Warn if a global function has no previous declaration

If a global function has no previous declaration, either the declaration
is missing in the corresponding header file or the function should be
declared static. Static functions are local to the translation unit,
which allows the compiler to apply some optimizations earlier (when
compiling the translation unit rather than during link-time
optimization).

The commit enables the warning for gcc, clang, and mingw. It also fixes
the reported warnings by declaring the functions static or by adding a
header file (benchmark.h).

closes https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/4325

No functional change