1 \input texinfo @c -*- texinfo -*-
2 @documentencoding UTF-8
4 @settitle ffmpeg Documentation
6 @center @titlefont{ffmpeg Documentation}
15 ffmpeg [@var{global_options}] @{[@var{input_file_options}] -i @file{input_url}@} ... @{[@var{output_file_options}] @file{output_url}@} ...
18 @c man begin DESCRIPTION
20 @command{ffmpeg} is a very fast video and audio converter that can also grab from
21 a live audio/video source. It can also convert between arbitrary sample
22 rates and resize video on the fly with a high quality polyphase filter.
24 @command{ffmpeg} reads from an arbitrary number of input "files" (which can be regular
25 files, pipes, network streams, grabbing devices, etc.), specified by the
26 @code{-i} option, and writes to an arbitrary number of output "files", which are
27 specified by a plain output url. Anything found on the command line which
28 cannot be interpreted as an option is considered to be an output url.
30 Each input or output url can, in principle, contain any number of streams of
31 different types (video/audio/subtitle/attachment/data). The allowed number and/or
32 types of streams may be limited by the container format. Selecting which
33 streams from which inputs will go into which output is either done automatically
34 or with the @code{-map} option (see the Stream selection chapter).
36 To refer to input files in options, you must use their indices (0-based). E.g.
37 the first input file is @code{0}, the second is @code{1}, etc. Similarly, streams
38 within a file are referred to by their indices. E.g. @code{2:3} refers to the
39 fourth stream in the third input file. Also see the Stream specifiers chapter.
41 As a general rule, options are applied to the next specified
42 file. Therefore, order is important, and you can have the same
43 option on the command line multiple times. Each occurrence is
44 then applied to the next input or output file.
45 Exceptions from this rule are the global options (e.g. verbosity level),
46 which should be specified first.
48 Do not mix input and output files -- first specify all input files, then all
49 output files. Also do not mix options which belong to different files. All
50 options apply ONLY to the next input or output file and are reset between files.
54 To set the video bitrate of the output file to 64 kbit/s:
56 ffmpeg -i input.avi -b:v 64k -bufsize 64k output.avi
60 To force the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:
62 ffmpeg -i input.avi -r 24 output.avi
66 To force the frame rate of the input file (valid for raw formats only)
67 to 1 fps and the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:
69 ffmpeg -r 1 -i input.m2v -r 24 output.avi
73 The format option may be needed for raw input files.
75 @c man end DESCRIPTION
77 @chapter Detailed description
78 @c man begin DETAILED DESCRIPTION
80 The transcoding process in @command{ffmpeg} for each output can be described by
81 the following diagram:
84 _______ ______________
86 | input | demuxer | encoded data | decoder
87 | file | ---------> | packets | -----+
88 |_______| |______________| |
95 ________ ______________ |
97 | output | <-------- | encoded data | <----+
98 | file | muxer | packets | encoder
99 |________| |______________|
104 @command{ffmpeg} calls the libavformat library (containing demuxers) to read
105 input files and get packets containing encoded data from them. When there are
106 multiple input files, @command{ffmpeg} tries to keep them synchronized by
107 tracking lowest timestamp on any active input stream.
109 Encoded packets are then passed to the decoder (unless streamcopy is selected
110 for the stream, see further for a description). The decoder produces
111 uncompressed frames (raw video/PCM audio/...) which can be processed further by
112 filtering (see next section). After filtering, the frames are passed to the
113 encoder, which encodes them and outputs encoded packets. Finally those are
114 passed to the muxer, which writes the encoded packets to the output file.
117 Before encoding, @command{ffmpeg} can process raw audio and video frames using
118 filters from the libavfilter library. Several chained filters form a filter
119 graph. @command{ffmpeg} distinguishes between two types of filtergraphs:
122 @subsection Simple filtergraphs
123 Simple filtergraphs are those that have exactly one input and output, both of
124 the same type. In the above diagram they can be represented by simply inserting
125 an additional step between decoding and encoding:
128 _________ ______________
130 | decoded | | encoded data |
131 | frames |\ _ | packets |
132 |_________| \ /||______________|
134 simple _\|| | / encoder
135 filtergraph | filtered |/
141 Simple filtergraphs are configured with the per-stream @option{-filter} option
142 (with @option{-vf} and @option{-af} aliases for video and audio respectively).
143 A simple filtergraph for video can look for example like this:
146 _______ _____________ _______ ________
148 | input | ---> | deinterlace | ---> | scale | ---> | output |
149 |_______| |_____________| |_______| |________|
153 Note that some filters change frame properties but not frame contents. E.g. the
154 @code{fps} filter in the example above changes number of frames, but does not
155 touch the frame contents. Another example is the @code{setpts} filter, which
156 only sets timestamps and otherwise passes the frames unchanged.
158 @subsection Complex filtergraphs
159 Complex filtergraphs are those which cannot be described as simply a linear
160 processing chain applied to one stream. This is the case, for example, when the graph has
161 more than one input and/or output, or when output stream type is different from
162 input. They can be represented with the following diagram:
167 | input 0 |\ __________
169 \ _________ /| output 0 |
171 _________ \| complex | /
173 | input 1 |---->| filter |\
174 |_________| | | \ __________
177 _________ / |_________| |__________|
184 Complex filtergraphs are configured with the @option{-filter_complex} option.
185 Note that this option is global, since a complex filtergraph, by its nature,
186 cannot be unambiguously associated with a single stream or file.
188 The @option{-lavfi} option is equivalent to @option{-filter_complex}.
190 A trivial example of a complex filtergraph is the @code{overlay} filter, which
191 has two video inputs and one video output, containing one video overlaid on top
192 of the other. Its audio counterpart is the @code{amix} filter.
195 Stream copy is a mode selected by supplying the @code{copy} parameter to the
196 @option{-codec} option. It makes @command{ffmpeg} omit the decoding and encoding
197 step for the specified stream, so it does only demuxing and muxing. It is useful
198 for changing the container format or modifying container-level metadata. The
199 diagram above will, in this case, simplify to this:
202 _______ ______________ ________
204 | input | demuxer | encoded data | muxer | output |
205 | file | ---------> | packets | -------> | file |
206 |_______| |______________| |________|
210 Since there is no decoding or encoding, it is very fast and there is no quality
211 loss. However, it might not work in some cases because of many factors. Applying
212 filters is obviously also impossible, since filters work on uncompressed data.
214 @c man end DETAILED DESCRIPTION
216 @chapter Stream selection
217 @c man begin STREAM SELECTION
219 @command{ffmpeg} provides the @code{-map} option for manual control of stream selection in each
220 output file. Users can skip @code{-map} and let ffmpeg perform automatic stream selection as
221 described below. The @code{-vn / -an / -sn / -dn} options can be used to skip inclusion of
222 video, audio, subtitle and data streams respectively, whether manually mapped or automatically
223 selected, except for those streams which are outputs of complex filtergraphs.
226 The sub-sections that follow describe the various rules that are involved in stream selection.
227 The examples that follow next show how these rules are applied in practice.
229 While every effort is made to accurately reflect the behavior of the program, FFmpeg is under
230 continuous development and the code may have changed since the time of this writing.
232 @subsection Automatic stream selection
234 In the absence of any map options for a particular output file, ffmpeg inspects the output
235 format to check which type of streams can be included in it, viz. video, audio and/or
236 subtitles. For each acceptable stream type, ffmpeg will pick one stream, when available,
237 from among all the inputs.
239 It will select that stream based upon the following criteria:
242 for video, it is the stream with the highest resolution,
244 for audio, it is the stream with the most channels,
246 for subtitles, it is the first subtitle stream found but there's a caveat.
247 The output format's default subtitle encoder can be either text-based or image-based,
248 and only a subtitle stream of the same type will be chosen.
251 In the case where several streams of the same type rate equally, the stream with the lowest
254 Data or attachment streams are not automatically selected and can only be included
256 @subsection Manual stream selection
258 When @code{-map} is used, only user-mapped streams are included in that output file,
259 with one possible exception for filtergraph outputs described below.
261 @subsection Complex filtergraphs
263 If there are any complex filtergraph output streams with unlabeled pads, they will be added
264 to the first output file. This will lead to a fatal error if the stream type is not supported
265 by the output format. In the absence of the map option, the inclusion of these streams leads
266 to the automatic stream selection of their types being skipped. If map options are present,
267 these filtergraph streams are included in addition to the mapped streams.
269 Complex filtergraph output streams with labeled pads must be mapped once and exactly once.
271 @subsection Stream handling
273 Stream handling is independent of stream selection, with an exception for subtitles described
274 below. Stream handling is set via the @code{-codec} option addressed to streams within a
275 specific @emph{output} file. In particular, codec options are applied by ffmpeg after the
276 stream selection process and thus do not influence the latter. If no @code{-codec} option is
277 specified for a stream type, ffmpeg will select the default encoder registered by the output
280 An exception exists for subtitles. If a subtitle encoder is specified for an output file, the
281 first subtitle stream found of any type, text or image, will be included. ffmpeg does not validate
282 if the specified encoder can convert the selected stream or if the converted stream is acceptable
283 within the output format. This applies generally as well: when the user sets an encoder manually,
284 the stream selection process cannot check if the encoded stream can be muxed into the output file.
285 If it cannot, ffmpeg will abort and @emph{all} output files will fail to be processed.
289 The following examples illustrate the behavior, quirks and limitations of ffmpeg's stream
292 They assume the following three input files.
297 stream 0: video 640x360
298 stream 1: audio 2 channels
301 stream 0: video 1920x1080
302 stream 1: audio 2 channels
303 stream 2: subtitles (text)
304 stream 3: audio 5.1 channels
305 stream 4: subtitles (text)
308 stream 0: video 1280x720
309 stream 1: audio 2 channels
310 stream 2: subtitles (image)
313 @subsubheading Example: automatic stream selection
315 ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 out1.mkv out2.wav -map 1:a -c:a copy out3.mov
317 There are three output files specified, and for the first two, no @code{-map} options
318 are set, so ffmpeg will select streams for these two files automatically.
320 @file{out1.mkv} is a Matroska container file and accepts video, audio and subtitle streams,
321 so ffmpeg will try to select one of each type.@*
322 For video, it will select @code{stream 0} from @file{B.mp4}, which has the highest
323 resolution among all the input video streams.@*
324 For audio, it will select @code{stream 3} from @file{B.mp4}, since it has the greatest
325 number of channels.@*
326 For subtitles, it will select @code{stream 2} from @file{B.mp4}, which is the first subtitle
327 stream from among @file{A.avi} and @file{B.mp4}.
329 @file{out2.wav} accepts only audio streams, so only @code{stream 3} from @file{B.mp4} is
332 For @file{out3.mov}, since a @code{-map} option is set, no automatic stream selection will
333 occur. The @code{-map 1:a} option will select all audio streams from the second input
334 @file{B.mp4}. No other streams will be included in this output file.
336 For the first two outputs, all included streams will be transcoded. The encoders chosen will
337 be the default ones registered by each output format, which may not match the codec of the
338 selected input streams.
340 For the third output, codec option for audio streams has been set
341 to @code{copy}, so no decoding-filtering-encoding operations will occur, or @emph{can} occur.
342 Packets of selected streams shall be conveyed from the input file and muxed within the output
345 @subsubheading Example: automatic subtitles selection
347 ffmpeg -i C.mkv out1.mkv -c:s dvdsub -an out2.mkv
349 Although @file{out1.mkv} is a Matroska container file which accepts subtitle streams, only a
350 video and audio stream shall be selected. The subtitle stream of @file{C.mkv} is image-based
351 and the default subtitle encoder of the Matroska muxer is text-based, so a transcode operation
352 for the subtitles is expected to fail and hence the stream isn't selected. However, in
353 @file{out2.mkv}, a subtitle encoder is specified in the command and so, the subtitle stream is
354 selected, in addition to the video stream. The presence of @code{-an} disables audio stream
355 selection for @file{out2.mkv}.
357 @subsubheading Example: unlabeled filtergraph outputs
359 ffmpeg -i A.avi -i C.mkv -i B.mp4 -filter_complex "overlay" out1.mp4 out2.srt
361 A filtergraph is setup here using the @code{-filter_complex} option and consists of a single
362 video filter. The @code{overlay} filter requires exactly two video inputs, but none are
363 specified, so the first two available video streams are used, those of @file{A.avi} and
364 @file{C.mkv}. The output pad of the filter has no label and so is sent to the first output file
365 @file{out1.mp4}. Due to this, automatic selection of the video stream is skipped, which would
366 have selected the stream in @file{B.mp4}. The audio stream with most channels viz. @code{stream 3}
367 in @file{B.mp4}, is chosen automatically. No subtitle stream is chosen however, since the MP4
368 format has no default subtitle encoder registered, and the user hasn't specified a subtitle encoder.
370 The 2nd output file, @file{out2.srt}, only accepts text-based subtitle streams. So, even though
371 the first subtitle stream available belongs to @file{C.mkv}, it is image-based and hence skipped.
372 The selected stream, @code{stream 2} in @file{B.mp4}, is the first text-based subtitle stream.
374 @subsubheading Example: labeled filtergraph outputs
376 ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0[outv];overlay;aresample" \
377 -map '[outv]' -an out1.mp4 \
379 -map '[outv]' -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv
382 The above command will fail, as the output pad labelled @code{[outv]} has been mapped twice.
383 None of the output files shall be processed.
386 ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0[outv];overlay;aresample" \
392 This command above will also fail as the hue filter output has a label, @code{[outv]},
393 and hasn't been mapped anywhere.
395 The command should be modified as follows,
397 ffmpeg -i A.avi -i B.mp4 -i C.mkv -filter_complex "[1:v]hue=s=0,split=2[outv1][outv2];overlay;aresample" \
398 -map '[outv1]' -an out1.mp4 \
400 -map '[outv2]' -map 1:a:0 out3.mkv
402 The video stream from @file{B.mp4} is sent to the hue filter, whose output is cloned once using
403 the split filter, and both outputs labelled. Then a copy each is mapped to the first and third
406 The overlay filter, requiring two video inputs, uses the first two unused video streams. Those
407 are the streams from @file{A.avi} and @file{C.mkv}. The overlay output isn't labelled, so it is
408 sent to the first output file @file{out1.mp4}, regardless of the presence of the @code{-map} option.
410 The aresample filter is sent the first unused audio stream, that of @file{A.avi}. Since this filter
411 output is also unlabelled, it too is mapped to the first output file. The presence of @code{-an}
412 only suppresses automatic or manual stream selection of audio streams, not outputs sent from
413 filtergraphs. Both these mapped streams shall be ordered before the mapped stream in @file{out1.mp4}.
415 The video, audio and subtitle streams mapped to @code{out2.mkv} are entirely determined by
416 automatic stream selection.
418 @file{out3.mkv} consists of the cloned video output from the hue filter and the first audio
419 stream from @file{B.mp4}.
422 @c man end STREAM SELECTION
427 @include fftools-common-opts.texi
429 @section Main options
433 @item -f @var{fmt} (@emph{input/output})
434 Force input or output file format. The format is normally auto detected for input
435 files and guessed from the file extension for output files, so this option is not
436 needed in most cases.
438 @item -i @var{url} (@emph{input})
441 @item -y (@emph{global})
442 Overwrite output files without asking.
444 @item -n (@emph{global})
445 Do not overwrite output files, and exit immediately if a specified
446 output file already exists.
448 @item -stream_loop @var{number} (@emph{input})
449 Set number of times input stream shall be looped. Loop 0 means no loop,
450 loop -1 means infinite loop.
452 @item -c[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{codec} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
453 @itemx -codec[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{codec} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
454 Select an encoder (when used before an output file) or a decoder (when used
455 before an input file) for one or more streams. @var{codec} is the name of a
456 decoder/encoder or a special value @code{copy} (output only) to indicate that
457 the stream is not to be re-encoded.
461 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c:v libx264 -c:a copy OUTPUT
463 encodes all video streams with libx264 and copies all audio streams.
465 For each stream, the last matching @code{c} option is applied, so
467 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c copy -c:v:1 libx264 -c:a:137 libvorbis OUTPUT
469 will copy all the streams except the second video, which will be encoded with
470 libx264, and the 138th audio, which will be encoded with libvorbis.
472 @item -t @var{duration} (@emph{input/output})
473 When used as an input option (before @code{-i}), limit the @var{duration} of
474 data read from the input file.
476 When used as an output option (before an output url), stop writing the
477 output after its duration reaches @var{duration}.
479 @var{duration} must be a time duration specification,
480 see @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
482 -to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.
484 @item -to @var{position} (@emph{input/output})
485 Stop writing the output or reading the input at @var{position}.
486 @var{position} must be a time duration specification,
487 see @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
489 -to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.
491 @item -fs @var{limit_size} (@emph{output})
492 Set the file size limit, expressed in bytes. No further chunk of bytes is written
493 after the limit is exceeded. The size of the output file is slightly more than the
496 @item -ss @var{position} (@emph{input/output})
497 When used as an input option (before @code{-i}), seeks in this input file to
498 @var{position}. Note that in most formats it is not possible to seek exactly,
499 so @command{ffmpeg} will seek to the closest seek point before @var{position}.
500 When transcoding and @option{-accurate_seek} is enabled (the default), this
501 extra segment between the seek point and @var{position} will be decoded and
502 discarded. When doing stream copy or when @option{-noaccurate_seek} is used, it
505 When used as an output option (before an output url), decodes but discards
506 input until the timestamps reach @var{position}.
508 @var{position} must be a time duration specification,
509 see @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
511 @item -sseof @var{position} (@emph{input})
513 Like the @code{-ss} option but relative to the "end of file". That is negative
514 values are earlier in the file, 0 is at EOF.
516 @item -itsoffset @var{offset} (@emph{input})
517 Set the input time offset.
519 @var{offset} must be a time duration specification,
520 see @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
522 The offset is added to the timestamps of the input files. Specifying
523 a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed by
524 the time duration specified in @var{offset}.
526 @item -itsscale @var{scale} (@emph{input,per-stream})
527 Rescale input timestamps. @var{scale} should be a floating point number.
529 @item -timestamp @var{date} (@emph{output})
530 Set the recording timestamp in the container.
532 @var{date} must be a date specification,
533 see @ref{date syntax,,the Date section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
535 @item -metadata[:metadata_specifier] @var{key}=@var{value} (@emph{output,per-metadata})
536 Set a metadata key/value pair.
538 An optional @var{metadata_specifier} may be given to set metadata
539 on streams, chapters or programs. See @code{-map_metadata}
540 documentation for details.
542 This option overrides metadata set with @code{-map_metadata}. It is
543 also possible to delete metadata by using an empty value.
545 For example, for setting the title in the output file:
547 ffmpeg -i in.avi -metadata title="my title" out.flv
550 To set the language of the first audio stream:
552 ffmpeg -i INPUT -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng OUTPUT
555 @item -disposition[:stream_specifier] @var{value} (@emph{output,per-stream})
556 Sets the disposition for a stream.
558 This option overrides the disposition copied from the input stream. It is also
559 possible to delete the disposition by setting it to 0.
561 The following dispositions are recognized:
570 @item hearing_impaired
571 @item visual_impaired
580 For example, to make the second audio stream the default stream:
582 ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:a:1 default out.mkv
585 To make the second subtitle stream the default stream and remove the default
586 disposition from the first subtitle stream:
588 ffmpeg -i in.mkv -c copy -disposition:s:0 0 -disposition:s:1 default out.mkv
591 To add an embedded cover/thumbnail:
593 ffmpeg -i in.mp4 -i IMAGE -map 0 -map 1 -c copy -c:v:1 png -disposition:v:1 attached_pic out.mp4
596 Not all muxers support embedded thumbnails, and those who do, only support a few formats, like JPEG or PNG.
598 @item -program [title=@var{title}:][program_num=@var{program_num}:]st=@var{stream}[:st=@var{stream}...] (@emph{output})
600 Creates a program with the specified @var{title}, @var{program_num} and adds the specified
601 @var{stream}(s) to it.
603 @item -target @var{type} (@emph{output})
604 Specify target file type (@code{vcd}, @code{svcd}, @code{dvd}, @code{dv},
605 @code{dv50}). @var{type} may be prefixed with @code{pal-}, @code{ntsc-} or
606 @code{film-} to use the corresponding standard. All the format options
607 (bitrate, codecs, buffer sizes) are then set automatically. You can just type:
610 ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd /tmp/vcd.mpg
613 Nevertheless you can specify additional options as long as you know
614 they do not conflict with the standard, as in:
617 ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd -bf 2 /tmp/vcd.mpg
620 @item -dn (@emph{input/output})
621 As an input option, blocks all data streams of a file from being filtered or
622 being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See @code{-discard}
623 option to disable streams individually.
625 As an output option, disables data recording i.e. automatic selection or
626 mapping of any data stream. For full manual control see the @code{-map}
629 @item -dframes @var{number} (@emph{output})
630 Set the number of data frames to output. This is an obsolete alias for
631 @code{-frames:d}, which you should use instead.
633 @item -frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{framecount} (@emph{output,per-stream})
634 Stop writing to the stream after @var{framecount} frames.
636 @item -q[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{q} (@emph{output,per-stream})
637 @itemx -qscale[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{q} (@emph{output,per-stream})
638 Use fixed quality scale (VBR). The meaning of @var{q}/@var{qscale} is
640 If @var{qscale} is used without a @var{stream_specifier} then it applies only
641 to the video stream, this is to maintain compatibility with previous behavior
642 and as specifying the same codec specific value to 2 different codecs that is
643 audio and video generally is not what is intended when no stream_specifier is
646 @anchor{filter_option}
647 @item -filter[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{filtergraph} (@emph{output,per-stream})
648 Create the filtergraph specified by @var{filtergraph} and use it to
651 @var{filtergraph} is a description of the filtergraph to apply to
652 the stream, and must have a single input and a single output of the
653 same type of the stream. In the filtergraph, the input is associated
654 to the label @code{in}, and the output to the label @code{out}. See
655 the ffmpeg-filters manual for more information about the filtergraph
658 See the @ref{filter_complex_option,,-filter_complex option} if you
659 want to create filtergraphs with multiple inputs and/or outputs.
661 @item -filter_script[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{filename} (@emph{output,per-stream})
662 This option is similar to @option{-filter}, the only difference is that its
663 argument is the name of the file from which a filtergraph description is to be
666 @item -filter_threads @var{nb_threads} (@emph{global})
667 Defines how many threads are used to process a filter pipeline. Each pipeline
668 will produce a thread pool with this many threads available for parallel processing.
669 The default is the number of available CPUs.
671 @item -pre[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{preset_name} (@emph{output,per-stream})
672 Specify the preset for matching stream(s).
674 @item -stats (@emph{global})
675 Print encoding progress/statistics. It is on by default, to explicitly
676 disable it you need to specify @code{-nostats}.
678 @item -stats_period @var{time} (@emph{global})
679 Set period at which encoding progress/statistics are updated. Default is 0.5 seconds.
681 @item -progress @var{url} (@emph{global})
682 Send program-friendly progress information to @var{url}.
684 Progress information is written periodically and at the end of
685 the encoding process. It is made of "@var{key}=@var{value}" lines. @var{key}
686 consists of only alphanumeric characters. The last key of a sequence of
687 progress information is always "progress".
689 The update period is set using @code{-stats_period}.
691 @anchor{stdin option}
693 Enable interaction on standard input. On by default unless standard input is
694 used as an input. To explicitly disable interaction you need to specify
697 Disabling interaction on standard input is useful, for example, if
698 ffmpeg is in the background process group. Roughly the same result can
699 be achieved with @code{ffmpeg ... < /dev/null} but it requires a
702 @item -debug_ts (@emph{global})
703 Print timestamp information. It is off by default. This option is
704 mostly useful for testing and debugging purposes, and the output
705 format may change from one version to another, so it should not be
706 employed by portable scripts.
708 See also the option @code{-fdebug ts}.
710 @item -attach @var{filename} (@emph{output})
711 Add an attachment to the output file. This is supported by a few formats
712 like Matroska for e.g. fonts used in rendering subtitles. Attachments
713 are implemented as a specific type of stream, so this option will add
714 a new stream to the file. It is then possible to use per-stream options
715 on this stream in the usual way. Attachment streams created with this
716 option will be created after all the other streams (i.e. those created
717 with @code{-map} or automatic mappings).
719 Note that for Matroska you also have to set the mimetype metadata tag:
721 ffmpeg -i INPUT -attach DejaVuSans.ttf -metadata:s:2 mimetype=application/x-truetype-font out.mkv
723 (assuming that the attachment stream will be third in the output file).
725 @item -dump_attachment[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{filename} (@emph{input,per-stream})
726 Extract the matching attachment stream into a file named @var{filename}. If
727 @var{filename} is empty, then the value of the @code{filename} metadata tag
730 E.g. to extract the first attachment to a file named 'out.ttf':
732 ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t:0 out.ttf -i INPUT
734 To extract all attachments to files determined by the @code{filename} tag:
736 ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t "" -i INPUT
739 Technical note -- attachments are implemented as codec extradata, so this
740 option can actually be used to extract extradata from any stream, not just
744 @section Video Options
747 @item -vframes @var{number} (@emph{output})
748 Set the number of video frames to output. This is an obsolete alias for
749 @code{-frames:v}, which you should use instead.
750 @item -r[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{fps} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
751 Set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).
753 As an input option, ignore any timestamps stored in the file and instead
754 generate timestamps assuming constant frame rate @var{fps}.
755 This is not the same as the @option{-framerate} option used for some input formats
756 like image2 or v4l2 (it used to be the same in older versions of FFmpeg).
757 If in doubt use @option{-framerate} instead of the input option @option{-r}.
759 As an output option, duplicate or drop input frames to achieve constant output
760 frame rate @var{fps}.
762 @item -fpsmax[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{fps} (@emph{output,per-stream})
763 Set maximum frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).
765 Clamps output frame rate when output framerate is auto-set and is higher than this value.
766 Useful in batch processing or when input framerate is wrongly detected as very high.
767 It cannot be set together with @code{-r}. It is ignored during streamcopy.
769 @item -s[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{size} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
772 As an input option, this is a shortcut for the @option{video_size} private
773 option, recognized by some demuxers for which the frame size is either not
774 stored in the file or is configurable -- e.g. raw video or video grabbers.
776 As an output option, this inserts the @code{scale} video filter to the
777 @emph{end} of the corresponding filtergraph. Please use the @code{scale} filter
778 directly to insert it at the beginning or some other place.
780 The format is @samp{wxh} (default - same as source).
782 @item -aspect[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{aspect} (@emph{output,per-stream})
783 Set the video display aspect ratio specified by @var{aspect}.
785 @var{aspect} can be a floating point number string, or a string of the
786 form @var{num}:@var{den}, where @var{num} and @var{den} are the
787 numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. For example "4:3",
788 "16:9", "1.3333", and "1.7777" are valid argument values.
790 If used together with @option{-vcodec copy}, it will affect the aspect ratio
791 stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded
792 frames, if it exists.
794 @item -vn (@emph{input/output})
795 As an input option, blocks all video streams of a file from being filtered or
796 being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See @code{-discard}
797 option to disable streams individually.
799 As an output option, disables video recording i.e. automatic selection or
800 mapping of any video stream. For full manual control see the @code{-map}
803 @item -vcodec @var{codec} (@emph{output})
804 Set the video codec. This is an alias for @code{-codec:v}.
806 @item -pass[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{n} (@emph{output,per-stream})
807 Select the pass number (1 or 2). It is used to do two-pass
808 video encoding. The statistics of the video are recorded in the first
809 pass into a log file (see also the option -passlogfile),
810 and in the second pass that log file is used to generate the video
811 at the exact requested bitrate.
812 On pass 1, you may just deactivate audio and set output to null,
813 examples for Windows and Unix:
815 ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y NUL
816 ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y /dev/null
819 @item -passlogfile[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{prefix} (@emph{output,per-stream})
820 Set two-pass log file name prefix to @var{prefix}, the default file name
821 prefix is ``ffmpeg2pass''. The complete file name will be
822 @file{PREFIX-N.log}, where N is a number specific to the output
825 @item -vf @var{filtergraph} (@emph{output})
826 Create the filtergraph specified by @var{filtergraph} and use it to
829 This is an alias for @code{-filter:v}, see the @ref{filter_option,,-filter option}.
832 Automatically rotate the video according to file metadata. Enabled by
833 default, use @option{-noautorotate} to disable it.
836 Automatically scale the video according to the resolution of first frame.
837 Enabled by default, use @option{-noautoscale} to disable it. When autoscale is
838 disabled, all output frames of filter graph might not be in the same resolution
839 and may be inadequate for some encoder/muxer. Therefore, it is not recommended
840 to disable it unless you really know what you are doing.
841 Disable autoscale at your own risk.
844 @section Advanced Video options
847 @item -pix_fmt[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{format} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
848 Set pixel format. Use @code{-pix_fmts} to show all the supported
850 If the selected pixel format can not be selected, ffmpeg will print a
851 warning and select the best pixel format supported by the encoder.
852 If @var{pix_fmt} is prefixed by a @code{+}, ffmpeg will exit with an error
853 if the requested pixel format can not be selected, and automatic conversions
854 inside filtergraphs are disabled.
855 If @var{pix_fmt} is a single @code{+}, ffmpeg selects the same pixel format
856 as the input (or graph output) and automatic conversions are disabled.
858 @item -sws_flags @var{flags} (@emph{input/output})
861 @item -rc_override[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{override} (@emph{output,per-stream})
862 Rate control override for specific intervals, formatted as "int,int,int"
863 list separated with slashes. Two first values are the beginning and
864 end frame numbers, last one is quantizer to use if positive, or quality
868 Force interlacing support in encoder (MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 only).
869 Use this option if your input file is interlaced and you want
870 to keep the interlaced format for minimum losses.
871 The alternative is to deinterlace the input stream by use of a filter
872 such as @code{yadif} or @code{bwdif}, but deinterlacing introduces losses.
874 Calculate PSNR of compressed frames.
876 Dump video coding statistics to @file{vstats_HHMMSS.log}.
877 @item -vstats_file @var{file}
878 Dump video coding statistics to @var{file}.
879 @item -vstats_version @var{file}
880 Specifies which version of the vstats format to use. Default is 2.
884 @code{frame= %5d q= %2.1f PSNR= %6.2f f_size= %6d s_size= %8.0fkB time= %0.3f br= %7.1fkbits/s avg_br= %7.1fkbits/s}
888 @code{out= %2d st= %2d frame= %5d q= %2.1f PSNR= %6.2f f_size= %6d s_size= %8.0fkB time= %0.3f br= %7.1fkbits/s avg_br= %7.1fkbits/s}
889 @item -top[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{n} (@emph{output,per-stream})
890 top=1/bottom=0/auto=-1 field first
891 @item -dc @var{precision}
893 @item -vtag @var{fourcc/tag} (@emph{output})
894 Force video tag/fourcc. This is an alias for @code{-tag:v}.
895 @item -qphist (@emph{global})
897 @item -vbsf @var{bitstream_filter}
900 @item -force_key_frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{time}[,@var{time}...] (@emph{output,per-stream})
901 @item -force_key_frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] expr:@var{expr} (@emph{output,per-stream})
902 @item -force_key_frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] source (@emph{output,per-stream})
904 @var{force_key_frames} can take arguments of the following form:
908 @item @var{time}[,@var{time}...]
909 If the argument consists of timestamps, ffmpeg will round the specified times to the nearest
910 output timestamp as per the encoder time base and force a keyframe at the first frame having
911 timestamp equal or greater than the computed timestamp. Note that if the encoder time base is too
912 coarse, then the keyframes may be forced on frames with timestamps lower than the specified time.
913 The default encoder time base is the inverse of the output framerate but may be set otherwise
914 via @code{-enc_time_base}.
916 If one of the times is "@code{chapters}[@var{delta}]", it is expanded into
917 the time of the beginning of all chapters in the file, shifted by
918 @var{delta}, expressed as a time in seconds.
919 This option can be useful to ensure that a seek point is present at a
920 chapter mark or any other designated place in the output file.
922 For example, to insert a key frame at 5 minutes, plus key frames 0.1 second
923 before the beginning of every chapter:
925 -force_key_frames 0:05:00,chapters-0.1
928 @item expr:@var{expr}
929 If the argument is prefixed with @code{expr:}, the string @var{expr}
930 is interpreted like an expression and is evaluated for each frame. A
931 key frame is forced in case the evaluation is non-zero.
933 The expression in @var{expr} can contain the following constants:
936 the number of current processed frame, starting from 0
938 the number of forced frames
940 the number of the previous forced frame, it is @code{NAN} when no
941 keyframe was forced yet
943 the time of the previous forced frame, it is @code{NAN} when no
944 keyframe was forced yet
946 the time of the current processed frame
949 For example to force a key frame every 5 seconds, you can specify:
951 -force_key_frames expr:gte(t,n_forced*5)
954 To force a key frame 5 seconds after the time of the last forced one,
955 starting from second 13:
957 -force_key_frames expr:if(isnan(prev_forced_t),gte(t,13),gte(t,prev_forced_t+5))
961 If the argument is @code{source}, ffmpeg will force a key frame if
962 the current frame being encoded is marked as a key frame in its source.
966 Note that forcing too many keyframes is very harmful for the lookahead
967 algorithms of certain encoders: using fixed-GOP options or similar
968 would be more efficient.
970 @item -copyinkf[:@var{stream_specifier}] (@emph{output,per-stream})
971 When doing stream copy, copy also non-key frames found at the
974 @item -init_hw_device @var{type}[=@var{name}][:@var{device}[,@var{key=value}...]]
975 Initialise a new hardware device of type @var{type} called @var{name}, using the
976 given device parameters.
977 If no name is specified it will receive a default name of the form "@var{type}%d".
979 The meaning of @var{device} and the following arguments depends on the
984 @var{device} is the number of the CUDA device.
987 @var{device} is the number of the Direct3D 9 display adapter.
990 @var{device} is either an X11 display name or a DRM render node.
991 If not specified, it will attempt to open the default X11 display (@emph{$DISPLAY})
992 and then the first DRM render node (@emph{/dev/dri/renderD128}).
995 @var{device} is an X11 display name.
996 If not specified, it will attempt to open the default X11 display (@emph{$DISPLAY}).
999 @var{device} selects a value in @samp{MFX_IMPL_*}. Allowed values are:
1010 If not specified, @samp{auto_any} is used.
1011 (Note that it may be easier to achieve the desired result for QSV by creating the
1012 platform-appropriate subdevice (@samp{dxva2} or @samp{vaapi}) and then deriving a
1013 QSV device from that.)
1016 @var{device} selects the platform and device as @emph{platform_index.device_index}.
1018 The set of devices can also be filtered using the key-value pairs to find only
1019 devices matching particular platform or device strings.
1021 The strings usable as filters are:
1023 @item platform_profile
1024 @item platform_version
1026 @item platform_vendor
1027 @item platform_extensions
1030 @item driver_version
1031 @item device_version
1032 @item device_profile
1033 @item device_extensions
1037 The indices and filters must together uniquely select a device.
1041 @item -init_hw_device opencl:0.1
1042 Choose the second device on the first platform.
1044 @item -init_hw_device opencl:,device_name=Foo9000
1045 Choose the device with a name containing the string @emph{Foo9000}.
1047 @item -init_hw_device opencl:1,device_type=gpu,device_extensions=cl_khr_fp16
1048 Choose the GPU device on the second platform supporting the @emph{cl_khr_fp16}
1053 If @var{device} is an integer, it selects the device by its index in a
1054 system-dependent list of devices. If @var{device} is any other string, it
1055 selects the first device with a name containing that string as a substring.
1057 The following options are recognized:
1060 If set to 1, enables the validation layer, if installed.
1062 If set to 1, images allocated by the hwcontext will be linear and locally mappable.
1063 @item instance_extensions
1064 A plus separated list of additional instance extensions to enable.
1065 @item device_extensions
1066 A plus separated list of additional device extensions to enable.
1071 @item -init_hw_device vulkan:1
1072 Choose the second device on the system.
1074 @item -init_hw_device vulkan:RADV
1075 Choose the first device with a name containing the string @emph{RADV}.
1077 @item -init_hw_device vulkan:0,instance_extensions=VK_KHR_wayland_surface+VK_KHR_xcb_surface
1078 Choose the first device and enable the Wayland and XCB instance extensions.
1083 @item -init_hw_device @var{type}[=@var{name}]@@@var{source}
1084 Initialise a new hardware device of type @var{type} called @var{name},
1085 deriving it from the existing device with the name @var{source}.
1087 @item -init_hw_device list
1088 List all hardware device types supported in this build of ffmpeg.
1090 @item -filter_hw_device @var{name}
1091 Pass the hardware device called @var{name} to all filters in any filter graph.
1092 This can be used to set the device to upload to with the @code{hwupload} filter,
1093 or the device to map to with the @code{hwmap} filter. Other filters may also
1094 make use of this parameter when they require a hardware device. Note that this
1095 is typically only required when the input is not already in hardware frames -
1096 when it is, filters will derive the device they require from the context of the
1097 frames they receive as input.
1099 This is a global setting, so all filters will receive the same device.
1101 @item -hwaccel[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{hwaccel} (@emph{input,per-stream})
1102 Use hardware acceleration to decode the matching stream(s). The allowed values
1103 of @var{hwaccel} are:
1106 Do not use any hardware acceleration (the default).
1109 Automatically select the hardware acceleration method.
1112 Use VDPAU (Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix) hardware acceleration.
1115 Use DXVA2 (DirectX Video Acceleration) hardware acceleration.
1118 Use VAAPI (Video Acceleration API) hardware acceleration.
1121 Use the Intel QuickSync Video acceleration for video transcoding.
1123 Unlike most other values, this option does not enable accelerated decoding (that
1124 is used automatically whenever a qsv decoder is selected), but accelerated
1125 transcoding, without copying the frames into the system memory.
1127 For it to work, both the decoder and the encoder must support QSV acceleration
1128 and no filters must be used.
1131 This option has no effect if the selected hwaccel is not available or not
1132 supported by the chosen decoder.
1134 Note that most acceleration methods are intended for playback and will not be
1135 faster than software decoding on modern CPUs. Additionally, @command{ffmpeg}
1136 will usually need to copy the decoded frames from the GPU memory into the system
1137 memory, resulting in further performance loss. This option is thus mainly
1140 @item -hwaccel_device[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{hwaccel_device} (@emph{input,per-stream})
1141 Select a device to use for hardware acceleration.
1143 This option only makes sense when the @option{-hwaccel} option is also specified.
1144 It can either refer to an existing device created with @option{-init_hw_device}
1145 by name, or it can create a new device as if
1146 @samp{-init_hw_device} @var{type}:@var{hwaccel_device}
1147 were called immediately before.
1150 List all hardware acceleration methods supported in this build of ffmpeg.
1154 @section Audio Options
1157 @item -aframes @var{number} (@emph{output})
1158 Set the number of audio frames to output. This is an obsolete alias for
1159 @code{-frames:a}, which you should use instead.
1160 @item -ar[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{freq} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
1161 Set the audio sampling frequency. For output streams it is set by
1162 default to the frequency of the corresponding input stream. For input
1163 streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw
1164 demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.
1165 @item -aq @var{q} (@emph{output})
1166 Set the audio quality (codec-specific, VBR). This is an alias for -q:a.
1167 @item -ac[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{channels} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
1168 Set the number of audio channels. For output streams it is set by
1169 default to the number of input audio channels. For input streams
1170 this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers
1171 and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.
1172 @item -an (@emph{input/output})
1173 As an input option, blocks all audio streams of a file from being filtered or
1174 being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See @code{-discard}
1175 option to disable streams individually.
1177 As an output option, disables audio recording i.e. automatic selection or
1178 mapping of any audio stream. For full manual control see the @code{-map}
1180 @item -acodec @var{codec} (@emph{input/output})
1181 Set the audio codec. This is an alias for @code{-codec:a}.
1182 @item -sample_fmt[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{sample_fmt} (@emph{output,per-stream})
1183 Set the audio sample format. Use @code{-sample_fmts} to get a list
1184 of supported sample formats.
1186 @item -af @var{filtergraph} (@emph{output})
1187 Create the filtergraph specified by @var{filtergraph} and use it to
1190 This is an alias for @code{-filter:a}, see the @ref{filter_option,,-filter option}.
1193 @section Advanced Audio options
1196 @item -atag @var{fourcc/tag} (@emph{output})
1197 Force audio tag/fourcc. This is an alias for @code{-tag:a}.
1198 @item -absf @var{bitstream_filter}
1199 Deprecated, see -bsf
1200 @item -guess_layout_max @var{channels} (@emph{input,per-stream})
1201 If some input channel layout is not known, try to guess only if it
1202 corresponds to at most the specified number of channels. For example, 2
1203 tells to @command{ffmpeg} to recognize 1 channel as mono and 2 channels as
1204 stereo but not 6 channels as 5.1. The default is to always try to guess. Use
1205 0 to disable all guessing.
1208 @section Subtitle options
1211 @item -scodec @var{codec} (@emph{input/output})
1212 Set the subtitle codec. This is an alias for @code{-codec:s}.
1213 @item -sn (@emph{input/output})
1214 As an input option, blocks all subtitle streams of a file from being filtered or
1215 being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See @code{-discard}
1216 option to disable streams individually.
1218 As an output option, disables subtitle recording i.e. automatic selection or
1219 mapping of any subtitle stream. For full manual control see the @code{-map}
1221 @item -sbsf @var{bitstream_filter}
1222 Deprecated, see -bsf
1225 @section Advanced Subtitle options
1229 @item -fix_sub_duration
1230 Fix subtitles durations. For each subtitle, wait for the next packet in the
1231 same stream and adjust the duration of the first to avoid overlap. This is
1232 necessary with some subtitles codecs, especially DVB subtitles, because the
1233 duration in the original packet is only a rough estimate and the end is
1234 actually marked by an empty subtitle frame. Failing to use this option when
1235 necessary can result in exaggerated durations or muxing failures due to
1236 non-monotonic timestamps.
1238 Note that this option will delay the output of all data until the next
1239 subtitle packet is decoded: it may increase memory consumption and latency a
1242 @item -canvas_size @var{size}
1243 Set the size of the canvas used to render subtitles.
1247 @section Advanced options
1250 @item -map [-]@var{input_file_id}[:@var{stream_specifier}][?][,@var{sync_file_id}[:@var{stream_specifier}]] | @var{[linklabel]} (@emph{output})
1252 Designate one or more input streams as a source for the output file. Each input
1253 stream is identified by the input file index @var{input_file_id} and
1254 the input stream index @var{input_stream_id} within the input
1255 file. Both indices start at 0. If specified,
1256 @var{sync_file_id}:@var{stream_specifier} sets which input stream
1257 is used as a presentation sync reference.
1259 The first @code{-map} option on the command line specifies the
1260 source for output stream 0, the second @code{-map} option specifies
1261 the source for output stream 1, etc.
1263 A @code{-} character before the stream identifier creates a "negative" mapping.
1264 It disables matching streams from already created mappings.
1266 A trailing @code{?} after the stream index will allow the map to be
1267 optional: if the map matches no streams the map will be ignored instead
1268 of failing. Note the map will still fail if an invalid input file index
1269 is used; such as if the map refers to a non-existent input.
1271 An alternative @var{[linklabel]} form will map outputs from complex filter
1272 graphs (see the @option{-filter_complex} option) to the output file.
1273 @var{linklabel} must correspond to a defined output link label in the graph.
1275 For example, to map ALL streams from the first input file to output
1277 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 output
1280 For example, if you have two audio streams in the first input file,
1281 these streams are identified by "0:0" and "0:1". You can use
1282 @code{-map} to select which streams to place in an output file. For
1285 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:1 out.wav
1287 will map the input stream in @file{INPUT} identified by "0:1" to
1288 the (single) output stream in @file{out.wav}.
1290 For example, to select the stream with index 2 from input file
1291 @file{a.mov} (specified by the identifier "0:2"), and stream with
1292 index 6 from input @file{b.mov} (specified by the identifier "1:6"),
1293 and copy them to the output file @file{out.mov}:
1295 ffmpeg -i a.mov -i b.mov -c copy -map 0:2 -map 1:6 out.mov
1298 To select all video and the third audio stream from an input file:
1300 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a:2 OUTPUT
1303 To map all the streams except the second audio, use negative mappings
1305 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -map -0:a:1 OUTPUT
1308 To map the video and audio streams from the first input, and using the
1309 trailing @code{?}, ignore the audio mapping if no audio streams exist in
1312 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a? OUTPUT
1315 To pick the English audio stream:
1317 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:m:language:eng OUTPUT
1320 Note that using this option disables the default mappings for this output file.
1322 @item -ignore_unknown
1323 Ignore input streams with unknown type instead of failing if copying
1324 such streams is attempted.
1327 Allow input streams with unknown type to be copied instead of failing if copying
1328 such streams is attempted.
1330 @item -map_channel [@var{input_file_id}.@var{stream_specifier}.@var{channel_id}|-1][?][:@var{output_file_id}.@var{stream_specifier}]
1331 Map an audio channel from a given input to an output. If
1332 @var{output_file_id}.@var{stream_specifier} is not set, the audio channel will
1333 be mapped on all the audio streams.
1335 Using "-1" instead of
1336 @var{input_file_id}.@var{stream_specifier}.@var{channel_id} will map a muted
1339 A trailing @code{?} will allow the map_channel to be
1340 optional: if the map_channel matches no channel the map_channel will be ignored instead
1343 For example, assuming @var{INPUT} is a stereo audio file, you can switch the
1344 two audio channels with the following command:
1346 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.1 -map_channel 0.0.0 OUTPUT
1349 If you want to mute the first channel and keep the second:
1351 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel -1 -map_channel 0.0.1 OUTPUT
1354 The order of the "-map_channel" option specifies the order of the channels in
1355 the output stream. The output channel layout is guessed from the number of
1356 channels mapped (mono if one "-map_channel", stereo if two, etc.). Using "-ac"
1357 in combination of "-map_channel" makes the channel gain levels to be updated if
1358 input and output channel layouts don't match (for instance two "-map_channel"
1359 options and "-ac 6").
1361 You can also extract each channel of an input to specific outputs; the following
1362 command extracts two channels of the @var{INPUT} audio stream (file 0, stream 0)
1363 to the respective @var{OUTPUT_CH0} and @var{OUTPUT_CH1} outputs:
1365 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.0 OUTPUT_CH0 -map_channel 0.0.1 OUTPUT_CH1
1368 The following example splits the channels of a stereo input into two separate
1369 streams, which are put into the same output file:
1371 ffmpeg -i stereo.wav -map 0:0 -map 0:0 -map_channel 0.0.0:0.0 -map_channel 0.0.1:0.1 -y out.ogg
1374 Note that currently each output stream can only contain channels from a single
1375 input stream; you can't for example use "-map_channel" to pick multiple input
1376 audio channels contained in different streams (from the same or different files)
1377 and merge them into a single output stream. It is therefore not currently
1378 possible, for example, to turn two separate mono streams into a single stereo
1379 stream. However splitting a stereo stream into two single channel mono streams
1382 If you need this feature, a possible workaround is to use the @emph{amerge}
1383 filter. For example, if you need to merge a media (here @file{input.mkv}) with 2
1384 mono audio streams into one single stereo channel audio stream (and keep the
1385 video stream), you can use the following command:
1387 ffmpeg -i input.mkv -filter_complex "[0:1] [0:2] amerge" -c:a pcm_s16le -c:v copy output.mkv
1390 To map the first two audio channels from the first input, and using the
1391 trailing @code{?}, ignore the audio channel mapping if the first input is
1392 mono instead of stereo:
1394 ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.0 -map_channel 0.0.1? OUTPUT
1397 @item -map_metadata[:@var{metadata_spec_out}] @var{infile}[:@var{metadata_spec_in}] (@emph{output,per-metadata})
1398 Set metadata information of the next output file from @var{infile}. Note that
1399 those are file indices (zero-based), not filenames.
1400 Optional @var{metadata_spec_in/out} parameters specify, which metadata to copy.
1401 A metadata specifier can have the following forms:
1404 global metadata, i.e. metadata that applies to the whole file
1406 @item @var{s}[:@var{stream_spec}]
1407 per-stream metadata. @var{stream_spec} is a stream specifier as described
1408 in the @ref{Stream specifiers} chapter. In an input metadata specifier, the first
1409 matching stream is copied from. In an output metadata specifier, all matching
1410 streams are copied to.
1412 @item @var{c}:@var{chapter_index}
1413 per-chapter metadata. @var{chapter_index} is the zero-based chapter index.
1415 @item @var{p}:@var{program_index}
1416 per-program metadata. @var{program_index} is the zero-based program index.
1418 If metadata specifier is omitted, it defaults to global.
1420 By default, global metadata is copied from the first input file,
1421 per-stream and per-chapter metadata is copied along with streams/chapters. These
1422 default mappings are disabled by creating any mapping of the relevant type. A negative
1423 file index can be used to create a dummy mapping that just disables automatic copying.
1425 For example to copy metadata from the first stream of the input file to global metadata
1428 ffmpeg -i in.ogg -map_metadata 0:s:0 out.mp3
1431 To do the reverse, i.e. copy global metadata to all audio streams:
1433 ffmpeg -i in.mkv -map_metadata:s:a 0:g out.mkv
1435 Note that simple @code{0} would work as well in this example, since global
1436 metadata is assumed by default.
1438 @item -map_chapters @var{input_file_index} (@emph{output})
1439 Copy chapters from input file with index @var{input_file_index} to the next
1440 output file. If no chapter mapping is specified, then chapters are copied from
1441 the first input file with at least one chapter. Use a negative file index to
1442 disable any chapter copying.
1444 @item -benchmark (@emph{global})
1445 Show benchmarking information at the end of an encode.
1446 Shows real, system and user time used and maximum memory consumption.
1447 Maximum memory consumption is not supported on all systems,
1448 it will usually display as 0 if not supported.
1449 @item -benchmark_all (@emph{global})
1450 Show benchmarking information during the encode.
1451 Shows real, system and user time used in various steps (audio/video encode/decode).
1452 @item -timelimit @var{duration} (@emph{global})
1453 Exit after ffmpeg has been running for @var{duration} seconds in CPU user time.
1454 @item -dump (@emph{global})
1455 Dump each input packet to stderr.
1456 @item -hex (@emph{global})
1457 When dumping packets, also dump the payload.
1458 @item -re (@emph{input})
1459 Read input at native frame rate. Mainly used to simulate a grab device,
1460 or live input stream (e.g. when reading from a file). Should not be used
1461 with actual grab devices or live input streams (where it can cause packet
1463 By default @command{ffmpeg} attempts to read the input(s) as fast as possible.
1464 This option will slow down the reading of the input(s) to the native frame rate
1465 of the input(s). It is useful for real-time output (e.g. live streaming).
1466 @item -vsync @var{parameter}
1468 For compatibility reasons old values can be specified as numbers.
1469 Newly added values will have to be specified as strings always.
1472 @item 0, passthrough
1473 Each frame is passed with its timestamp from the demuxer to the muxer.
1475 Frames will be duplicated and dropped to achieve exactly the requested
1476 constant frame rate.
1478 Frames are passed through with their timestamp or dropped so as to
1479 prevent 2 frames from having the same timestamp.
1481 As passthrough but destroys all timestamps, making the muxer generate
1482 fresh timestamps based on frame-rate.
1484 Chooses between 1 and 2 depending on muxer capabilities. This is the
1488 Note that the timestamps may be further modified by the muxer, after this.
1489 For example, in the case that the format option @option{avoid_negative_ts}
1492 With -map you can select from which stream the timestamps should be
1493 taken. You can leave either video or audio unchanged and sync the
1494 remaining stream(s) to the unchanged one.
1496 @item -frame_drop_threshold @var{parameter}
1497 Frame drop threshold, which specifies how much behind video frames can
1498 be before they are dropped. In frame rate units, so 1.0 is one frame.
1499 The default is -1.1. One possible usecase is to avoid framedrops in case
1500 of noisy timestamps or to increase frame drop precision in case of exact
1503 @item -async @var{samples_per_second}
1504 Audio sync method. "Stretches/squeezes" the audio stream to match the timestamps,
1505 the parameter is the maximum samples per second by which the audio is changed.
1506 -async 1 is a special case where only the start of the audio stream is corrected
1507 without any later correction.
1509 Note that the timestamps may be further modified by the muxer, after this.
1510 For example, in the case that the format option @option{avoid_negative_ts}
1513 This option has been deprecated. Use the @code{aresample} audio filter instead.
1515 @item -adrift_threshold @var{time}
1516 Set the minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger
1517 adding/dropping samples to make it match the timestamps. This option effectively is
1518 a threshold to select between hard (add/drop) and soft (squeeze/stretch) compensation.
1519 @code{-async} must be set to a positive value.
1521 @item -apad @var{parameters} (@emph{output,per-stream})
1522 Pad the output audio stream(s). This is the same as applying @code{-af apad}.
1523 Argument is a string of filter parameters composed the same as with the @code{apad} filter.
1524 @code{-shortest} must be set for this output for the option to take effect.
1527 Do not process input timestamps, but keep their values without trying
1528 to sanitize them. In particular, do not remove the initial start time
1531 Note that, depending on the @option{vsync} option or on specific muxer
1532 processing (e.g. in case the format option @option{avoid_negative_ts}
1533 is enabled) the output timestamps may mismatch with the input
1534 timestamps even when this option is selected.
1536 @item -start_at_zero
1537 When used with @option{copyts}, shift input timestamps so they start at zero.
1539 This means that using e.g. @code{-ss 50} will make output timestamps start at
1540 50 seconds, regardless of what timestamp the input file started at.
1542 @item -copytb @var{mode}
1543 Specify how to set the encoder timebase when stream copying. @var{mode} is an
1544 integer numeric value, and can assume one of the following values:
1548 Use the demuxer timebase.
1550 The time base is copied to the output encoder from the corresponding input
1551 demuxer. This is sometimes required to avoid non monotonically increasing
1552 timestamps when copying video streams with variable frame rate.
1555 Use the decoder timebase.
1557 The time base is copied to the output encoder from the corresponding input
1561 Try to make the choice automatically, in order to generate a sane output.
1564 Default value is -1.
1566 @item -enc_time_base[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{timebase} (@emph{output,per-stream})
1567 Set the encoder timebase. @var{timebase} is a floating point number,
1568 and can assume one of the following values:
1572 Assign a default value according to the media type.
1574 For video - use 1/framerate, for audio - use 1/samplerate.
1577 Use the input stream timebase when possible.
1579 If an input stream is not available, the default timebase will be used.
1582 Use the provided number as the timebase.
1584 This field can be provided as a ratio of two integers (e.g. 1:24, 1:48000)
1585 or as a floating point number (e.g. 0.04166, 2.0833e-5)
1590 @item -bitexact (@emph{input/output})
1591 Enable bitexact mode for (de)muxer and (de/en)coder
1592 @item -shortest (@emph{output})
1593 Finish encoding when the shortest input stream ends.
1594 @item -dts_delta_threshold
1595 Timestamp discontinuity delta threshold.
1596 @item -dts_error_threshold @var{seconds}
1597 Timestamp error delta threshold. This threshold use to discard crazy/damaged
1598 timestamps and the default is 30 hours which is arbitrarily picked and quite
1600 @item -muxdelay @var{seconds} (@emph{output})
1601 Set the maximum demux-decode delay.
1602 @item -muxpreload @var{seconds} (@emph{output})
1603 Set the initial demux-decode delay.
1604 @item -streamid @var{output-stream-index}:@var{new-value} (@emph{output})
1605 Assign a new stream-id value to an output stream. This option should be
1606 specified prior to the output filename to which it applies.
1607 For the situation where multiple output files exist, a streamid
1608 may be reassigned to a different value.
1610 For example, to set the stream 0 PID to 33 and the stream 1 PID to 36 for
1611 an output mpegts file:
1613 ffmpeg -i inurl -streamid 0:33 -streamid 1:36 out.ts
1616 @item -bsf[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{bitstream_filters} (@emph{output,per-stream})
1617 Set bitstream filters for matching streams. @var{bitstream_filters} is
1618 a comma-separated list of bitstream filters. Use the @code{-bsfs} option
1619 to get the list of bitstream filters.
1621 ffmpeg -i h264.mp4 -c:v copy -bsf:v h264_mp4toannexb -an out.h264
1624 ffmpeg -i file.mov -an -vn -bsf:s mov2textsub -c:s copy -f rawvideo sub.txt
1627 @item -tag[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{codec_tag} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
1628 Force a tag/fourcc for matching streams.
1630 @item -timecode @var{hh}:@var{mm}:@var{ss}SEP@var{ff}
1631 Specify Timecode for writing. @var{SEP} is ':' for non drop timecode and ';'
1634 ffmpeg -i input.mpg -timecode 01:02:03.04 -r 30000/1001 -s ntsc output.mpg
1637 @anchor{filter_complex_option}
1638 @item -filter_complex @var{filtergraph} (@emph{global})
1639 Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of inputs and/or
1640 outputs. For simple graphs -- those with one input and one output of the same
1641 type -- see the @option{-filter} options. @var{filtergraph} is a description of
1642 the filtergraph, as described in the ``Filtergraph syntax'' section of the
1643 ffmpeg-filters manual.
1645 Input link labels must refer to input streams using the
1646 @code{[file_index:stream_specifier]} syntax (i.e. the same as @option{-map}
1647 uses). If @var{stream_specifier} matches multiple streams, the first one will be
1648 used. An unlabeled input will be connected to the first unused input stream of
1651 Output link labels are referred to with @option{-map}. Unlabeled outputs are
1652 added to the first output file.
1654 Note that with this option it is possible to use only lavfi sources without
1657 For example, to overlay an image over video
1659 ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex '[0:v][1:v]overlay[out]' -map
1662 Here @code{[0:v]} refers to the first video stream in the first input file,
1663 which is linked to the first (main) input of the overlay filter. Similarly the
1664 first video stream in the second input is linked to the second (overlay) input
1667 Assuming there is only one video stream in each input file, we can omit input
1668 labels, so the above is equivalent to
1670 ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay[out]' -map
1674 Furthermore we can omit the output label and the single output from the filter
1675 graph will be added to the output file automatically, so we can simply write
1677 ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay' out.mkv
1680 As a special exception, you can use a bitmap subtitle stream as input: it
1681 will be converted into a video with the same size as the largest video in
1682 the file, or 720x576 if no video is present. Note that this is an
1683 experimental and temporary solution. It will be removed once libavfilter has
1684 proper support for subtitles.
1686 For example, to hardcode subtitles on top of a DVB-T recording stored in
1687 MPEG-TS format, delaying the subtitles by 1 second:
1689 ffmpeg -i input.ts -filter_complex \
1690 '[#0x2ef] setpts=PTS+1/TB [sub] ; [#0x2d0] [sub] overlay' \
1691 -sn -map '#0x2dc' output.mkv
1693 (0x2d0, 0x2dc and 0x2ef are the MPEG-TS PIDs of respectively the video,
1694 audio and subtitles streams; 0:0, 0:3 and 0:7 would have worked too)
1696 To generate 5 seconds of pure red video using lavfi @code{color} source:
1698 ffmpeg -filter_complex 'color=c=red' -t 5 out.mkv
1701 @item -filter_complex_threads @var{nb_threads} (@emph{global})
1702 Defines how many threads are used to process a filter_complex graph.
1703 Similar to filter_threads but used for @code{-filter_complex} graphs only.
1704 The default is the number of available CPUs.
1706 @item -lavfi @var{filtergraph} (@emph{global})
1707 Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of inputs and/or
1708 outputs. Equivalent to @option{-filter_complex}.
1710 @item -filter_complex_script @var{filename} (@emph{global})
1711 This option is similar to @option{-filter_complex}, the only difference is that
1712 its argument is the name of the file from which a complex filtergraph
1713 description is to be read.
1715 @item -accurate_seek (@emph{input})
1716 This option enables or disables accurate seeking in input files with the
1717 @option{-ss} option. It is enabled by default, so seeking is accurate when
1718 transcoding. Use @option{-noaccurate_seek} to disable it, which may be useful
1719 e.g. when copying some streams and transcoding the others.
1721 @item -seek_timestamp (@emph{input})
1722 This option enables or disables seeking by timestamp in input files with the
1723 @option{-ss} option. It is disabled by default. If enabled, the argument
1724 to the @option{-ss} option is considered an actual timestamp, and is not
1725 offset by the start time of the file. This matters only for files which do
1726 not start from timestamp 0, such as transport streams.
1728 @item -thread_queue_size @var{size} (@emph{input})
1729 This option sets the maximum number of queued packets when reading from the
1730 file or device. With low latency / high rate live streams, packets may be
1731 discarded if they are not read in a timely manner; setting this value can
1732 force ffmpeg to use a separate input thread and read packets as soon as they
1733 arrive. By default ffmpeg only do this if multiple inputs are specified.
1735 @item -sdp_file @var{file} (@emph{global})
1736 Print sdp information for an output stream to @var{file}.
1737 This allows dumping sdp information when at least one output isn't an
1738 rtp stream. (Requires at least one of the output formats to be rtp).
1740 @item -discard (@emph{input})
1741 Allows discarding specific streams or frames from streams.
1742 Any input stream can be fully discarded, using value @code{all} whereas
1743 selective discarding of frames from a stream occurs at the demuxer
1744 and is not supported by all demuxers.
1751 Default, which discards no frames.
1754 Discard all non-reference frames.
1757 Discard all bidirectional frames.
1760 Discard all frames excepts keyframes.
1766 @item -abort_on @var{flags} (@emph{global})
1767 Stop and abort on various conditions. The following flags are available:
1771 No packets were passed to the muxer, the output is empty.
1772 @item empty_output_stream
1773 No packets were passed to the muxer in some of the output streams.
1776 @item -max_error_rate (@emph{global})
1777 Set fraction of decoding frame failures across all inputs which when crossed
1778 ffmpeg will return exit code 69. Crossing this threshold does not terminate
1779 processing. Range is a floating-point number between 0 to 1. Default is 2/3.
1781 @item -xerror (@emph{global})
1782 Stop and exit on error
1784 @item -max_muxing_queue_size @var{packets} (@emph{output,per-stream})
1785 When transcoding audio and/or video streams, ffmpeg will not begin writing into
1786 the output until it has one packet for each such stream. While waiting for that
1787 to happen, packets for other streams are buffered. This option sets the size of
1788 this buffer, in packets, for the matching output stream.
1790 The default value of this option should be high enough for most uses, so only
1791 touch this option if you are sure that you need it.
1793 @item -muxing_queue_data_threshold @var{bytes} (@emph{output,per-stream})
1794 This is a minimum threshold until which the muxing queue size is not taken into
1795 account. Defaults to 50 megabytes per stream, and is based on the overall size
1796 of packets passed to the muxer.
1798 @item -auto_conversion_filters (@emph{global})
1799 Enable automatically inserting format conversion filters in all filter
1800 graphs, including those defined by @option{-vf}, @option{-af},
1801 @option{-filter_complex} and @option{-lavfi}. If filter format negotiation
1802 requires a conversion, the initialization of the filters will fail.
1803 Conversions can still be performed by inserting the relevant conversion
1804 filter (scale, aresample) in the graph.
1805 On by default, to explicitly disable it you need to specify
1806 @code{-noauto_conversion_filters}.
1810 @section Preset files
1811 A preset file contains a sequence of @var{option}=@var{value} pairs,
1812 one for each line, specifying a sequence of options which would be
1813 awkward to specify on the command line. Lines starting with the hash
1814 ('#') character are ignored and are used to provide comments. Check
1815 the @file{presets} directory in the FFmpeg source tree for examples.
1817 There are two types of preset files: ffpreset and avpreset files.
1819 @subsection ffpreset files
1820 ffpreset files are specified with the @code{vpre}, @code{apre},
1821 @code{spre}, and @code{fpre} options. The @code{fpre} option takes the
1822 filename of the preset instead of a preset name as input and can be
1823 used for any kind of codec. For the @code{vpre}, @code{apre}, and
1824 @code{spre} options, the options specified in a preset file are
1825 applied to the currently selected codec of the same type as the preset
1828 The argument passed to the @code{vpre}, @code{apre}, and @code{spre}
1829 preset options identifies the preset file to use according to the
1832 First ffmpeg searches for a file named @var{arg}.ffpreset in the
1833 directories @file{$FFMPEG_DATADIR} (if set), and @file{$HOME/.ffmpeg}, and in
1834 the datadir defined at configuration time (usually @file{PREFIX/share/ffmpeg})
1835 or in a @file{ffpresets} folder along the executable on win32,
1836 in that order. For example, if the argument is @code{libvpx-1080p}, it will
1837 search for the file @file{libvpx-1080p.ffpreset}.
1839 If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named
1840 @var{codec_name}-@var{arg}.ffpreset in the above-mentioned
1841 directories, where @var{codec_name} is the name of the codec to which
1842 the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you select
1843 the video codec with @code{-vcodec libvpx} and use @code{-vpre 1080p},
1844 then it will search for the file @file{libvpx-1080p.ffpreset}.
1846 @subsection avpreset files
1847 avpreset files are specified with the @code{pre} option. They work similar to
1848 ffpreset files, but they only allow encoder- specific options. Therefore, an
1849 @var{option}=@var{value} pair specifying an encoder cannot be used.
1851 When the @code{pre} option is specified, ffmpeg will look for files with the
1852 suffix .avpreset in the directories @file{$AVCONV_DATADIR} (if set), and
1853 @file{$HOME/.avconv}, and in the datadir defined at configuration time (usually
1854 @file{PREFIX/share/ffmpeg}), in that order.
1856 First ffmpeg searches for a file named @var{codec_name}-@var{arg}.avpreset in
1857 the above-mentioned directories, where @var{codec_name} is the name of the codec
1858 to which the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you select the
1859 video codec with @code{-vcodec libvpx} and use @code{-pre 1080p}, then it will
1860 search for the file @file{libvpx-1080p.avpreset}.
1862 If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named
1863 @var{arg}.avpreset in the same directories.
1868 @c man begin EXAMPLES
1870 @section Video and Audio grabbing
1872 If you specify the input format and device then ffmpeg can grab video
1876 ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg
1879 Or with an ALSA audio source (mono input, card id 1) instead of OSS:
1881 ffmpeg -f alsa -ac 1 -i hw:1 -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg
1884 Note that you must activate the right video source and channel before
1885 launching ffmpeg with any TV viewer such as
1886 @uref{http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/, xawtv} by Gerd Knorr. You also
1887 have to set the audio recording levels correctly with a
1890 @section X11 grabbing
1892 Grab the X11 display with ffmpeg via
1895 ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0 /tmp/out.mpg
1898 0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as
1899 the DISPLAY environment variable.
1902 ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0+10,20 /tmp/out.mpg
1905 0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY environment
1906 variable. 10 is the x-offset and 20 the y-offset for the grabbing.
1908 @section Video and Audio file format conversion
1910 Any supported file format and protocol can serve as input to ffmpeg:
1915 You can use YUV files as input:
1918 ffmpeg -i /tmp/test%d.Y /tmp/out.mpg
1921 It will use the files:
1923 /tmp/test0.Y, /tmp/test0.U, /tmp/test0.V,
1924 /tmp/test1.Y, /tmp/test1.U, /tmp/test1.V, etc...
1927 The Y files use twice the resolution of the U and V files. They are
1928 raw files, without header. They can be generated by all decent video
1929 decoders. You must specify the size of the image with the @option{-s} option
1930 if ffmpeg cannot guess it.
1933 You can input from a raw YUV420P file:
1936 ffmpeg -i /tmp/test.yuv /tmp/out.avi
1939 test.yuv is a file containing raw YUV planar data. Each frame is composed
1940 of the Y plane followed by the U and V planes at half vertical and
1941 horizontal resolution.
1944 You can output to a raw YUV420P file:
1947 ffmpeg -i mydivx.avi hugefile.yuv
1951 You can set several input files and output files:
1954 ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -s 640x480 -i /tmp/a.yuv /tmp/a.mpg
1957 Converts the audio file a.wav and the raw YUV video file a.yuv
1961 You can also do audio and video conversions at the same time:
1964 ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -ar 22050 /tmp/a.mp2
1967 Converts a.wav to MPEG audio at 22050 Hz sample rate.
1970 You can encode to several formats at the same time and define a
1971 mapping from input stream to output streams:
1974 ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -map 0:a -b:a 64k /tmp/a.mp2 -map 0:a -b:a 128k /tmp/b.mp2
1977 Converts a.wav to a.mp2 at 64 kbits and to b.mp2 at 128 kbits. '-map
1978 file:index' specifies which input stream is used for each output
1979 stream, in the order of the definition of output streams.
1982 You can transcode decrypted VOBs:
1985 ffmpeg -i snatch_1.vob -f avi -c:v mpeg4 -b:v 800k -g 300 -bf 2 -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 128k snatch.avi
1988 This is a typical DVD ripping example; the input is a VOB file, the
1989 output an AVI file with MPEG-4 video and MP3 audio. Note that in this
1990 command we use B-frames so the MPEG-4 stream is DivX5 compatible, and
1991 GOP size is 300 which means one intra frame every 10 seconds for 29.97fps
1992 input video. Furthermore, the audio stream is MP3-encoded so you need
1993 to enable LAME support by passing @code{--enable-libmp3lame} to configure.
1994 The mapping is particularly useful for DVD transcoding
1995 to get the desired audio language.
1997 NOTE: To see the supported input formats, use @code{ffmpeg -demuxers}.
2000 You can extract images from a video, or create a video from many images:
2002 For extracting images from a video:
2004 ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg
2007 This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will
2008 output them in files named @file{foo-001.jpeg}, @file{foo-002.jpeg},
2009 etc. Images will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values.
2011 If you want to extract just a limited number of frames, you can use the
2012 above command in combination with the @code{-frames:v} or @code{-t} option,
2013 or in combination with -ss to start extracting from a certain point in time.
2015 For creating a video from many images:
2017 ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 12 -i foo-%03d.jpeg -s WxH foo.avi
2020 The syntax @code{foo-%03d.jpeg} specifies to use a decimal number
2021 composed of three digits padded with zeroes to express the sequence
2022 number. It is the same syntax supported by the C printf function, but
2023 only formats accepting a normal integer are suitable.
2025 When importing an image sequence, -i also supports expanding
2026 shell-like wildcard patterns (globbing) internally, by selecting the
2027 image2-specific @code{-pattern_type glob} option.
2029 For example, for creating a video from filenames matching the glob pattern
2032 ffmpeg -f image2 -pattern_type glob -framerate 12 -i 'foo-*.jpeg' -s WxH foo.avi
2036 You can put many streams of the same type in the output:
2039 ffmpeg -i test1.avi -i test2.avi -map 1:1 -map 1:0 -map 0:1 -map 0:0 -c copy -y test12.nut
2042 The resulting output file @file{test12.nut} will contain the first four streams
2043 from the input files in reverse order.
2046 To force CBR video output:
2048 ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -b 4000k -minrate 4000k -maxrate 4000k -bufsize 1835k out.m2v
2052 The four options lmin, lmax, mblmin and mblmax use 'lambda' units,
2053 but you may use the QP2LAMBDA constant to easily convert from 'q' units:
2055 ffmpeg -i src.ext -lmax 21*QP2LAMBDA dst.ext
2061 @include config.texi
2063 @ifset config-avutil
2066 @ifset config-avcodec
2067 @include codecs.texi
2068 @include bitstream_filters.texi
2070 @ifset config-avformat
2071 @include formats.texi
2072 @include protocols.texi
2074 @ifset config-avdevice
2075 @include devices.texi
2077 @ifset config-swresample
2078 @include resampler.texi
2080 @ifset config-swscale
2081 @include scaler.texi
2083 @ifset config-avfilter
2084 @include filters.texi
2086 @include general_contents.texi
2093 @url{ffmpeg.html,ffmpeg}
2095 @ifset config-not-all
2096 @url{ffmpeg-all.html,ffmpeg-all},
2098 @url{ffplay.html,ffplay}, @url{ffprobe.html,ffprobe},
2099 @url{ffmpeg-utils.html,ffmpeg-utils},
2100 @url{ffmpeg-scaler.html,ffmpeg-scaler},
2101 @url{ffmpeg-resampler.html,ffmpeg-resampler},
2102 @url{ffmpeg-codecs.html,ffmpeg-codecs},
2103 @url{ffmpeg-bitstream-filters.html,ffmpeg-bitstream-filters},
2104 @url{ffmpeg-formats.html,ffmpeg-formats},
2105 @url{ffmpeg-devices.html,ffmpeg-devices},
2106 @url{ffmpeg-protocols.html,ffmpeg-protocols},
2107 @url{ffmpeg-filters.html,ffmpeg-filters}
2114 @ifset config-not-all
2117 ffplay(1), ffprobe(1),
2118 ffmpeg-utils(1), ffmpeg-scaler(1), ffmpeg-resampler(1),
2119 ffmpeg-codecs(1), ffmpeg-bitstream-filters(1), ffmpeg-formats(1),
2120 ffmpeg-devices(1), ffmpeg-protocols(1), ffmpeg-filters(1)
2123 @include authors.texi
2128 @settitle ffmpeg video converter