]> git.sesse.net Git - nageru/blobdiff - nageru/mjpeg_encoder.cpp
Fix a Clang 19 warning.
[nageru] / nageru / mjpeg_encoder.cpp
index 46bb94c7639112f76b031c96c63acab9560b99ce..71af1693778aa51684c8c98ba65c99582f779cde 100644 (file)
@@ -1,37 +1,98 @@
 #include "mjpeg_encoder.h"
 
+#include <Eigen/Core>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <bmusb/bmusb.h>
 #include <jpeglib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <movit/colorspace_conversion_effect.h>
+#include <movit/effect.h>
+#include <movit/image_format.h>
+#include <movit/ycbcr.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <va/va.h>
+#include <va/va_enc_jpeg.h>
+#include <vector>
 #if __SSE2__
 #include <immintrin.h>
 #endif
-#include <list>
 
 extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/codec_id.h>
+#include <libavcodec/defs.h>
+#include <libavcodec/packet.h>
 #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavformat/avio.h>
+#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
+#include <libavutil/channel_layout.h>
+#include <libavutil/dict.h>
+#include <libavutil/mathematics.h>
+#include <libavutil/mem.h>
+#include <libavutil/pixfmt.h>
+#include <libavutil/rational.h>
 }
 
-#include "defs.h"
-#include "shared/ffmpeg_raii.h"
 #include "flags.h"
+#include "pbo_frame_allocator.h"
+#include "ref_counted_frame.h"
+#include "shared/ffmpeg_raii.h"
 #include "shared/httpd.h"
 #include "shared/memcpy_interleaved.h"
 #include "shared/metrics.h"
-#include "pbo_frame_allocator.h"
+#include "shared/shared_defs.h"
 #include "shared/timebase.h"
-#include "va_display_with_cleanup.h"
-
-#include <va/va.h>
-#include <va/va_drm.h>
-#include <va/va_x11.h>
+#include "shared/va_display.h"
+#include "shared/va_resource_pool.h"
 
+using namespace Eigen;
 using namespace bmusb;
+using namespace movit;
 using namespace std;
 
-static VAImageFormat uyvy_format;
+static VAImageFormat uyvy_format, nv12_format;
 
 extern void memcpy_with_pitch(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src, size_t src_width, size_t dst_pitch, size_t height);
 
+// The inverse of memcpy_interleaved(), with (slow) support for pitch.
+void interleave_with_pitch(uint8_t *dst, const uint8_t *src1, const uint8_t *src2, size_t src_width, size_t dst_pitch, size_t height)
+{
+#if __SSE2__
+       if (dst_pitch == src_width * 2 && (src_width * height) % 16 == 0) {
+               __m128i *dptr = reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(dst);
+               const __m128i *sptr1 = reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src1);
+               const __m128i *sptr2 = reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(src2);
+               for (size_t i = 0; i < src_width * height / 16; ++i) {
+                       __m128i data1 = _mm_loadu_si128(sptr1++);
+                       __m128i data2 = _mm_loadu_si128(sptr2++);
+                       _mm_storeu_si128(dptr++, _mm_unpacklo_epi8(data1, data2));
+                       _mm_storeu_si128(dptr++, _mm_unpackhi_epi8(data1, data2));
+               }
+               return;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       for (size_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
+               uint8_t *dptr = dst + y * dst_pitch;
+               const uint8_t *sptr1 = src1 + y * src_width;
+               const uint8_t *sptr2 = src2 + y * src_width;
+               for (size_t x = 0; x < src_width; ++x) {
+                       *dptr++ = *sptr1++;
+                       *dptr++ = *sptr2++;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
 // From libjpeg (although it's of course identical between implementations).
 static const int jpeg_natural_order[DCTSIZE2] = {
         0,  1,  8, 16,  9,  2,  3, 10,
@@ -98,79 +159,112 @@ static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<VectorDestinationManager>::value, "");
 
 int MJPEGEncoder::write_packet2_thunk(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, AVIODataMarkerType type, int64_t time)
 {
-       MJPEGEncoder *engine = (MJPEGEncoder *)opaque;
-       return engine->write_packet2(buf, buf_size, type, time);
+       WritePacket2Context *ctx = (WritePacket2Context *)opaque;
+       return ctx->mjpeg_encoder->write_packet2(ctx->stream_id, buf, buf_size, type, time);
 }
 
-int MJPEGEncoder::write_packet2(uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, AVIODataMarkerType type, int64_t time)
+int MJPEGEncoder::write_packet2(HTTPD::StreamID stream_id, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, AVIODataMarkerType type, int64_t time)
 {
+       string *mux_header = &streams[stream_id].mux_header;
        if (type == AVIO_DATA_MARKER_HEADER) {
-               mux_header.append((char *)buf, buf_size);
-               httpd->set_header(HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM, mux_header);
+               mux_header->append((char *)buf, buf_size);
+               httpd->set_header(stream_id, *mux_header);
        } else {
-               httpd->add_data(HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM, (char *)buf, buf_size, /*keyframe=*/true, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, AVRational{ AV_TIME_BASE, 1 });
+               httpd->add_data(stream_id, (char *)buf, buf_size, /*keyframe=*/true, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, AVRational{ AV_TIME_BASE, 1 });
        }
        return buf_size;
 }
 
-MJPEGEncoder::MJPEGEncoder(HTTPD *httpd, const string &va_display)
-       : httpd(httpd)
-{
-       // Set up the mux. We don't use the Mux wrapper, because it's geared towards
-       // a situation with only one video stream (and possibly one audio stream)
-       // with known width/height, and we don't need the extra functionality it provides.
-       avctx.reset(avformat_alloc_context());
-       avctx->oformat = av_guess_format("mp4", nullptr, nullptr);
-
-       uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)av_malloc(MUX_BUFFER_SIZE);
-       avctx->pb = avio_alloc_context(buf, MUX_BUFFER_SIZE, 1, this, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
-       avctx->pb->write_data_type = &MJPEGEncoder::write_packet2_thunk;
-       avctx->flags = AVFMT_FLAG_CUSTOM_IO;
+namespace {
 
-       for (unsigned card_idx = 0; card_idx < global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.size(); ++card_idx) {
-               AVStream *stream = avformat_new_stream(avctx.get(), nullptr);
-               if (stream == nullptr) {
-                       fprintf(stderr, "avformat_new_stream() failed\n");
-                       abort();
-               }
-               stream->time_base = AVRational{ 1, TIMEBASE };
-               stream->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
-               stream->codecpar->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG;
+void add_video_stream(AVFormatContext *avctx)
+{
+       AVStream *stream = avformat_new_stream(avctx, nullptr);
+       if (stream == nullptr) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "avformat_new_stream() failed\n");
+               abort();
+       }
 
-               // Used for aspect ratio only. Can change without notice (the mux won't care).
-               stream->codecpar->width = global_flags.width;
-               stream->codecpar->height = global_flags.height;
+       // FFmpeg is very picky about having audio at 1/48000 timebase,
+       // no matter what we write. Even though we'd prefer our usual 1/120000,
+       // put the video on the same one, so that we can have locked audio.
+       stream->time_base = AVRational{ 1, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY };
+       stream->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
+       stream->codecpar->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG;
+
+       // Used for aspect ratio only. Can change without notice (the mux won't care).
+       stream->codecpar->width = global_flags.width;
+       stream->codecpar->height = global_flags.height;
+
+       // TODO: We could perhaps use the interpretation for each card here
+       // (or at least the command-line flags) instead of the defaults,
+       // but what would we do when they change?
+       stream->codecpar->color_primaries = AVCOL_PRI_BT709;
+       stream->codecpar->color_trc = AVCOL_TRC_IEC61966_2_1;
+       stream->codecpar->color_space = AVCOL_SPC_BT709;
+       stream->codecpar->color_range = AVCOL_RANGE_MPEG;
+       stream->codecpar->chroma_location = AVCHROMA_LOC_LEFT;
+       stream->codecpar->field_order = AV_FIELD_PROGRESSIVE;
+}
 
-               // TODO: We could perhaps use the interpretation for each card here
-               // (or at least the command-line flags) instead of the defaults,
-               // but what would we do when they change?
-               stream->codecpar->color_primaries = AVCOL_PRI_BT709;
-               stream->codecpar->color_trc = AVCOL_TRC_IEC61966_2_1;
-               stream->codecpar->color_space = AVCOL_SPC_BT709;
-               stream->codecpar->color_range = AVCOL_RANGE_MPEG;
-               stream->codecpar->chroma_location = AVCHROMA_LOC_LEFT;
-               stream->codecpar->field_order = AV_FIELD_PROGRESSIVE;
+void add_audio_stream(AVFormatContext *avctx)
+{
+       AVStream *stream = avformat_new_stream(avctx, nullptr);
+       if (stream == nullptr) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "avformat_new_stream() failed\n");
+               abort();
        }
+       stream->time_base = AVRational{ 1, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY };
+       stream->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;
+       stream->codecpar->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_PCM_S32LE;
+       stream->codecpar->ch_layout.order = AV_CHANNEL_ORDER_NATIVE;
+       stream->codecpar->ch_layout.nb_channels = 2;
+       stream->codecpar->ch_layout.u.mask = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
+       stream->codecpar->sample_rate = OUTPUT_FREQUENCY;
+}
 
+void finalize_mux(AVFormatContext *avctx)
+{
        AVDictionary *options = NULL;
        vector<pair<string, string>> opts = MUX_OPTS;
        for (pair<string, string> opt : opts) {
                av_dict_set(&options, opt.first.c_str(), opt.second.c_str(), 0);
        }
-       if (avformat_write_header(avctx.get(), &options) < 0) {
+       if (avformat_write_header(avctx, &options) < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "avformat_write_header() failed\n");
                abort();
        }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+MJPEGEncoder::MJPEGEncoder(HTTPD *httpd, const string &va_display)
+       : httpd(httpd)
+{
+       create_ffmpeg_context(HTTPD::StreamID{ HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM, 0 });
+       for (unsigned stream_idx = 0; stream_idx < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++stream_idx) {
+               create_ffmpeg_context(HTTPD::StreamID{ HTTPD::SIPHON_STREAM, stream_idx });
+       }
+
+       add_stream(HTTPD::StreamID{ HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM, 0 });
 
        // Initialize VA-API.
+       VAConfigID config_id_422, config_id_420;
        string error;
-       va_dpy = try_open_va(va_display, &error, &config_id);
+       va_dpy = try_open_va(va_display, { VAProfileJPEGBaseline }, VAEntrypointEncPicture,
+               {
+                       { "4:2:2", VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV422, VA_FOURCC_UYVY, &config_id_422, &uyvy_format },
+                       // We'd prefer VA_FOURCC_I420, but it's not supported by Intel's driver.
+                       { "4:2:0", VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420, VA_FOURCC_NV12, &config_id_420, &nv12_format }
+               },
+               /*chosen_profile=*/nullptr, &error);
        if (va_dpy == nullptr) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize VA-API for MJPEG encoding: %s. JPEGs will be encoded in software if needed.\n", error.c_str());
        }
 
        encoder_thread = thread(&MJPEGEncoder::encoder_thread_func, this);
        if (va_dpy != nullptr) {
+               va_pool.reset(new VAResourcePool(va_dpy->va_dpy, uyvy_format, nv12_format, config_id_422, config_id_420, /*with_data_buffer=*/true));
                va_receiver_thread = thread(&MJPEGEncoder::va_receiver_thread_func, this);
        }
 
@@ -186,7 +280,9 @@ MJPEGEncoder::MJPEGEncoder(HTTPD *httpd, const string &va_display)
 
 MJPEGEncoder::~MJPEGEncoder()
 {
-       av_free(avctx->pb->buffer);
+       for (auto &id_and_stream : streams) {
+               av_free(id_and_stream.second.avctx->pb->buffer);
+       }
 
        global_metrics.remove("mjpeg_frames", {{ "status", "dropped" }, { "reason", "zero_size" }});
        global_metrics.remove("mjpeg_frames", {{ "status", "dropped" }, { "reason", "interlaced" }});
@@ -211,67 +307,26 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::stop()
        }
 }
 
-unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> MJPEGEncoder::try_open_va(const string &va_display, string *error, VAConfigID *config_id)
-{
-       unique_ptr<VADisplayWithCleanup> va_dpy = va_open_display(va_display);
-       if (va_dpy == nullptr) {
-               if (error) *error = "Opening VA display failed";
-               return nullptr;
-       }
-       int major_ver, minor_ver;
-       VAStatus va_status = vaInitialize(va_dpy->va_dpy, &major_ver, &minor_ver);
-       if (va_status != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-               char buf[256];
-               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "vaInitialize() failed with status %d\n", va_status);
-               if (error != nullptr) *error = buf;
-               return nullptr;
-       }
-
-       VAConfigAttrib attr = { VAConfigAttribRTFormat, VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV422 };
-       va_status = vaCreateConfig(va_dpy->va_dpy, VAProfileJPEGBaseline, VAEntrypointEncPicture,
-               &attr, 1, config_id);
-       if (va_status == VA_STATUS_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ENTRYPOINT) {
-               if (error != nullptr) *error = "No hardware support";
-               return nullptr;
-       } else if (va_status != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-               char buf[256];
-               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "vaCreateConfig() failed with status %d\n", va_status);
-               if (error != nullptr) *error = buf;
-               return nullptr;
-       }
-
-       // TODO: Unify with the code in Futatabi.
-       int num_formats = vaMaxNumImageFormats(va_dpy->va_dpy);
-       assert(num_formats > 0);
-
-       unique_ptr<VAImageFormat[]> formats(new VAImageFormat[num_formats]);
-       va_status = vaQueryImageFormats(va_dpy->va_dpy, formats.get(), &num_formats);
-       if (va_status != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-               char buf[256];
-               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "vaQueryImageFormats() failed with status %d\n", va_status);
-               if (error != nullptr) *error = buf;
-               return nullptr;
-       }
-
-       bool found = false;
-       for (int i = 0; i < num_formats; ++i) {
-               if (formats[i].fourcc == VA_FOURCC_UYVY) {
-                       memcpy(&uyvy_format, &formats[i], sizeof(VAImageFormat));
-                       found = true;
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
-       if (!found) {
-               if (error != nullptr) *error = "UYVY format not found";
-               return nullptr;
-       }
+namespace {
 
-       return va_dpy;
+bool is_uyvy(RefCountedFrame frame)
+{
+       PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *userdata = (PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *)frame->userdata;
+       return userdata->pixel_format == PixelFormat_8BitYCbCr && frame->interleaved;
 }
 
-void MJPEGEncoder::upload_frame(int64_t pts, unsigned card_index, RefCountedFrame frame, const bmusb::VideoFormat &video_format, size_t y_offset, size_t cbcr_offset)
+bool is_i420(RefCountedFrame frame)
 {
        PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *userdata = (PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *)frame->userdata;
+       return userdata->pixel_format == PixelFormat_8BitYCbCrPlanar &&
+               userdata->ycbcr_format.chroma_subsampling_x == 2 &&
+               userdata->ycbcr_format.chroma_subsampling_y == 2;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void MJPEGEncoder::upload_frame(int64_t pts, unsigned card_index, RefCountedFrame frame, const bmusb::VideoFormat &video_format, size_t y_offset, size_t cbcr_offset, vector<int32_t> audio, const RGBTriplet &white_balance)
+{
        if (video_format.width == 0 || video_format.height == 0) {
                ++metric_mjpeg_frames_zero_size_dropped;
                return;
@@ -281,8 +336,7 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::upload_frame(int64_t pts, unsigned card_index, RefCountedFram
                ++metric_mjpeg_frames_interlaced_dropped;
                return;
        }
-       if (userdata->pixel_format != PixelFormat_8BitYCbCr ||
-           !frame->interleaved) {
+       if (!is_uyvy(frame) && !is_i420(frame)) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Card %u: Ignoring JPEG encoding for unsupported pixel format\n", card_index);
                ++metric_mjpeg_frames_unsupported_pixel_format_dropped;
                return;
@@ -300,23 +354,21 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::upload_frame(int64_t pts, unsigned card_index, RefCountedFram
                return;
        }
        ++metric_mjpeg_overrun_submitted;
-       frames_to_be_encoded.push(QueuedFrame{ pts, card_index, frame, video_format, y_offset, cbcr_offset });
+       frames_to_be_encoded.push(QueuedFrame{ pts, card_index, frame, video_format, y_offset, cbcr_offset, move(audio), white_balance });
        any_frames_to_be_encoded.notify_all();
 }
 
-int MJPEGEncoder::get_mjpeg_stream_for_card(unsigned card_index)
+bool MJPEGEncoder::should_encode_mjpeg_for_card(unsigned card_index)
 {
        // Only bother doing MJPEG encoding if there are any connected clients
        // that want the stream.
-       if (httpd->get_num_connected_multicam_clients() == 0) {
-               return -1;
+       if (httpd->get_num_connected_multicam_clients() == 0 &&
+           httpd->get_num_connected_siphon_clients(card_index) == 0) {
+               return false;
        }
 
        auto it = global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.find(card_index);
-       if (it == global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.end()) {
-               return -1;
-       }
-       return it->second;
+       return (it != global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.end());
 }
 
 void MJPEGEncoder::encoder_thread_func()
@@ -337,13 +389,33 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::encoder_thread_func()
                        frames_to_be_encoded.pop();
                }
 
+               assert(global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.count(qf.card_index));  // Or should_encode_mjpeg_for_card() would have returned false.
+               int stream_index = global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export[qf.card_index];
+
                if (va_dpy != nullptr) {
                        // Will call back in the receiver thread.
                        encode_jpeg_va(move(qf));
                } else {
+                       update_siphon_streams();
+
+                       HTTPD::StreamID multicam_id{ HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM, 0 };
+                       HTTPD::StreamID siphon_id{ HTTPD::SIPHON_STREAM, qf.card_index };
+                       assert(streams.count(multicam_id));
+
+                       // Write audio before video, since Futatabi expects it.
+                       if (qf.audio.size() > 0) {
+                               write_audio_packet(streams[multicam_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, stream_index + global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.size(), qf.audio);
+                               if (streams.count(siphon_id)) {
+                                       write_audio_packet(streams[siphon_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, /*stream_index=*/1, qf.audio);
+                               }
+                       }
+
                        // Encode synchronously, in the same thread.
                        vector<uint8_t> jpeg = encode_jpeg_libjpeg(qf);
-                       write_mjpeg_packet(qf.pts, qf.card_index, jpeg.data(), jpeg.size());
+                       write_mjpeg_packet(streams[multicam_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, stream_index, jpeg.data(), jpeg.size());
+                       if (streams.count(siphon_id)) {
+                               write_mjpeg_packet(streams[siphon_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, /*stream_index=*/0, jpeg.data(), jpeg.size());
+                       }
                }
        }
 
@@ -353,19 +425,40 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::encoder_thread_func()
        free(tmp_cr);
 }
 
-void MJPEGEncoder::write_mjpeg_packet(int64_t pts, unsigned card_index, const uint8_t *jpeg, size_t jpeg_size)
+void MJPEGEncoder::write_mjpeg_packet(AVFormatContext *avctx, int64_t pts, unsigned stream_index, const uint8_t *jpeg, size_t jpeg_size)
 {
        AVPacket pkt;
        memset(&pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
        pkt.buf = nullptr;
        pkt.data = const_cast<uint8_t *>(jpeg);
        pkt.size = jpeg_size;
-       pkt.stream_index = card_index;
+       pkt.stream_index = stream_index;
+       pkt.flags = AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
+       AVRational time_base = avctx->streams[pkt.stream_index]->time_base;
+       pkt.pts = pkt.dts = av_rescale_q(pts, AVRational{ 1, TIMEBASE }, time_base);
+       pkt.duration = 0;
+
+       if (av_write_frame(avctx, &pkt) < 0) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "av_write_frame() failed\n");
+               abort();
+       }
+}
+
+void MJPEGEncoder::write_audio_packet(AVFormatContext *avctx, int64_t pts, unsigned stream_index, const vector<int32_t> &audio)
+{
+       AVPacket pkt;
+       memset(&pkt, 0, sizeof(pkt));
+       pkt.buf = nullptr;
+       pkt.data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(const_cast<int32_t *>(&audio[0]));
+       pkt.size = audio.size() * sizeof(audio[0]);
+       pkt.stream_index = stream_index;
        pkt.flags = AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
        AVRational time_base = avctx->streams[pkt.stream_index]->time_base;
        pkt.pts = pkt.dts = av_rescale_q(pts, AVRational{ 1, TIMEBASE }, time_base);
+       size_t num_stereo_samples = audio.size() / 2;
+       pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(num_stereo_samples, AVRational{ 1, OUTPUT_FREQUENCY }, time_base);
 
-       if (av_write_frame(avctx.get(), &pkt) < 0) {
+       if (av_write_frame(avctx, &pkt) < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "av_write_frame() failed\n");
                abort();
        }
@@ -386,73 +479,25 @@ private:
        VABufferID buf;
 };
 
-MJPEGEncoder::VAResources MJPEGEncoder::get_va_resources(unsigned width, unsigned height)
-{
-       {
-               lock_guard<mutex> lock(va_resources_mutex);
-               for (auto it = va_resources_freelist.begin(); it != va_resources_freelist.end(); ++it) {
-                       if (it->width == width && it->height == height) {
-                               VAResources ret = *it;
-                               va_resources_freelist.erase(it);
-                               return ret;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-
-       VAResources ret;
-
-       ret.width = width;
-       ret.height = height;
-
-       VASurfaceAttrib attrib;
-       attrib.flags = VA_SURFACE_ATTRIB_SETTABLE;
-       attrib.type = VASurfaceAttribPixelFormat;
-       attrib.value.type = VAGenericValueTypeInteger;
-       attrib.value.value.i = VA_FOURCC_UYVY;
-
-       VAStatus va_status = vaCreateSurfaces(va_dpy->va_dpy, VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV422,
-               width, height,
-               &ret.surface, 1, &attrib, 1);
-       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateSurfaces");
-
-       va_status = vaCreateContext(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, width, height, 0, &ret.surface, 1, &ret.context);
-       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateContext");
-
-       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAEncCodedBufferType, width * height * 3 + 8192, 1, nullptr, &ret.data_buffer);
-       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
-
-       va_status = vaCreateImage(va_dpy->va_dpy, &uyvy_format, width, height, &ret.image);
-       CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateImage");
+namespace {
 
-       return ret;
+void push16(uint16_t val, string *str)
+{
+       str->push_back(val >> 8);
+       str->push_back(val & 0xff);
 }
 
-void MJPEGEncoder::release_va_resources(MJPEGEncoder::VAResources resources)
+void push32(uint32_t val, string *str)
 {
-       lock_guard<mutex> lock(va_resources_mutex);
-       if (va_resources_freelist.size() > 50) {
-               auto it = va_resources_freelist.end();
-               --it;
-
-               VAStatus va_status = vaDestroyBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, it->data_buffer);
-               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDestroyBuffer");
-
-               va_status = vaDestroyContext(va_dpy->va_dpy, it->context);
-               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDestroyContext");
-
-               va_status = vaDestroySurfaces(va_dpy->va_dpy, &it->surface, 1);
-               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDestroySurfaces");
-
-               va_status = vaDestroyImage(va_dpy->va_dpy, it->image.image_id);
-               CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaDestroyImage");
-
-               va_resources_freelist.erase(it);
-       }
-
-       va_resources_freelist.push_front(resources);
+       str->push_back(val >> 24);
+       str->push_back((val >> 16) & 0xff);
+       str->push_back((val >> 8) & 0xff);
+       str->push_back(val & 0xff);
 }
 
-void MJPEGEncoder::init_jpeg_422(unsigned width, unsigned height, VectorDestinationManager *dest, jpeg_compress_struct *cinfo)
+}  // namespace
+
+void MJPEGEncoder::init_jpeg(unsigned width, unsigned height, const RGBTriplet &white_balance, VectorDestinationManager *dest, jpeg_compress_struct *cinfo, int y_h_samp_factor, int y_v_samp_factor)
 {
        jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
        cinfo->err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
@@ -468,8 +513,8 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::init_jpeg_422(unsigned width, unsigned height, VectorDestinat
        cinfo->image_height = height;
        cinfo->raw_data_in = true;
        jpeg_set_colorspace(cinfo, JCS_YCbCr);
-       cinfo->comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2;
-       cinfo->comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 1;
+       cinfo->comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = y_h_samp_factor;
+       cinfo->comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = y_v_samp_factor;
        cinfo->comp_info[1].h_samp_factor = 1;
        cinfo->comp_info[1].v_samp_factor = 1;
        cinfo->comp_info[2].h_samp_factor = 1;
@@ -477,30 +522,91 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::init_jpeg_422(unsigned width, unsigned height, VectorDestinat
        cinfo->CCIR601_sampling = true;  // Seems to be mostly ignored by libjpeg, though.
        jpeg_start_compress(cinfo, true);
 
+       if (fabs(white_balance.r - 1.0f) > 1e-3 ||
+           fabs(white_balance.g - 1.0f) > 1e-3 ||
+           fabs(white_balance.b - 1.0f) > 1e-3) {
+               // Convert from (linear) RGB to XYZ.
+               Matrix3d rgb_to_xyz_matrix = movit::ColorspaceConversionEffect::get_xyz_matrix(COLORSPACE_sRGB);
+               Vector3d xyz = rgb_to_xyz_matrix * Vector3d(white_balance.r, white_balance.g, white_balance.b);
+
+               // Convert from XYZ to xyz by normalizing.
+               xyz /= (xyz[0] + xyz[1] + xyz[2]);
+
+               // Create a very rudimentary EXIF header to hold our white point.
+               string exif;
+
+               // Exif header, followed by some padding.
+               exif = "Exif";
+               push16(0, &exif);
+
+               // TIFF header first:
+               exif += "MM";  // Big endian.
+
+               // Magic number.
+               push16(42, &exif);
+
+               // Offset of first IFD (relative to the MM, immediately after the header).
+               push32(exif.size() - 6 + 4, &exif);
+
+               // Now the actual IFD.
+
+               // One entry.
+               push16(1, &exif);
+
+               // WhitePoint tag ID.
+               push16(0x13e, &exif);
+
+               // Rational type.
+               push16(5, &exif);
+
+               // Two values (x and y; z is implicit due to normalization).
+               push32(2, &exif);
+
+               // Offset (relative to the MM, immediately after the last IFD).
+               push32(exif.size() - 6 + 8, &exif);
+
+               // No more IFDs.
+               push32(0, &exif);
+
+               // The actual values.
+               push32(lrintf(xyz[0] * 10000.0f), &exif);
+               push32(10000, &exif);
+               push32(lrintf(xyz[1] * 10000.0f), &exif);
+               push32(10000, &exif);
+
+               jpeg_write_marker(cinfo, JPEG_APP0 + 1, (const JOCTET *)exif.data(), exif.size());
+       }
+
        // This comment marker is private to FFmpeg. It signals limited Y'CbCr range
        // (and nothing else).
        jpeg_write_marker(cinfo, JPEG_COM, (const JOCTET *)"CS=ITU601", strlen("CS=ITU601"));
 }
 
-vector<uint8_t> MJPEGEncoder::get_jpeg_header(unsigned width, unsigned height, jpeg_compress_struct *cinfo)
+vector<uint8_t> MJPEGEncoder::get_jpeg_header(unsigned width, unsigned height, const RGBTriplet &white_balance, int y_h_samp_factor, int y_v_samp_factor, jpeg_compress_struct *cinfo)
 {
        VectorDestinationManager dest;
-       init_jpeg_422(width, height, &dest, cinfo);
+       init_jpeg(width, height, white_balance, &dest, cinfo, y_h_samp_factor, y_v_samp_factor);
 
        // Make a dummy black image; there's seemingly no other easy way of
        // making libjpeg outputting all of its headers.
-       JSAMPROW yptr[8], cbptr[8], crptr[8];
+       assert(y_v_samp_factor <= 2);  // Or we'd need larger JSAMPROW arrays below.
+       size_t block_height_y = 8 * y_v_samp_factor;
+       size_t block_height_cbcr = 8;
+
+       JSAMPROW yptr[16], cbptr[16], crptr[16];
        JSAMPARRAY data[3] = { yptr, cbptr, crptr };
        memset(tmp_y, 0, 4096);
        memset(tmp_cb, 0, 4096);
        memset(tmp_cr, 0, 4096);
-       for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < 8; ++yy) {
+       for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < block_height_y; ++yy) {
                yptr[yy] = tmp_y;
+       }
+       for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < block_height_cbcr; ++yy) {
                cbptr[yy] = tmp_cb;
                crptr[yy] = tmp_cr;
        }
-       for (unsigned y = 0; y < height; y += 8) {
-               jpeg_write_raw_data(cinfo, data, /*num_lines=*/8);
+       for (unsigned y = 0; y < height; y += block_height_y) {
+               jpeg_write_raw_data(cinfo, data, block_height_y);
        }
        jpeg_finish_compress(cinfo);
 
@@ -517,17 +623,17 @@ vector<uint8_t> MJPEGEncoder::get_jpeg_header(unsigned width, unsigned height, j
        return dest.dest;
 }
 
-MJPEGEncoder::VAData MJPEGEncoder::get_va_data_for_resolution(unsigned width, unsigned height)
+MJPEGEncoder::VAData MJPEGEncoder::get_va_data_for_parameters(unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned y_h_samp_factor, unsigned y_v_samp_factor, const RGBTriplet &white_balance)
 {
-       pair<unsigned, unsigned> key(width, height);
-       if (va_data_for_resolution.count(key)) {
-               return va_data_for_resolution[key];
+       VAKey key{width, height, y_h_samp_factor, y_v_samp_factor, white_balance};
+       if (va_data_for_parameters.count(key)) {
+               return va_data_for_parameters[key];
        }
 
        // Use libjpeg to generate a header and set sane defaults for e.g.
        // quantization tables. Then do the actual encode with VA-API.
        jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
-       vector<uint8_t> jpeg_header = get_jpeg_header(width, height, &cinfo);
+       vector<uint8_t> jpeg_header = get_jpeg_header(width, height, white_balance, y_h_samp_factor, y_v_samp_factor, &cinfo);
 
        // Picture parameters.
        VAEncPictureParameterBufferJPEG pic_param;
@@ -622,7 +728,7 @@ MJPEGEncoder::VAData MJPEGEncoder::get_va_data_for_resolution(unsigned width, un
        ret.q = q;
        ret.huff = huff;
        ret.parms = parms;
-       va_data_for_resolution[key] = ret;
+       va_data_for_parameters[key] = ret;
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -632,37 +738,55 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::encode_jpeg_va(QueuedFrame &&qf)
        unsigned width = qf.video_format.width;
        unsigned height = qf.video_format.height;
 
-       VAResources resources;
+       VAResourcePool::VAResources resources;
        ReleaseVAResources release;
        if (userdata->data_copy_current_src == PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata::FROM_VA_API) {
+               assert(is_uyvy(qf.frame));
                resources = move(userdata->va_resources);
                release = move(userdata->va_resources_release);
        } else {
                assert(userdata->data_copy_current_src == PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata::FROM_MALLOC);
-               resources = get_va_resources(width, height);
-               release = ReleaseVAResources(this, resources);
+               if (is_uyvy(qf.frame)) {
+                       resources = va_pool->get_va_resources(width, height, VA_FOURCC_UYVY);
+               } else {
+                       assert(is_i420(qf.frame));
+                       resources = va_pool->get_va_resources(width, height, VA_FOURCC_NV12);
+               }
+               release = ReleaseVAResources(va_pool.get(), resources);
+       }
+
+       int y_h_samp_factor, y_v_samp_factor;
+       if (is_uyvy(qf.frame)) {
+               // 4:2:2 (sample Y' twice as often horizontally as Cb or Cr, vertical is left alone).
+               y_h_samp_factor = 2;
+               y_v_samp_factor = 1;
+       } else {
+               // 4:2:0 (sample Y' twice as often as Cb or Cr, in both directions)
+               assert(is_i420(qf.frame));
+               y_h_samp_factor = 2;
+               y_v_samp_factor = 2;
        }
 
-       VAData va_data = get_va_data_for_resolution(width, height);
+       VAData va_data = get_va_data_for_parameters(width, height, y_h_samp_factor, y_v_samp_factor, qf.white_balance);
        va_data.pic_param.coded_buf = resources.data_buffer;
 
        VABufferID pic_param_buffer;
-       VAStatus va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAEncPictureParameterBufferType, sizeof(va_data.pic_param), 1, &va_data.pic_param, &pic_param_buffer);
+       VAStatus va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.context, VAEncPictureParameterBufferType, sizeof(va_data.pic_param), 1, &va_data.pic_param, &pic_param_buffer);
        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
        VABufferDestroyer destroy_pic_param(va_dpy->va_dpy, pic_param_buffer);
 
        VABufferID q_buffer;
-       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAQMatrixBufferType, sizeof(va_data.q), 1, &va_data.q, &q_buffer);
+       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.context, VAQMatrixBufferType, sizeof(va_data.q), 1, &va_data.q, &q_buffer);
        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
        VABufferDestroyer destroy_iq(va_dpy->va_dpy, q_buffer);
 
        VABufferID huff_buffer;
-       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAHuffmanTableBufferType, sizeof(va_data.huff), 1, &va_data.huff, &huff_buffer);
+       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.context, VAHuffmanTableBufferType, sizeof(va_data.huff), 1, &va_data.huff, &huff_buffer);
        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
        VABufferDestroyer destroy_huff(va_dpy->va_dpy, huff_buffer);
 
        VABufferID slice_param_buffer;
-       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAEncSliceParameterBufferType, sizeof(va_data.parms), 1, &va_data.parms, &slice_param_buffer);
+       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.context, VAEncSliceParameterBufferType, sizeof(va_data.parms), 1, &va_data.parms, &slice_param_buffer);
        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
        VABufferDestroyer destroy_slice_param(va_dpy->va_dpy, slice_param_buffer);
 
@@ -677,13 +801,27 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::encode_jpeg_va(QueuedFrame &&qf)
                uint8_t *surface_p = nullptr;
                vaMapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.image.buf, (void **)&surface_p);
 
-               size_t field_start_line = qf.video_format.extra_lines_top;  // No interlacing support.
-               size_t field_start = qf.cbcr_offset * 2 + qf.video_format.width * field_start_line * 2;
+               if (is_uyvy(qf.frame)) {
+                       size_t field_start_line = qf.video_format.extra_lines_top;  // No interlacing support.
+                       size_t field_start = qf.cbcr_offset * 2 + qf.video_format.width * field_start_line * 2;
 
-               {
                        const uint8_t *src = qf.frame->data_copy + field_start;
                        uint8_t *dst = (unsigned char *)surface_p + resources.image.offsets[0];
                        memcpy_with_pitch(dst, src, qf.video_format.width * 2, resources.image.pitches[0], qf.video_format.height);
+               } else {
+                       assert(is_i420(qf.frame));
+                       assert(!qf.frame->interleaved);  // Makes no sense for I420.
+
+                       size_t field_start_line = qf.video_format.extra_lines_top;  // No interlacing support.
+                       const uint8_t *y_src = qf.frame->data + qf.video_format.width * field_start_line;
+                       const uint8_t *cb_src = y_src + width * height;
+                       const uint8_t *cr_src = cb_src + (width / 2) * (height / 2);
+
+                       uint8_t *y_dst = (unsigned char *)surface_p + resources.image.offsets[0];
+                       uint8_t *cbcr_dst = (unsigned char *)surface_p + resources.image.offsets[1];
+
+                       memcpy_with_pitch(y_dst, y_src, qf.video_format.width, resources.image.pitches[0], qf.video_format.height);
+                       interleave_with_pitch(cbcr_dst, cb_src, cr_src, qf.video_format.width / 2, resources.image.pitches[1], qf.video_format.height / 2);
                }
 
                va_status = vaUnmapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.image.buf);
@@ -705,12 +843,12 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::encode_jpeg_va(QueuedFrame &&qf)
        header_parm.bit_length = 8 * va_data.jpeg_header.size();
 
        VABufferID header_parm_buffer;
-       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType, sizeof(header_parm), 1, &header_parm, &header_parm_buffer);
+       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.context, VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType, sizeof(header_parm), 1, &header_parm, &header_parm_buffer);
        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
        VABufferDestroyer destroy_header(va_dpy->va_dpy, header_parm_buffer);
 
        VABufferID header_data_buffer;
-       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, config_id, VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType, va_data.jpeg_header.size(), 1, va_data.jpeg_header.data(), &header_data_buffer);
+       va_status = vaCreateBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, resources.context, VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType, va_data.jpeg_header.size(), 1, va_data.jpeg_header.data(), &header_data_buffer);
        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
        VABufferDestroyer destroy_header_data(va_dpy->va_dpy, header_data_buffer);
 
@@ -752,6 +890,24 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::va_receiver_thread_func()
                        frames_encoding.pop();
                }
 
+               update_siphon_streams();
+
+               assert(global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.count(qf.card_index));  // Or should_encode_mjpeg_for_card() would have returned false.
+               int stream_index = global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export[qf.card_index];
+
+               HTTPD::StreamID multicam_id{ HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM, 0 };
+               HTTPD::StreamID siphon_id{ HTTPD::SIPHON_STREAM, qf.card_index };
+               assert(streams.count(multicam_id));
+               assert(streams[multicam_id].avctx != nullptr);
+
+               // Write audio before video, since Futatabi expects it.
+               if (qf.audio.size() > 0) {
+                       write_audio_packet(streams[multicam_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, stream_index + global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.size(), qf.audio);
+                       if (streams.count(siphon_id)) {
+                               write_audio_packet(streams[siphon_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, /*stream_index=*/1, qf.audio);
+                       }
+               }
+
                VAStatus va_status = vaSyncSurface(va_dpy->va_dpy, qf.resources.surface);
                CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaSyncSurface");
 
@@ -760,7 +916,10 @@ void MJPEGEncoder::va_receiver_thread_func()
                CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaMapBuffer");
 
                const uint8_t *coded_buf = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(segment->buf);
-               write_mjpeg_packet(qf.pts, qf.card_index, coded_buf, segment->size);
+               write_mjpeg_packet(streams[multicam_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, stream_index, coded_buf, segment->size);
+               if (streams.count(siphon_id)) {
+                       write_mjpeg_packet(streams[siphon_id].avctx.get(), qf.pts, /*stream_index=*/0, coded_buf, segment->size);
+               }
 
                va_status = vaUnmapBuffer(va_dpy->va_dpy, qf.resources.data_buffer);
                CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaUnmapBuffer");
@@ -774,26 +933,123 @@ vector<uint8_t> MJPEGEncoder::encode_jpeg_libjpeg(const QueuedFrame &qf)
 
        VectorDestinationManager dest;
        jpeg_compress_struct cinfo;
-       init_jpeg_422(width, height, &dest, &cinfo);
 
        size_t field_start_line = qf.video_format.extra_lines_top;  // No interlacing support.
-       size_t field_start = qf.cbcr_offset * 2 + qf.video_format.width * field_start_line * 2;
 
-       JSAMPROW yptr[8], cbptr[8], crptr[8];
-       JSAMPARRAY data[3] = { yptr, cbptr, crptr };
-       for (unsigned y = 0; y < qf.video_format.height; y += 8) {
-               const uint8_t *src = qf.frame->data_copy + field_start + y * qf.video_format.width * 2;
-
-               memcpy_interleaved(tmp_y, tmp_cbcr, src, qf.video_format.width * 8 * 2);
-               memcpy_interleaved(tmp_cb, tmp_cr, tmp_cbcr, qf.video_format.width * 8);
-               for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < 8; ++yy) {
-                       yptr[yy] = tmp_y + yy * width;
-                       cbptr[yy] = tmp_cb + yy * width / 2;
-                       crptr[yy] = tmp_cr + yy * width / 2;
+       PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *userdata = (PBOFrameAllocator::Userdata *)qf.frame->userdata;
+       if (userdata->pixel_format == PixelFormat_8BitYCbCr) {
+               init_jpeg(width, height, qf.white_balance, &dest, &cinfo, /*y_h_samp_factor=*/2, /*y_v_samp_factor=*/1);
+
+               assert(qf.frame->interleaved);
+               size_t field_start = qf.cbcr_offset * 2 + qf.video_format.width * field_start_line * 2;
+
+               JSAMPROW yptr[8], cbptr[8], crptr[8];
+               JSAMPARRAY data[3] = { yptr, cbptr, crptr };
+               for (unsigned y = 0; y < qf.video_format.height; y += 8) {
+                       const uint8_t *src;
+                       src = qf.frame->data_copy + field_start + y * qf.video_format.width * 2;
+
+                       memcpy_interleaved(tmp_cbcr, tmp_y, src, qf.video_format.width * 8 * 2);
+                       memcpy_interleaved(tmp_cb, tmp_cr, tmp_cbcr, qf.video_format.width * 8);
+                       for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < 8; ++yy) {
+                               yptr[yy] = tmp_y + yy * width;
+                               cbptr[yy] = tmp_cb + yy * width / 2;
+                               crptr[yy] = tmp_cr + yy * width / 2;
+                       }
+                       jpeg_write_raw_data(&cinfo, data, /*num_lines=*/8);
+               }
+       } else {
+               assert(userdata->pixel_format == PixelFormat_8BitYCbCrPlanar);
+
+               const movit::YCbCrFormat &ycbcr = userdata->ycbcr_format;
+               init_jpeg(width, height, qf.white_balance, &dest, &cinfo, ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_x, ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_y);
+               assert(ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_y <= 2);  // Or we'd need larger JSAMPROW arrays below.
+
+               size_t field_start_line = qf.video_format.extra_lines_top;  // No interlacing support.
+               const uint8_t *y_start = qf.frame->data + qf.video_format.width * field_start_line;
+               const uint8_t *cb_start = y_start + width * height;
+               const uint8_t *cr_start = cb_start + (width / ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_x) * (height / ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_y);
+
+               size_t block_height_y = 8 * ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_y;
+               size_t block_height_cbcr = 8;
+
+               JSAMPROW yptr[16], cbptr[16], crptr[16];
+               JSAMPARRAY data[3] = { yptr, cbptr, crptr };
+               for (unsigned y = 0; y < qf.video_format.height; y += block_height_y) {
+                       for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < block_height_y; ++yy) {
+                               yptr[yy] = const_cast<JSAMPROW>(y_start) + (y + yy) * width;
+                       }
+                       unsigned cbcr_y = y / ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_y;
+                       for (unsigned yy = 0; yy < block_height_cbcr; ++yy) {
+                               cbptr[yy] = const_cast<JSAMPROW>(cb_start) + (cbcr_y + yy) * width / ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_x;
+                               crptr[yy] = const_cast<JSAMPROW>(cr_start) + (cbcr_y + yy) * width / ycbcr.chroma_subsampling_x;
+                       }
+                       jpeg_write_raw_data(&cinfo, data, block_height_y);
                }
-               jpeg_write_raw_data(&cinfo, data, /*num_lines=*/8);
        }
        jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
 
        return dest.dest;
 }
+
+void MJPEGEncoder::add_stream(HTTPD::StreamID stream_id)
+{
+       AVFormatContextWithCloser avctx;
+
+       // Set up the mux. We don't use the Mux wrapper, because it's geared towards
+       // a situation with only one video stream (and possibly one audio stream)
+       // with known width/height, and we don't need the extra functionality it provides.
+       avctx.reset(avformat_alloc_context());
+       avctx->oformat = av_guess_format("nut", nullptr, nullptr);
+
+       uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)av_malloc(MUX_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       avctx->pb = avio_alloc_context(buf, MUX_BUFFER_SIZE, 1, &ffmpeg_contexts[stream_id], nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+       avctx->pb->write_data_type = &MJPEGEncoder::write_packet2_thunk;
+       avctx->flags = AVFMT_FLAG_CUSTOM_IO;
+
+       if (stream_id.type == HTTPD::MULTICAM_STREAM) {
+               for (unsigned card_idx = 0; card_idx < global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.size(); ++card_idx) {
+                       add_video_stream(avctx.get());
+               }
+               for (unsigned card_idx = 0; card_idx < global_flags.card_to_mjpeg_stream_export.size(); ++card_idx) {
+                       add_audio_stream(avctx.get());
+               }
+       } else {
+               assert(stream_id.type == HTTPD::SIPHON_STREAM);
+               add_video_stream(avctx.get());
+               add_audio_stream(avctx.get());
+       }
+       finalize_mux(avctx.get());
+
+       Stream s;
+       s.avctx = move(avctx);
+       streams[stream_id] = move(s);
+}
+
+void MJPEGEncoder::update_siphon_streams()
+{
+       // Bring the list of streams into sync with what the clients need.
+       for (auto it = streams.begin(); it != streams.end(); ) {
+               if (it->first.type != HTTPD::SIPHON_STREAM) {
+                       ++it;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (httpd->get_num_connected_siphon_clients(it->first.index) == 0) {
+                       av_free(it->second.avctx->pb->buffer);
+                       streams.erase(it++);
+               } else {
+                       ++it;
+               }
+       }
+       for (unsigned stream_idx = 0; stream_idx < MAX_VIDEO_CARDS; ++stream_idx) {
+               HTTPD::StreamID stream_id{ HTTPD::SIPHON_STREAM, stream_idx };
+               if (streams.count(stream_id) == 0 && httpd->get_num_connected_siphon_clients(stream_idx) > 0) {
+                       add_stream(stream_id);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void MJPEGEncoder::create_ffmpeg_context(HTTPD::StreamID stream_id)
+{
+       ffmpeg_contexts.emplace(stream_id, WritePacket2Context{ this, stream_id });
+}