int, move(samples_out));
-}
-
-void Mixer::subsample_chroma(GLuint src_tex, GLuint dst_tex)
-{
-       GLuint vao;
-       glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
-       check_error();
-
-       glBindVertexArray(vao);
-       check_error();
-
-       // Extract Cb/Cr.
-       GLuint fbo = resource_pool->create_fbo(dst_tex);
-       glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
-       glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH/2, HEIGHT/2);
-       check_error();
-
-       glUseProgram(cbcr_program_num);
-       check_error();
-
-       glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-       check_error();
-       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, src_tex);
-       check_error();
-       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-       check_error();
-       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-       check_error();
-       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-       check_error();
-
-       float chroma_offset_0[] = { -0.5f / WIDTH, 0.0f };
-       set_uniform_vec2(cbcr_program_num, "foo", "chroma_offset_0", chroma_offset_0);
-
-       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, cbcr_vbo);
-       check_error();
-
-       for (GLint attr_index : { cbcr_position_attribute_index, cbcr_texcoord_attribute_index }) {
-               glEnableVertexAttribArray(attr_index);
-               check_error();
-               glVertexAttribPointer(attr_index, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
-               check_error();
-       }
-
-       glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
-       check_error();
-
-       for (GLint attr_index : { cbcr_position_attribute_index, cbcr_texcoord_attribute_index }) {
-               glDisableVertexAttribArray(attr_index);
-               check_error();
-       }
-
-       glUseProgram(0);
-       check_error();
-       glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
-       check_error();
-
-       resource_pool->release_fbo(fbo);
-       glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao);
 }
 
 void Mixer::release_display_frame(DisplayFrame *frame)
@@ -1042,16 +986,6 @@ void Mixer::channel_clicked(int preview_num)
        theme->channel_clicked(preview_num);
 }
 
-void Mixer::reset_meters()
-{
-       unique_lock<mutex> lock(audio_measure_mutex);
-       peak_resampler.reset();
-       peak = 0.0f;
-       r128.reset();
-       r128.integr_start();
-       correlation.reset();
-}
-
 void Mixer::start_mode_scanning(unsigned card_index)
 {
        assert(card_index < num_cards);