2 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
4 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
6 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
7 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
15 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
21 * simple audio converter
23 * @example transcode_aac.c
24 * Convert an input audio file to AAC in an MP4 container using FFmpeg.
25 * @author Andreas Unterweger (dustsigns@gmail.com)
30 #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
31 #include "libavformat/avio.h"
33 #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
35 #include "libavutil/audio_fifo.h"
36 #include "libavutil/avassert.h"
37 #include "libavutil/avstring.h"
38 #include "libavutil/frame.h"
39 #include "libavutil/opt.h"
41 #include "libswresample/swresample.h"
43 /** The output bit rate in kbit/s */
44 #define OUTPUT_BIT_RATE 96000
45 /** The number of output channels */
46 #define OUTPUT_CHANNELS 2
49 * Convert an error code into a text message.
50 * @param error Error code to be converted
51 * @return Corresponding error text (not thread-safe)
53 static const char *get_error_text(const int error)
55 static char error_buffer[255];
56 av_strerror(error, error_buffer, sizeof(error_buffer));
60 /** Open an input file and the required decoder. */
61 static int open_input_file(const char *filename,
62 AVFormatContext **input_format_context,
63 AVCodecContext **input_codec_context)
68 /** Open the input file to read from it. */
69 if ((error = avformat_open_input(input_format_context, filename, NULL,
71 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s' (error '%s')\n",
72 filename, get_error_text(error));
73 *input_format_context = NULL;
77 /** Get information on the input file (number of streams etc.). */
78 if ((error = avformat_find_stream_info(*input_format_context, NULL)) < 0) {
79 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open find stream info (error '%s')\n",
80 get_error_text(error));
81 avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
85 /** Make sure that there is only one stream in the input file. */
86 if ((*input_format_context)->nb_streams != 1) {
87 fprintf(stderr, "Expected one audio input stream, but found %d\n",
88 (*input_format_context)->nb_streams);
89 avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
93 /** Find a decoder for the audio stream. */
94 if (!(input_codec = avcodec_find_decoder((*input_format_context)->streams[0]->codec->codec_id))) {
95 fprintf(stderr, "Could not find input codec\n");
96 avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
100 /** Open the decoder for the audio stream to use it later. */
101 if ((error = avcodec_open2((*input_format_context)->streams[0]->codec,
102 input_codec, NULL)) < 0) {
103 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input codec (error '%s')\n",
104 get_error_text(error));
105 avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
109 /** Save the decoder context for easier access later. */
110 *input_codec_context = (*input_format_context)->streams[0]->codec;
116 * Open an output file and the required encoder.
117 * Also set some basic encoder parameters.
118 * Some of these parameters are based on the input file's parameters.
120 static int open_output_file(const char *filename,
121 AVCodecContext *input_codec_context,
122 AVFormatContext **output_format_context,
123 AVCodecContext **output_codec_context)
125 AVIOContext *output_io_context = NULL;
126 AVStream *stream = NULL;
127 AVCodec *output_codec = NULL;
130 /** Open the output file to write to it. */
131 if ((error = avio_open(&output_io_context, filename,
132 AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) < 0) {
133 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file '%s' (error '%s')\n",
134 filename, get_error_text(error));
138 /** Create a new format context for the output container format. */
139 if (!(*output_format_context = avformat_alloc_context())) {
140 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate output format context\n");
141 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
144 /** Associate the output file (pointer) with the container format context. */
145 (*output_format_context)->pb = output_io_context;
147 /** Guess the desired container format based on the file extension. */
148 if (!((*output_format_context)->oformat = av_guess_format(NULL, filename,
150 fprintf(stderr, "Could not find output file format\n");
154 av_strlcpy((*output_format_context)->filename, filename,
155 sizeof((*output_format_context)->filename));
157 /** Find the encoder to be used by its name. */
158 if (!(output_codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_AAC))) {
159 fprintf(stderr, "Could not find an AAC encoder.\n");
163 /** Create a new audio stream in the output file container. */
164 if (!(stream = avformat_new_stream(*output_format_context, output_codec))) {
165 fprintf(stderr, "Could not create new stream\n");
166 error = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
170 /** Save the encoder context for easier access later. */
171 *output_codec_context = stream->codec;
174 * Set the basic encoder parameters.
175 * The input file's sample rate is used to avoid a sample rate conversion.
177 (*output_codec_context)->channels = OUTPUT_CHANNELS;
178 (*output_codec_context)->channel_layout = av_get_default_channel_layout(OUTPUT_CHANNELS);
179 (*output_codec_context)->sample_rate = input_codec_context->sample_rate;
180 (*output_codec_context)->sample_fmt = output_codec->sample_fmts[0];
181 (*output_codec_context)->bit_rate = OUTPUT_BIT_RATE;
183 /** Allow the use of the experimental AAC encoder */
184 (*output_codec_context)->strict_std_compliance = FF_COMPLIANCE_EXPERIMENTAL;
186 /** Set the sample rate for the container. */
187 stream->time_base.den = input_codec_context->sample_rate;
188 stream->time_base.num = 1;
191 * Some container formats (like MP4) require global headers to be present
192 * Mark the encoder so that it behaves accordingly.
194 if ((*output_format_context)->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
195 (*output_codec_context)->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
197 /** Open the encoder for the audio stream to use it later. */
198 if ((error = avcodec_open2(*output_codec_context, output_codec, NULL)) < 0) {
199 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output codec (error '%s')\n",
200 get_error_text(error));
207 avio_closep(&(*output_format_context)->pb);
208 avformat_free_context(*output_format_context);
209 *output_format_context = NULL;
210 return error < 0 ? error : AVERROR_EXIT;
213 /** Initialize one data packet for reading or writing. */
214 static void init_packet(AVPacket *packet)
216 av_init_packet(packet);
217 /** Set the packet data and size so that it is recognized as being empty. */
222 /** Initialize one audio frame for reading from the input file */
223 static int init_input_frame(AVFrame **frame)
225 if (!(*frame = av_frame_alloc())) {
226 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate input frame\n");
227 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
233 * Initialize the audio resampler based on the input and output codec settings.
234 * If the input and output sample formats differ, a conversion is required
235 * libswresample takes care of this, but requires initialization.
237 static int init_resampler(AVCodecContext *input_codec_context,
238 AVCodecContext *output_codec_context,
239 SwrContext **resample_context)
244 * Create a resampler context for the conversion.
245 * Set the conversion parameters.
246 * Default channel layouts based on the number of channels
247 * are assumed for simplicity (they are sometimes not detected
248 * properly by the demuxer and/or decoder).
250 *resample_context = swr_alloc_set_opts(NULL,
251 av_get_default_channel_layout(output_codec_context->channels),
252 output_codec_context->sample_fmt,
253 output_codec_context->sample_rate,
254 av_get_default_channel_layout(input_codec_context->channels),
255 input_codec_context->sample_fmt,
256 input_codec_context->sample_rate,
258 if (!*resample_context) {
259 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate resample context\n");
260 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
263 * Perform a sanity check so that the number of converted samples is
264 * not greater than the number of samples to be converted.
265 * If the sample rates differ, this case has to be handled differently
267 av_assert0(output_codec_context->sample_rate == input_codec_context->sample_rate);
269 /** Open the resampler with the specified parameters. */
270 if ((error = swr_init(*resample_context)) < 0) {
271 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open resample context\n");
272 swr_free(resample_context);
278 /** Initialize a FIFO buffer for the audio samples to be encoded. */
279 static int init_fifo(AVAudioFifo **fifo, AVCodecContext *output_codec_context)
281 /** Create the FIFO buffer based on the specified output sample format. */
282 if (!(*fifo = av_audio_fifo_alloc(output_codec_context->sample_fmt,
283 output_codec_context->channels, 1))) {
284 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate FIFO\n");
285 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
290 /** Write the header of the output file container. */
291 static int write_output_file_header(AVFormatContext *output_format_context)
294 if ((error = avformat_write_header(output_format_context, NULL)) < 0) {
295 fprintf(stderr, "Could not write output file header (error '%s')\n",
296 get_error_text(error));
302 /** Decode one audio frame from the input file. */
303 static int decode_audio_frame(AVFrame *frame,
304 AVFormatContext *input_format_context,
305 AVCodecContext *input_codec_context,
306 int *data_present, int *finished)
308 /** Packet used for temporary storage. */
309 AVPacket input_packet;
311 init_packet(&input_packet);
313 /** Read one audio frame from the input file into a temporary packet. */
314 if ((error = av_read_frame(input_format_context, &input_packet)) < 0) {
315 /** If we are at the end of the file, flush the decoder below. */
316 if (error == AVERROR_EOF)
319 fprintf(stderr, "Could not read frame (error '%s')\n",
320 get_error_text(error));
326 * Decode the audio frame stored in the temporary packet.
327 * The input audio stream decoder is used to do this.
328 * If we are at the end of the file, pass an empty packet to the decoder
331 if ((error = avcodec_decode_audio4(input_codec_context, frame,
332 data_present, &input_packet)) < 0) {
333 fprintf(stderr, "Could not decode frame (error '%s')\n",
334 get_error_text(error));
335 av_free_packet(&input_packet);
340 * If the decoder has not been flushed completely, we are not finished,
341 * so that this function has to be called again.
343 if (*finished && *data_present)
345 av_free_packet(&input_packet);
350 * Initialize a temporary storage for the specified number of audio samples.
351 * The conversion requires temporary storage due to the different format.
352 * The number of audio samples to be allocated is specified in frame_size.
354 static int init_converted_samples(uint8_t ***converted_input_samples,
355 AVCodecContext *output_codec_context,
361 * Allocate as many pointers as there are audio channels.
362 * Each pointer will later point to the audio samples of the corresponding
363 * channels (although it may be NULL for interleaved formats).
365 if (!(*converted_input_samples = calloc(output_codec_context->channels,
366 sizeof(**converted_input_samples)))) {
367 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate converted input sample pointers\n");
368 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
372 * Allocate memory for the samples of all channels in one consecutive
373 * block for convenience.
375 if ((error = av_samples_alloc(*converted_input_samples, NULL,
376 output_codec_context->channels,
378 output_codec_context->sample_fmt, 0)) < 0) {
380 "Could not allocate converted input samples (error '%s')\n",
381 get_error_text(error));
382 av_freep(&(*converted_input_samples)[0]);
383 free(*converted_input_samples);
390 * Convert the input audio samples into the output sample format.
391 * The conversion happens on a per-frame basis, the size of which is specified
394 static int convert_samples(const uint8_t **input_data,
395 uint8_t **converted_data, const int frame_size,
396 SwrContext *resample_context)
400 /** Convert the samples using the resampler. */
401 if ((error = swr_convert(resample_context,
402 converted_data, frame_size,
403 input_data , frame_size)) < 0) {
404 fprintf(stderr, "Could not convert input samples (error '%s')\n",
405 get_error_text(error));
412 /** Add converted input audio samples to the FIFO buffer for later processing. */
413 static int add_samples_to_fifo(AVAudioFifo *fifo,
414 uint8_t **converted_input_samples,
415 const int frame_size)
420 * Make the FIFO as large as it needs to be to hold both,
421 * the old and the new samples.
423 if ((error = av_audio_fifo_realloc(fifo, av_audio_fifo_size(fifo) + frame_size)) < 0) {
424 fprintf(stderr, "Could not reallocate FIFO\n");
428 /** Store the new samples in the FIFO buffer. */
429 if (av_audio_fifo_write(fifo, (void **)converted_input_samples,
430 frame_size) < frame_size) {
431 fprintf(stderr, "Could not write data to FIFO\n");
438 * Read one audio frame from the input file, decodes, converts and stores
439 * it in the FIFO buffer.
441 static int read_decode_convert_and_store(AVAudioFifo *fifo,
442 AVFormatContext *input_format_context,
443 AVCodecContext *input_codec_context,
444 AVCodecContext *output_codec_context,
445 SwrContext *resampler_context,
448 /** Temporary storage of the input samples of the frame read from the file. */
449 AVFrame *input_frame = NULL;
450 /** Temporary storage for the converted input samples. */
451 uint8_t **converted_input_samples = NULL;
453 int ret = AVERROR_EXIT;
455 /** Initialize temporary storage for one input frame. */
456 if (init_input_frame(&input_frame))
458 /** Decode one frame worth of audio samples. */
459 if (decode_audio_frame(input_frame, input_format_context,
460 input_codec_context, &data_present, finished))
463 * If we are at the end of the file and there are no more samples
464 * in the decoder which are delayed, we are actually finished.
465 * This must not be treated as an error.
467 if (*finished && !data_present) {
471 /** If there is decoded data, convert and store it */
473 /** Initialize the temporary storage for the converted input samples. */
474 if (init_converted_samples(&converted_input_samples, output_codec_context,
475 input_frame->nb_samples))
479 * Convert the input samples to the desired output sample format.
480 * This requires a temporary storage provided by converted_input_samples.
482 if (convert_samples((const uint8_t**)input_frame->extended_data, converted_input_samples,
483 input_frame->nb_samples, resampler_context))
486 /** Add the converted input samples to the FIFO buffer for later processing. */
487 if (add_samples_to_fifo(fifo, converted_input_samples,
488 input_frame->nb_samples))
495 if (converted_input_samples) {
496 av_freep(&converted_input_samples[0]);
497 free(converted_input_samples);
499 av_frame_free(&input_frame);
505 * Initialize one input frame for writing to the output file.
506 * The frame will be exactly frame_size samples large.
508 static int init_output_frame(AVFrame **frame,
509 AVCodecContext *output_codec_context,
514 /** Create a new frame to store the audio samples. */
515 if (!(*frame = av_frame_alloc())) {
516 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate output frame\n");
521 * Set the frame's parameters, especially its size and format.
522 * av_frame_get_buffer needs this to allocate memory for the
523 * audio samples of the frame.
524 * Default channel layouts based on the number of channels
525 * are assumed for simplicity.
527 (*frame)->nb_samples = frame_size;
528 (*frame)->channel_layout = output_codec_context->channel_layout;
529 (*frame)->format = output_codec_context->sample_fmt;
530 (*frame)->sample_rate = output_codec_context->sample_rate;
533 * Allocate the samples of the created frame. This call will make
534 * sure that the audio frame can hold as many samples as specified.
536 if ((error = av_frame_get_buffer(*frame, 0)) < 0) {
537 fprintf(stderr, "Could allocate output frame samples (error '%s')\n",
538 get_error_text(error));
539 av_frame_free(frame);
546 /** Global timestamp for the audio frames */
547 static int64_t pts = 0;
549 /** Encode one frame worth of audio to the output file. */
550 static int encode_audio_frame(AVFrame *frame,
551 AVFormatContext *output_format_context,
552 AVCodecContext *output_codec_context,
555 /** Packet used for temporary storage. */
556 AVPacket output_packet;
558 init_packet(&output_packet);
560 /** Set a timestamp based on the sample rate for the container. */
563 pts += frame->nb_samples;
567 * Encode the audio frame and store it in the temporary packet.
568 * The output audio stream encoder is used to do this.
570 if ((error = avcodec_encode_audio2(output_codec_context, &output_packet,
571 frame, data_present)) < 0) {
572 fprintf(stderr, "Could not encode frame (error '%s')\n",
573 get_error_text(error));
574 av_free_packet(&output_packet);
578 /** Write one audio frame from the temporary packet to the output file. */
580 if ((error = av_write_frame(output_format_context, &output_packet)) < 0) {
581 fprintf(stderr, "Could not write frame (error '%s')\n",
582 get_error_text(error));
583 av_free_packet(&output_packet);
587 av_free_packet(&output_packet);
594 * Load one audio frame from the FIFO buffer, encode and write it to the
597 static int load_encode_and_write(AVAudioFifo *fifo,
598 AVFormatContext *output_format_context,
599 AVCodecContext *output_codec_context)
601 /** Temporary storage of the output samples of the frame written to the file. */
602 AVFrame *output_frame;
604 * Use the maximum number of possible samples per frame.
605 * If there is less than the maximum possible frame size in the FIFO
606 * buffer use this number. Otherwise, use the maximum possible frame size
608 const int frame_size = FFMIN(av_audio_fifo_size(fifo),
609 output_codec_context->frame_size);
612 /** Initialize temporary storage for one output frame. */
613 if (init_output_frame(&output_frame, output_codec_context, frame_size))
617 * Read as many samples from the FIFO buffer as required to fill the frame.
618 * The samples are stored in the frame temporarily.
620 if (av_audio_fifo_read(fifo, (void **)output_frame->data, frame_size) < frame_size) {
621 fprintf(stderr, "Could not read data from FIFO\n");
622 av_frame_free(&output_frame);
626 /** Encode one frame worth of audio samples. */
627 if (encode_audio_frame(output_frame, output_format_context,
628 output_codec_context, &data_written)) {
629 av_frame_free(&output_frame);
632 av_frame_free(&output_frame);
636 /** Write the trailer of the output file container. */
637 static int write_output_file_trailer(AVFormatContext *output_format_context)
640 if ((error = av_write_trailer(output_format_context)) < 0) {
641 fprintf(stderr, "Could not write output file trailer (error '%s')\n",
642 get_error_text(error));
648 /** Convert an audio file to an AAC file in an MP4 container. */
649 int main(int argc, char **argv)
651 AVFormatContext *input_format_context = NULL, *output_format_context = NULL;
652 AVCodecContext *input_codec_context = NULL, *output_codec_context = NULL;
653 SwrContext *resample_context = NULL;
654 AVAudioFifo *fifo = NULL;
655 int ret = AVERROR_EXIT;
658 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
662 /** Register all codecs and formats so that they can be used. */
664 /** Open the input file for reading. */
665 if (open_input_file(argv[1], &input_format_context,
666 &input_codec_context))
668 /** Open the output file for writing. */
669 if (open_output_file(argv[2], input_codec_context,
670 &output_format_context, &output_codec_context))
672 /** Initialize the resampler to be able to convert audio sample formats. */
673 if (init_resampler(input_codec_context, output_codec_context,
676 /** Initialize the FIFO buffer to store audio samples to be encoded. */
677 if (init_fifo(&fifo, output_codec_context))
679 /** Write the header of the output file container. */
680 if (write_output_file_header(output_format_context))
684 * Loop as long as we have input samples to read or output samples
685 * to write; abort as soon as we have neither.
688 /** Use the encoder's desired frame size for processing. */
689 const int output_frame_size = output_codec_context->frame_size;
693 * Make sure that there is one frame worth of samples in the FIFO
694 * buffer so that the encoder can do its work.
695 * Since the decoder's and the encoder's frame size may differ, we
696 * need to FIFO buffer to store as many frames worth of input samples
697 * that they make up at least one frame worth of output samples.
699 while (av_audio_fifo_size(fifo) < output_frame_size) {
701 * Decode one frame worth of audio samples, convert it to the
702 * output sample format and put it into the FIFO buffer.
704 if (read_decode_convert_and_store(fifo, input_format_context,
706 output_codec_context,
707 resample_context, &finished))
711 * If we are at the end of the input file, we continue
712 * encoding the remaining audio samples to the output file.
719 * If we have enough samples for the encoder, we encode them.
720 * At the end of the file, we pass the remaining samples to
723 while (av_audio_fifo_size(fifo) >= output_frame_size ||
724 (finished && av_audio_fifo_size(fifo) > 0))
726 * Take one frame worth of audio samples from the FIFO buffer,
727 * encode it and write it to the output file.
729 if (load_encode_and_write(fifo, output_format_context,
730 output_codec_context))
734 * If we are at the end of the input file and have encoded
735 * all remaining samples, we can exit this loop and finish.
739 /** Flush the encoder as it may have delayed frames. */
741 if (encode_audio_frame(NULL, output_format_context,
742 output_codec_context, &data_written))
744 } while (data_written);
749 /** Write the trailer of the output file container. */
750 if (write_output_file_trailer(output_format_context))
756 av_audio_fifo_free(fifo);
757 swr_free(&resample_context);
758 if (output_codec_context)
759 avcodec_close(output_codec_context);
760 if (output_format_context) {
761 avio_closep(&output_format_context->pb);
762 avformat_free_context(output_format_context);
764 if (input_codec_context)
765 avcodec_close(input_codec_context);
766 if (input_format_context)
767 avformat_close_input(&input_format_context);