1 @chapter Filtering Introduction
2 @c man begin FILTERING INTRODUCTION
4 Filtering in FFmpeg is enabled through the libavfilter library.
6 In libavfilter, a filter can have multiple inputs and multiple
8 To illustrate the sorts of things that are possible, we consider the
13 input --> split ---------------------> overlay --> output
16 +-----> crop --> vflip -------+
19 This filtergraph splits the input stream in two streams, then sends one
20 stream through the crop filter and the vflip filter, before merging it
21 back with the other stream by overlaying it on top. You can use the
22 following command to achieve this:
25 ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf "split [main][tmp]; [tmp] crop=iw:ih/2:0:0, vflip [flip]; [main][flip] overlay=0:H/2" OUTPUT
28 The result will be that the top half of the video is mirrored
29 onto the bottom half of the output video.
31 Filters in the same linear chain are separated by commas, and distinct
32 linear chains of filters are separated by semicolons. In our example,
33 @var{crop,vflip} are in one linear chain, @var{split} and
34 @var{overlay} are separately in another. The points where the linear
35 chains join are labelled by names enclosed in square brackets. In the
36 example, the split filter generates two outputs that are associated to
37 the labels @var{[main]} and @var{[tmp]}.
39 The stream sent to the second output of @var{split}, labelled as
40 @var{[tmp]}, is processed through the @var{crop} filter, which crops
41 away the lower half part of the video, and then vertically flipped. The
42 @var{overlay} filter takes in input the first unchanged output of the
43 split filter (which was labelled as @var{[main]}), and overlay on its
44 lower half the output generated by the @var{crop,vflip} filterchain.
46 Some filters take in input a list of parameters: they are specified
47 after the filter name and an equal sign, and are separated from each other
50 There exist so-called @var{source filters} that do not have an
51 audio/video input, and @var{sink filters} that will not have audio/video
54 @c man end FILTERING INTRODUCTION
57 @c man begin GRAPH2DOT
59 The @file{graph2dot} program included in the FFmpeg @file{tools}
60 directory can be used to parse a filtergraph description and issue a
61 corresponding textual representation in the dot language.
68 to see how to use @file{graph2dot}.
70 You can then pass the dot description to the @file{dot} program (from
71 the graphviz suite of programs) and obtain a graphical representation
74 For example the sequence of commands:
76 echo @var{GRAPH_DESCRIPTION} | \
77 tools/graph2dot -o graph.tmp && \
78 dot -Tpng graph.tmp -o graph.png && \
82 can be used to create and display an image representing the graph
83 described by the @var{GRAPH_DESCRIPTION} string. Note that this string must be
84 a complete self-contained graph, with its inputs and outputs explicitly defined.
85 For example if your command line is of the form:
87 ffmpeg -i infile -vf scale=640:360 outfile
89 your @var{GRAPH_DESCRIPTION} string will need to be of the form:
91 nullsrc,scale=640:360,nullsink
93 you may also need to set the @var{nullsrc} parameters and add a @var{format}
94 filter in order to simulate a specific input file.
98 @chapter Filtergraph description
99 @c man begin FILTERGRAPH DESCRIPTION
101 A filtergraph is a directed graph of connected filters. It can contain
102 cycles, and there can be multiple links between a pair of
103 filters. Each link has one input pad on one side connecting it to one
104 filter from which it takes its input, and one output pad on the other
105 side connecting it to one filter accepting its output.
107 Each filter in a filtergraph is an instance of a filter class
108 registered in the application, which defines the features and the
109 number of input and output pads of the filter.
111 A filter with no input pads is called a "source", and a filter with no
112 output pads is called a "sink".
114 @anchor{Filtergraph syntax}
115 @section Filtergraph syntax
117 A filtergraph has a textual representation, which is
118 recognized by the @option{-filter}/@option{-vf} and @option{-filter_complex}
119 options in @command{ffmpeg} and @option{-vf} in @command{ffplay}, and by the
120 @code{avfilter_graph_parse()}/@code{avfilter_graph_parse2()} functions defined in
121 @file{libavfilter/avfilter.h}.
123 A filterchain consists of a sequence of connected filters, each one
124 connected to the previous one in the sequence. A filterchain is
125 represented by a list of ","-separated filter descriptions.
127 A filtergraph consists of a sequence of filterchains. A sequence of
128 filterchains is represented by a list of ";"-separated filterchain
131 A filter is represented by a string of the form:
132 [@var{in_link_1}]...[@var{in_link_N}]@var{filter_name}=@var{arguments}[@var{out_link_1}]...[@var{out_link_M}]
134 @var{filter_name} is the name of the filter class of which the
135 described filter is an instance of, and has to be the name of one of
136 the filter classes registered in the program.
137 The name of the filter class is optionally followed by a string
140 @var{arguments} is a string which contains the parameters used to
141 initialize the filter instance. It may have one of two forms:
145 A ':'-separated list of @var{key=value} pairs.
148 A ':'-separated list of @var{value}. In this case, the keys are assumed to be
149 the option names in the order they are declared. E.g. the @code{fade} filter
150 declares three options in this order -- @option{type}, @option{start_frame} and
151 @option{nb_frames}. Then the parameter list @var{in:0:30} means that the value
152 @var{in} is assigned to the option @option{type}, @var{0} to
153 @option{start_frame} and @var{30} to @option{nb_frames}.
156 A ':'-separated list of mixed direct @var{value} and long @var{key=value}
157 pairs. The direct @var{value} must precede the @var{key=value} pairs, and
158 follow the same constraints order of the previous point. The following
159 @var{key=value} pairs can be set in any preferred order.
163 If the option value itself is a list of items (e.g. the @code{format} filter
164 takes a list of pixel formats), the items in the list are usually separated by
167 The list of arguments can be quoted using the character "'" as initial
168 and ending mark, and the character '\' for escaping the characters
169 within the quoted text; otherwise the argument string is considered
170 terminated when the next special character (belonging to the set
171 "[]=;,") is encountered.
173 The name and arguments of the filter are optionally preceded and
174 followed by a list of link labels.
175 A link label allows one to name a link and associate it to a filter output
176 or input pad. The preceding labels @var{in_link_1}
177 ... @var{in_link_N}, are associated to the filter input pads,
178 the following labels @var{out_link_1} ... @var{out_link_M}, are
179 associated to the output pads.
181 When two link labels with the same name are found in the
182 filtergraph, a link between the corresponding input and output pad is
185 If an output pad is not labelled, it is linked by default to the first
186 unlabelled input pad of the next filter in the filterchain.
187 For example in the filterchain
189 nullsrc, split[L1], [L2]overlay, nullsink
191 the split filter instance has two output pads, and the overlay filter
192 instance two input pads. The first output pad of split is labelled
193 "L1", the first input pad of overlay is labelled "L2", and the second
194 output pad of split is linked to the second input pad of overlay,
195 which are both unlabelled.
197 In a complete filterchain all the unlabelled filter input and output
198 pads must be connected. A filtergraph is considered valid if all the
199 filter input and output pads of all the filterchains are connected.
201 Libavfilter will automatically insert @ref{scale} filters where format
202 conversion is required. It is possible to specify swscale flags
203 for those automatically inserted scalers by prepending
204 @code{sws_flags=@var{flags};}
205 to the filtergraph description.
207 Here is a BNF description of the filtergraph syntax:
209 @var{NAME} ::= sequence of alphanumeric characters and '_'
210 @var{LINKLABEL} ::= "[" @var{NAME} "]"
211 @var{LINKLABELS} ::= @var{LINKLABEL} [@var{LINKLABELS}]
212 @var{FILTER_ARGUMENTS} ::= sequence of chars (possibly quoted)
213 @var{FILTER} ::= [@var{LINKLABELS}] @var{NAME} ["=" @var{FILTER_ARGUMENTS}] [@var{LINKLABELS}]
214 @var{FILTERCHAIN} ::= @var{FILTER} [,@var{FILTERCHAIN}]
215 @var{FILTERGRAPH} ::= [sws_flags=@var{flags};] @var{FILTERCHAIN} [;@var{FILTERGRAPH}]
218 @section Notes on filtergraph escaping
220 Filtergraph description composition entails several levels of
221 escaping. See @ref{quoting_and_escaping,,the "Quoting and escaping"
222 section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils} for more
223 information about the employed escaping procedure.
225 A first level escaping affects the content of each filter option
226 value, which may contain the special character @code{:} used to
227 separate values, or one of the escaping characters @code{\'}.
229 A second level escaping affects the whole filter description, which
230 may contain the escaping characters @code{\'} or the special
231 characters @code{[],;} used by the filtergraph description.
233 Finally, when you specify a filtergraph on a shell commandline, you
234 need to perform a third level escaping for the shell special
235 characters contained within it.
237 For example, consider the following string to be embedded in
238 the @ref{drawtext} filter description @option{text} value:
240 this is a 'string': may contain one, or more, special characters
243 This string contains the @code{'} special escaping character, and the
244 @code{:} special character, so it needs to be escaped in this way:
246 text=this is a \'string\'\: may contain one, or more, special characters
249 A second level of escaping is required when embedding the filter
250 description in a filtergraph description, in order to escape all the
251 filtergraph special characters. Thus the example above becomes:
253 drawtext=text=this is a \\\'string\\\'\\: may contain one\, or more\, special characters
255 (note that in addition to the @code{\'} escaping special characters,
256 also @code{,} needs to be escaped).
258 Finally an additional level of escaping is needed when writing the
259 filtergraph description in a shell command, which depends on the
260 escaping rules of the adopted shell. For example, assuming that
261 @code{\} is special and needs to be escaped with another @code{\}, the
262 previous string will finally result in:
264 -vf "drawtext=text=this is a \\\\\\'string\\\\\\'\\\\: may contain one\\, or more\\, special characters"
267 @chapter Timeline editing
269 Some filters support a generic @option{enable} option. For the filters
270 supporting timeline editing, this option can be set to an expression which is
271 evaluated before sending a frame to the filter. If the evaluation is non-zero,
272 the filter will be enabled, otherwise the frame will be sent unchanged to the
273 next filter in the filtergraph.
275 The expression accepts the following values:
278 timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
281 sequential number of the input frame, starting from 0
284 the position in the file of the input frame, NAN if unknown
288 width and height of the input frame if video
291 Additionally, these filters support an @option{enable} command that can be used
292 to re-define the expression.
294 Like any other filtering option, the @option{enable} option follows the same
297 For example, to enable a blur filter (@ref{smartblur}) from 10 seconds to 3
298 minutes, and a @ref{curves} filter starting at 3 seconds:
300 smartblur = enable='between(t,10,3*60)',
301 curves = enable='gte(t,3)' : preset=cross_process
304 @c man end FILTERGRAPH DESCRIPTION
306 @chapter Audio Filters
307 @c man begin AUDIO FILTERS
309 When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the
310 existing filters using @code{--disable-filters}.
311 The configure output will show the audio filters included in your
314 Below is a description of the currently available audio filters.
318 Delay one or more audio channels.
320 Samples in delayed channel are filled with silence.
322 The filter accepts the following option:
326 Set list of delays in milliseconds for each channel separated by '|'.
327 At least one delay greater than 0 should be provided.
328 Unused delays will be silently ignored. If number of given delays is
329 smaller than number of channels all remaining channels will not be delayed.
336 Delay first channel by 1.5 seconds, the third channel by 0.5 seconds and leave
337 the second channel (and any other channels that may be present) unchanged.
345 Apply echoing to the input audio.
347 Echoes are reflected sound and can occur naturally amongst mountains
348 (and sometimes large buildings) when talking or shouting; digital echo
349 effects emulate this behaviour and are often used to help fill out the
350 sound of a single instrument or vocal. The time difference between the
351 original signal and the reflection is the @code{delay}, and the
352 loudness of the reflected signal is the @code{decay}.
353 Multiple echoes can have different delays and decays.
355 A description of the accepted parameters follows.
359 Set input gain of reflected signal. Default is @code{0.6}.
362 Set output gain of reflected signal. Default is @code{0.3}.
365 Set list of time intervals in milliseconds between original signal and reflections
366 separated by '|'. Allowed range for each @code{delay} is @code{(0 - 90000.0]}.
367 Default is @code{1000}.
370 Set list of loudnesses of reflected signals separated by '|'.
371 Allowed range for each @code{decay} is @code{(0 - 1.0]}.
372 Default is @code{0.5}.
379 Make it sound as if there are twice as many instruments as are actually playing:
381 aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4
385 If delay is very short, then it sound like a (metallic) robot playing music:
391 A longer delay will sound like an open air concert in the mountains:
393 aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3
397 Same as above but with one more mountain:
399 aecho=0.8:0.9:1000|1800:0.3|0.25
405 Modify an audio signal according to the specified expressions.
407 This filter accepts one or more expressions (one for each channel),
408 which are evaluated and used to modify a corresponding audio signal.
410 It accepts the following parameters:
414 Set the '|'-separated expressions list for each separate channel. If
415 the number of input channels is greater than the number of
416 expressions, the last specified expression is used for the remaining
419 @item channel_layout, c
420 Set output channel layout. If not specified, the channel layout is
421 specified by the number of expressions. If set to @samp{same}, it will
422 use by default the same input channel layout.
425 Each expression in @var{exprs} can contain the following constants and functions:
429 channel number of the current expression
432 number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0
438 time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds
441 @item nb_out_channels
442 input and output number of channels
445 the value of input channel with number @var{CH}
448 Note: this filter is slow. For faster processing you should use a
457 aeval=val(ch)/2:c=same
461 Invert phase of the second channel:
469 Apply fade-in/out effect to input audio.
471 A description of the accepted parameters follows.
475 Specify the effect type, can be either @code{in} for fade-in, or
476 @code{out} for a fade-out effect. Default is @code{in}.
478 @item start_sample, ss
479 Specify the number of the start sample for starting to apply the fade
480 effect. Default is 0.
483 Specify the number of samples for which the fade effect has to last. At
484 the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same
485 volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition
486 the output audio will be silence. Default is 44100.
489 Specify the start time of the fade effect. Default is 0.
490 The value must be specified as a time duration; see
491 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
492 for the accepted syntax.
493 If set this option is used instead of @var{start_sample}.
496 Specify the duration of the fade effect. See
497 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
498 for the accepted syntax.
499 At the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same
500 volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition
501 the output audio will be silence.
502 By default the duration is determined by @var{nb_samples}.
503 If set this option is used instead of @var{nb_samples}.
506 Set curve for fade transition.
508 It accepts the following values:
511 select triangular, linear slope (default)
513 select quarter of sine wave
515 select half of sine wave
517 select exponential sine wave
521 select inverted parabola
537 Fade in first 15 seconds of audio:
543 Fade out last 25 seconds of a 900 seconds audio:
545 afade=t=out:st=875:d=25
552 Set output format constraints for the input audio. The framework will
553 negotiate the most appropriate format to minimize conversions.
555 It accepts the following parameters:
559 A '|'-separated list of requested sample formats.
562 A '|'-separated list of requested sample rates.
564 @item channel_layouts
565 A '|'-separated list of requested channel layouts.
567 See @ref{channel layout syntax,,the Channel Layout section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
568 for the required syntax.
571 If a parameter is omitted, all values are allowed.
573 Force the output to either unsigned 8-bit or signed 16-bit stereo
575 aformat=sample_fmts=u8|s16:channel_layouts=stereo
580 Apply a two-pole all-pass filter with central frequency (in Hz)
581 @var{frequency}, and filter-width @var{width}.
582 An all-pass filter changes the audio's frequency to phase relationship
583 without changing its frequency to amplitude relationship.
585 The filter accepts the following options:
592 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
605 Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
610 Merge two or more audio streams into a single multi-channel stream.
612 The filter accepts the following options:
617 Set the number of inputs. Default is 2.
621 If the channel layouts of the inputs are disjoint, and therefore compatible,
622 the channel layout of the output will be set accordingly and the channels
623 will be reordered as necessary. If the channel layouts of the inputs are not
624 disjoint, the output will have all the channels of the first input then all
625 the channels of the second input, in that order, and the channel layout of
626 the output will be the default value corresponding to the total number of
629 For example, if the first input is in 2.1 (FL+FR+LF) and the second input
630 is FC+BL+BR, then the output will be in 5.1, with the channels in the
631 following order: a1, a2, b1, a3, b2, b3 (a1 is the first channel of the
632 first input, b1 is the first channel of the second input).
634 On the other hand, if both input are in stereo, the output channels will be
635 in the default order: a1, a2, b1, b2, and the channel layout will be
636 arbitrarily set to 4.0, which may or may not be the expected value.
638 All inputs must have the same sample rate, and format.
640 If inputs do not have the same duration, the output will stop with the
647 Merge two mono files into a stereo stream:
649 amovie=left.wav [l] ; amovie=right.mp3 [r] ; [l] [r] amerge
653 Multiple merges assuming 1 video stream and 6 audio streams in @file{input.mkv}:
655 ffmpeg -i input.mkv -filter_complex "[0:1][0:2][0:3][0:4][0:5][0:6] amerge=inputs=6" -c:a pcm_s16le output.mkv
661 Mixes multiple audio inputs into a single output.
663 Note that this filter only supports float samples (the @var{amerge}
664 and @var{pan} audio filters support many formats). If the @var{amix}
665 input has integer samples then @ref{aresample} will be automatically
666 inserted to perform the conversion to float samples.
670 ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex amix=inputs=3:duration=first:dropout_transition=3 OUTPUT
672 will mix 3 input audio streams to a single output with the same duration as the
673 first input and a dropout transition time of 3 seconds.
675 It accepts the following parameters:
679 The number of inputs. If unspecified, it defaults to 2.
682 How to determine the end-of-stream.
686 The duration of the longest input. (default)
689 The duration of the shortest input.
692 The duration of the first input.
696 @item dropout_transition
697 The transition time, in seconds, for volume renormalization when an input
698 stream ends. The default value is 2 seconds.
704 Pass the audio source unchanged to the output.
708 Pad the end of an audio stream with silence.
710 This can be used together with @command{ffmpeg} @option{-shortest} to
711 extend audio streams to the same length as the video stream.
713 A description of the accepted options follows.
717 Set silence packet size. Default value is 4096.
720 Set the number of samples of silence to add to the end. After the
721 value is reached, the stream is terminated. This option is mutually
722 exclusive with @option{whole_len}.
725 Set the minimum total number of samples in the output audio stream. If
726 the value is longer than the input audio length, silence is added to
727 the end, until the value is reached. This option is mutually exclusive
728 with @option{pad_len}.
731 If neither the @option{pad_len} nor the @option{whole_len} option is
732 set, the filter will add silence to the end of the input stream
739 Add 1024 samples of silence to the end of the input:
745 Make sure the audio output will contain at least 10000 samples, pad
746 the input with silence if required:
752 Use @command{ffmpeg} to pad the audio input with silence, so that the
753 video stream will always result the shortest and will be converted
754 until the end in the output file when using the @option{shortest}
757 ffmpeg -i VIDEO -i AUDIO -filter_complex "[1:0]apad" -shortest OUTPUT
762 Add a phasing effect to the input audio.
764 A phaser filter creates series of peaks and troughs in the frequency spectrum.
765 The position of the peaks and troughs are modulated so that they vary over time, creating a sweeping effect.
767 A description of the accepted parameters follows.
771 Set input gain. Default is 0.4.
774 Set output gain. Default is 0.74
777 Set delay in milliseconds. Default is 3.0.
780 Set decay. Default is 0.4.
783 Set modulation speed in Hz. Default is 0.5.
786 Set modulation type. Default is triangular.
788 It accepts the following values:
798 Resample the input audio to the specified parameters, using the
799 libswresample library. If none are specified then the filter will
800 automatically convert between its input and output.
802 This filter is also able to stretch/squeeze the audio data to make it match
803 the timestamps or to inject silence / cut out audio to make it match the
804 timestamps, do a combination of both or do neither.
806 The filter accepts the syntax
807 [@var{sample_rate}:]@var{resampler_options}, where @var{sample_rate}
808 expresses a sample rate and @var{resampler_options} is a list of
809 @var{key}=@var{value} pairs, separated by ":". See the
810 ffmpeg-resampler manual for the complete list of supported options.
816 Resample the input audio to 44100Hz:
822 Stretch/squeeze samples to the given timestamps, with a maximum of 1000
823 samples per second compensation:
829 @section asetnsamples
831 Set the number of samples per each output audio frame.
833 The last output packet may contain a different number of samples, as
834 the filter will flush all the remaining samples when the input audio
837 The filter accepts the following options:
841 @item nb_out_samples, n
842 Set the number of frames per each output audio frame. The number is
843 intended as the number of samples @emph{per each channel}.
844 Default value is 1024.
847 If set to 1, the filter will pad the last audio frame with zeroes, so
848 that the last frame will contain the same number of samples as the
849 previous ones. Default value is 1.
852 For example, to set the number of per-frame samples to 1234 and
853 disable padding for the last frame, use:
855 asetnsamples=n=1234:p=0
860 Set the sample rate without altering the PCM data.
861 This will result in a change of speed and pitch.
863 The filter accepts the following options:
867 Set the output sample rate. Default is 44100 Hz.
872 Show a line containing various information for each input audio frame.
873 The input audio is not modified.
875 The shown line contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form
876 @var{key}:@var{value}.
878 The following values are shown in the output:
882 The (sequential) number of the input frame, starting from 0.
885 The presentation timestamp of the input frame, in time base units; the time base
886 depends on the filter input pad, and is usually 1/@var{sample_rate}.
889 The presentation timestamp of the input frame in seconds.
892 position of the frame in the input stream, -1 if this information in
893 unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic audio)
902 The sample rate for the audio frame.
905 The number of samples (per channel) in the frame.
908 The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of the audio data. For planar
909 audio, the data is treated as if all the planes were concatenated.
911 @item plane_checksums
912 A list of Adler-32 checksums for each data plane.
917 Display time domain statistical information about the audio channels.
918 Statistics are calculated and displayed for each audio channel and,
919 where applicable, an overall figure is also given.
921 It accepts the following option:
924 Short window length in seconds, used for peak and trough RMS measurement.
925 Default is @code{0.05} (50 miliseconds). Allowed range is @code{[0.1 - 10]}.
928 A description of each shown parameter follows:
932 Mean amplitude displacement from zero.
935 Minimal sample level.
938 Maximal sample level.
942 Standard peak and RMS level measured in dBFS.
946 Peak and trough values for RMS level measured over a short window.
949 Standard ratio of peak to RMS level (note: not in dB).
952 Flatness (i.e. consecutive samples with the same value) of the signal at its peak levels
953 (i.e. either @var{Min level} or @var{Max level}).
956 Number of occasions (not the number of samples) that the signal attained either
957 @var{Min level} or @var{Max level}.
962 Forward two audio streams and control the order the buffers are forwarded.
964 The filter accepts the following options:
968 Set the expression deciding which stream should be
969 forwarded next: if the result is negative, the first stream is forwarded; if
970 the result is positive or zero, the second stream is forwarded. It can use
971 the following variables:
975 number of buffers forwarded so far on each stream
977 number of samples forwarded so far on each stream
979 current timestamp of each stream
982 The default value is @code{t1-t2}, which means to always forward the stream
983 that has a smaller timestamp.
988 Stress-test @code{amerge} by randomly sending buffers on the wrong
989 input, while avoiding too much of a desynchronization:
991 amovie=file.ogg [a] ; amovie=file.mp3 [b] ;
992 [a] [b] astreamsync=(2*random(1))-1+tanh(5*(t1-t2)) [a2] [b2] ;
998 Synchronize audio data with timestamps by squeezing/stretching it and/or
999 dropping samples/adding silence when needed.
1001 This filter is not built by default, please use @ref{aresample} to do squeezing/stretching.
1003 It accepts the following parameters:
1007 Enable stretching/squeezing the data to make it match the timestamps. Disabled
1008 by default. When disabled, time gaps are covered with silence.
1011 The minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger
1012 adding/dropping samples. The default value is 0.1. If you get an imperfect
1013 sync with this filter, try setting this parameter to 0.
1016 The maximum compensation in samples per second. Only relevant with compensate=1.
1017 The default value is 500.
1020 Assume that the first PTS should be this value. The time base is 1 / sample
1021 rate. This allows for padding/trimming at the start of the stream. By default,
1022 no assumption is made about the first frame's expected PTS, so no padding or
1023 trimming is done. For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with
1024 silence if an audio stream starts after the video stream or to trim any samples
1025 with a negative PTS due to encoder delay.
1033 The filter accepts exactly one parameter, the audio tempo. If not
1034 specified then the filter will assume nominal 1.0 tempo. Tempo must
1035 be in the [0.5, 2.0] range.
1037 @subsection Examples
1041 Slow down audio to 80% tempo:
1047 To speed up audio to 125% tempo:
1055 Trim the input so that the output contains one continuous subpart of the input.
1057 It accepts the following parameters:
1060 Timestamp (in seconds) of the start of the section to keep. I.e. the audio
1061 sample with the timestamp @var{start} will be the first sample in the output.
1064 Specify time of the first audio sample that will be dropped, i.e. the
1065 audio sample immediately preceding the one with the timestamp @var{end} will be
1066 the last sample in the output.
1069 Same as @var{start}, except this option sets the start timestamp in samples
1073 Same as @var{end}, except this option sets the end timestamp in samples instead
1077 The maximum duration of the output in seconds.
1080 The number of the first sample that should be output.
1083 The number of the first sample that should be dropped.
1086 @option{start}, @option{end}, and @option{duration} are expressed as time
1087 duration specifications; see
1088 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
1090 Note that the first two sets of the start/end options and the @option{duration}
1091 option look at the frame timestamp, while the _sample options simply count the
1092 samples that pass through the filter. So start/end_pts and start/end_sample will
1093 give different results when the timestamps are wrong, inexact or do not start at
1094 zero. Also note that this filter does not modify the timestamps. If you wish
1095 to have the output timestamps start at zero, insert the asetpts filter after the
1098 If multiple start or end options are set, this filter tries to be greedy and
1099 keep all samples that match at least one of the specified constraints. To keep
1100 only the part that matches all the constraints at once, chain multiple atrim
1103 The defaults are such that all the input is kept. So it is possible to set e.g.
1104 just the end values to keep everything before the specified time.
1109 Drop everything except the second minute of input:
1111 ffmpeg -i INPUT -af atrim=60:120
1115 Keep only the first 1000 samples:
1117 ffmpeg -i INPUT -af atrim=end_sample=1000
1124 Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-pass filter with central
1125 frequency @var{frequency}, and (3dB-point) band-width width.
1126 The @var{csg} option selects a constant skirt gain (peak gain = Q)
1127 instead of the default: constant 0dB peak gain.
1128 The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade).
1130 The filter accepts the following options:
1134 Set the filter's central frequency. Default is @code{3000}.
1137 Constant skirt gain if set to 1. Defaults to 0.
1140 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1153 Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
1158 Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-reject filter with central
1159 frequency @var{frequency}, and (3dB-point) band-width @var{width}.
1160 The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade).
1162 The filter accepts the following options:
1166 Set the filter's central frequency. Default is @code{3000}.
1169 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1182 Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
1187 Boost or cut the bass (lower) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole
1188 shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard
1189 hi-fi's tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (EQ).
1191 The filter accepts the following options:
1195 Give the gain at 0 Hz. Its useful range is about -20
1196 (for a large cut) to +20 (for a large boost).
1197 Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.
1200 Set the filter's central frequency and so can be used
1201 to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut.
1202 The default value is @code{100} Hz.
1205 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1218 Determine how steep is the filter's shelf transition.
1223 Apply a biquad IIR filter with the given coefficients.
1224 Where @var{b0}, @var{b1}, @var{b2} and @var{a0}, @var{a1}, @var{a2}
1225 are the numerator and denominator coefficients respectively.
1228 Bauer stereo to binaural transformation, which improves headphone listening of
1229 stereo audio records.
1231 It accepts the following parameters:
1235 Pre-defined crossfeed level.
1239 Default level (fcut=700, feed=50).
1242 Chu Moy circuit (fcut=700, feed=60).
1245 Jan Meier circuit (fcut=650, feed=95).
1250 Cut frequency (in Hz).
1259 Remap input channels to new locations.
1261 It accepts the following parameters:
1263 @item channel_layout
1264 The channel layout of the output stream.
1267 Map channels from input to output. The argument is a '|'-separated list of
1268 mappings, each in the @code{@var{in_channel}-@var{out_channel}} or
1269 @var{in_channel} form. @var{in_channel} can be either the name of the input
1270 channel (e.g. FL for front left) or its index in the input channel layout.
1271 @var{out_channel} is the name of the output channel or its index in the output
1272 channel layout. If @var{out_channel} is not given then it is implicitly an
1273 index, starting with zero and increasing by one for each mapping.
1276 If no mapping is present, the filter will implicitly map input channels to
1277 output channels, preserving indices.
1279 For example, assuming a 5.1+downmix input MOV file,
1281 ffmpeg -i in.mov -filter 'channelmap=map=DL-FL|DR-FR' out.wav
1283 will create an output WAV file tagged as stereo from the downmix channels of
1286 To fix a 5.1 WAV improperly encoded in AAC's native channel order
1288 ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter 'channelmap=1|2|0|5|3|4:channel_layout=5.1' out.wav
1291 @section channelsplit
1293 Split each channel from an input audio stream into a separate output stream.
1295 It accepts the following parameters:
1297 @item channel_layout
1298 The channel layout of the input stream. The default is "stereo".
1301 For example, assuming a stereo input MP3 file,
1303 ffmpeg -i in.mp3 -filter_complex channelsplit out.mkv
1305 will create an output Matroska file with two audio streams, one containing only
1306 the left channel and the other the right channel.
1308 Split a 5.1 WAV file into per-channel files:
1310 ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter_complex
1311 'channelsplit=channel_layout=5.1[FL][FR][FC][LFE][SL][SR]'
1312 -map '[FL]' front_left.wav -map '[FR]' front_right.wav -map '[FC]'
1313 front_center.wav -map '[LFE]' lfe.wav -map '[SL]' side_left.wav -map '[SR]'
1318 Compress or expand the audio's dynamic range.
1320 It accepts the following parameters:
1326 A list of times in seconds for each channel over which the instantaneous level
1327 of the input signal is averaged to determine its volume. @var{attacks} refers to
1328 increase of volume and @var{decays} refers to decrease of volume. For most
1329 situations, the attack time (response to the audio getting louder) should be
1330 shorter than the decay time, because the human ear is more sensitive to sudden
1331 loud audio than sudden soft audio. A typical value for attack is 0.3 seconds and
1332 a typical value for decay is 0.8 seconds.
1335 A list of points for the transfer function, specified in dB relative to the
1336 maximum possible signal amplitude. Each key points list must be defined using
1337 the following syntax: @code{x0/y0|x1/y1|x2/y2|....} or
1338 @code{x0/y0 x1/y1 x2/y2 ....}
1340 The input values must be in strictly increasing order but the transfer function
1341 does not have to be monotonically rising. The point @code{0/0} is assumed but
1342 may be overridden (by @code{0/out-dBn}). Typical values for the transfer
1343 function are @code{-70/-70|-60/-20}.
1346 Set the curve radius in dB for all joints. It defaults to 0.01.
1349 Set the additional gain in dB to be applied at all points on the transfer
1350 function. This allows for easy adjustment of the overall gain.
1354 Set an initial volume, in dB, to be assumed for each channel when filtering
1355 starts. This permits the user to supply a nominal level initially, so that, for
1356 example, a very large gain is not applied to initial signal levels before the
1357 companding has begun to operate. A typical value for audio which is initially
1358 quiet is -90 dB. It defaults to 0.
1361 Set a delay, in seconds. The input audio is analyzed immediately, but audio is
1362 delayed before being fed to the volume adjuster. Specifying a delay
1363 approximately equal to the attack/decay times allows the filter to effectively
1364 operate in predictive rather than reactive mode. It defaults to 0.
1368 @subsection Examples
1372 Make music with both quiet and loud passages suitable for listening to in a
1375 compand=.3|.3:1|1:-90/-60|-60/-40|-40/-30|-20/-20:6:0:-90:0.2
1379 A noise gate for when the noise is at a lower level than the signal:
1381 compand=.1|.1:.2|.2:-900/-900|-50.1/-900|-50/-50:.01:0:-90:.1
1385 Here is another noise gate, this time for when the noise is at a higher level
1386 than the signal (making it, in some ways, similar to squelch):
1388 compand=.1|.1:.1|.1:-45.1/-45.1|-45/-900|0/-900:.01:45:-90:.1
1394 Make audio easier to listen to on headphones.
1396 This filter adds `cues' to 44.1kHz stereo (i.e. audio CD format) audio
1397 so that when listened to on headphones the stereo image is moved from
1398 inside your head (standard for headphones) to outside and in front of
1399 the listener (standard for speakers).
1405 Apply a two-pole peaking equalisation (EQ) filter. With this
1406 filter, the signal-level at and around a selected frequency can
1407 be increased or decreased, whilst (unlike bandpass and bandreject
1408 filters) that at all other frequencies is unchanged.
1410 In order to produce complex equalisation curves, this filter can
1411 be given several times, each with a different central frequency.
1413 The filter accepts the following options:
1417 Set the filter's central frequency in Hz.
1420 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1433 Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
1436 Set the required gain or attenuation in dB.
1437 Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.
1440 @subsection Examples
1443 Attenuate 10 dB at 1000 Hz, with a bandwidth of 200 Hz:
1445 equalizer=f=1000:width_type=h:width=200:g=-10
1449 Apply 2 dB gain at 1000 Hz with Q 1 and attenuate 5 dB at 100 Hz with Q 2:
1451 equalizer=f=1000:width_type=q:width=1:g=2,equalizer=f=100:width_type=q:width=2:g=-5
1456 Apply a flanging effect to the audio.
1458 The filter accepts the following options:
1462 Set base delay in milliseconds. Range from 0 to 30. Default value is 0.
1465 Set added swep delay in milliseconds. Range from 0 to 10. Default value is 2.
1468 Set percentage regeneneration (delayed signal feedback). Range from -95 to 95.
1472 Set percentage of delayed signal mixed with original. Range from 0 to 100.
1476 Set sweeps per second (Hz). Range from 0.1 to 10. Default value is 0.5.
1479 Set swept wave shape, can be @var{triangular} or @var{sinusoidal}.
1480 Default value is @var{sinusoidal}.
1483 Set swept wave percentage-shift for multi channel. Range from 0 to 100.
1484 Default value is 25.
1487 Set delay-line interpolation, @var{linear} or @var{quadratic}.
1488 Default is @var{linear}.
1493 Apply a high-pass filter with 3dB point frequency.
1494 The filter can be either single-pole, or double-pole (the default).
1495 The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade).
1497 The filter accepts the following options:
1501 Set frequency in Hz. Default is 3000.
1504 Set number of poles. Default is 2.
1507 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1520 Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
1521 Applies only to double-pole filter.
1522 The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response.
1527 Join multiple input streams into one multi-channel stream.
1529 It accepts the following parameters:
1533 The number of input streams. It defaults to 2.
1535 @item channel_layout
1536 The desired output channel layout. It defaults to stereo.
1539 Map channels from inputs to output. The argument is a '|'-separated list of
1540 mappings, each in the @code{@var{input_idx}.@var{in_channel}-@var{out_channel}}
1541 form. @var{input_idx} is the 0-based index of the input stream. @var{in_channel}
1542 can be either the name of the input channel (e.g. FL for front left) or its
1543 index in the specified input stream. @var{out_channel} is the name of the output
1547 The filter will attempt to guess the mappings when they are not specified
1548 explicitly. It does so by first trying to find an unused matching input channel
1549 and if that fails it picks the first unused input channel.
1551 Join 3 inputs (with properly set channel layouts):
1553 ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex join=inputs=3 OUTPUT
1556 Build a 5.1 output from 6 single-channel streams:
1558 ffmpeg -i fl -i fr -i fc -i sl -i sr -i lfe -filter_complex
1559 'join=inputs=6:channel_layout=5.1:map=0.0-FL|1.0-FR|2.0-FC|3.0-SL|4.0-SR|5.0-LFE'
1565 Load a LADSPA (Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin API) plugin.
1567 To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
1568 @code{--enable-ladspa}.
1572 Specifies the name of LADSPA plugin library to load. If the environment
1573 variable @env{LADSPA_PATH} is defined, the LADSPA plugin is searched in
1574 each one of the directories specified by the colon separated list in
1575 @env{LADSPA_PATH}, otherwise in the standard LADSPA paths, which are in
1576 this order: @file{HOME/.ladspa/lib/}, @file{/usr/local/lib/ladspa/},
1577 @file{/usr/lib/ladspa/}.
1580 Specifies the plugin within the library. Some libraries contain only
1581 one plugin, but others contain many of them. If this is not set filter
1582 will list all available plugins within the specified library.
1585 Set the '|' separated list of controls which are zero or more floating point
1586 values that determine the behavior of the loaded plugin (for example delay,
1588 Controls need to be defined using the following syntax:
1589 c0=@var{value0}|c1=@var{value1}|c2=@var{value2}|..., where
1590 @var{valuei} is the value set on the @var{i}-th control.
1591 If @option{controls} is set to @code{help}, all available controls and
1592 their valid ranges are printed.
1594 @item sample_rate, s
1595 Specify the sample rate, default to 44100. Only used if plugin have
1599 Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame, default
1600 is 1024. Only used if plugin have zero inputs.
1603 Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See
1604 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
1605 for the accepted syntax.
1606 Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified duration,
1607 as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a complete frame.
1608 If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is
1609 supposed to be generated forever.
1610 Only used if plugin have zero inputs.
1614 @subsection Examples
1618 List all available plugins within amp (LADSPA example plugin) library:
1624 List all available controls and their valid ranges for @code{vcf_notch}
1625 plugin from @code{VCF} library:
1627 ladspa=f=vcf:p=vcf_notch:c=help
1631 Simulate low quality audio equipment using @code{Computer Music Toolkit} (CMT)
1634 ladspa=file=cmt:plugin=lofi:controls=c0=22|c1=12|c2=12
1638 Add reverberation to the audio using TAP-plugins
1639 (Tom's Audio Processing plugins):
1641 ladspa=file=tap_reverb:tap_reverb
1645 Generate white noise, with 0.2 amplitude:
1647 ladspa=file=cmt:noise_source_white:c=c0=.2
1651 Generate 20 bpm clicks using plugin @code{C* Click - Metronome} from the
1652 @code{C* Audio Plugin Suite} (CAPS) library:
1654 ladspa=file=caps:Click:c=c1=20'
1658 Apply @code{C* Eq10X2 - Stereo 10-band equaliser} effect:
1660 ladspa=caps:Eq10X2:c=c0=-48|c9=-24|c3=12|c4=2
1664 @subsection Commands
1666 This filter supports the following commands:
1669 Modify the @var{N}-th control value.
1671 If the specified value is not valid, it is ignored and prior one is kept.
1676 Apply a low-pass filter with 3dB point frequency.
1677 The filter can be either single-pole or double-pole (the default).
1678 The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade).
1680 The filter accepts the following options:
1684 Set frequency in Hz. Default is 500.
1687 Set number of poles. Default is 2.
1690 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1703 Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.
1704 Applies only to double-pole filter.
1705 The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response.
1710 Mix channels with specific gain levels. The filter accepts the output
1711 channel layout followed by a set of channels definitions.
1713 This filter is also designed to efficiently remap the channels of an audio
1716 The filter accepts parameters of the form:
1717 "@var{l}|@var{outdef}|@var{outdef}|..."
1721 output channel layout or number of channels
1724 output channel specification, of the form:
1725 "@var{out_name}=[@var{gain}*]@var{in_name}[+[@var{gain}*]@var{in_name}...]"
1728 output channel to define, either a channel name (FL, FR, etc.) or a channel
1729 number (c0, c1, etc.)
1732 multiplicative coefficient for the channel, 1 leaving the volume unchanged
1735 input channel to use, see out_name for details; it is not possible to mix
1736 named and numbered input channels
1739 If the `=' in a channel specification is replaced by `<', then the gains for
1740 that specification will be renormalized so that the total is 1, thus
1741 avoiding clipping noise.
1743 @subsection Mixing examples
1745 For example, if you want to down-mix from stereo to mono, but with a bigger
1746 factor for the left channel:
1748 pan=1c|c0=0.9*c0+0.1*c1
1751 A customized down-mix to stereo that works automatically for 3-, 4-, 5- and
1752 7-channels surround:
1754 pan=stereo| FL < FL + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BL + 0.6*SL | FR < FR + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BR + 0.6*SR
1757 Note that @command{ffmpeg} integrates a default down-mix (and up-mix) system
1758 that should be preferred (see "-ac" option) unless you have very specific
1761 @subsection Remapping examples
1763 The channel remapping will be effective if, and only if:
1766 @item gain coefficients are zeroes or ones,
1767 @item only one input per channel output,
1770 If all these conditions are satisfied, the filter will notify the user ("Pure
1771 channel mapping detected"), and use an optimized and lossless method to do the
1774 For example, if you have a 5.1 source and want a stereo audio stream by
1775 dropping the extra channels:
1777 pan="stereo| c0=FL | c1=FR"
1780 Given the same source, you can also switch front left and front right channels
1781 and keep the input channel layout:
1783 pan="5.1| c0=c1 | c1=c0 | c2=c2 | c3=c3 | c4=c4 | c5=c5"
1786 If the input is a stereo audio stream, you can mute the front left channel (and
1787 still keep the stereo channel layout) with:
1792 Still with a stereo audio stream input, you can copy the right channel in both
1793 front left and right:
1795 pan="stereo| c0=FR | c1=FR"
1800 ReplayGain scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as an input and
1801 outputs it unchanged.
1802 At end of filtering it displays @code{track_gain} and @code{track_peak}.
1806 Convert the audio sample format, sample rate and channel layout. It is
1807 not meant to be used directly.
1809 @section silencedetect
1811 Detect silence in an audio stream.
1813 This filter logs a message when it detects that the input audio volume is less
1814 or equal to a noise tolerance value for a duration greater or equal to the
1815 minimum detected noise duration.
1817 The printed times and duration are expressed in seconds.
1819 The filter accepts the following options:
1823 Set silence duration until notification (default is 2 seconds).
1826 Set noise tolerance. Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the
1827 specified value) or amplitude ratio. Default is -60dB, or 0.001.
1830 @subsection Examples
1834 Detect 5 seconds of silence with -50dB noise tolerance:
1836 silencedetect=n=-50dB:d=5
1840 Complete example with @command{ffmpeg} to detect silence with 0.0001 noise
1841 tolerance in @file{silence.mp3}:
1843 ffmpeg -i silence.mp3 -af silencedetect=noise=0.0001 -f null -
1847 @section silenceremove
1849 Remove silence from the beginning, middle or end of the audio.
1851 The filter accepts the following options:
1855 This value is used to indicate if audio should be trimmed at beginning of
1856 the audio. A value of zero indicates no silence should be trimmed from the
1857 beginning. When specifying a non-zero value, it trims audio up until it
1858 finds non-silence. Normally, when trimming silence from beginning of audio
1859 the @var{start_periods} will be @code{1} but it can be increased to higher
1860 values to trim all audio up to specific count of non-silence periods.
1861 Default value is @code{0}.
1863 @item start_duration
1864 Specify the amount of time that non-silence must be detected before it stops
1865 trimming audio. By increasing the duration, bursts of noises can be treated
1866 as silence and trimmed off. Default value is @code{0}.
1868 @item start_threshold
1869 This indicates what sample value should be treated as silence. For digital
1870 audio, a value of @code{0} may be fine but for audio recorded from analog,
1871 you may wish to increase the value to account for background noise.
1872 Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the specified value)
1873 or amplitude ratio. Default value is @code{0}.
1876 Set the count for trimming silence from the end of audio.
1877 To remove silence from the middle of a file, specify a @var{stop_periods}
1878 that is negative. This value is then threated as a positive value and is
1879 used to indicate the effect should restart processing as specified by
1880 @var{start_periods}, making it suitable for removing periods of silence
1881 in the middle of the audio.
1882 Default value is @code{0}.
1885 Specify a duration of silence that must exist before audio is not copied any
1886 more. By specifying a higher duration, silence that is wanted can be left in
1888 Default value is @code{0}.
1890 @item stop_threshold
1891 This is the same as @option{start_threshold} but for trimming silence from
1893 Can be specified in dB (in case "dB" is appended to the specified value)
1894 or amplitude ratio. Default value is @code{0}.
1897 This indicate that @var{stop_duration} length of audio should be left intact
1898 at the beginning of each period of silence.
1899 For example, if you want to remove long pauses between words but do not want
1900 to remove the pauses completely. Default value is @code{0}.
1904 @subsection Examples
1908 The following example shows how this filter can be used to start a recording
1909 that does not contain the delay at the start which usually occurs between
1910 pressing the record button and the start of the performance:
1912 silenceremove=1:5:0.02
1918 Boost or cut treble (upper) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole
1919 shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard
1920 hi-fi's tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (EQ).
1922 The filter accepts the following options:
1926 Give the gain at whichever is the lower of ~22 kHz and the
1927 Nyquist frequency. Its useful range is about -20 (for a large cut)
1928 to +20 (for a large boost). Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.
1931 Set the filter's central frequency and so can be used
1932 to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut.
1933 The default value is @code{3000} Hz.
1936 Set method to specify band-width of filter.
1949 Determine how steep is the filter's shelf transition.
1954 Adjust the input audio volume.
1956 It accepts the following parameters:
1960 Set audio volume expression.
1962 Output values are clipped to the maximum value.
1964 The output audio volume is given by the relation:
1966 @var{output_volume} = @var{volume} * @var{input_volume}
1969 The default value for @var{volume} is "1.0".
1972 This parameter represents the mathematical precision.
1974 It determines which input sample formats will be allowed, which affects the
1975 precision of the volume scaling.
1979 8-bit fixed-point; this limits input sample format to U8, S16, and S32.
1981 32-bit floating-point; this limits input sample format to FLT. (default)
1983 64-bit floating-point; this limits input sample format to DBL.
1987 Choose the behaviour on encountering ReplayGain side data in input frames.
1991 Remove ReplayGain side data, ignoring its contents (the default).
1994 Ignore ReplayGain side data, but leave it in the frame.
1997 Prefer the track gain, if present.
2000 Prefer the album gain, if present.
2003 @item replaygain_preamp
2004 Pre-amplification gain in dB to apply to the selected replaygain gain.
2006 Default value for @var{replaygain_preamp} is 0.0.
2009 Set when the volume expression is evaluated.
2011 It accepts the following values:
2014 only evaluate expression once during the filter initialization, or
2015 when the @samp{volume} command is sent
2018 evaluate expression for each incoming frame
2021 Default value is @samp{once}.
2024 The volume expression can contain the following parameters.
2028 frame number (starting at zero)
2031 @item nb_consumed_samples
2032 number of samples consumed by the filter
2034 number of samples in the current frame
2036 original frame position in the file
2042 PTS at start of stream
2044 time at start of stream
2050 last set volume value
2053 Note that when @option{eval} is set to @samp{once} only the
2054 @var{sample_rate} and @var{tb} variables are available, all other
2055 variables will evaluate to NAN.
2057 @subsection Commands
2059 This filter supports the following commands:
2062 Modify the volume expression.
2063 The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
2065 If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
2067 @item replaygain_noclip
2068 Prevent clipping by limiting the gain applied.
2070 Default value for @var{replaygain_noclip} is 1.
2074 @subsection Examples
2078 Halve the input audio volume:
2082 volume=volume=-6.0206dB
2085 In all the above example the named key for @option{volume} can be
2086 omitted, for example like in:
2092 Increase input audio power by 6 decibels using fixed-point precision:
2094 volume=volume=6dB:precision=fixed
2098 Fade volume after time 10 with an annihilation period of 5 seconds:
2100 volume='if(lt(t,10),1,max(1-(t-10)/5,0))':eval=frame
2104 @section volumedetect
2106 Detect the volume of the input video.
2108 The filter has no parameters. The input is not modified. Statistics about
2109 the volume will be printed in the log when the input stream end is reached.
2111 In particular it will show the mean volume (root mean square), maximum
2112 volume (on a per-sample basis), and the beginning of a histogram of the
2113 registered volume values (from the maximum value to a cumulated 1/1000 of
2116 All volumes are in decibels relative to the maximum PCM value.
2118 @subsection Examples
2120 Here is an excerpt of the output:
2122 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] mean_volume: -27 dB
2123 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] max_volume: -4 dB
2124 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_4db: 6
2125 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_5db: 62
2126 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_6db: 286
2127 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_7db: 1042
2128 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_8db: 2551
2129 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_9db: 4609
2130 [Parsed_volumedetect_0 @ 0xa23120] histogram_10db: 8409
2136 The mean square energy is approximately -27 dB, or 10^-2.7.
2138 The largest sample is at -4 dB, or more precisely between -4 dB and -5 dB.
2140 There are 6 samples at -4 dB, 62 at -5 dB, 286 at -6 dB, etc.
2143 In other words, raising the volume by +4 dB does not cause any clipping,
2144 raising it by +5 dB causes clipping for 6 samples, etc.
2146 @c man end AUDIO FILTERS
2148 @chapter Audio Sources
2149 @c man begin AUDIO SOURCES
2151 Below is a description of the currently available audio sources.
2155 Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the filter chain.
2157 This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular
2158 through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/asrc_abuffer.h}.
2160 It accepts the following parameters:
2164 The timebase which will be used for timestamps of submitted frames. It must be
2165 either a floating-point number or in @var{numerator}/@var{denominator} form.
2168 The sample rate of the incoming audio buffers.
2171 The sample format of the incoming audio buffers.
2172 Either a sample format name or its corresponging integer representation from
2173 the enum AVSampleFormat in @file{libavutil/samplefmt.h}
2175 @item channel_layout
2176 The channel layout of the incoming audio buffers.
2177 Either a channel layout name from channel_layout_map in
2178 @file{libavutil/channel_layout.c} or its corresponding integer representation
2179 from the AV_CH_LAYOUT_* macros in @file{libavutil/channel_layout.h}
2182 The number of channels of the incoming audio buffers.
2183 If both @var{channels} and @var{channel_layout} are specified, then they
2188 @subsection Examples
2191 abuffer=sample_rate=44100:sample_fmt=s16p:channel_layout=stereo
2194 will instruct the source to accept planar 16bit signed stereo at 44100Hz.
2195 Since the sample format with name "s16p" corresponds to the number
2196 6 and the "stereo" channel layout corresponds to the value 0x3, this is
2199 abuffer=sample_rate=44100:sample_fmt=6:channel_layout=0x3
2204 Generate an audio signal specified by an expression.
2206 This source accepts in input one or more expressions (one for each
2207 channel), which are evaluated and used to generate a corresponding
2210 This source accepts the following options:
2214 Set the '|'-separated expressions list for each separate channel. In case the
2215 @option{channel_layout} option is not specified, the selected channel layout
2216 depends on the number of provided expressions. Otherwise the last
2217 specified expression is applied to the remaining output channels.
2219 @item channel_layout, c
2220 Set the channel layout. The number of channels in the specified layout
2221 must be equal to the number of specified expressions.
2224 Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See
2225 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
2226 for the accepted syntax.
2227 Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified
2228 duration, as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a
2231 If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is
2232 supposed to be generated forever.
2235 Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame,
2238 @item sample_rate, s
2239 Specify the sample rate, default to 44100.
2242 Each expression in @var{exprs} can contain the following constants:
2246 number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0
2249 time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds, starting from 0
2256 @subsection Examples
2266 Generate a sin signal with frequency of 440 Hz, set sample rate to
2269 aevalsrc="sin(440*2*PI*t):s=8000"
2273 Generate a two channels signal, specify the channel layout (Front
2274 Center + Back Center) explicitly:
2276 aevalsrc="sin(420*2*PI*t)|cos(430*2*PI*t):c=FC|BC"
2280 Generate white noise:
2282 aevalsrc="-2+random(0)"
2286 Generate an amplitude modulated signal:
2288 aevalsrc="sin(10*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t)"
2292 Generate 2.5 Hz binaural beats on a 360 Hz carrier:
2294 aevalsrc="0.1*sin(2*PI*(360-2.5/2)*t) | 0.1*sin(2*PI*(360+2.5/2)*t)"
2301 The null audio source, return unprocessed audio frames. It is mainly useful
2302 as a template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as
2303 the source for filters which ignore the input data (for example the sox
2306 This source accepts the following options:
2310 @item channel_layout, cl
2312 Specifies the channel layout, and can be either an integer or a string
2313 representing a channel layout. The default value of @var{channel_layout}
2316 Check the channel_layout_map definition in
2317 @file{libavutil/channel_layout.c} for the mapping between strings and
2318 channel layout values.
2320 @item sample_rate, r
2321 Specifies the sample rate, and defaults to 44100.
2324 Set the number of samples per requested frames.
2328 @subsection Examples
2332 Set the sample rate to 48000 Hz and the channel layout to AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO.
2334 anullsrc=r=48000:cl=4
2338 Do the same operation with a more obvious syntax:
2340 anullsrc=r=48000:cl=mono
2344 All the parameters need to be explicitly defined.
2348 Synthesize a voice utterance using the libflite library.
2350 To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
2351 @code{--enable-libflite}.
2353 Note that the flite library is not thread-safe.
2355 The filter accepts the following options:
2360 If set to 1, list the names of the available voices and exit
2361 immediately. Default value is 0.
2364 Set the maximum number of samples per frame. Default value is 512.
2367 Set the filename containing the text to speak.
2370 Set the text to speak.
2373 Set the voice to use for the speech synthesis. Default value is
2374 @code{kal}. See also the @var{list_voices} option.
2377 @subsection Examples
2381 Read from file @file{speech.txt}, and synthetize the text using the
2382 standard flite voice:
2384 flite=textfile=speech.txt
2388 Read the specified text selecting the @code{slt} voice:
2390 flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt
2394 Input text to ffmpeg:
2396 ffmpeg -f lavfi -i flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt
2400 Make @file{ffplay} speak the specified text, using @code{flite} and
2401 the @code{lavfi} device:
2403 ffplay -f lavfi flite=text='No more be grieved for which that thou hast done.'
2407 For more information about libflite, check:
2408 @url{http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/flite/}
2412 Generate an audio signal made of a sine wave with amplitude 1/8.
2414 The audio signal is bit-exact.
2416 The filter accepts the following options:
2421 Set the carrier frequency. Default is 440 Hz.
2423 @item beep_factor, b
2424 Enable a periodic beep every second with frequency @var{beep_factor} times
2425 the carrier frequency. Default is 0, meaning the beep is disabled.
2427 @item sample_rate, r
2428 Specify the sample rate, default is 44100.
2431 Specify the duration of the generated audio stream.
2433 @item samples_per_frame
2434 Set the number of samples per output frame, default is 1024.
2437 @subsection Examples
2442 Generate a simple 440 Hz sine wave:
2448 Generate a 220 Hz sine wave with a 880 Hz beep each second, for 5 seconds:
2452 sine=frequency=220:beep_factor=4:duration=5
2457 @c man end AUDIO SOURCES
2459 @chapter Audio Sinks
2460 @c man begin AUDIO SINKS
2462 Below is a description of the currently available audio sinks.
2464 @section abuffersink
2466 Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the end of filter chain.
2468 This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular
2469 through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/buffersink.h}
2470 or the options system.
2472 It accepts a pointer to an AVABufferSinkContext structure, which
2473 defines the incoming buffers' formats, to be passed as the opaque
2474 parameter to @code{avfilter_init_filter} for initialization.
2477 Null audio sink; do absolutely nothing with the input audio. It is
2478 mainly useful as a template and for use in analysis / debugging
2481 @c man end AUDIO SINKS
2483 @chapter Video Filters
2484 @c man begin VIDEO FILTERS
2486 When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the
2487 existing filters using @code{--disable-filters}.
2488 The configure output will show the video filters included in your
2491 Below is a description of the currently available video filters.
2493 @section alphaextract
2495 Extract the alpha component from the input as a grayscale video. This
2496 is especially useful with the @var{alphamerge} filter.
2500 Add or replace the alpha component of the primary input with the
2501 grayscale value of a second input. This is intended for use with
2502 @var{alphaextract} to allow the transmission or storage of frame
2503 sequences that have alpha in a format that doesn't support an alpha
2506 For example, to reconstruct full frames from a normal YUV-encoded video
2507 and a separate video created with @var{alphaextract}, you might use:
2509 movie=in_alpha.mkv [alpha]; [in][alpha] alphamerge [out]
2512 Since this filter is designed for reconstruction, it operates on frame
2513 sequences without considering timestamps, and terminates when either
2514 input reaches end of stream. This will cause problems if your encoding
2515 pipeline drops frames. If you're trying to apply an image as an
2516 overlay to a video stream, consider the @var{overlay} filter instead.
2520 Same as the @ref{subtitles} filter, except that it doesn't require libavcodec
2521 and libavformat to work. On the other hand, it is limited to ASS (Advanced
2522 Substation Alpha) subtitles files.
2524 This filter accepts the following option in addition to the common options from
2525 the @ref{subtitles} filter:
2529 Set the shaping engine
2531 Available values are:
2534 The default libass shaping engine, which is the best available.
2536 Fast, font-agnostic shaper that can do only substitutions
2538 Slower shaper using OpenType for substitutions and positioning
2541 The default is @code{auto}.
2546 Compute the bounding box for the non-black pixels in the input frame
2549 This filter computes the bounding box containing all the pixels with a
2550 luminance value greater than the minimum allowed value.
2551 The parameters describing the bounding box are printed on the filter
2554 The filter accepts the following option:
2558 Set the minimal luminance value. Default is @code{16}.
2561 @section blackdetect
2563 Detect video intervals that are (almost) completely black. Can be
2564 useful to detect chapter transitions, commercials, or invalid
2565 recordings. Output lines contains the time for the start, end and
2566 duration of the detected black interval expressed in seconds.
2568 In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at
2569 least to the AV_LOG_INFO value.
2571 The filter accepts the following options:
2574 @item black_min_duration, d
2575 Set the minimum detected black duration expressed in seconds. It must
2576 be a non-negative floating point number.
2578 Default value is 2.0.
2580 @item picture_black_ratio_th, pic_th
2581 Set the threshold for considering a picture "black".
2582 Express the minimum value for the ratio:
2584 @var{nb_black_pixels} / @var{nb_pixels}
2587 for which a picture is considered black.
2588 Default value is 0.98.
2590 @item pixel_black_th, pix_th
2591 Set the threshold for considering a pixel "black".
2593 The threshold expresses the maximum pixel luminance value for which a
2594 pixel is considered "black". The provided value is scaled according to
2595 the following equation:
2597 @var{absolute_threshold} = @var{luminance_minimum_value} + @var{pixel_black_th} * @var{luminance_range_size}
2600 @var{luminance_range_size} and @var{luminance_minimum_value} depend on
2601 the input video format, the range is [0-255] for YUV full-range
2602 formats and [16-235] for YUV non full-range formats.
2604 Default value is 0.10.
2607 The following example sets the maximum pixel threshold to the minimum
2608 value, and detects only black intervals of 2 or more seconds:
2610 blackdetect=d=2:pix_th=0.00
2615 Detect frames that are (almost) completely black. Can be useful to
2616 detect chapter transitions or commercials. Output lines consist of
2617 the frame number of the detected frame, the percentage of blackness,
2618 the position in the file if known or -1 and the timestamp in seconds.
2620 In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at
2621 least to the AV_LOG_INFO value.
2623 It accepts the following parameters:
2628 The percentage of the pixels that have to be below the threshold; it defaults to
2631 @item threshold, thresh
2632 The threshold below which a pixel value is considered black; it defaults to
2639 Blend two video frames into each other.
2641 It takes two input streams and outputs one stream, the first input is the
2642 "top" layer and second input is "bottom" layer.
2643 Output terminates when shortest input terminates.
2645 A description of the accepted options follows.
2653 Set blend mode for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
2654 of @var{all_mode}. Default value is @code{normal}.
2656 Available values for component modes are:
2689 Set blend opacity for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
2690 of @var{all_opacity}. Only used in combination with pixel component blend modes.
2697 Set blend expression for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
2698 of @var{all_expr}. Note that related mode options will be ignored if those are set.
2700 The expressions can use the following variables:
2704 The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from @code{0}.
2708 the coordinates of the current sample
2712 the width and height of currently filtered plane
2716 Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the
2717 ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current
2718 plane ones. E.g. for YUV4:2:0 the values are @code{1,1} for the luma plane, and
2719 @code{0.5,0.5} for chroma planes.
2722 Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds.
2725 Value of pixel component at current location for first video frame (top layer).
2728 Value of pixel component at current location for second video frame (bottom layer).
2732 Force termination when the shortest input terminates. Default is @code{0}.
2734 Continue applying the last bottom frame after the end of the stream. A value of
2735 @code{0} disable the filter after the last frame of the bottom layer is reached.
2736 Default is @code{1}.
2739 @subsection Examples
2743 Apply transition from bottom layer to top layer in first 10 seconds:
2745 blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,10),1,T/10))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,10),1,T/10)))'
2749 Apply 1x1 checkerboard effect:
2751 blend=all_expr='if(eq(mod(X,2),mod(Y,2)),A,B)'
2755 Apply uncover left effect:
2757 blend=all_expr='if(gte(N*SW+X,W),A,B)'
2761 Apply uncover down effect:
2763 blend=all_expr='if(gte(Y-N*SH,0),A,B)'
2767 Apply uncover up-left effect:
2769 blend=all_expr='if(gte(T*SH*40+Y,H)*gte((T*40*SW+X)*W/H,W),A,B)'
2775 Apply a boxblur algorithm to the input video.
2777 It accepts the following parameters:
2781 @item luma_radius, lr
2782 @item luma_power, lp
2783 @item chroma_radius, cr
2784 @item chroma_power, cp
2785 @item alpha_radius, ar
2786 @item alpha_power, ap
2790 A description of the accepted options follows.
2793 @item luma_radius, lr
2794 @item chroma_radius, cr
2795 @item alpha_radius, ar
2796 Set an expression for the box radius in pixels used for blurring the
2797 corresponding input plane.
2799 The radius value must be a non-negative number, and must not be
2800 greater than the value of the expression @code{min(w,h)/2} for the
2801 luma and alpha planes, and of @code{min(cw,ch)/2} for the chroma
2804 Default value for @option{luma_radius} is "2". If not specified,
2805 @option{chroma_radius} and @option{alpha_radius} default to the
2806 corresponding value set for @option{luma_radius}.
2808 The expressions can contain the following constants:
2812 The input width and height in pixels.
2816 The input chroma image width and height in pixels.
2820 The horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example, for the
2821 pixel format "yuv422p", @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
2824 @item luma_power, lp
2825 @item chroma_power, cp
2826 @item alpha_power, ap
2827 Specify how many times the boxblur filter is applied to the
2828 corresponding plane.
2830 Default value for @option{luma_power} is 2. If not specified,
2831 @option{chroma_power} and @option{alpha_power} default to the
2832 corresponding value set for @option{luma_power}.
2834 A value of 0 will disable the effect.
2837 @subsection Examples
2841 Apply a boxblur filter with the luma, chroma, and alpha radii
2844 boxblur=luma_radius=2:luma_power=1
2849 Set the luma radius to 2, and alpha and chroma radius to 0:
2851 boxblur=2:1:cr=0:ar=0
2855 Set the luma and chroma radii to a fraction of the video dimension:
2857 boxblur=luma_radius=min(h\,w)/10:luma_power=1:chroma_radius=min(cw\,ch)/10:chroma_power=1
2863 Visualize information exported by some codecs.
2865 Some codecs can export information through frames using side-data or other
2866 means. For example, some MPEG based codecs export motion vectors through the
2867 @var{export_mvs} flag in the codec @option{flags2} option.
2869 The filter accepts the following option:
2873 Set motion vectors to visualize.
2875 Available flags for @var{mv} are:
2879 forward predicted MVs of P-frames
2881 forward predicted MVs of B-frames
2883 backward predicted MVs of B-frames
2887 @subsection Examples
2891 Visualizes multi-directionals MVs from P and B-Frames using @command{ffplay}:
2893 ffplay -flags2 +export_mvs input.mpg -vf codecview=mv=pf+bf+bb
2897 @section colorbalance
2898 Modify intensity of primary colors (red, green and blue) of input frames.
2900 The filter allows an input frame to be adjusted in the shadows, midtones or highlights
2901 regions for the red-cyan, green-magenta or blue-yellow balance.
2903 A positive adjustment value shifts the balance towards the primary color, a negative
2904 value towards the complementary color.
2906 The filter accepts the following options:
2912 Adjust red, green and blue shadows (darkest pixels).
2917 Adjust red, green and blue midtones (medium pixels).
2922 Adjust red, green and blue highlights (brightest pixels).
2924 Allowed ranges for options are @code{[-1.0, 1.0]}. Defaults are @code{0}.
2927 @subsection Examples
2931 Add red color cast to shadows:
2937 @section colorchannelmixer
2939 Adjust video input frames by re-mixing color channels.
2941 This filter modifies a color channel by adding the values associated to
2942 the other channels of the same pixels. For example if the value to
2943 modify is red, the output value will be:
2945 @var{red}=@var{red}*@var{rr} + @var{blue}*@var{rb} + @var{green}*@var{rg} + @var{alpha}*@var{ra}
2948 The filter accepts the following options:
2955 Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output red channel.
2956 Default is @code{1} for @var{rr}, and @code{0} for @var{rg}, @var{rb} and @var{ra}.
2962 Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output green channel.
2963 Default is @code{1} for @var{gg}, and @code{0} for @var{gr}, @var{gb} and @var{ga}.
2969 Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output blue channel.
2970 Default is @code{1} for @var{bb}, and @code{0} for @var{br}, @var{bg} and @var{ba}.
2976 Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output alpha channel.
2977 Default is @code{1} for @var{aa}, and @code{0} for @var{ar}, @var{ag} and @var{ab}.
2979 Allowed ranges for options are @code{[-2.0, 2.0]}.
2982 @subsection Examples
2986 Convert source to grayscale:
2988 colorchannelmixer=.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3
2991 Simulate sepia tones:
2993 colorchannelmixer=.393:.769:.189:0:.349:.686:.168:0:.272:.534:.131
2997 @section colormatrix
2999 Convert color matrix.
3001 The filter accepts the following options:
3006 Specify the source and destination color matrix. Both values must be
3009 The accepted values are:
3025 For example to convert from BT.601 to SMPTE-240M, use the command:
3027 colormatrix=bt601:smpte240m
3032 Copy the input source unchanged to the output. This is mainly useful for
3037 Crop the input video to given dimensions.
3039 It accepts the following parameters:
3043 The width of the output video. It defaults to @code{iw}.
3044 This expression is evaluated only once during the filter
3048 The height of the output video. It defaults to @code{ih}.
3049 This expression is evaluated only once during the filter
3053 The horizontal position, in the input video, of the left edge of the output
3054 video. It defaults to @code{(in_w-out_w)/2}.
3055 This expression is evaluated per-frame.
3058 The vertical position, in the input video, of the top edge of the output video.
3059 It defaults to @code{(in_h-out_h)/2}.
3060 This expression is evaluated per-frame.
3063 If set to 1 will force the output display aspect ratio
3064 to be the same of the input, by changing the output sample aspect
3065 ratio. It defaults to 0.
3068 The @var{out_w}, @var{out_h}, @var{x}, @var{y} parameters are
3069 expressions containing the following constants:
3074 The computed values for @var{x} and @var{y}. They are evaluated for
3079 The input width and height.
3083 These are the same as @var{in_w} and @var{in_h}.
3087 The output (cropped) width and height.
3091 These are the same as @var{out_w} and @var{out_h}.
3094 same as @var{iw} / @var{ih}
3097 input sample aspect ratio
3100 input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{iw} / @var{ih}) * @var{sar}
3104 horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
3105 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
3108 The number of the input frame, starting from 0.
3111 the position in the file of the input frame, NAN if unknown
3114 The timestamp expressed in seconds. It's NAN if the input timestamp is unknown.
3118 The expression for @var{out_w} may depend on the value of @var{out_h},
3119 and the expression for @var{out_h} may depend on @var{out_w}, but they
3120 cannot depend on @var{x} and @var{y}, as @var{x} and @var{y} are
3121 evaluated after @var{out_w} and @var{out_h}.
3123 The @var{x} and @var{y} parameters specify the expressions for the
3124 position of the top-left corner of the output (non-cropped) area. They
3125 are evaluated for each frame. If the evaluated value is not valid, it
3126 is approximated to the nearest valid value.
3128 The expression for @var{x} may depend on @var{y}, and the expression
3129 for @var{y} may depend on @var{x}.
3131 @subsection Examples
3135 Crop area with size 100x100 at position (12,34).
3140 Using named options, the example above becomes:
3142 crop=w=100:h=100:x=12:y=34
3146 Crop the central input area with size 100x100:
3152 Crop the central input area with size 2/3 of the input video:
3154 crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h
3158 Crop the input video central square:
3165 Delimit the rectangle with the top-left corner placed at position
3166 100:100 and the right-bottom corner corresponding to the right-bottom
3167 corner of the input image.
3169 crop=in_w-100:in_h-100:100:100
3173 Crop 10 pixels from the left and right borders, and 20 pixels from
3174 the top and bottom borders
3176 crop=in_w-2*10:in_h-2*20
3180 Keep only the bottom right quarter of the input image:
3182 crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:in_w/2:in_h/2
3186 Crop height for getting Greek harmony:
3188 crop=in_w:1/PHI*in_w
3192 Appply trembling effect:
3194 crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(n/10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(n/7)
3198 Apply erratic camera effect depending on timestamp:
3200 crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(t*10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(t*13)"
3204 Set x depending on the value of y:
3206 crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:y:10+10*sin(n/10)
3212 Auto-detect the crop size.
3214 It calculates the necessary cropping parameters and prints the
3215 recommended parameters via the logging system. The detected dimensions
3216 correspond to the non-black area of the input video.
3218 It accepts the following parameters:
3223 Set higher black value threshold, which can be optionally specified
3224 from nothing (0) to everything (255). An intensity value greater
3225 to the set value is considered non-black. It defaults to 24.
3228 The value which the width/height should be divisible by. It defaults to
3229 16. The offset is automatically adjusted to center the video. Use 2 to
3230 get only even dimensions (needed for 4:2:2 video). 16 is best when
3231 encoding to most video codecs.
3233 @item reset_count, reset
3234 Set the counter that determines after how many frames cropdetect will
3235 reset the previously detected largest video area and start over to
3236 detect the current optimal crop area. Default value is 0.
3238 This can be useful when channel logos distort the video area. 0
3239 indicates 'never reset', and returns the largest area encountered during
3246 Apply color adjustments using curves.
3248 This filter is similar to the Adobe Photoshop and GIMP curves tools. Each
3249 component (red, green and blue) has its values defined by @var{N} key points
3250 tied from each other using a smooth curve. The x-axis represents the pixel
3251 values from the input frame, and the y-axis the new pixel values to be set for
3254 By default, a component curve is defined by the two points @var{(0;0)} and
3255 @var{(1;1)}. This creates a straight line where each original pixel value is
3256 "adjusted" to its own value, which means no change to the image.
3258 The filter allows you to redefine these two points and add some more. A new
3259 curve (using a natural cubic spline interpolation) will be define to pass
3260 smoothly through all these new coordinates. The new defined points needs to be
3261 strictly increasing over the x-axis, and their @var{x} and @var{y} values must
3262 be in the @var{[0;1]} interval. If the computed curves happened to go outside
3263 the vector spaces, the values will be clipped accordingly.
3265 If there is no key point defined in @code{x=0}, the filter will automatically
3266 insert a @var{(0;0)} point. In the same way, if there is no key point defined
3267 in @code{x=1}, the filter will automatically insert a @var{(1;1)} point.
3269 The filter accepts the following options:
3273 Select one of the available color presets. This option can be used in addition
3274 to the @option{r}, @option{g}, @option{b} parameters; in this case, the later
3275 options takes priority on the preset values.
3276 Available presets are:
3279 @item color_negative
3282 @item increase_contrast
3284 @item linear_contrast
3285 @item medium_contrast
3287 @item strong_contrast
3290 Default is @code{none}.
3292 Set the master key points. These points will define a second pass mapping. It
3293 is sometimes called a "luminance" or "value" mapping. It can be used with
3294 @option{r}, @option{g}, @option{b} or @option{all} since it acts like a
3295 post-processing LUT.
3297 Set the key points for the red component.
3299 Set the key points for the green component.
3301 Set the key points for the blue component.
3303 Set the key points for all components (not including master).
3304 Can be used in addition to the other key points component
3305 options. In this case, the unset component(s) will fallback on this
3306 @option{all} setting.
3308 Specify a Photoshop curves file (@code{.asv}) to import the settings from.
3311 To avoid some filtergraph syntax conflicts, each key points list need to be
3312 defined using the following syntax: @code{x0/y0 x1/y1 x2/y2 ...}.
3314 @subsection Examples
3318 Increase slightly the middle level of blue:
3320 curves=blue='0.5/0.58'
3326 curves=r='0/0.11 .42/.51 1/0.95':g='0.50/0.48':b='0/0.22 .49/.44 1/0.8'
3328 Here we obtain the following coordinates for each components:
3331 @code{(0;0.11) (0.42;0.51) (1;0.95)}
3333 @code{(0;0) (0.50;0.48) (1;1)}
3335 @code{(0;0.22) (0.49;0.44) (1;0.80)}
3339 The previous example can also be achieved with the associated built-in preset:
3341 curves=preset=vintage
3351 Use a Photoshop preset and redefine the points of the green component:
3353 curves=psfile='MyCurvesPresets/purple.asv':green='0.45/0.53'
3359 Denoise frames using 2D DCT (frequency domain filtering).
3361 This filter is not designed for real time.
3363 The filter accepts the following options:
3367 Set the noise sigma constant.
3369 This @var{sigma} defines a hard threshold of @code{3 * sigma}; every DCT
3370 coefficient (absolute value) below this threshold with be dropped.
3372 If you need a more advanced filtering, see @option{expr}.
3374 Default is @code{0}.
3377 Set number overlapping pixels for each block. Since the filter can be slow, you
3378 may want to reduce this value, at the cost of a less effective filter and the
3379 risk of various artefacts.
3381 If the overlapping value doesn't allow to process the whole input width or
3382 height, a warning will be displayed and according borders won't be denoised.
3384 Default value is @var{blocksize}-1, which is the best possible setting.
3387 Set the coefficient factor expression.
3389 For each coefficient of a DCT block, this expression will be evaluated as a
3390 multiplier value for the coefficient.
3392 If this is option is set, the @option{sigma} option will be ignored.
3394 The absolute value of the coefficient can be accessed through the @var{c}
3398 Set the @var{blocksize} using the number of bits. @code{1<<@var{n}} defines the
3399 @var{blocksize}, which is the width and height of the processed blocks.
3401 The default value is @var{3} (8x8) and can be raised to @var{4} for a
3402 @var{blocksize} of 16x16. Note that changing this setting has huge consequences
3403 on the speed processing. Also, a larger block size does not necessarily means a
3407 @subsection Examples
3409 Apply a denoise with a @option{sigma} of @code{4.5}:
3414 The same operation can be achieved using the expression system:
3416 dctdnoiz=e='gte(c, 4.5*3)'
3419 Violent denoise using a block size of @code{16x16}:
3427 Drop duplicated frames at regular intervals.
3429 The filter accepts the following options:
3433 Set the number of frames from which one will be dropped. Setting this to
3434 @var{N} means one frame in every batch of @var{N} frames will be dropped.
3435 Default is @code{5}.
3438 Set the threshold for duplicate detection. If the difference metric for a frame
3439 is less than or equal to this value, then it is declared as duplicate. Default
3443 Set scene change threshold. Default is @code{15}.
3447 Set the size of the x and y-axis blocks used during metric calculations.
3448 Larger blocks give better noise suppression, but also give worse detection of
3449 small movements. Must be a power of two. Default is @code{32}.
3452 Mark main input as a pre-processed input and activate clean source input
3453 stream. This allows the input to be pre-processed with various filters to help
3454 the metrics calculation while keeping the frame selection lossless. When set to
3455 @code{1}, the first stream is for the pre-processed input, and the second
3456 stream is the clean source from where the kept frames are chosen. Default is
3460 Set whether or not chroma is considered in the metric calculations. Default is
3466 Remove judder produced by partially interlaced telecined content.
3468 Judder can be introduced, for instance, by @ref{pullup} filter. If the original
3469 source was partially telecined content then the output of @code{pullup,dejudder}
3470 will have a variable frame rate. May change the recorded frame rate of the
3471 container. Aside from that change, this filter will not affect constant frame
3474 The option available in this filter is:
3478 Specify the length of the window over which the judder repeats.
3480 Accepts any integer greater than 1. Useful values are:
3484 If the original was telecined from 24 to 30 fps (Film to NTSC).
3487 If the original was telecined from 25 to 30 fps (PAL to NTSC).
3490 If a mixture of the two.
3493 The default is @samp{4}.
3498 Suppress a TV station logo by a simple interpolation of the surrounding
3499 pixels. Just set a rectangle covering the logo and watch it disappear
3500 (and sometimes something even uglier appear - your mileage may vary).
3502 It accepts the following parameters:
3507 Specify the top left corner coordinates of the logo. They must be
3512 Specify the width and height of the logo to clear. They must be
3516 Specify the thickness of the fuzzy edge of the rectangle (added to
3517 @var{w} and @var{h}). The default value is 4.
3520 When set to 1, a green rectangle is drawn on the screen to simplify
3521 finding the right @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w}, and @var{h} parameters.
3522 The default value is 0.
3524 The rectangle is drawn on the outermost pixels which will be (partly)
3525 replaced with interpolated values. The values of the next pixels
3526 immediately outside this rectangle in each direction will be used to
3527 compute the interpolated pixel values inside the rectangle.
3531 @subsection Examples
3535 Set a rectangle covering the area with top left corner coordinates 0,0
3536 and size 100x77, and a band of size 10:
3538 delogo=x=0:y=0:w=100:h=77:band=10
3545 Attempt to fix small changes in horizontal and/or vertical shift. This
3546 filter helps remove camera shake from hand-holding a camera, bumping a
3547 tripod, moving on a vehicle, etc.
3549 The filter accepts the following options:
3557 Specify a rectangular area where to limit the search for motion
3559 If desired the search for motion vectors can be limited to a
3560 rectangular area of the frame defined by its top left corner, width
3561 and height. These parameters have the same meaning as the drawbox
3562 filter which can be used to visualise the position of the bounding
3565 This is useful when simultaneous movement of subjects within the frame
3566 might be confused for camera motion by the motion vector search.
3568 If any or all of @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w} and @var{h} are set to -1
3569 then the full frame is used. This allows later options to be set
3570 without specifying the bounding box for the motion vector search.
3572 Default - search the whole frame.
3576 Specify the maximum extent of movement in x and y directions in the
3577 range 0-64 pixels. Default 16.
3580 Specify how to generate pixels to fill blanks at the edge of the
3581 frame. Available values are:
3584 Fill zeroes at blank locations
3586 Original image at blank locations
3588 Extruded edge value at blank locations
3590 Mirrored edge at blank locations
3592 Default value is @samp{mirror}.
3595 Specify the blocksize to use for motion search. Range 4-128 pixels,
3599 Specify the contrast threshold for blocks. Only blocks with more than
3600 the specified contrast (difference between darkest and lightest
3601 pixels) will be considered. Range 1-255, default 125.
3604 Specify the search strategy. Available values are:
3607 Set exhaustive search
3609 Set less exhaustive search.
3611 Default value is @samp{exhaustive}.
3614 If set then a detailed log of the motion search is written to the
3618 If set to 1, specify using OpenCL capabilities, only available if
3619 FFmpeg was configured with @code{--enable-opencl}. Default value is 0.
3625 Draw a colored box on the input image.
3627 It accepts the following parameters:
3632 The expressions which specify the top left corner coordinates of the box. It defaults to 0.
3636 The expressions which specify the width and height of the box; if 0 they are interpreted as
3637 the input width and height. It defaults to 0.
3640 Specify the color of the box to write. For the general syntax of this option,
3641 check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special
3642 value @code{invert} is used, the box edge color is the same as the
3643 video with inverted luma.
3646 The expression which sets the thickness of the box edge. Default value is @code{3}.
3648 See below for the list of accepted constants.
3651 The parameters for @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w} and @var{h} and @var{t} are expressions containing the
3652 following constants:
3656 The input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{w} / @var{h}) * @var{sar}.
3660 horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
3661 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
3665 The input width and height.
3668 The input sample aspect ratio.
3672 The x and y offset coordinates where the box is drawn.
3676 The width and height of the drawn box.
3679 The thickness of the drawn box.
3681 These constants allow the @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w}, @var{h} and @var{t} expressions to refer to
3682 each other, so you may for example specify @code{y=x/dar} or @code{h=w/dar}.
3686 @subsection Examples
3690 Draw a black box around the edge of the input image:
3696 Draw a box with color red and an opacity of 50%:
3698 drawbox=10:20:200:60:red@@0.5
3701 The previous example can be specified as:
3703 drawbox=x=10:y=20:w=200:h=60:color=red@@0.5
3707 Fill the box with pink color:
3709 drawbox=x=10:y=10:w=100:h=100:color=pink@@0.5:t=max
3713 Draw a 2-pixel red 2.40:1 mask:
3715 drawbox=x=-t:y=0.5*(ih-iw/2.4)-t:w=iw+t*2:h=iw/2.4+t*2:t=2:c=red
3721 Draw a grid on the input image.
3723 It accepts the following parameters:
3728 The expressions which specify the coordinates of some point of grid intersection (meant to configure offset). Both default to 0.
3732 The expressions which specify the width and height of the grid cell, if 0 they are interpreted as the
3733 input width and height, respectively, minus @code{thickness}, so image gets
3734 framed. Default to 0.
3737 Specify the color of the grid. For the general syntax of this option,
3738 check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special
3739 value @code{invert} is used, the grid color is the same as the
3740 video with inverted luma.
3743 The expression which sets the thickness of the grid line. Default value is @code{1}.
3745 See below for the list of accepted constants.
3748 The parameters for @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w} and @var{h} and @var{t} are expressions containing the
3749 following constants:
3753 The input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{w} / @var{h}) * @var{sar}.
3757 horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
3758 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
3762 The input grid cell width and height.
3765 The input sample aspect ratio.
3769 The x and y coordinates of some point of grid intersection (meant to configure offset).
3773 The width and height of the drawn cell.
3776 The thickness of the drawn cell.
3778 These constants allow the @var{x}, @var{y}, @var{w}, @var{h} and @var{t} expressions to refer to
3779 each other, so you may for example specify @code{y=x/dar} or @code{h=w/dar}.
3783 @subsection Examples
3787 Draw a grid with cell 100x100 pixels, thickness 2 pixels, with color red and an opacity of 50%:
3789 drawgrid=width=100:height=100:thickness=2:color=red@@0.5
3793 Draw a white 3x3 grid with an opacity of 50%:
3795 drawgrid=w=iw/3:h=ih/3:t=2:c=white@@0.5
3802 Draw a text string or text from a specified file on top of a video, using the
3803 libfreetype library.
3805 To enable compilation of this filter, you need to configure FFmpeg with
3806 @code{--enable-libfreetype}.
3807 To enable default font fallback and the @var{font} option you need to
3808 configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-libfontconfig}.
3809 To enable the @var{text_shaping} option, you need to configure FFmpeg with
3810 @code{--enable-libfribidi}.
3814 It accepts the following parameters:
3819 Used to draw a box around text using the background color.
3820 The value must be either 1 (enable) or 0 (disable).
3821 The default value of @var{box} is 0.
3824 The color to be used for drawing box around text. For the syntax of this
3825 option, check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
3827 The default value of @var{boxcolor} is "white".
3830 Set the width of the border to be drawn around the text using @var{bordercolor}.
3831 The default value of @var{borderw} is 0.
3834 Set the color to be used for drawing border around text. For the syntax of this
3835 option, check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
3837 The default value of @var{bordercolor} is "black".
3840 Select how the @var{text} is expanded. Can be either @code{none},
3841 @code{strftime} (deprecated) or
3842 @code{normal} (default). See the @ref{drawtext_expansion, Text expansion} section
3846 If true, check and fix text coords to avoid clipping.
3849 The color to be used for drawing fonts. For the syntax of this option, check
3850 the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
3852 The default value of @var{fontcolor} is "black".
3854 @item fontcolor_expr
3855 String which is expanded the same way as @var{text} to obtain dynamic
3856 @var{fontcolor} value. By default this option has empty value and is not
3857 processed. When this option is set, it overrides @var{fontcolor} option.
3860 The font family to be used for drawing text. By default Sans.
3863 The font file to be used for drawing text. The path must be included.
3864 This parameter is mandatory if the fontconfig support is disabled.
3867 The font size to be used for drawing text.
3868 The default value of @var{fontsize} is 16.
3871 If set to 1, attempt to shape the text (for example, reverse the order of
3872 right-to-left text and join Arabic characters) before drawing it.
3873 Otherwise, just draw the text exactly as given.
3874 By default 1 (if supported).
3877 The flags to be used for loading the fonts.
3879 The flags map the corresponding flags supported by libfreetype, and are
3880 a combination of the following values:
3887 @item vertical_layout
3888 @item force_autohint
3891 @item ignore_global_advance_width
3893 @item ignore_transform
3899 Default value is "default".
3901 For more information consult the documentation for the FT_LOAD_*
3905 The color to be used for drawing a shadow behind the drawn text. For the
3906 syntax of this option, check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
3908 The default value of @var{shadowcolor} is "black".
3912 The x and y offsets for the text shadow position with respect to the
3913 position of the text. They can be either positive or negative
3914 values. The default value for both is "0".
3917 The starting frame number for the n/frame_num variable. The default value
3921 The size in number of spaces to use for rendering the tab.
3925 Set the initial timecode representation in "hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff"
3926 format. It can be used with or without text parameter. @var{timecode_rate}
3927 option must be specified.
3929 @item timecode_rate, rate, r
3930 Set the timecode frame rate (timecode only).
3933 The text string to be drawn. The text must be a sequence of UTF-8
3935 This parameter is mandatory if no file is specified with the parameter
3939 A text file containing text to be drawn. The text must be a sequence
3940 of UTF-8 encoded characters.
3942 This parameter is mandatory if no text string is specified with the
3943 parameter @var{text}.
3945 If both @var{text} and @var{textfile} are specified, an error is thrown.
3948 If set to 1, the @var{textfile} will be reloaded before each frame.
3949 Be sure to update it atomically, or it may be read partially, or even fail.
3953 The expressions which specify the offsets where text will be drawn
3954 within the video frame. They are relative to the top/left border of the
3957 The default value of @var{x} and @var{y} is "0".
3959 See below for the list of accepted constants and functions.
3962 The parameters for @var{x} and @var{y} are expressions containing the
3963 following constants and functions:
3967 input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{w} / @var{h}) * @var{sar}
3971 horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
3972 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
3975 the height of each text line
3983 @item max_glyph_a, ascent
3984 the maximum distance from the baseline to the highest/upper grid
3985 coordinate used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered
3987 It is a positive value, due to the grid's orientation with the Y axis
3990 @item max_glyph_d, descent
3991 the maximum distance from the baseline to the lowest grid coordinate
3992 used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered glyphs.
3993 This is a negative value, due to the grid's orientation, with the Y axis
3997 maximum glyph height, that is the maximum height for all the glyphs
3998 contained in the rendered text, it is equivalent to @var{ascent} -
4002 maximum glyph width, that is the maximum width for all the glyphs
4003 contained in the rendered text
4006 the number of input frame, starting from 0
4008 @item rand(min, max)
4009 return a random number included between @var{min} and @var{max}
4012 The input sample aspect ratio.
4015 timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
4018 the height of the rendered text
4021 the width of the rendered text
4025 the x and y offset coordinates where the text is drawn.
4027 These parameters allow the @var{x} and @var{y} expressions to refer
4028 each other, so you can for example specify @code{y=x/dar}.
4031 @anchor{drawtext_expansion}
4032 @subsection Text expansion
4034 If @option{expansion} is set to @code{strftime},
4035 the filter recognizes strftime() sequences in the provided text and
4036 expands them accordingly. Check the documentation of strftime(). This
4037 feature is deprecated.
4039 If @option{expansion} is set to @code{none}, the text is printed verbatim.
4041 If @option{expansion} is set to @code{normal} (which is the default),
4042 the following expansion mechanism is used.
4044 The backslash character '\', followed by any character, always expands to
4045 the second character.
4047 Sequence of the form @code{%@{...@}} are expanded. The text between the
4048 braces is a function name, possibly followed by arguments separated by ':'.
4049 If the arguments contain special characters or delimiters (':' or '@}'),
4050 they should be escaped.
4052 Note that they probably must also be escaped as the value for the
4053 @option{text} option in the filter argument string and as the filter
4054 argument in the filtergraph description, and possibly also for the shell,
4055 that makes up to four levels of escaping; using a text file avoids these
4058 The following functions are available:
4063 The expression evaluation result.
4065 It must take one argument specifying the expression to be evaluated,
4066 which accepts the same constants and functions as the @var{x} and
4067 @var{y} values. Note that not all constants should be used, for
4068 example the text size is not known when evaluating the expression, so
4069 the constants @var{text_w} and @var{text_h} will have an undefined
4072 @item expr_int_format, eif
4073 Evaluate the expression's value and output as formatted integer.
4075 The first argument is the expression to be evaluated, just as for the @var{expr} function.
4076 The second argument specifies the output format. Allowed values are 'x', 'X', 'd' and
4077 'u'. They are treated exactly as in the printf function.
4078 The third parameter is optional and sets the number of positions taken by the output.
4079 It can be used to add padding with zeros from the left.
4082 The time at which the filter is running, expressed in UTC.
4083 It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string.
4086 The time at which the filter is running, expressed in the local time zone.
4087 It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string.
4090 Frame metadata. It must take one argument specifying metadata key.
4093 The frame number, starting from 0.
4096 A 1 character description of the current picture type.
4099 The timestamp of the current frame.
4100 It can take up to two arguments.
4102 The first argument is the format of the timestamp; it defaults to @code{flt}
4103 for seconds as a decimal number with microsecond accuracy; @code{hms} stands
4104 for a formatted @var{[-]HH:MM:SS.mmm} timestamp with millisecond accuracy.
4106 The second argument is an offset added to the timestamp.
4110 @subsection Examples
4114 Draw "Test Text" with font FreeSerif, using the default values for the
4115 optional parameters.
4118 drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text'"
4122 Draw 'Test Text' with font FreeSerif of size 24 at position x=100
4123 and y=50 (counting from the top-left corner of the screen), text is
4124 yellow with a red box around it. Both the text and the box have an
4128 drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text':\
4129 x=100: y=50: fontsize=24: fontcolor=yellow@@0.2: box=1: boxcolor=red@@0.2"
4132 Note that the double quotes are not necessary if spaces are not used
4133 within the parameter list.
4136 Show the text at the center of the video frame:
4138 drawtext="fontsize=30:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='hello world':x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h-line_h)/2"
4142 Show a text line sliding from right to left in the last row of the video
4143 frame. The file @file{LONG_LINE} is assumed to contain a single line
4146 drawtext="fontsize=15:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=LONG_LINE:y=h-line_h:x=-50*t"
4150 Show the content of file @file{CREDITS} off the bottom of the frame and scroll up.
4152 drawtext="fontsize=20:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=CREDITS:y=h-20*t"
4156 Draw a single green letter "g", at the center of the input video.
4157 The glyph baseline is placed at half screen height.
4159 drawtext="fontsize=60:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=green:text=g:x=(w-max_glyph_w)/2:y=h/2-ascent"
4163 Show text for 1 second every 3 seconds:
4165 drawtext="fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=white:x=100:y=x/dar:enable=lt(mod(t\,3)\,1):text='blink'"
4169 Use fontconfig to set the font. Note that the colons need to be escaped.
4171 drawtext='fontfile=Linux Libertine O-40\:style=Semibold:text=FFmpeg'
4175 Print the date of a real-time encoding (see strftime(3)):
4177 drawtext='fontfile=FreeSans.ttf:text=%@{localtime\:%a %b %d %Y@}'
4181 Show text fading in and out (appearing/disappearing):
4184 DS=1.0 # display start
4185 DE=10.0 # display end
4186 FID=1.5 # fade in duration
4187 FOD=5 # fade out duration
4188 ffplay -f lavfi "color,drawtext=text=TEST:fontsize=50:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor_expr=ff0000%@{eif\\\\: clip(255*(1*between(t\\, $DS + $FID\\, $DE - $FOD) + ((t - $DS)/$FID)*between(t\\, $DS\\, $DS + $FID) + (-(t - $DE)/$FOD)*between(t\\, $DE - $FOD\\, $DE) )\\, 0\\, 255) \\\\: x\\\\: 2 @}"
4193 For more information about libfreetype, check:
4194 @url{http://www.freetype.org/}.
4196 For more information about fontconfig, check:
4197 @url{http://freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html}.
4199 For more information about libfribidi, check:
4200 @url{http://fribidi.org/}.
4204 Detect and draw edges. The filter uses the Canny Edge Detection algorithm.
4206 The filter accepts the following options:
4211 Set low and high threshold values used by the Canny thresholding
4214 The high threshold selects the "strong" edge pixels, which are then
4215 connected through 8-connectivity with the "weak" edge pixels selected
4216 by the low threshold.
4218 @var{low} and @var{high} threshold values must be chosen in the range
4219 [0,1], and @var{low} should be lesser or equal to @var{high}.
4221 Default value for @var{low} is @code{20/255}, and default value for @var{high}
4225 Define the drawing mode.
4229 Draw white/gray wires on black background.
4232 Mix the colors to create a paint/cartoon effect.
4235 Default value is @var{wires}.
4238 @subsection Examples
4242 Standard edge detection with custom values for the hysteresis thresholding:
4244 edgedetect=low=0.1:high=0.4
4248 Painting effect without thresholding:
4250 edgedetect=mode=colormix:high=0
4254 @section extractplanes
4256 Extract color channel components from input video stream into
4257 separate grayscale video streams.
4259 The filter accepts the following option:
4263 Set plane(s) to extract.
4265 Available values for planes are:
4276 Choosing planes not available in the input will result in an error.
4277 That means you cannot select @code{r}, @code{g}, @code{b} planes
4278 with @code{y}, @code{u}, @code{v} planes at same time.
4281 @subsection Examples
4285 Extract luma, u and v color channel component from input video frame
4286 into 3 grayscale outputs:
4288 ffmpeg -i video.avi -filter_complex 'extractplanes=y+u+v[y][u][v]' -map '[y]' y.avi -map '[u]' u.avi -map '[v]' v.avi
4294 Apply a posterize effect using the ELBG (Enhanced LBG) algorithm.
4296 For each input image, the filter will compute the optimal mapping from
4297 the input to the output given the codebook length, that is the number
4298 of distinct output colors.
4300 This filter accepts the following options.
4303 @item codebook_length, l
4304 Set codebook length. The value must be a positive integer, and
4305 represents the number of distinct output colors. Default value is 256.
4308 Set the maximum number of iterations to apply for computing the optimal
4309 mapping. The higher the value the better the result and the higher the
4310 computation time. Default value is 1.
4313 Set a random seed, must be an integer included between 0 and
4314 UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly set to -1, the filter
4315 will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.
4320 Apply a fade-in/out effect to the input video.
4322 It accepts the following parameters:
4326 The effect type can be either "in" for a fade-in, or "out" for a fade-out
4328 Default is @code{in}.
4330 @item start_frame, s
4331 Specify the number of the frame to start applying the fade
4332 effect at. Default is 0.
4335 The number of frames that the fade effect lasts. At the end of the
4336 fade-in effect, the output video will have the same intensity as the input video.
4337 At the end of the fade-out transition, the output video will be filled with the
4338 selected @option{color}.
4342 If set to 1, fade only alpha channel, if one exists on the input.
4345 @item start_time, st
4346 Specify the timestamp (in seconds) of the frame to start to apply the fade
4347 effect. If both start_frame and start_time are specified, the fade will start at
4348 whichever comes last. Default is 0.
4351 The number of seconds for which the fade effect has to last. At the end of the
4352 fade-in effect the output video will have the same intensity as the input video,
4353 at the end of the fade-out transition the output video will be filled with the
4354 selected @option{color}.
4355 If both duration and nb_frames are specified, duration is used. Default is 0.
4358 Specify the color of the fade. Default is "black".
4361 @subsection Examples
4365 Fade in the first 30 frames of video:
4370 The command above is equivalent to:
4376 Fade out the last 45 frames of a 200-frame video:
4379 fade=type=out:start_frame=155:nb_frames=45
4383 Fade in the first 25 frames and fade out the last 25 frames of a 1000-frame video:
4385 fade=in:0:25, fade=out:975:25
4389 Make the first 5 frames yellow, then fade in from frame 5-24:
4391 fade=in:5:20:color=yellow
4395 Fade in alpha over first 25 frames of video:
4397 fade=in:0:25:alpha=1
4401 Make the first 5.5 seconds black, then fade in for 0.5 seconds:
4403 fade=t=in:st=5.5:d=0.5
4410 Extract a single field from an interlaced image using stride
4411 arithmetic to avoid wasting CPU time. The output frames are marked as
4414 The filter accepts the following options:
4418 Specify whether to extract the top (if the value is @code{0} or
4419 @code{top}) or the bottom field (if the value is @code{1} or
4425 Field matching filter for inverse telecine. It is meant to reconstruct the
4426 progressive frames from a telecined stream. The filter does not drop duplicated
4427 frames, so to achieve a complete inverse telecine @code{fieldmatch} needs to be
4428 followed by a decimation filter such as @ref{decimate} in the filtergraph.
4430 The separation of the field matching and the decimation is notably motivated by
4431 the possibility of inserting a de-interlacing filter fallback between the two.
4432 If the source has mixed telecined and real interlaced content,
4433 @code{fieldmatch} will not be able to match fields for the interlaced parts.
4434 But these remaining combed frames will be marked as interlaced, and thus can be
4435 de-interlaced by a later filter such as @ref{yadif} before decimation.
4437 In addition to the various configuration options, @code{fieldmatch} can take an
4438 optional second stream, activated through the @option{ppsrc} option. If
4439 enabled, the frames reconstruction will be based on the fields and frames from
4440 this second stream. This allows the first input to be pre-processed in order to
4441 help the various algorithms of the filter, while keeping the output lossless
4442 (assuming the fields are matched properly). Typically, a field-aware denoiser,
4443 or brightness/contrast adjustments can help.
4445 Note that this filter uses the same algorithms as TIVTC/TFM (AviSynth project)
4446 and VIVTC/VFM (VapourSynth project). The later is a light clone of TFM from
4447 which @code{fieldmatch} is based on. While the semantic and usage are very
4448 close, some behaviour and options names can differ.
4450 The @ref{decimate} filter currently only works for constant frame rate input.
4451 Do not use @code{fieldmatch} and @ref{decimate} if your input has mixed
4452 telecined and progressive content with changing framerate.
4454 The filter accepts the following options:
4458 Specify the assumed field order of the input stream. Available values are:
4462 Auto detect parity (use FFmpeg's internal parity value).
4464 Assume bottom field first.
4466 Assume top field first.
4469 Note that it is sometimes recommended not to trust the parity announced by the
4472 Default value is @var{auto}.
4475 Set the matching mode or strategy to use. @option{pc} mode is the safest in the
4476 sense that it won't risk creating jerkiness due to duplicate frames when
4477 possible, but if there are bad edits or blended fields it will end up
4478 outputting combed frames when a good match might actually exist. On the other
4479 hand, @option{pcn_ub} mode is the most risky in terms of creating jerkiness,
4480 but will almost always find a good frame if there is one. The other values are
4481 all somewhere in between @option{pc} and @option{pcn_ub} in terms of risking
4482 jerkiness and creating duplicate frames versus finding good matches in sections
4483 with bad edits, orphaned fields, blended fields, etc.
4485 More details about p/c/n/u/b are available in @ref{p/c/n/u/b meaning} section.
4487 Available values are:
4491 2-way matching (p/c)
4493 2-way matching, and trying 3rd match if still combed (p/c + n)
4495 2-way matching, and trying 3rd match (same order) if still combed (p/c + u)
4497 2-way matching, trying 3rd match if still combed, and trying 4th/5th matches if
4498 still combed (p/c + n + u/b)
4500 3-way matching (p/c/n)
4502 3-way matching, and trying 4th/5th matches if all 3 of the original matches are
4503 detected as combed (p/c/n + u/b)
4506 The parenthesis at the end indicate the matches that would be used for that
4507 mode assuming @option{order}=@var{tff} (and @option{field} on @var{auto} or
4510 In terms of speed @option{pc} mode is by far the fastest and @option{pcn_ub} is
4513 Default value is @var{pc_n}.
4516 Mark the main input stream as a pre-processed input, and enable the secondary
4517 input stream as the clean source to pick the fields from. See the filter
4518 introduction for more details. It is similar to the @option{clip2} feature from
4521 Default value is @code{0} (disabled).
4524 Set the field to match from. It is recommended to set this to the same value as
4525 @option{order} unless you experience matching failures with that setting. In
4526 certain circumstances changing the field that is used to match from can have a
4527 large impact on matching performance. Available values are:
4531 Automatic (same value as @option{order}).
4533 Match from the bottom field.
4535 Match from the top field.
4538 Default value is @var{auto}.
4541 Set whether or not chroma is included during the match comparisons. In most
4542 cases it is recommended to leave this enabled. You should set this to @code{0}
4543 only if your clip has bad chroma problems such as heavy rainbowing or other
4544 artifacts. Setting this to @code{0} could also be used to speed things up at
4545 the cost of some accuracy.
4547 Default value is @code{1}.
4551 These define an exclusion band which excludes the lines between @option{y0} and
4552 @option{y1} from being included in the field matching decision. An exclusion
4553 band can be used to ignore subtitles, a logo, or other things that may
4554 interfere with the matching. @option{y0} sets the starting scan line and
4555 @option{y1} sets the ending line; all lines in between @option{y0} and
4556 @option{y1} (including @option{y0} and @option{y1}) will be ignored. Setting
4557 @option{y0} and @option{y1} to the same value will disable the feature.
4558 @option{y0} and @option{y1} defaults to @code{0}.
4561 Set the scene change detection threshold as a percentage of maximum change on
4562 the luma plane. Good values are in the @code{[8.0, 14.0]} range. Scene change
4563 detection is only relevant in case @option{combmatch}=@var{sc}. The range for
4564 @option{scthresh} is @code{[0.0, 100.0]}.
4566 Default value is @code{12.0}.
4569 When @option{combatch} is not @var{none}, @code{fieldmatch} will take into
4570 account the combed scores of matches when deciding what match to use as the
4571 final match. Available values are:
4575 No final matching based on combed scores.
4577 Combed scores are only used when a scene change is detected.
4579 Use combed scores all the time.
4582 Default is @var{sc}.
4585 Force @code{fieldmatch} to calculate the combed metrics for certain matches and
4586 print them. This setting is known as @option{micout} in TFM/VFM vocabulary.
4587 Available values are:
4591 No forced calculation.
4593 Force p/c/n calculations.
4595 Force p/c/n/u/b calculations.
4598 Default value is @var{none}.
4601 This is the area combing threshold used for combed frame detection. This
4602 essentially controls how "strong" or "visible" combing must be to be detected.
4603 Larger values mean combing must be more visible and smaller values mean combing
4604 can be less visible or strong and still be detected. Valid settings are from
4605 @code{-1} (every pixel will be detected as combed) to @code{255} (no pixel will
4606 be detected as combed). This is basically a pixel difference value. A good
4607 range is @code{[8, 12]}.
4609 Default value is @code{9}.
4612 Sets whether or not chroma is considered in the combed frame decision. Only
4613 disable this if your source has chroma problems (rainbowing, etc.) that are
4614 causing problems for the combed frame detection with chroma enabled. Actually,
4615 using @option{chroma}=@var{0} is usually more reliable, except for the case
4616 where there is chroma only combing in the source.
4618 Default value is @code{0}.
4622 Respectively set the x-axis and y-axis size of the window used during combed
4623 frame detection. This has to do with the size of the area in which
4624 @option{combpel} pixels are required to be detected as combed for a frame to be
4625 declared combed. See the @option{combpel} parameter description for more info.
4626 Possible values are any number that is a power of 2 starting at 4 and going up
4629 Default value is @code{16}.
4632 The number of combed pixels inside any of the @option{blocky} by
4633 @option{blockx} size blocks on the frame for the frame to be detected as
4634 combed. While @option{cthresh} controls how "visible" the combing must be, this
4635 setting controls "how much" combing there must be in any localized area (a
4636 window defined by the @option{blockx} and @option{blocky} settings) on the
4637 frame. Minimum value is @code{0} and maximum is @code{blocky x blockx} (at
4638 which point no frames will ever be detected as combed). This setting is known
4639 as @option{MI} in TFM/VFM vocabulary.
4641 Default value is @code{80}.
4644 @anchor{p/c/n/u/b meaning}
4645 @subsection p/c/n/u/b meaning
4647 @subsubsection p/c/n
4649 We assume the following telecined stream:
4652 Top fields: 1 2 2 3 4
4653 Bottom fields: 1 2 3 4 4
4656 The numbers correspond to the progressive frame the fields relate to. Here, the
4657 first two frames are progressive, the 3rd and 4th are combed, and so on.
4659 When @code{fieldmatch} is configured to run a matching from bottom
4660 (@option{field}=@var{bottom}) this is how this input stream get transformed:
4665 B 1 2 3 4 4 <-- matching reference
4674 As a result of the field matching, we can see that some frames get duplicated.
4675 To perform a complete inverse telecine, you need to rely on a decimation filter
4676 after this operation. See for instance the @ref{decimate} filter.
4678 The same operation now matching from top fields (@option{field}=@var{top})
4683 T 1 2 2 3 4 <-- matching reference
4693 In these examples, we can see what @var{p}, @var{c} and @var{n} mean;
4694 basically, they refer to the frame and field of the opposite parity:
4697 @item @var{p} matches the field of the opposite parity in the previous frame
4698 @item @var{c} matches the field of the opposite parity in the current frame
4699 @item @var{n} matches the field of the opposite parity in the next frame
4704 The @var{u} and @var{b} matching are a bit special in the sense that they match
4705 from the opposite parity flag. In the following examples, we assume that we are
4706 currently matching the 2nd frame (Top:2, bottom:2). According to the match, a
4707 'x' is placed above and below each matched fields.
4709 With bottom matching (@option{field}=@var{bottom}):
4714 Top 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
4715 Bottom 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
4723 With top matching (@option{field}=@var{top}):
4728 Top 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2
4729 Bottom 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
4737 @subsection Examples
4739 Simple IVTC of a top field first telecined stream:
4741 fieldmatch=order=tff:combmatch=none, decimate
4744 Advanced IVTC, with fallback on @ref{yadif} for still combed frames:
4746 fieldmatch=order=tff:combmatch=full, yadif=deint=interlaced, decimate
4751 Transform the field order of the input video.
4753 It accepts the following parameters:
4758 The output field order. Valid values are @var{tff} for top field first or @var{bff}
4759 for bottom field first.
4762 The default value is @samp{tff}.
4764 The transformation is done by shifting the picture content up or down
4765 by one line, and filling the remaining line with appropriate picture content.
4766 This method is consistent with most broadcast field order converters.
4768 If the input video is not flagged as being interlaced, or it is already
4769 flagged as being of the required output field order, then this filter does
4770 not alter the incoming video.
4772 It is very useful when converting to or from PAL DV material,
4773 which is bottom field first.
4777 ffmpeg -i in.vob -vf "fieldorder=bff" out.dv
4782 Buffer input images and send them when they are requested.
4784 It is mainly useful when auto-inserted by the libavfilter
4787 It does not take parameters.
4792 Convert the input video to one of the specified pixel formats.
4793 Libavfilter will try to pick one that is suitable as input to
4796 It accepts the following parameters:
4800 A '|'-separated list of pixel format names, such as
4801 "pix_fmts=yuv420p|monow|rgb24".
4805 @subsection Examples
4809 Convert the input video to the @var{yuv420p} format
4811 format=pix_fmts=yuv420p
4814 Convert the input video to any of the formats in the list
4816 format=pix_fmts=yuv420p|yuv444p|yuv410p
4823 Convert the video to specified constant frame rate by duplicating or dropping
4824 frames as necessary.
4826 It accepts the following parameters:
4830 The desired output frame rate. The default is @code{25}.
4835 Possible values are:
4838 zero round towards 0
4842 round towards -infinity
4844 round towards +infinity
4848 The default is @code{near}.
4851 Assume the first PTS should be the given value, in seconds. This allows for
4852 padding/trimming at the start of stream. By default, no assumption is made
4853 about the first frame's expected PTS, so no padding or trimming is done.
4854 For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with duplicates of
4855 the first frame if a video stream starts after the audio stream or to trim any
4856 frames with a negative PTS.
4860 Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string:
4861 @var{fps}[:@var{round}].
4863 See also the @ref{setpts} filter.
4865 @subsection Examples
4869 A typical usage in order to set the fps to 25:
4875 Sets the fps to 24, using abbreviation and rounding method to round to nearest:
4877 fps=fps=film:round=near
4883 Pack two different video streams into a stereoscopic video, setting proper
4884 metadata on supported codecs. The two views should have the same size and
4885 framerate and processing will stop when the shorter video ends. Please note
4886 that you may conveniently adjust view properties with the @ref{scale} and
4889 It accepts the following parameters:
4893 The desired packing format. Supported values are:
4898 The views are next to each other (default).
4901 The views are on top of each other.
4904 The views are packed by line.
4907 The views are packed by column.
4910 The views are temporally interleaved.
4919 # Convert left and right views into a frame-sequential video
4920 ffmpeg -i LEFT -i RIGHT -filter_complex framepack=frameseq OUTPUT
4922 # Convert views into a side-by-side video with the same output resolution as the input
4923 ffmpeg -i LEFT -i RIGHT -filter_complex [0:v]scale=w=iw/2[left],[1:v]scale=w=iw/2[right],[left][right]framepack=sbs OUTPUT
4928 Select one frame every N-th frame.
4930 This filter accepts the following option:
4933 Select frame after every @code{step} frames.
4934 Allowed values are positive integers higher than 0. Default value is @code{1}.
4940 Apply a frei0r effect to the input video.
4942 To enable the compilation of this filter, you need to install the frei0r
4943 header and configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-frei0r}.
4945 It accepts the following parameters:
4950 The name of the frei0r effect to load. If the environment variable
4951 @env{FREI0R_PATH} is defined, the frei0r effect is searched for in each of the
4952 directories specified by the colon-separated list in @env{FREIOR_PATH}.
4953 Otherwise, the standard frei0r paths are searched, in this order:
4954 @file{HOME/.frei0r-1/lib/}, @file{/usr/local/lib/frei0r-1/},
4955 @file{/usr/lib/frei0r-1/}.
4958 A '|'-separated list of parameters to pass to the frei0r effect.
4962 A frei0r effect parameter can be a boolean (its value is either
4963 "y" or "n"), a double, a color (specified as
4964 @var{R}/@var{G}/@var{B}, where @var{R}, @var{G}, and @var{B} are floating point
4965 numbers between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive) or by a color description specified in the "Color"
4966 section in the ffmpeg-utils manual), a position (specified as @var{X}/@var{Y}, where
4967 @var{X} and @var{Y} are floating point numbers) and/or a string.
4969 The number and types of parameters depend on the loaded effect. If an
4970 effect parameter is not specified, the default value is set.
4972 @subsection Examples
4976 Apply the distort0r effect, setting the first two double parameters:
4978 frei0r=filter_name=distort0r:filter_params=0.5|0.01
4982 Apply the colordistance effect, taking a color as the first parameter:
4984 frei0r=colordistance:0.2/0.3/0.4
4985 frei0r=colordistance:violet
4986 frei0r=colordistance:0x112233
4990 Apply the perspective effect, specifying the top left and top right image
4993 frei0r=perspective:0.2/0.2|0.8/0.2
4997 For more information, see
4998 @url{http://frei0r.dyne.org}
5002 The filter accepts the following options:
5006 Set the luminance expression.
5008 Set the chrominance blue expression.
5010 Set the chrominance red expression.
5012 Set the alpha expression.
5014 Set the red expression.
5016 Set the green expression.
5018 Set the blue expression.
5021 The colorspace is selected according to the specified options. If one
5022 of the @option{lum_expr}, @option{cb_expr}, or @option{cr_expr}
5023 options is specified, the filter will automatically select a YCbCr
5024 colorspace. If one of the @option{red_expr}, @option{green_expr}, or
5025 @option{blue_expr} options is specified, it will select an RGB
5028 If one of the chrominance expression is not defined, it falls back on the other
5029 one. If no alpha expression is specified it will evaluate to opaque value.
5030 If none of chrominance expressions are specified, they will evaluate
5031 to the luminance expression.
5033 The expressions can use the following variables and functions:
5037 The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from @code{0}.
5041 The coordinates of the current sample.
5045 The width and height of the image.
5049 Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the
5050 ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current
5051 plane ones. E.g. for YUV4:2:0 the values are @code{1,1} for the luma plane, and
5052 @code{0.5,0.5} for chroma planes.
5055 Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds.
5058 Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the current
5062 Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the luminance
5066 Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the
5067 blue-difference chroma plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
5070 Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the
5071 red-difference chroma plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
5076 Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the
5077 red/green/blue component. Return 0 if there is no such component.
5080 Return the value of the pixel at location (@var{x},@var{y}) of the alpha
5081 plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
5084 For functions, if @var{x} and @var{y} are outside the area, the value will be
5085 automatically clipped to the closer edge.
5087 @subsection Examples
5091 Flip the image horizontally:
5097 Generate a bidimensional sine wave, with angle @code{PI/3} and a
5098 wavelength of 100 pixels:
5100 geq=128 + 100*sin(2*(PI/100)*(cos(PI/3)*(X-50*T) + sin(PI/3)*Y)):128:128
5104 Generate a fancy enigmatic moving light:
5106 nullsrc=s=256x256,geq=random(1)/hypot(X-cos(N*0.07)*W/2-W/2\,Y-sin(N*0.09)*H/2-H/2)^2*1000000*sin(N*0.02):128:128
5110 Generate a quick emboss effect:
5112 format=gray,geq=lum_expr='(p(X,Y)+(256-p(X-4,Y-4)))/2'
5116 Modify RGB components depending on pixel position:
5118 geq=r='X/W*r(X,Y)':g='(1-X/W)*g(X,Y)':b='(H-Y)/H*b(X,Y)'
5122 Create a radial gradient that is the same size as the input (also see
5123 the @ref{vignette} filter):
5125 geq=lum=255*gauss((X/W-0.5)*3)*gauss((Y/H-0.5)*3)/gauss(0)/gauss(0),format=gray
5129 Create a linear gradient to use as a mask for another filter, then
5130 compose with @ref{overlay}. In this example the video will gradually
5131 become more blurry from the top to the bottom of the y-axis as defined
5132 by the linear gradient:
5134 ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "geq=lum=255*(Y/H),format=gray[grad];[0:v]boxblur=4[blur];[blur][grad]alphamerge[alpha];[0:v][alpha]overlay" output.mp4
5140 Fix the banding artifacts that are sometimes introduced into nearly flat
5141 regions by truncation to 8bit color depth.
5142 Interpolate the gradients that should go where the bands are, and
5145 It is designed for playback only. Do not use it prior to
5146 lossy compression, because compression tends to lose the dither and
5147 bring back the bands.
5149 It accepts the following parameters:
5154 The maximum amount by which the filter will change any one pixel. This is also
5155 the threshold for detecting nearly flat regions. Acceptable values range from
5156 .51 to 64; the default value is 1.2. Out-of-range values will be clipped to the
5160 The neighborhood to fit the gradient to. A larger radius makes for smoother
5161 gradients, but also prevents the filter from modifying the pixels near detailed
5162 regions. Acceptable values are 8-32; the default value is 16. Out-of-range
5163 values will be clipped to the valid range.
5167 Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string:
5168 @var{strength}[:@var{radius}]
5170 @subsection Examples
5174 Apply the filter with a @code{3.5} strength and radius of @code{8}:
5180 Specify radius, omitting the strength (which will fall-back to the default
5191 Apply a Hald CLUT to a video stream.
5193 First input is the video stream to process, and second one is the Hald CLUT.
5194 The Hald CLUT input can be a simple picture or a complete video stream.
5196 The filter accepts the following options:
5200 Force termination when the shortest input terminates. Default is @code{0}.
5202 Continue applying the last CLUT after the end of the stream. A value of
5203 @code{0} disable the filter after the last frame of the CLUT is reached.
5204 Default is @code{1}.
5207 @code{haldclut} also has the same interpolation options as @ref{lut3d} (both
5208 filters share the same internals).
5210 More information about the Hald CLUT can be found on Eskil Steenberg's website
5211 (Hald CLUT author) at @url{http://www.quelsolaar.com/technology/clut.html}.
5213 @subsection Workflow examples
5215 @subsubsection Hald CLUT video stream
5217 Generate an identity Hald CLUT stream altered with various effects:
5219 ffmpeg -f lavfi -i @ref{haldclutsrc}=8 -vf "hue=H=2*PI*t:s=sin(2*PI*t)+1, curves=cross_process" -t 10 -c:v ffv1 clut.nut
5222 Note: make sure you use a lossless codec.
5224 Then use it with @code{haldclut} to apply it on some random stream:
5226 ffmpeg -f lavfi -i mandelbrot -i clut.nut -filter_complex '[0][1] haldclut' -t 20 mandelclut.mkv
5229 The Hald CLUT will be applied to the 10 first seconds (duration of
5230 @file{clut.nut}), then the latest picture of that CLUT stream will be applied
5231 to the remaining frames of the @code{mandelbrot} stream.
5233 @subsubsection Hald CLUT with preview
5235 A Hald CLUT is supposed to be a squared image of @code{Level*Level*Level} by
5236 @code{Level*Level*Level} pixels. For a given Hald CLUT, FFmpeg will select the
5237 biggest possible square starting at the top left of the picture. The remaining
5238 padding pixels (bottom or right) will be ignored. This area can be used to add
5239 a preview of the Hald CLUT.
5241 Typically, the following generated Hald CLUT will be supported by the
5242 @code{haldclut} filter:
5245 ffmpeg -f lavfi -i @ref{haldclutsrc}=8 -vf "
5246 pad=iw+320 [padded_clut];
5247 smptebars=s=320x256, split [a][b];
5248 [padded_clut][a] overlay=W-320:h, curves=color_negative [main];
5249 [main][b] overlay=W-320" -frames:v 1 clut.png
5252 It contains the original and a preview of the effect of the CLUT: SMPTE color
5253 bars are displayed on the right-top, and below the same color bars processed by
5256 Then, the effect of this Hald CLUT can be visualized with:
5258 ffplay input.mkv -vf "movie=clut.png, [in] haldclut"
5263 Flip the input video horizontally.
5265 For example, to horizontally flip the input video with @command{ffmpeg}:
5267 ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "hflip" out.avi
5271 This filter applies a global color histogram equalization on a
5274 It can be used to correct video that has a compressed range of pixel
5275 intensities. The filter redistributes the pixel intensities to
5276 equalize their distribution across the intensity range. It may be
5277 viewed as an "automatically adjusting contrast filter". This filter is
5278 useful only for correcting degraded or poorly captured source
5281 The filter accepts the following options:
5285 Determine the amount of equalization to be applied. As the strength
5286 is reduced, the distribution of pixel intensities more-and-more
5287 approaches that of the input frame. The value must be a float number
5288 in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.200.
5291 Set the maximum intensity that can generated and scale the output
5292 values appropriately. The strength should be set as desired and then
5293 the intensity can be limited if needed to avoid washing-out. The value
5294 must be a float number in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.210.
5297 Set the antibanding level. If enabled the filter will randomly vary
5298 the luminance of output pixels by a small amount to avoid banding of
5299 the histogram. Possible values are @code{none}, @code{weak} or
5300 @code{strong}. It defaults to @code{none}.
5305 Compute and draw a color distribution histogram for the input video.
5307 The computed histogram is a representation of the color component
5308 distribution in an image.
5310 The filter accepts the following options:
5316 It accepts the following values:
5319 Standard histogram that displays the color components distribution in an
5320 image. Displays color graph for each color component. Shows distribution of
5321 the Y, U, V, A or R, G, B components, depending on input format, in the
5322 current frame. Below each graph a color component scale meter is shown.
5325 Displays chroma values (U/V color placement) in a two dimensional
5326 graph (which is called a vectorscope). The brighter a pixel in the
5327 vectorscope, the more pixels of the input frame correspond to that pixel
5328 (i.e., more pixels have this chroma value). The V component is displayed on
5329 the horizontal (X) axis, with the leftmost side being V = 0 and the rightmost
5330 side being V = 255. The U component is displayed on the vertical (Y) axis,
5331 with the top representing U = 0 and the bottom representing U = 255.
5333 The position of a white pixel in the graph corresponds to the chroma value of
5334 a pixel of the input clip. The graph can therefore be used to read the hue
5335 (color flavor) and the saturation (the dominance of the hue in the color). As
5336 the hue of a color changes, it moves around the square. At the center of the
5337 square the saturation is zero, which means that the corresponding pixel has no
5338 color. If the amount of a specific color is increased (while leaving the other
5339 colors unchanged) the saturation increases, and the indicator moves towards
5340 the edge of the square.
5343 Chroma values in vectorscope, similar as @code{color} but actual chroma values
5347 Per row/column color component graph. In row mode, the graph on the left side
5348 represents color component value 0 and the right side represents value = 255.
5349 In column mode, the top side represents color component value = 0 and bottom
5350 side represents value = 255.
5352 Default value is @code{levels}.
5355 Set height of level in @code{levels}. Default value is @code{200}.
5356 Allowed range is [50, 2048].
5359 Set height of color scale in @code{levels}. Default value is @code{12}.
5360 Allowed range is [0, 40].
5363 Set step for @code{waveform} mode. Smaller values are useful to find out how
5364 many values of the same luminance are distributed across input rows/columns.
5365 Default value is @code{10}. Allowed range is [1, 255].
5368 Set mode for @code{waveform}. Can be either @code{row}, or @code{column}.
5369 Default is @code{row}.
5371 @item waveform_mirror
5372 Set mirroring mode for @code{waveform}. @code{0} means unmirrored, @code{1}
5373 means mirrored. In mirrored mode, higher values will be represented on the left
5374 side for @code{row} mode and at the top for @code{column} mode. Default is
5375 @code{0} (unmirrored).
5378 Set display mode for @code{waveform} and @code{levels}.
5379 It accepts the following values:
5382 Display separate graph for the color components side by side in
5383 @code{row} waveform mode or one below the other in @code{column} waveform mode
5384 for @code{waveform} histogram mode. For @code{levels} histogram mode,
5385 per color component graphs are placed below each other.
5387 Using this display mode in @code{waveform} histogram mode makes it easy to
5388 spot color casts in the highlights and shadows of an image, by comparing the
5389 contours of the top and the bottom graphs of each waveform. Since whites,
5390 grays, and blacks are characterized by exactly equal amounts of red, green,
5391 and blue, neutral areas of the picture should display three waveforms of
5392 roughly equal width/height. If not, the correction is easy to perform by
5393 making level adjustments the three waveforms.
5396 Presents information identical to that in the @code{parade}, except
5397 that the graphs representing color components are superimposed directly
5400 This display mode in @code{waveform} histogram mode makes it easier to spot
5401 relative differences or similarities in overlapping areas of the color
5402 components that are supposed to be identical, such as neutral whites, grays,
5405 Default is @code{parade}.
5408 Set mode for @code{levels}. Can be either @code{linear}, or @code{logarithmic}.
5409 Default is @code{linear}.
5412 @subsection Examples
5417 Calculate and draw histogram:
5419 ffplay -i input -vf histogram
5427 This is a high precision/quality 3d denoise filter. It aims to reduce
5428 image noise, producing smooth images and making still images really
5429 still. It should enhance compressibility.
5431 It accepts the following optional parameters:
5435 A non-negative floating point number which specifies spatial luma strength.
5438 @item chroma_spatial
5439 A non-negative floating point number which specifies spatial chroma strength.
5440 It defaults to 3.0*@var{luma_spatial}/4.0.
5443 A floating point number which specifies luma temporal strength. It defaults to
5444 6.0*@var{luma_spatial}/4.0.
5447 A floating point number which specifies chroma temporal strength. It defaults to
5448 @var{luma_tmp}*@var{chroma_spatial}/@var{luma_spatial}.
5453 Apply a high-quality magnification filter designed for pixel art. This filter
5454 was originally created by Maxim Stepin.
5456 It accepts the following option:
5460 Set the scaling dimension: @code{2} for @code{hq2x}, @code{3} for
5461 @code{hq3x} and @code{4} for @code{hq4x}.
5462 Default is @code{3}.
5467 Modify the hue and/or the saturation of the input.
5469 It accepts the following parameters:
5473 Specify the hue angle as a number of degrees. It accepts an expression,
5474 and defaults to "0".
5477 Specify the saturation in the [-10,10] range. It accepts an expression and
5481 Specify the hue angle as a number of radians. It accepts an
5482 expression, and defaults to "0".
5485 Specify the brightness in the [-10,10] range. It accepts an expression and
5489 @option{h} and @option{H} are mutually exclusive, and can't be
5490 specified at the same time.
5492 The @option{b}, @option{h}, @option{H} and @option{s} option values are
5493 expressions containing the following constants:
5497 frame count of the input frame starting from 0
5500 presentation timestamp of the input frame expressed in time base units
5503 frame rate of the input video, NAN if the input frame rate is unknown
5506 timestamp expressed in seconds, NAN if the input timestamp is unknown
5509 time base of the input video
5512 @subsection Examples
5516 Set the hue to 90 degrees and the saturation to 1.0:
5522 Same command but expressing the hue in radians:
5528 Rotate hue and make the saturation swing between 0
5529 and 2 over a period of 1 second:
5531 hue="H=2*PI*t: s=sin(2*PI*t)+1"
5535 Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-in effect starting at 0:
5540 The general fade-in expression can be written as:
5542 hue="s=min(0\, max((t-START)/DURATION\, 1))"
5546 Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-out effect starting at 5 seconds:
5548 hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (8-t)/3))"
5551 The general fade-out expression can be written as:
5553 hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (START+DURATION-t)/DURATION))"
5558 @subsection Commands
5560 This filter supports the following commands:
5566 Modify the hue and/or the saturation and/or brightness of the input video.
5567 The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
5569 If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
5575 Detect video interlacing type.
5577 This filter tries to detect if the input frames as interlaced, progressive,
5578 top or bottom field first. It will also try and detect fields that are
5579 repeated between adjacent frames (a sign of telecine).
5581 Single frame detection considers only immediately adjacent frames when classifying each frame.
5582 Multiple frame detection incorporates the classification history of previous frames.
5584 The filter will log these metadata values:
5587 @item single.current_frame
5588 Detected type of current frame using single-frame detection. One of:
5589 ``tff'' (top field first), ``bff'' (bottom field first),
5590 ``progressive'', or ``undetermined''
5593 Cumulative number of frames detected as top field first using single-frame detection.
5596 Cumulative number of frames detected as top field first using multiple-frame detection.
5599 Cumulative number of frames detected as bottom field first using single-frame detection.
5601 @item multiple.current_frame
5602 Detected type of current frame using multiple-frame detection. One of:
5603 ``tff'' (top field first), ``bff'' (bottom field first),
5604 ``progressive'', or ``undetermined''
5607 Cumulative number of frames detected as bottom field first using multiple-frame detection.
5609 @item single.progressive
5610 Cumulative number of frames detected as progressive using single-frame detection.
5612 @item multiple.progressive
5613 Cumulative number of frames detected as progressive using multiple-frame detection.
5615 @item single.undetermined
5616 Cumulative number of frames that could not be classified using single-frame detection.
5618 @item multiple.undetermined
5619 Cumulative number of frames that could not be classified using multiple-frame detection.
5621 @item repeated.current_frame
5622 Which field in the current frame is repeated from the last. One of ``neither'', ``top'', or ``bottom''.
5624 @item repeated.neither
5625 Cumulative number of frames with no repeated field.
5628 Cumulative number of frames with the top field repeated from the previous frame's top field.
5630 @item repeated.bottom
5631 Cumulative number of frames with the bottom field repeated from the previous frame's bottom field.
5634 The filter accepts the following options:
5638 Set interlacing threshold.
5640 Set progressive threshold.
5642 Threshold for repeated field detection.
5644 Number of frames after which a given frame's contribution to the
5645 statistics is halved (i.e., it contributes only 0.5 to it's
5646 classification). The default of 0 means that all frames seen are given
5647 full weight of 1.0 forever.
5652 Deinterleave or interleave fields.
5654 This filter allows one to process interlaced images fields without
5655 deinterlacing them. Deinterleaving splits the input frame into 2
5656 fields (so called half pictures). Odd lines are moved to the top
5657 half of the output image, even lines to the bottom half.
5658 You can process (filter) them independently and then re-interleave them.
5660 The filter accepts the following options:
5664 @item chroma_mode, c
5666 Available values for @var{luma_mode}, @var{chroma_mode} and
5667 @var{alpha_mode} are:
5673 @item deinterleave, d
5674 Deinterleave fields, placing one above the other.
5677 Interleave fields. Reverse the effect of deinterleaving.
5679 Default value is @code{none}.
5682 @item chroma_swap, cs
5683 @item alpha_swap, as
5684 Swap luma/chroma/alpha fields. Exchange even & odd lines. Default value is @code{0}.
5689 Simple interlacing filter from progressive contents. This interleaves upper (or
5690 lower) lines from odd frames with lower (or upper) lines from even frames,
5691 halving the frame rate and preserving image height.
5694 Original Original New Frame
5695 Frame 'j' Frame 'j+1' (tff)
5696 ========== =========== ==================
5697 Line 0 --------------------> Frame 'j' Line 0
5698 Line 1 Line 1 ----> Frame 'j+1' Line 1
5699 Line 2 ---------------------> Frame 'j' Line 2
5700 Line 3 Line 3 ----> Frame 'j+1' Line 3
5702 New Frame + 1 will be generated by Frame 'j+2' and Frame 'j+3' and so on
5705 It accepts the following optional parameters:
5709 This determines whether the interlaced frame is taken from the even
5710 (tff - default) or odd (bff) lines of the progressive frame.
5713 Enable (default) or disable the vertical lowpass filter to avoid twitter
5714 interlacing and reduce moire patterns.
5719 Deinterlace input video by applying Donald Graft's adaptive kernel
5720 deinterling. Work on interlaced parts of a video to produce
5723 The description of the accepted parameters follows.
5727 Set the threshold which affects the filter's tolerance when
5728 determining if a pixel line must be processed. It must be an integer
5729 in the range [0,255] and defaults to 10. A value of 0 will result in
5730 applying the process on every pixels.
5733 Paint pixels exceeding the threshold value to white if set to 1.
5737 Set the fields order. Swap fields if set to 1, leave fields alone if
5741 Enable additional sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0.
5744 Enable twoway sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0.
5747 @subsection Examples
5751 Apply default values:
5753 kerndeint=thresh=10:map=0:order=0:sharp=0:twoway=0
5757 Enable additional sharpening:
5763 Paint processed pixels in white:
5769 @section lenscorrection
5771 Correct radial lens distortion
5773 This filter can be used to correct for radial distortion as can result from the use
5774 of wide angle lenses, and thereby re-rectify the image. To find the right parameters
5775 one can use tools available for example as part of opencv or simply trial-and-error.
5776 To use opencv use the calibration sample (under samples/cpp) from the opencv sources
5777 and extract the k1 and k2 coefficients from the resulting matrix.
5779 Note that effectively the same filter is available in the open-source tools Krita and
5780 Digikam from the KDE project.
5782 In contrast to the @ref{vignette} filter, which can also be used to compensate lens errors,
5783 this filter corrects the distortion of the image, whereas @ref{vignette} corrects the
5784 brightness distribution, so you may want to use both filters together in certain
5785 cases, though you will have to take care of ordering, i.e. whether vignetting should
5786 be applied before or after lens correction.
5790 The filter accepts the following options:
5794 Relative x-coordinate of the focal point of the image, and thereby the center of the
5795 distrortion. This value has a range [0,1] and is expressed as fractions of the image
5798 Relative y-coordinate of the focal point of the image, and thereby the center of the
5799 distrortion. This value has a range [0,1] and is expressed as fractions of the image
5802 Coefficient of the quadratic correction term. 0.5 means no correction.
5804 Coefficient of the double quadratic correction term. 0.5 means no correction.
5807 The formula that generates the correction is:
5809 @var{r_src} = @var{r_tgt} * (1 + @var{k1} * (@var{r_tgt} / @var{r_0})^2 + @var{k2} * (@var{r_tgt} / @var{r_0})^4)
5811 where @var{r_0} is halve of the image diagonal and @var{r_src} and @var{r_tgt} are the
5812 distances from the focal point in the source and target images, respectively.
5817 Apply a 3D LUT to an input video.
5819 The filter accepts the following options:
5823 Set the 3D LUT file name.
5825 Currently supported formats:
5837 Select interpolation mode.
5839 Available values are:
5843 Use values from the nearest defined point.
5845 Interpolate values using the 8 points defining a cube.
5847 Interpolate values using a tetrahedron.
5851 @section lut, lutrgb, lutyuv
5853 Compute a look-up table for binding each pixel component input value
5854 to an output value, and apply it to the input video.
5856 @var{lutyuv} applies a lookup table to a YUV input video, @var{lutrgb}
5857 to an RGB input video.
5859 These filters accept the following parameters:
5862 set first pixel component expression
5864 set second pixel component expression
5866 set third pixel component expression
5868 set fourth pixel component expression, corresponds to the alpha component
5871 set red component expression
5873 set green component expression
5875 set blue component expression
5877 alpha component expression
5880 set Y/luminance component expression
5882 set U/Cb component expression
5884 set V/Cr component expression
5887 Each of them specifies the expression to use for computing the lookup table for
5888 the corresponding pixel component values.
5890 The exact component associated to each of the @var{c*} options depends on the
5893 The @var{lut} filter requires either YUV or RGB pixel formats in input,
5894 @var{lutrgb} requires RGB pixel formats in input, and @var{lutyuv} requires YUV.
5896 The expressions can contain the following constants and functions:
5901 The input width and height.
5904 The input value for the pixel component.
5907 The input value, clipped to the @var{minval}-@var{maxval} range.
5910 The maximum value for the pixel component.
5913 The minimum value for the pixel component.
5916 The negated value for the pixel component value, clipped to the
5917 @var{minval}-@var{maxval} range; it corresponds to the expression
5918 "maxval-clipval+minval".
5921 The computed value in @var{val}, clipped to the
5922 @var{minval}-@var{maxval} range.
5924 @item gammaval(gamma)
5925 The computed gamma correction value of the pixel component value,
5926 clipped to the @var{minval}-@var{maxval} range. It corresponds to the
5928 "pow((clipval-minval)/(maxval-minval)\,@var{gamma})*(maxval-minval)+minval"
5932 All expressions default to "val".
5934 @subsection Examples
5940 lutrgb="r=maxval+minval-val:g=maxval+minval-val:b=maxval+minval-val"
5941 lutyuv="y=maxval+minval-val:u=maxval+minval-val:v=maxval+minval-val"
5944 The above is the same as:
5946 lutrgb="r=negval:g=negval:b=negval"
5947 lutyuv="y=negval:u=negval:v=negval"
5957 Remove chroma components, turning the video into a graytone image:
5959 lutyuv="u=128:v=128"
5963 Apply a luma burning effect:
5969 Remove green and blue components:
5975 Set a constant alpha channel value on input:
5977 format=rgba,lutrgb=a="maxval-minval/2"
5981 Correct luminance gamma by a factor of 0.5:
5983 lutyuv=y=gammaval(0.5)
5987 Discard least significant bits of luma:
5989 lutyuv=y='bitand(val, 128+64+32)'
5993 @section mergeplanes
5995 Merge color channel components from several video streams.
5997 The filter accepts up to 4 input streams, and merge selected input
5998 planes to the output video.
6000 This filter accepts the following options:
6003 Set input to output plane mapping. Default is @code{0}.
6005 The mappings is specified as a bitmap. It should be specified as a
6006 hexadecimal number in the form 0xAa[Bb[Cc[Dd]]]. 'Aa' describes the
6007 mapping for the first plane of the output stream. 'A' sets the number of
6008 the input stream to use (from 0 to 3), and 'a' the plane number of the
6009 corresponding input to use (from 0 to 3). The rest of the mappings is
6010 similar, 'Bb' describes the mapping for the output stream second
6011 plane, 'Cc' describes the mapping for the output stream third plane and
6012 'Dd' describes the mapping for the output stream fourth plane.
6015 Set output pixel format. Default is @code{yuva444p}.
6018 @subsection Examples
6022 Merge three gray video streams of same width and height into single video stream:
6024 [a0][a1][a2]mergeplanes=0x001020:yuv444p
6028 Merge 1st yuv444p stream and 2nd gray video stream into yuva444p video stream:
6030 [a0][a1]mergeplanes=0x00010210:yuva444p
6034 Swap Y and A plane in yuva444p stream:
6036 format=yuva444p,mergeplanes=0x03010200:yuva444p
6040 Swap U and V plane in yuv420p stream:
6042 format=yuv420p,mergeplanes=0x000201:yuv420p
6046 Cast a rgb24 clip to yuv444p:
6048 format=rgb24,mergeplanes=0x000102:yuv444p
6054 Apply motion-compensation deinterlacing.
6056 It needs one field per frame as input and must thus be used together
6057 with yadif=1/3 or equivalent.
6059 This filter accepts the following options:
6062 Set the deinterlacing mode.
6064 It accepts one of the following values:
6069 use iterative motion estimation
6071 like @samp{slow}, but use multiple reference frames.
6073 Default value is @samp{fast}.
6076 Set the picture field parity assumed for the input video. It must be
6077 one of the following values:
6081 assume top field first
6083 assume bottom field first
6086 Default value is @samp{bff}.
6089 Set per-block quantization parameter (QP) used by the internal
6092 Higher values should result in a smoother motion vector field but less
6093 optimal individual vectors. Default value is 1.
6098 Apply an MPlayer filter to the input video.
6100 This filter provides a wrapper around some of the filters of
6103 This wrapper is considered experimental. Some of the wrapped filters
6104 may not work properly and we may drop support for them, as they will
6105 be implemented natively into FFmpeg. Thus you should avoid
6106 depending on them when writing portable scripts.
6108 The filter accepts the parameters:
6109 @var{filter_name}[:=]@var{filter_params}
6111 @var{filter_name} is the name of a supported MPlayer filter,
6112 @var{filter_params} is a string containing the parameters accepted by
6115 The list of the currently supported filters follows:
6125 The parameter syntax and behavior for the listed filters are the same
6126 of the corresponding MPlayer filters. For detailed instructions check
6127 the "VIDEO FILTERS" section in the MPlayer manual.
6129 @subsection Examples
6133 Adjust gamma, brightness, contrast:
6139 See also mplayer(1), @url{http://www.mplayerhq.hu/}.
6143 Drop frames that do not differ greatly from the previous frame in
6144 order to reduce frame rate.
6146 The main use of this filter is for very-low-bitrate encoding
6147 (e.g. streaming over dialup modem), but it could in theory be used for
6148 fixing movies that were inverse-telecined incorrectly.
6150 A description of the accepted options follows.
6154 Set the maximum number of consecutive frames which can be dropped (if
6155 positive), or the minimum interval between dropped frames (if
6156 negative). If the value is 0, the frame is dropped unregarding the
6157 number of previous sequentially dropped frames.
6164 Set the dropping threshold values.
6166 Values for @option{hi} and @option{lo} are for 8x8 pixel blocks and
6167 represent actual pixel value differences, so a threshold of 64
6168 corresponds to 1 unit of difference for each pixel, or the same spread
6169 out differently over the block.
6171 A frame is a candidate for dropping if no 8x8 blocks differ by more
6172 than a threshold of @option{hi}, and if no more than @option{frac} blocks (1
6173 meaning the whole image) differ by more than a threshold of @option{lo}.
6175 Default value for @option{hi} is 64*12, default value for @option{lo} is
6176 64*5, and default value for @option{frac} is 0.33.
6184 It accepts an integer in input; if non-zero it negates the
6185 alpha component (if available). The default value in input is 0.
6189 Force libavfilter not to use any of the specified pixel formats for the
6190 input to the next filter.
6192 It accepts the following parameters:
6196 A '|'-separated list of pixel format names, such as
6197 apix_fmts=yuv420p|monow|rgb24".
6201 @subsection Examples
6205 Force libavfilter to use a format different from @var{yuv420p} for the
6206 input to the vflip filter:
6208 noformat=pix_fmts=yuv420p,vflip
6212 Convert the input video to any of the formats not contained in the list:
6214 noformat=yuv420p|yuv444p|yuv410p
6220 Add noise on video input frame.
6222 The filter accepts the following options:
6230 Set noise seed for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
6231 of @var{all_seed}. Default value is @code{123457}.
6233 @item all_strength, alls
6234 @item c0_strength, c0s
6235 @item c1_strength, c1s
6236 @item c2_strength, c2s
6237 @item c3_strength, c3s
6238 Set noise strength for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case
6239 @var{all_strength}. Default value is @code{0}. Allowed range is [0, 100].
6241 @item all_flags, allf
6246 Set pixel component flags or set flags for all components if @var{all_flags}.
6247 Available values for component flags are:
6250 averaged temporal noise (smoother)
6252 mix random noise with a (semi)regular pattern
6254 temporal noise (noise pattern changes between frames)
6256 uniform noise (gaussian otherwise)
6260 @subsection Examples
6262 Add temporal and uniform noise to input video:
6264 noise=alls=20:allf=t+u
6269 Pass the video source unchanged to the output.
6273 Apply a video transform using libopencv.
6275 To enable this filter, install the libopencv library and headers and
6276 configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-libopencv}.
6278 It accepts the following parameters:
6283 The name of the libopencv filter to apply.
6286 The parameters to pass to the libopencv filter. If not specified, the default
6291 Refer to the official libopencv documentation for more precise
6293 @url{http://docs.opencv.org/master/modules/imgproc/doc/filtering.html}
6295 Several libopencv filters are supported; see the following subsections.
6300 Dilate an image by using a specific structuring element.
6301 It corresponds to the libopencv function @code{cvDilate}.
6303 It accepts the parameters: @var{struct_el}|@var{nb_iterations}.
6305 @var{struct_el} represents a structuring element, and has the syntax:
6306 @var{cols}x@var{rows}+@var{anchor_x}x@var{anchor_y}/@var{shape}
6308 @var{cols} and @var{rows} represent the number of columns and rows of
6309 the structuring element, @var{anchor_x} and @var{anchor_y} the anchor
6310 point, and @var{shape} the shape for the structuring element. @var{shape}
6311 must be "rect", "cross", "ellipse", or "custom".
6313 If the value for @var{shape} is "custom", it must be followed by a
6314 string of the form "=@var{filename}". The file with name
6315 @var{filename} is assumed to represent a binary image, with each
6316 printable character corresponding to a bright pixel. When a custom
6317 @var{shape} is used, @var{cols} and @var{rows} are ignored, the number
6318 or columns and rows of the read file are assumed instead.
6320 The default value for @var{struct_el} is "3x3+0x0/rect".
6322 @var{nb_iterations} specifies the number of times the transform is
6323 applied to the image, and defaults to 1.
6327 # Use the default values
6330 # Dilate using a structuring element with a 5x5 cross, iterating two times
6331 ocv=filter_name=dilate:filter_params=5x5+2x2/cross|2
6333 # Read the shape from the file diamond.shape, iterating two times.
6334 # The file diamond.shape may contain a pattern of characters like this
6340 # The specified columns and rows are ignored
6341 # but the anchor point coordinates are not
6342 ocv=dilate:0x0+2x2/custom=diamond.shape|2
6347 Erode an image by using a specific structuring element.
6348 It corresponds to the libopencv function @code{cvErode}.
6350 It accepts the parameters: @var{struct_el}:@var{nb_iterations},
6351 with the same syntax and semantics as the @ref{dilate} filter.
6355 Smooth the input video.
6357 The filter takes the following parameters:
6358 @var{type}|@var{param1}|@var{param2}|@var{param3}|@var{param4}.
6360 @var{type} is the type of smooth filter to apply, and must be one of
6361 the following values: "blur", "blur_no_scale", "median", "gaussian",
6362 or "bilateral". The default value is "gaussian".
6364 The meaning of @var{param1}, @var{param2}, @var{param3}, and @var{param4}
6365 depend on the smooth type. @var{param1} and
6366 @var{param2} accept integer positive values or 0. @var{param3} and
6367 @var{param4} accept floating point values.
6369 The default value for @var{param1} is 3. The default value for the
6370 other parameters is 0.
6372 These parameters correspond to the parameters assigned to the
6373 libopencv function @code{cvSmooth}.
6378 Overlay one video on top of another.
6380 It takes two inputs and has one output. The first input is the "main"
6381 video on which the second input is overlayed.
6383 It accepts the following parameters:
6385 A description of the accepted options follows.
6390 Set the expression for the x and y coordinates of the overlayed video
6391 on the main video. Default value is "0" for both expressions. In case
6392 the expression is invalid, it is set to a huge value (meaning that the
6393 overlay will not be displayed within the output visible area).
6396 The action to take when EOF is encountered on the secondary input; it accepts
6397 one of the following values:
6401 Repeat the last frame (the default).
6405 Pass the main input through.
6409 Set when the expressions for @option{x}, and @option{y} are evaluated.
6411 It accepts the following values:
6414 only evaluate expressions once during the filter initialization or
6415 when a command is processed
6418 evaluate expressions for each incoming frame
6421 Default value is @samp{frame}.
6424 If set to 1, force the output to terminate when the shortest input
6425 terminates. Default value is 0.
6428 Set the format for the output video.
6430 It accepts the following values:
6445 Default value is @samp{yuv420}.
6447 @item rgb @emph{(deprecated)}
6448 If set to 1, force the filter to accept inputs in the RGB
6449 color space. Default value is 0. This option is deprecated, use
6450 @option{format} instead.
6453 If set to 1, force the filter to draw the last overlay frame over the
6454 main input until the end of the stream. A value of 0 disables this
6455 behavior. Default value is 1.
6458 The @option{x}, and @option{y} expressions can contain the following
6464 The main input width and height.
6468 The overlay input width and height.
6472 The computed values for @var{x} and @var{y}. They are evaluated for
6477 horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values of the output
6478 format. For example for the pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and
6482 the number of input frame, starting from 0
6485 the position in the file of the input frame, NAN if unknown
6488 The timestamp, expressed in seconds. It's NAN if the input timestamp is unknown.
6492 Note that the @var{n}, @var{pos}, @var{t} variables are available only
6493 when evaluation is done @emph{per frame}, and will evaluate to NAN
6494 when @option{eval} is set to @samp{init}.
6496 Be aware that frames are taken from each input video in timestamp
6497 order, hence, if their initial timestamps differ, it is a good idea
6498 to pass the two inputs through a @var{setpts=PTS-STARTPTS} filter to
6499 have them begin in the same zero timestamp, as the example for
6500 the @var{movie} filter does.
6502 You can chain together more overlays but you should test the
6503 efficiency of such approach.
6505 @subsection Commands
6507 This filter supports the following commands:
6511 Modify the x and y of the overlay input.
6512 The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
6514 If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
6518 @subsection Examples
6522 Draw the overlay at 10 pixels from the bottom right corner of the main
6525 overlay=main_w-overlay_w-10:main_h-overlay_h-10
6528 Using named options the example above becomes:
6530 overlay=x=main_w-overlay_w-10:y=main_h-overlay_h-10
6534 Insert a transparent PNG logo in the bottom left corner of the input,
6535 using the @command{ffmpeg} tool with the @code{-filter_complex} option:
6537 ffmpeg -i input -i logo -filter_complex 'overlay=10:main_h-overlay_h-10' output
6541 Insert 2 different transparent PNG logos (second logo on bottom
6542 right corner) using the @command{ffmpeg} tool:
6544 ffmpeg -i input -i logo1 -i logo2 -filter_complex 'overlay=x=10:y=H-h-10,overlay=x=W-w-10:y=H-h-10' output
6548 Add a transparent color layer on top of the main video; @code{WxH}
6549 must specify the size of the main input to the overlay filter:
6551 color=color=red@@.3:size=WxH [over]; [in][over] overlay [out]
6555 Play an original video and a filtered version (here with the deshake
6556 filter) side by side using the @command{ffplay} tool:
6558 ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[a][b]; [a]pad=iw*2:ih[src]; [b]deshake[filt]; [src][filt]overlay=w'
6561 The above command is the same as:
6563 ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[b], pad=iw*2[src], [b]deshake, [src]overlay=w'
6567 Make a sliding overlay appearing from the left to the right top part of the
6568 screen starting since time 2:
6570 overlay=x='if(gte(t,2), -w+(t-2)*20, NAN)':y=0
6574 Compose output by putting two input videos side to side:
6576 ffmpeg -i left.avi -i right.avi -filter_complex "
6577 nullsrc=size=200x100 [background];
6578 [0:v] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, scale=100x100 [left];
6579 [1:v] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, scale=100x100 [right];
6580 [background][left] overlay=shortest=1 [background+left];
6581 [background+left][right] overlay=shortest=1:x=100 [left+right]
6586 Mask 10-20 seconds of a video by applying the delogo filter to a section
6588 ffmpeg -i test.avi -codec:v:0 wmv2 -ar 11025 -b:v 9000k
6589 -vf '[in]split[split_main][split_delogo];[split_delogo]trim=start=360:end=371,delogo=0:0:640:480[delogoed];[split_main][delogoed]overlay=eof_action=pass[out]'
6594 Chain several overlays in cascade:
6596 nullsrc=s=200x200 [bg];
6597 testsrc=s=100x100, split=4 [in0][in1][in2][in3];
6598 [in0] lutrgb=r=0, [bg] overlay=0:0 [mid0];
6599 [in1] lutrgb=g=0, [mid0] overlay=100:0 [mid1];
6600 [in2] lutrgb=b=0, [mid1] overlay=0:100 [mid2];
6601 [in3] null, [mid2] overlay=100:100 [out0]
6608 Apply Overcomplete Wavelet denoiser.
6610 The filter accepts the following options:
6616 Larger depth values will denoise lower frequency components more, but
6617 slow down filtering.
6619 Must be an int in the range 8-16, default is @code{8}.
6621 @item luma_strength, ls
6624 Must be a double value in the range 0-1000, default is @code{1.0}.
6626 @item chroma_strength, cs
6627 Set chroma strength.
6629 Must be a double value in the range 0-1000, default is @code{1.0}.
6634 Add paddings to the input image, and place the original input at the
6635 provided @var{x}, @var{y} coordinates.
6637 It accepts the following parameters:
6642 Specify an expression for the size of the output image with the
6643 paddings added. If the value for @var{width} or @var{height} is 0, the
6644 corresponding input size is used for the output.
6646 The @var{width} expression can reference the value set by the
6647 @var{height} expression, and vice versa.
6649 The default value of @var{width} and @var{height} is 0.
6653 Specify the offsets to place the input image at within the padded area,
6654 with respect to the top/left border of the output image.
6656 The @var{x} expression can reference the value set by the @var{y}
6657 expression, and vice versa.
6659 The default value of @var{x} and @var{y} is 0.
6662 Specify the color of the padded area. For the syntax of this option,
6663 check the "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
6665 The default value of @var{color} is "black".
6668 The value for the @var{width}, @var{height}, @var{x}, and @var{y}
6669 options are expressions containing the following constants:
6674 The input video width and height.
6678 These are the same as @var{in_w} and @var{in_h}.
6682 The output width and height (the size of the padded area), as
6683 specified by the @var{width} and @var{height} expressions.
6687 These are the same as @var{out_w} and @var{out_h}.
6691 The x and y offsets as specified by the @var{x} and @var{y}
6692 expressions, or NAN if not yet specified.
6695 same as @var{iw} / @var{ih}
6698 input sample aspect ratio
6701 input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (@var{iw} / @var{ih}) * @var{sar}
6705 The horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
6706 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
6709 @subsection Examples
6713 Add paddings with the color "violet" to the input video. The output video
6714 size is 640x480, and the top-left corner of the input video is placed at
6717 pad=640:480:0:40:violet
6720 The example above is equivalent to the following command:
6722 pad=width=640:height=480:x=0:y=40:color=violet
6726 Pad the input to get an output with dimensions increased by 3/2,
6727 and put the input video at the center of the padded area:
6729 pad="3/2*iw:3/2*ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
6733 Pad the input to get a squared output with size equal to the maximum
6734 value between the input width and height, and put the input video at
6735 the center of the padded area:
6737 pad="max(iw\,ih):ow:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
6741 Pad the input to get a final w/h ratio of 16:9:
6743 pad="ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
6747 In case of anamorphic video, in order to set the output display aspect
6748 correctly, it is necessary to use @var{sar} in the expression,
6749 according to the relation:
6751 (ih * X / ih) * sar = output_dar
6752 X = output_dar / sar
6755 Thus the previous example needs to be modified to:
6757 pad="ih*16/9/sar:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
6761 Double the output size and put the input video in the bottom-right
6762 corner of the output padded area:
6764 pad="2*iw:2*ih:ow-iw:oh-ih"
6768 @section perspective
6770 Correct perspective of video not recorded perpendicular to the screen.
6772 A description of the accepted parameters follows.
6783 Set coordinates expression for top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right corners.
6784 Default values are @code{0:0:W:0:0:H:W:H} with which perspective will remain unchanged.
6785 If the @code{sense} option is set to @code{source}, then the specified points will be sent
6786 to the corners of the destination. If the @code{sense} option is set to @code{destination},
6787 then the corners of the source will be sent to the specified coordinates.
6789 The expressions can use the following variables:
6794 the width and height of video frame.
6798 Set interpolation for perspective correction.
6800 It accepts the following values:
6806 Default value is @samp{linear}.
6809 Set interpretation of coordinate options.
6811 It accepts the following values:
6815 Send point in the source specified by the given coordinates to
6816 the corners of the destination.
6818 @item 1, destination
6820 Send the corners of the source to the point in the destination specified
6821 by the given coordinates.
6823 Default value is @samp{source}.
6829 Delay interlaced video by one field time so that the field order changes.
6831 The intended use is to fix PAL movies that have been captured with the
6832 opposite field order to the film-to-video transfer.
6834 A description of the accepted parameters follows.
6840 It accepts the following values:
6843 Capture field order top-first, transfer bottom-first.
6844 Filter will delay the bottom field.
6847 Capture field order bottom-first, transfer top-first.
6848 Filter will delay the top field.
6851 Capture and transfer with the same field order. This mode only exists
6852 for the documentation of the other options to refer to, but if you
6853 actually select it, the filter will faithfully do nothing.
6856 Capture field order determined automatically by field flags, transfer
6858 Filter selects among @samp{t} and @samp{b} modes on a frame by frame
6859 basis using field flags. If no field information is available,
6860 then this works just like @samp{u}.
6863 Capture unknown or varying, transfer opposite.
6864 Filter selects among @samp{t} and @samp{b} on a frame by frame basis by
6865 analyzing the images and selecting the alternative that produces best
6866 match between the fields.
6869 Capture top-first, transfer unknown or varying.
6870 Filter selects among @samp{t} and @samp{p} using image analysis.
6873 Capture bottom-first, transfer unknown or varying.
6874 Filter selects among @samp{b} and @samp{p} using image analysis.
6877 Capture determined by field flags, transfer unknown or varying.
6878 Filter selects among @samp{t}, @samp{b} and @samp{p} using field flags and
6879 image analysis. If no field information is available, then this works just
6880 like @samp{U}. This is the default mode.
6883 Both capture and transfer unknown or varying.
6884 Filter selects among @samp{t}, @samp{b} and @samp{p} using image analysis only.
6888 @section pixdesctest
6890 Pixel format descriptor test filter, mainly useful for internal
6891 testing. The output video should be equal to the input video.
6895 format=monow, pixdesctest
6898 can be used to test the monowhite pixel format descriptor definition.
6902 Enable the specified chain of postprocessing subfilters using libpostproc. This
6903 library should be automatically selected with a GPL build (@code{--enable-gpl}).
6904 Subfilters must be separated by '/' and can be disabled by prepending a '-'.
6905 Each subfilter and some options have a short and a long name that can be used
6906 interchangeably, i.e. dr/dering are the same.
6908 The filters accept the following options:
6912 Set postprocessing subfilters string.
6915 All subfilters share common options to determine their scope:
6919 Honor the quality commands for this subfilter.
6922 Do chrominance filtering, too (default).
6925 Do luminance filtering only (no chrominance).
6928 Do chrominance filtering only (no luminance).
6931 These options can be appended after the subfilter name, separated by a '|'.
6933 Available subfilters are:
6936 @item hb/hdeblock[|difference[|flatness]]
6937 Horizontal deblocking filter
6940 Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}).
6942 Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}).
6945 @item vb/vdeblock[|difference[|flatness]]
6946 Vertical deblocking filter
6949 Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}).
6951 Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}).
6954 @item ha/hadeblock[|difference[|flatness]]
6955 Accurate horizontal deblocking filter
6958 Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}).
6960 Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}).
6963 @item va/vadeblock[|difference[|flatness]]
6964 Accurate vertical deblocking filter
6967 Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: @code{32}).
6969 Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: @code{39}).
6973 The horizontal and vertical deblocking filters share the difference and
6974 flatness values so you cannot set different horizontal and vertical
6979 Experimental horizontal deblocking filter
6982 Experimental vertical deblocking filter
6987 @item tn/tmpnoise[|threshold1[|threshold2[|threshold3]]], temporal noise reducer
6990 larger -> stronger filtering
6992 larger -> stronger filtering
6994 larger -> stronger filtering
6997 @item al/autolevels[:f/fullyrange], automatic brightness / contrast correction
7000 Stretch luminance to @code{0-255}.
7003 @item lb/linblenddeint
7004 Linear blend deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by
7005 filtering all lines with a @code{(1 2 1)} filter.
7007 @item li/linipoldeint
7008 Linear interpolating deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by
7009 linearly interpolating every second line.
7011 @item ci/cubicipoldeint
7012 Cubic interpolating deinterlacing filter deinterlaces the given block by
7013 cubically interpolating every second line.
7015 @item md/mediandeint
7016 Median deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by applying a
7017 median filter to every second line.
7019 @item fd/ffmpegdeint
7020 FFmpeg deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by filtering every
7021 second line with a @code{(-1 4 2 4 -1)} filter.
7024 Vertically applied FIR lowpass deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given
7025 block by filtering all lines with a @code{(-1 2 6 2 -1)} filter.
7027 @item fq/forceQuant[|quantizer]
7028 Overrides the quantizer table from the input with the constant quantizer you
7036 Default pp filter combination (@code{hb|a,vb|a,dr|a})
7039 Fast pp filter combination (@code{h1|a,v1|a,dr|a})
7042 High quality pp filter combination (@code{ha|a|128|7,va|a,dr|a})
7045 @subsection Examples
7049 Apply horizontal and vertical deblocking, deringing and automatic
7050 brightness/contrast:
7056 Apply default filters without brightness/contrast correction:
7062 Apply default filters and temporal denoiser:
7064 pp=default/tmpnoise|1|2|3
7068 Apply deblocking on luminance only, and switch vertical deblocking on or off
7069 automatically depending on available CPU time:
7077 Obtain the average, maximum and minimum PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise
7078 Ratio) between two input videos.
7080 This filter takes in input two input videos, the first input is
7081 considered the "main" source and is passed unchanged to the
7082 output. The second input is used as a "reference" video for computing
7085 Both video inputs must have the same resolution and pixel format for
7086 this filter to work correctly. Also it assumes that both inputs
7087 have the same number of frames, which are compared one by one.
7089 The obtained average PSNR is printed through the logging system.
7091 The filter stores the accumulated MSE (mean squared error) of each
7092 frame, and at the end of the processing it is averaged across all frames
7093 equally, and the following formula is applied to obtain the PSNR:
7096 PSNR = 10*log10(MAX^2/MSE)
7099 Where MAX is the average of the maximum values of each component of the
7102 The description of the accepted parameters follows.
7106 If specified the filter will use the named file to save the PSNR of
7107 each individual frame.
7110 The file printed if @var{stats_file} is selected, contains a sequence of
7111 key/value pairs of the form @var{key}:@var{value} for each compared
7114 A description of each shown parameter follows:
7118 sequential number of the input frame, starting from 1
7121 Mean Square Error pixel-by-pixel average difference of the compared
7122 frames, averaged over all the image components.
7124 @item mse_y, mse_u, mse_v, mse_r, mse_g, mse_g, mse_a
7125 Mean Square Error pixel-by-pixel average difference of the compared
7126 frames for the component specified by the suffix.
7128 @item psnr_y, psnr_u, psnr_v, psnr_r, psnr_g, psnr_b, psnr_a
7129 Peak Signal to Noise ratio of the compared frames for the component
7130 specified by the suffix.
7135 movie=ref_movie.mpg, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
7136 [main][ref] psnr="stats_file=stats.log" [out]
7139 On this example the input file being processed is compared with the
7140 reference file @file{ref_movie.mpg}. The PSNR of each individual frame
7141 is stored in @file{stats.log}.
7146 Pulldown reversal (inverse telecine) filter, capable of handling mixed
7147 hard-telecine, 24000/1001 fps progressive, and 30000/1001 fps progressive
7150 The pullup filter is designed to take advantage of future context in making
7151 its decisions. This filter is stateless in the sense that it does not lock
7152 onto a pattern to follow, but it instead looks forward to the following
7153 fields in order to identify matches and rebuild progressive frames.
7155 To produce content with an even framerate, insert the fps filter after
7156 pullup, use @code{fps=24000/1001} if the input frame rate is 29.97fps,
7157 @code{fps=24} for 30fps and the (rare) telecined 25fps input.
7159 The filter accepts the following options:
7166 These options set the amount of "junk" to ignore at the left, right, top, and
7167 bottom of the image, respectively. Left and right are in units of 8 pixels,
7168 while top and bottom are in units of 2 lines.
7169 The default is 8 pixels on each side.
7172 Set the strict breaks. Setting this option to 1 will reduce the chances of
7173 filter generating an occasional mismatched frame, but it may also cause an
7174 excessive number of frames to be dropped during high motion sequences.
7175 Conversely, setting it to -1 will make filter match fields more easily.
7176 This may help processing of video where there is slight blurring between
7177 the fields, but may also cause there to be interlaced frames in the output.
7178 Default value is @code{0}.
7181 Set the metric plane to use. It accepts the following values:
7187 Use chroma blue plane.
7190 Use chroma red plane.
7193 This option may be set to use chroma plane instead of the default luma plane
7194 for doing filter's computations. This may improve accuracy on very clean
7195 source material, but more likely will decrease accuracy, especially if there
7196 is chroma noise (rainbow effect) or any grayscale video.
7197 The main purpose of setting @option{mp} to a chroma plane is to reduce CPU
7198 load and make pullup usable in realtime on slow machines.
7201 For best results (without duplicated frames in the output file) it is
7202 necessary to change the output frame rate. For example, to inverse
7203 telecine NTSC input:
7205 ffmpeg -i input -vf pullup -r 24000/1001 ...
7210 Suppress a TV station logo, using an image file to determine which
7211 pixels comprise the logo. It works by filling in the pixels that
7212 comprise the logo with neighboring pixels.
7214 The filter accepts the following options:
7218 Set the filter bitmap file, which can be any image format supported by
7219 libavformat. The width and height of the image file must match those of the
7220 video stream being processed.
7223 Pixels in the provided bitmap image with a value of zero are not
7224 considered part of the logo, non-zero pixels are considered part of
7225 the logo. If you use white (255) for the logo and black (0) for the
7226 rest, you will be safe. For making the filter bitmap, it is
7227 recommended to take a screen capture of a black frame with the logo
7228 visible, and then using a threshold filter followed by the erode
7229 filter once or twice.
7231 If needed, little splotches can be fixed manually. Remember that if
7232 logo pixels are not covered, the filter quality will be much
7233 reduced. Marking too many pixels as part of the logo does not hurt as
7234 much, but it will increase the amount of blurring needed to cover over
7235 the image and will destroy more information than necessary, and extra
7236 pixels will slow things down on a large logo.
7240 Rotate video by an arbitrary angle expressed in radians.
7242 The filter accepts the following options:
7244 A description of the optional parameters follows.
7247 Set an expression for the angle by which to rotate the input video
7248 clockwise, expressed as a number of radians. A negative value will
7249 result in a counter-clockwise rotation. By default it is set to "0".
7251 This expression is evaluated for each frame.
7254 Set the output width expression, default value is "iw".
7255 This expression is evaluated just once during configuration.
7258 Set the output height expression, default value is "ih".
7259 This expression is evaluated just once during configuration.
7262 Enable bilinear interpolation if set to 1, a value of 0 disables
7263 it. Default value is 1.
7266 Set the color used to fill the output area not covered by the rotated
7267 image. For the generalsyntax of this option, check the "Color" section in the
7268 ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special value "none" is selected then no
7269 background is printed (useful for example if the background is never shown).
7271 Default value is "black".
7274 The expressions for the angle and the output size can contain the
7275 following constants and functions:
7279 sequential number of the input frame, starting from 0. It is always NAN
7280 before the first frame is filtered.
7283 time in seconds of the input frame, it is set to 0 when the filter is
7284 configured. It is always NAN before the first frame is filtered.
7288 horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the
7289 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
7293 the input video width and height
7297 the output width and height, that is the size of the padded area as
7298 specified by the @var{width} and @var{height} expressions
7302 the minimal width/height required for completely containing the input
7303 video rotated by @var{a} radians.
7305 These are only available when computing the @option{out_w} and
7306 @option{out_h} expressions.
7309 @subsection Examples
7313 Rotate the input by PI/6 radians clockwise:
7319 Rotate the input by PI/6 radians counter-clockwise:
7325 Rotate the input by 45 degrees clockwise:
7331 Apply a constant rotation with period T, starting from an angle of PI/3:
7333 rotate=PI/3+2*PI*t/T
7337 Make the input video rotation oscillating with a period of T
7338 seconds and an amplitude of A radians:
7340 rotate=A*sin(2*PI/T*t)
7344 Rotate the video, output size is chosen so that the whole rotating
7345 input video is always completely contained in the output:
7347 rotate='2*PI*t:ow=hypot(iw,ih):oh=ow'
7351 Rotate the video, reduce the output size so that no background is ever
7354 rotate=2*PI*t:ow='min(iw,ih)/sqrt(2)':oh=ow:c=none
7358 @subsection Commands
7360 The filter supports the following commands:
7364 Set the angle expression.
7365 The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
7367 If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
7373 Apply Shape Adaptive Blur.
7375 The filter accepts the following options:
7378 @item luma_radius, lr
7379 Set luma blur filter strength, must be a value in range 0.1-4.0, default
7380 value is 1.0. A greater value will result in a more blurred image, and
7381 in slower processing.
7383 @item luma_pre_filter_radius, lpfr
7384 Set luma pre-filter radius, must be a value in the 0.1-2.0 range, default
7387 @item luma_strength, ls
7388 Set luma maximum difference between pixels to still be considered, must
7389 be a value in the 0.1-100.0 range, default value is 1.0.
7391 @item chroma_radius, cr
7392 Set chroma blur filter strength, must be a value in range 0.1-4.0. A
7393 greater value will result in a more blurred image, and in slower
7396 @item chroma_pre_filter_radius, cpfr
7397 Set chroma pre-filter radius, must be a value in the 0.1-2.0 range.
7399 @item chroma_strength, cs
7400 Set chroma maximum difference between pixels to still be considered,
7401 must be a value in the 0.1-100.0 range.
7404 Each chroma option value, if not explicitly specified, is set to the
7405 corresponding luma option value.
7410 Scale (resize) the input video, using the libswscale library.
7412 The scale filter forces the output display aspect ratio to be the same
7413 of the input, by changing the output sample aspect ratio.
7415 If the input image format is different from the format requested by
7416 the next filter, the scale filter will convert the input to the
7420 The filter accepts the following options, or any of the options
7421 supported by the libswscale scaler.
7423 See @ref{scaler_options,,the ffmpeg-scaler manual,ffmpeg-scaler} for
7424 the complete list of scaler options.
7429 Set the output video dimension expression. Default value is the input
7432 If the value is 0, the input width is used for the output.
7434 If one of the values is -1, the scale filter will use a value that
7435 maintains the aspect ratio of the input image, calculated from the
7436 other specified dimension. If both of them are -1, the input size is
7439 If one of the values is -n with n > 1, the scale filter will also use a value
7440 that maintains the aspect ratio of the input image, calculated from the other
7441 specified dimension. After that it will, however, make sure that the calculated
7442 dimension is divisible by n and adjust the value if necessary.
7444 See below for the list of accepted constants for use in the dimension
7448 Set the interlacing mode. It accepts the following values:
7452 Force interlaced aware scaling.
7455 Do not apply interlaced scaling.
7458 Select interlaced aware scaling depending on whether the source frames
7459 are flagged as interlaced or not.
7462 Default value is @samp{0}.
7465 Set libswscale scaling flags. See
7466 @ref{sws_flags,,the ffmpeg-scaler manual,ffmpeg-scaler} for the
7467 complete list of values. If not explicitly specified the filter applies
7471 Set the video size. For the syntax of this option, check the "Video size"
7472 section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
7474 @item in_color_matrix
7475 @item out_color_matrix
7476 Set in/output YCbCr color space type.
7478 This allows the autodetected value to be overridden as well as allows forcing
7479 a specific value used for the output and encoder.
7481 If not specified, the color space type depends on the pixel format.
7487 Choose automatically.
7490 Format conforming to International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
7491 Recommendation BT.709.
7494 Set color space conforming to the United States Federal Communications
7495 Commission (FCC) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 47 (2003) 73.682 (a).
7498 Set color space conforming to:
7502 ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) Recommendation BT.601
7505 ITU-R Rec. BT.470-6 (1998) Systems B, B1, and G
7508 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) ST 170:2004
7513 Set color space conforming to SMPTE ST 240:1999.
7518 Set in/output YCbCr sample range.
7520 This allows the autodetected value to be overridden as well as allows forcing
7521 a specific value used for the output and encoder. If not specified, the
7522 range depends on the pixel format. Possible values:
7526 Choose automatically.
7529 Set full range (0-255 in case of 8-bit luma).
7532 Set "MPEG" range (16-235 in case of 8-bit luma).
7535 @item force_original_aspect_ratio
7536 Enable decreasing or increasing output video width or height if necessary to
7537 keep the original aspect ratio. Possible values:
7541 Scale the video as specified and disable this feature.
7544 The output video dimensions will automatically be decreased if needed.
7547 The output video dimensions will automatically be increased if needed.
7551 One useful instance of this option is that when you know a specific device's
7552 maximum allowed resolution, you can use this to limit the output video to
7553 that, while retaining the aspect ratio. For example, device A allows
7554 1280x720 playback, and your video is 1920x800. Using this option (set it to
7555 decrease) and specifying 1280x720 to the command line makes the output
7558 Please note that this is a different thing than specifying -1 for @option{w}
7559 or @option{h}, you still need to specify the output resolution for this option
7564 The values of the @option{w} and @option{h} options are expressions
7565 containing the following constants:
7570 The input width and height
7574 These are the same as @var{in_w} and @var{in_h}.
7578 The output (scaled) width and height
7582 These are the same as @var{out_w} and @var{out_h}
7585 The same as @var{iw} / @var{ih}
7588 input sample aspect ratio
7591 The input display aspect ratio. Calculated from @code{(iw / ih) * sar}.
7595 horizontal and vertical input chroma subsample values. For example for the
7596 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
7600 horizontal and vertical output chroma subsample values. For example for the
7601 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
7604 @subsection Examples
7608 Scale the input video to a size of 200x100
7613 This is equivalent to:
7624 Specify a size abbreviation for the output size:
7629 which can also be written as:
7635 Scale the input to 2x:
7641 The above is the same as:
7647 Scale the input to 2x with forced interlaced scaling:
7649 scale=2*iw:2*ih:interl=1
7653 Scale the input to half size:
7659 Increase the width, and set the height to the same size:
7672 Increase the height, and set the width to 3/2 of the height:
7674 scale=w=3/2*oh:h=3/5*ih
7678 Increase the size, making the size a multiple of the chroma
7681 scale="trunc(3/2*iw/hsub)*hsub:trunc(3/2*ih/vsub)*vsub"
7685 Increase the width to a maximum of 500 pixels,
7686 keeping the same aspect ratio as the input:
7688 scale=w='min(500\, iw*3/2):h=-1'
7692 @section separatefields
7694 The @code{separatefields} takes a frame-based video input and splits
7695 each frame into its components fields, producing a new half height clip
7696 with twice the frame rate and twice the frame count.
7698 This filter use field-dominance information in frame to decide which
7699 of each pair of fields to place first in the output.
7700 If it gets it wrong use @ref{setfield} filter before @code{separatefields} filter.
7702 @section setdar, setsar
7704 The @code{setdar} filter sets the Display Aspect Ratio for the filter
7707 This is done by changing the specified Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect
7708 Ratio, according to the following equation:
7710 @var{DAR} = @var{HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION} / @var{VERTICAL_RESOLUTION} * @var{SAR}
7713 Keep in mind that the @code{setdar} filter does not modify the pixel
7714 dimensions of the video frame. Also, the display aspect ratio set by
7715 this filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain,
7716 e.g. in case of scaling or if another "setdar" or a "setsar" filter is
7719 The @code{setsar} filter sets the Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect Ratio for
7720 the filter output video.
7722 Note that as a consequence of the application of this filter, the
7723 output display aspect ratio will change according to the equation
7726 Keep in mind that the sample aspect ratio set by the @code{setsar}
7727 filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. if
7728 another "setsar" or a "setdar" filter is applied.
7730 It accepts the following parameters:
7733 @item r, ratio, dar (@code{setdar} only), sar (@code{setsar} only)
7734 Set the aspect ratio used by the filter.
7736 The parameter can be a floating point number string, an expression, or
7737 a string of the form @var{num}:@var{den}, where @var{num} and
7738 @var{den} are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. If
7739 the parameter is not specified, it is assumed the value "0".
7740 In case the form "@var{num}:@var{den}" is used, the @code{:} character
7744 Set the maximum integer value to use for expressing numerator and
7745 denominator when reducing the expressed aspect ratio to a rational.
7746 Default value is @code{100}.
7750 The parameter @var{sar} is an expression containing
7751 the following constants:
7755 These are approximated values for the mathematical constants e
7756 (Euler's number), pi (Greek pi), and phi (the golden ratio).
7759 The input width and height.
7762 These are the same as @var{w} / @var{h}.
7765 The input sample aspect ratio.
7768 The input display aspect ratio. It is the same as
7769 (@var{w} / @var{h}) * @var{sar}.
7772 Horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example, for the
7773 pixel format "yuv422p" @var{hsub} is 2 and @var{vsub} is 1.
7776 @subsection Examples
7781 To change the display aspect ratio to 16:9, specify one of the following:
7789 To change the sample aspect ratio to 10:11, specify:
7795 To set a display aspect ratio of 16:9, and specify a maximum integer value of
7796 1000 in the aspect ratio reduction, use the command:
7798 setdar=ratio=16/9:max=1000
7806 Force field for the output video frame.
7808 The @code{setfield} filter marks the interlace type field for the
7809 output frames. It does not change the input frame, but only sets the
7810 corresponding property, which affects how the frame is treated by
7811 following filters (e.g. @code{fieldorder} or @code{yadif}).
7813 The filter accepts the following options:
7818 Available values are:
7822 Keep the same field property.
7825 Mark the frame as bottom-field-first.
7828 Mark the frame as top-field-first.
7831 Mark the frame as progressive.
7837 Show a line containing various information for each input video frame.
7838 The input video is not modified.
7840 The shown line contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form
7841 @var{key}:@var{value}.
7843 The following values are shown in the output:
7847 The (sequential) number of the input frame, starting from 0.
7850 The Presentation TimeStamp of the input frame, expressed as a number of
7851 time base units. The time base unit depends on the filter input pad.
7854 The Presentation TimeStamp of the input frame, expressed as a number of
7858 The position of the frame in the input stream, or -1 if this information is
7859 unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic video).
7862 The pixel format name.
7865 The sample aspect ratio of the input frame, expressed in the form
7866 @var{num}/@var{den}.
7869 The size of the input frame. For the syntax of this option, check the "Video size"
7870 section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
7873 The type of interlaced mode ("P" for "progressive", "T" for top field first, "B"
7874 for bottom field first).
7877 This is 1 if the frame is a key frame, 0 otherwise.
7880 The picture type of the input frame ("I" for an I-frame, "P" for a
7881 P-frame, "B" for a B-frame, or "?" for an unknown type).
7882 Also refer to the documentation of the @code{AVPictureType} enum and of
7883 the @code{av_get_picture_type_char} function defined in
7884 @file{libavutil/avutil.h}.
7887 The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of all the planes of the input frame.
7889 @item plane_checksum
7890 The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of each plane of the input frame,
7891 expressed in the form "[@var{c0} @var{c1} @var{c2} @var{c3}]".
7894 @section shuffleplanes
7896 Reorder and/or duplicate video planes.
7898 It accepts the following parameters:
7903 The index of the input plane to be used as the first output plane.
7906 The index of the input plane to be used as the second output plane.
7909 The index of the input plane to be used as the third output plane.
7912 The index of the input plane to be used as the fourth output plane.
7916 The first plane has the index 0. The default is to keep the input unchanged.
7918 Swap the second and third planes of the input:
7920 ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf shuffleplanes=0:2:1:3 OUTPUT
7923 @section signalstats
7924 Evaluate various visual metrics that assist in determining issues associated
7925 with the digitization of analog video media.
7927 By default the filter will log these metadata values:
7931 Display the minimal Y value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
7935 Display the Y value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
7939 Display the average Y value within the input frame. Expressed in range of
7943 Display the Y value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
7947 Display the maximum Y value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
7951 Display the minimal U value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
7955 Display the U value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
7959 Display the average U value within the input frame. Expressed in range of
7963 Display the U value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
7967 Display the maximum U value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
7971 Display the minimal V value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
7975 Display the V value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
7979 Display the average V value within the input frame. Expressed in range of
7983 Display the V value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in
7987 Display the maximum V value contained within the input frame. Expressed in
7991 Display the minimal saturation value contained within the input frame.
7992 Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
7995 Display the saturation value at the 10% percentile within the input frame.
7996 Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
7999 Display the average saturation value within the input frame. Expressed in range
8003 Display the saturation value at the 90% percentile within the input frame.
8004 Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
8007 Display the maximum saturation value contained within the input frame.
8008 Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
8011 Display the median value for hue within the input frame. Expressed in range of
8015 Display the average value for hue within the input frame. Expressed in range of
8019 Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the Y
8020 plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame.
8021 Expressed in range of [0-255].
8024 Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the U
8025 plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame.
8026 Expressed in range of [0-255].
8029 Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the V
8030 plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame.
8031 Expressed in range of [0-255].
8034 The filter accepts the following options:
8040 @option{stat} specify an additional form of image analysis.
8041 @option{out} output video with the specified type of pixel highlighted.
8043 Both options accept the following values:
8047 Identify @var{temporal outliers} pixels. A @var{temporal outlier} is a pixel
8048 unlike the neighboring pixels of the same field. Examples of temporal outliers
8049 include the results of video dropouts, head clogs, or tape tracking issues.
8052 Identify @var{vertical line repetition}. Vertical line repetition includes
8053 similar rows of pixels within a frame. In born-digital video vertical line
8054 repetition is common, but this pattern is uncommon in video digitized from an
8055 analog source. When it occurs in video that results from the digitization of an
8056 analog source it can indicate concealment from a dropout compensator.
8059 Identify pixels that fall outside of legal broadcast range.
8063 Set the highlight color for the @option{out} option. The default color is
8067 @subsection Examples
8071 Output data of various video metrics:
8073 ffprobe -f lavfi movie=example.mov,signalstats="stat=tout+vrep+brng" -show_frames
8077 Output specific data about the minimum and maximum values of the Y plane per frame:
8079 ffprobe -f lavfi movie=example.mov,signalstats -show_entries frame_tags=lavfi.signalstats.YMAX,lavfi.signalstats.YMIN
8083 Playback video while highlighting pixels that are outside of broadcast range in red.
8085 ffplay example.mov -vf signalstats="out=brng:color=red"
8089 Playback video with signalstats metadata drawn over the frame.
8091 ffplay example.mov -vf signalstats=stat=brng+vrep+tout,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=signalstat_drawtext.txt
8094 The contents of signalstat_drawtext.txt used in the command are:
8097 Y (%@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.YMIN@}-%@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.YMAX@})
8098 U (%@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.UMIN@}-%@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.UMAX@})
8099 V (%@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.VMIN@}-%@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.VMAX@})
8100 saturation maximum: %@{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.SATMAX@}
8108 Blur the input video without impacting the outlines.
8110 It accepts the following options:
8113 @item luma_radius, lr
8114 Set the luma radius. The option value must be a float number in
8115 the range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter
8116 used to blur the image (slower if larger). Default value is 1.0.
8118 @item luma_strength, ls
8119 Set the luma strength. The option value must be a float number
8120 in the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included
8121 in [0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in
8122 [-1.0,0.0] will sharpen the image. Default value is 1.0.
8124 @item luma_threshold, lt
8125 Set the luma threshold used as a coefficient to determine
8126 whether a pixel should be blurred or not. The option value must be an
8127 integer in the range [-30,30]. A value of 0 will filter all the image,
8128 a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value included
8129 in [-30,0] will filter edges. Default value is 0.
8131 @item chroma_radius, cr
8132 Set the chroma radius. The option value must be a float number in
8133 the range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter
8134 used to blur the image (slower if larger). Default value is 1.0.
8136 @item chroma_strength, cs
8137 Set the chroma strength. The option value must be a float number
8138 in the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included
8139 in [0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in
8140 [-1.0,0.0] will sharpen the image. Default value is 1.0.
8142 @item chroma_threshold, ct
8143 Set the chroma threshold used as a coefficient to determine
8144 whether a pixel should be blurred or not. The option value must be an
8145 integer in the range [-30,30]. A value of 0 will filter all the image,
8146 a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value included
8147 in [-30,0] will filter edges. Default value is 0.
8150 If a chroma option is not explicitly set, the corresponding luma value
8155 Convert between different stereoscopic image formats.
8157 The filters accept the following options:
8161 Set stereoscopic image format of input.
8163 Available values for input image formats are:
8166 side by side parallel (left eye left, right eye right)
8169 side by side crosseye (right eye left, left eye right)
8172 side by side parallel with half width resolution
8173 (left eye left, right eye right)
8176 side by side crosseye with half width resolution
8177 (right eye left, left eye right)
8180 above-below (left eye above, right eye below)
8183 above-below (right eye above, left eye below)
8186 above-below with half height resolution
8187 (left eye above, right eye below)
8190 above-below with half height resolution
8191 (right eye above, left eye below)
8194 alternating frames (left eye first, right eye second)
8197 alternating frames (right eye first, left eye second)
8199 Default value is @samp{sbsl}.
8203 Set stereoscopic image format of output.
8205 Available values for output image formats are all the input formats as well as:
8208 anaglyph red/blue gray
8209 (red filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
8212 anaglyph red/green gray
8213 (red filter on left eye, green filter on right eye)
8216 anaglyph red/cyan gray
8217 (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
8220 anaglyph red/cyan half colored
8221 (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
8224 anaglyph red/cyan color
8225 (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
8228 anaglyph red/cyan color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois
8229 (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
8232 anaglyph green/magenta gray
8233 (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
8236 anaglyph green/magenta half colored
8237 (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
8240 anaglyph green/magenta colored
8241 (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
8244 anaglyph green/magenta color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois
8245 (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
8248 anaglyph yellow/blue gray
8249 (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
8252 anaglyph yellow/blue half colored
8253 (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
8256 anaglyph yellow/blue colored
8257 (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
8260 anaglyph yellow/blue color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois
8261 (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
8264 interleaved rows (left eye has top row, right eye starts on next row)
8267 interleaved rows (right eye has top row, left eye starts on next row)
8270 mono output (left eye only)
8273 mono output (right eye only)
8276 Default value is @samp{arcd}.
8279 @subsection Examples
8283 Convert input video from side by side parallel to anaglyph yellow/blue dubois:
8289 Convert input video from above bellow (left eye above, right eye below) to side by side crosseye.
8297 Apply a simple postprocessing filter that compresses and decompresses the image
8298 at several (or - in the case of @option{quality} level @code{6} - all) shifts
8299 and average the results.
8301 The filter accepts the following options:
8305 Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts
8306 an integer in the range 0-6. If set to @code{0}, the filter will have no
8307 effect. A value of @code{6} means the higher quality. For each increment of
8308 that value the speed drops by a factor of approximately 2. Default value is
8312 Force a constant quantization parameter. If not set, the filter will use the QP
8313 from the video stream (if available).
8316 Set thresholding mode. Available modes are:
8320 Set hard thresholding (default).
8322 Set soft thresholding (better de-ringing effect, but likely blurrier).
8326 Enable the use of the QP from the B-Frames if set to @code{1}. Using this
8327 option may cause flicker since the B-Frames have often larger QP. Default is
8328 @code{0} (not enabled).
8334 Draw subtitles on top of input video using the libass library.
8336 To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
8337 @code{--enable-libass}. This filter also requires a build with libavcodec and
8338 libavformat to convert the passed subtitles file to ASS (Advanced Substation
8339 Alpha) subtitles format.
8341 The filter accepts the following options:
8345 Set the filename of the subtitle file to read. It must be specified.
8348 Specify the size of the original video, the video for which the ASS file
8349 was composed. For the syntax of this option, check the "Video size" section in
8350 the ffmpeg-utils manual. Due to a misdesign in ASS aspect ratio arithmetic,
8351 this is necessary to correctly scale the fonts if the aspect ratio has been
8355 Set subtitles input character encoding. @code{subtitles} filter only. Only
8356 useful if not UTF-8.
8358 @item stream_index, si
8359 Set subtitles stream index. @code{subtitles} filter only.
8362 If the first key is not specified, it is assumed that the first value
8363 specifies the @option{filename}.
8365 For example, to render the file @file{sub.srt} on top of the input
8366 video, use the command:
8371 which is equivalent to:
8373 subtitles=filename=sub.srt
8376 To render the default subtitles stream from file @file{video.mkv}, use:
8381 To render the second subtitles stream from that file, use:
8383 subtitles=video.mkv:si=1
8388 Scale the input by 2x and smooth using the Super2xSaI (Scale and
8389 Interpolate) pixel art scaling algorithm.
8391 Useful for enlarging pixel art images without reducing sharpness.
8398 Apply telecine process to the video.
8400 This filter accepts the following options:
8409 The default value is @code{top}.
8413 A string of numbers representing the pulldown pattern you wish to apply.
8414 The default value is @code{23}.
8418 Some typical patterns:
8423 24p: 2332 (preferred)
8430 24p: 222222222223 ("Euro pulldown")
8436 Select the most representative frame in a given sequence of consecutive frames.
8438 The filter accepts the following options:
8442 Set the frames batch size to analyze; in a set of @var{n} frames, the filter
8443 will pick one of them, and then handle the next batch of @var{n} frames until
8444 the end. Default is @code{100}.
8447 Since the filter keeps track of the whole frames sequence, a bigger @var{n}
8448 value will result in a higher memory usage, so a high value is not recommended.
8450 @subsection Examples
8454 Extract one picture each 50 frames:
8460 Complete example of a thumbnail creation with @command{ffmpeg}:
8462 ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf thumbnail,scale=300:200 -frames:v 1 out.png
8468 Tile several successive frames together.
8470 The filter accepts the following options:
8475 Set the grid size (i.e. the number of lines and columns). For the syntax of
8476 this option, check the "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
8479 Set the maximum number of frames to render in the given area. It must be less
8480 than or equal to @var{w}x@var{h}. The default value is @code{0}, meaning all
8481 the area will be used.
8484 Set the outer border margin in pixels.
8487 Set the inner border thickness (i.e. the number of pixels between frames). For
8488 more advanced padding options (such as having different values for the edges),
8489 refer to the pad video filter.
8492 Specify the color of the unused areaFor the syntax of this option, check the
8493 "Color" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. The default value of @var{color}
8497 @subsection Examples
8501 Produce 8x8 PNG tiles of all keyframes (@option{-skip_frame nokey}) in a movie:
8503 ffmpeg -skip_frame nokey -i file.avi -vf 'scale=128:72,tile=8x8' -an -vsync 0 keyframes%03d.png
8505 The @option{-vsync 0} is necessary to prevent @command{ffmpeg} from
8506 duplicating each output frame to accommodate the originally detected frame
8510 Display @code{5} pictures in an area of @code{3x2} frames,
8511 with @code{7} pixels between them, and @code{2} pixels of initial margin, using
8512 mixed flat and named options:
8514 tile=3x2:nb_frames=5:padding=7:margin=2
8520 Perform various types of temporal field interlacing.
8522 Frames are counted starting from 1, so the first input frame is
8525 The filter accepts the following options:
8530 Specify the mode of the interlacing. This option can also be specified
8531 as a value alone. See below for a list of values for this option.
8533 Available values are:
8537 Move odd frames into the upper field, even into the lower field,
8538 generating a double height frame at half frame rate.
8542 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8544 11111 22222 33333 44444
8545 11111 22222 33333 44444
8546 11111 22222 33333 44444
8547 11111 22222 33333 44444
8561 Only output even frames, odd frames are dropped, generating a frame with
8562 unchanged height at half frame rate.
8567 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8569 11111 22222 33333 44444
8570 11111 22222 33333 44444
8571 11111 22222 33333 44444
8572 11111 22222 33333 44444
8582 Only output odd frames, even frames are dropped, generating a frame with
8583 unchanged height at half frame rate.
8588 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8590 11111 22222 33333 44444
8591 11111 22222 33333 44444
8592 11111 22222 33333 44444
8593 11111 22222 33333 44444
8603 Expand each frame to full height, but pad alternate lines with black,
8604 generating a frame with double height at the same input frame rate.
8609 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8611 11111 22222 33333 44444
8612 11111 22222 33333 44444
8613 11111 22222 33333 44444
8614 11111 22222 33333 44444
8617 11111 ..... 33333 .....
8618 ..... 22222 ..... 44444
8619 11111 ..... 33333 .....
8620 ..... 22222 ..... 44444
8621 11111 ..... 33333 .....
8622 ..... 22222 ..... 44444
8623 11111 ..... 33333 .....
8624 ..... 22222 ..... 44444
8628 @item interleave_top, 4
8629 Interleave the upper field from odd frames with the lower field from
8630 even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.
8635 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8637 11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
8638 11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
8639 11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
8640 11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
8650 @item interleave_bottom, 5
8651 Interleave the lower field from odd frames with the upper field from
8652 even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.
8657 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8659 11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
8660 11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
8661 11111 22222<- 33333 44444<-
8662 11111<- 22222 33333<- 44444
8672 @item interlacex2, 6
8673 Double frame rate with unchanged height. Frames are inserted each
8674 containing the second temporal field from the previous input frame and
8675 the first temporal field from the next input frame. This mode relies on
8676 the top_field_first flag. Useful for interlaced video displays with no
8677 field synchronisation.
8682 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
8684 11111 22222 33333 44444
8685 11111 22222 33333 44444
8686 11111 22222 33333 44444
8687 11111 22222 33333 44444
8690 11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444 44444
8691 11111 11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444
8692 11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444 44444
8693 11111 11111 22222 22222 33333 33333 44444
8699 Numeric values are deprecated but are accepted for backward
8700 compatibility reasons.
8702 Default mode is @code{merge}.
8705 Specify flags influencing the filter process.
8707 Available value for @var{flags} is:
8710 @item low_pass_filter, vlfp
8711 Enable vertical low-pass filtering in the filter.
8712 Vertical low-pass filtering is required when creating an interlaced
8713 destination from a progressive source which contains high-frequency
8714 vertical detail. Filtering will reduce interlace 'twitter' and Moire
8717 Vertical low-pass filtering can only be enabled for @option{mode}
8718 @var{interleave_top} and @var{interleave_bottom}.
8725 Transpose rows with columns in the input video and optionally flip it.
8727 It accepts the following parameters:
8732 Specify the transposition direction.
8734 Can assume the following values:
8736 @item 0, 4, cclock_flip
8737 Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise and vertically flip (default), that is:
8745 Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise, that is:
8753 Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise, that is:
8760 @item 3, 7, clock_flip
8761 Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and vertically flip, that is:
8769 For values between 4-7, the transposition is only done if the input
8770 video geometry is portrait and not landscape. These values are
8771 deprecated, the @code{passthrough} option should be used instead.
8773 Numerical values are deprecated, and should be dropped in favor of
8777 Do not apply the transposition if the input geometry matches the one
8778 specified by the specified value. It accepts the following values:
8781 Always apply transposition.
8783 Preserve portrait geometry (when @var{height} >= @var{width}).
8785 Preserve landscape geometry (when @var{width} >= @var{height}).
8788 Default value is @code{none}.
8791 For example to rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and preserve portrait
8794 transpose=dir=1:passthrough=portrait
8797 The command above can also be specified as:
8799 transpose=1:portrait
8803 Trim the input so that the output contains one continuous subpart of the input.
8805 It accepts the following parameters:
8808 Specify the time of the start of the kept section, i.e. the frame with the
8809 timestamp @var{start} will be the first frame in the output.
8812 Specify the time of the first frame that will be dropped, i.e. the frame
8813 immediately preceding the one with the timestamp @var{end} will be the last
8814 frame in the output.
8817 This is the same as @var{start}, except this option sets the start timestamp
8818 in timebase units instead of seconds.
8821 This is the same as @var{end}, except this option sets the end timestamp
8822 in timebase units instead of seconds.
8825 The maximum duration of the output in seconds.
8828 The number of the first frame that should be passed to the output.
8831 The number of the first frame that should be dropped.
8834 @option{start}, @option{end}, and @option{duration} are expressed as time
8835 duration specifications; see
8836 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
8837 for the accepted syntax.
8839 Note that the first two sets of the start/end options and the @option{duration}
8840 option look at the frame timestamp, while the _frame variants simply count the
8841 frames that pass through the filter. Also note that this filter does not modify
8842 the timestamps. If you wish for the output timestamps to start at zero, insert a
8843 setpts filter after the trim filter.
8845 If multiple start or end options are set, this filter tries to be greedy and
8846 keep all the frames that match at least one of the specified constraints. To keep
8847 only the part that matches all the constraints at once, chain multiple trim
8850 The defaults are such that all the input is kept. So it is possible to set e.g.
8851 just the end values to keep everything before the specified time.
8856 Drop everything except the second minute of input:
8858 ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf trim=60:120
8862 Keep only the first second:
8864 ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf trim=duration=1
8873 Sharpen or blur the input video.
8875 It accepts the following parameters:
8878 @item luma_msize_x, lx
8879 Set the luma matrix horizontal size. It must be an odd integer between
8880 3 and 63. The default value is 5.
8882 @item luma_msize_y, ly
8883 Set the luma matrix vertical size. It must be an odd integer between 3
8884 and 63. The default value is 5.
8886 @item luma_amount, la
8887 Set the luma effect strength. It must be a floating point number, reasonable
8888 values lay between -1.5 and 1.5.
8890 Negative values will blur the input video, while positive values will
8891 sharpen it, a value of zero will disable the effect.
8893 Default value is 1.0.
8895 @item chroma_msize_x, cx
8896 Set the chroma matrix horizontal size. It must be an odd integer
8897 between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.
8899 @item chroma_msize_y, cy
8900 Set the chroma matrix vertical size. It must be an odd integer
8901 between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.
8903 @item chroma_amount, ca
8904 Set the chroma effect strength. It must be a floating point number, reasonable
8905 values lay between -1.5 and 1.5.
8907 Negative values will blur the input video, while positive values will
8908 sharpen it, a value of zero will disable the effect.
8910 Default value is 0.0.
8913 If set to 1, specify using OpenCL capabilities, only available if
8914 FFmpeg was configured with @code{--enable-opencl}. Default value is 0.
8918 All parameters are optional and default to the equivalent of the
8919 string '5:5:1.0:5:5:0.0'.
8921 @subsection Examples
8925 Apply strong luma sharpen effect:
8927 unsharp=luma_msize_x=7:luma_msize_y=7:luma_amount=2.5
8931 Apply a strong blur of both luma and chroma parameters:
8933 unsharp=7:7:-2:7:7:-2
8939 Apply ultra slow/simple postprocessing filter that compresses and decompresses
8940 the image at several (or - in the case of @option{quality} level @code{8} - all)
8941 shifts and average the results.
8943 The way this differs from the behavior of spp is that uspp actually encodes &
8944 decodes each case with libavcodec Snow, whereas spp uses a simplified intra only 8x8
8945 DCT similar to MJPEG.
8947 The filter accepts the following options:
8951 Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts
8952 an integer in the range 0-8. If set to @code{0}, the filter will have no
8953 effect. A value of @code{8} means the higher quality. For each increment of
8954 that value the speed drops by a factor of approximately 2. Default value is
8958 Force a constant quantization parameter. If not set, the filter will use the QP
8959 from the video stream (if available).
8962 @anchor{vidstabdetect}
8963 @section vidstabdetect
8965 Analyze video stabilization/deshaking. Perform pass 1 of 2, see
8966 @ref{vidstabtransform} for pass 2.
8968 This filter generates a file with relative translation and rotation
8969 transform information about subsequent frames, which is then used by
8970 the @ref{vidstabtransform} filter.
8972 To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
8973 @code{--enable-libvidstab}.
8975 This filter accepts the following options:
8979 Set the path to the file used to write the transforms information.
8980 Default value is @file{transforms.trf}.
8983 Set how shaky the video is and how quick the camera is. It accepts an
8984 integer in the range 1-10, a value of 1 means little shakiness, a
8985 value of 10 means strong shakiness. Default value is 5.
8988 Set the accuracy of the detection process. It must be a value in the
8989 range 1-15. A value of 1 means low accuracy, a value of 15 means high
8990 accuracy. Default value is 15.
8993 Set stepsize of the search process. The region around minimum is
8994 scanned with 1 pixel resolution. Default value is 6.
8997 Set minimum contrast. Below this value a local measurement field is
8998 discarded. Must be a floating point value in the range 0-1. Default
9002 Set reference frame number for tripod mode.
9004 If enabled, the motion of the frames is compared to a reference frame
9005 in the filtered stream, identified by the specified number. The idea
9006 is to compensate all movements in a more-or-less static scene and keep
9007 the camera view absolutely still.
9009 If set to 0, it is disabled. The frames are counted starting from 1.
9012 Show fields and transforms in the resulting frames. It accepts an
9013 integer in the range 0-2. Default value is 0, which disables any
9017 @subsection Examples
9027 Analyze strongly shaky movie and put the results in file
9028 @file{mytransforms.trf}:
9030 vidstabdetect=shakiness=10:accuracy=15:result="mytransforms.trf"
9034 Visualize the result of internal transformations in the resulting
9037 vidstabdetect=show=1
9041 Analyze a video with medium shakiness using @command{ffmpeg}:
9043 ffmpeg -i input -vf vidstabdetect=shakiness=5:show=1 dummy.avi
9047 @anchor{vidstabtransform}
9048 @section vidstabtransform
9050 Video stabilization/deshaking: pass 2 of 2,
9051 see @ref{vidstabdetect} for pass 1.
9053 Read a file with transform information for each frame and
9054 apply/compensate them. Together with the @ref{vidstabdetect}
9055 filter this can be used to deshake videos. See also
9056 @url{http://public.hronopik.de/vid.stab}. It is important to also use
9057 the @ref{unsharp} filter, see below.
9059 To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with
9060 @code{--enable-libvidstab}.
9066 Set path to the file used to read the transforms. Default value is
9067 @file{transforms.trf}.
9070 Set the number of frames (value*2 + 1) used for lowpass filtering the
9071 camera movements. Default value is 10.
9073 For example a number of 10 means that 21 frames are used (10 in the
9074 past and 10 in the future) to smoothen the motion in the video. A
9075 larger value leads to a smoother video, but limits the acceleration of
9076 the camera (pan/tilt movements). 0 is a special case where a static
9077 camera is simulated.
9080 Set the camera path optimization algorithm.
9082 Accepted values are:
9085 gaussian kernel low-pass filter on camera motion (default)
9087 averaging on transformations
9091 Set maximal number of pixels to translate frames. Default value is -1,
9095 Set maximal angle in radians (degree*PI/180) to rotate frames. Default
9096 value is -1, meaning no limit.
9099 Specify how to deal with borders that may be visible due to movement
9102 Available values are:
9105 keep image information from previous frame (default)
9107 fill the border black
9111 Invert transforms if set to 1. Default value is 0.
9114 Consider transforms as relative to previous frame if set to 1,
9115 absolute if set to 0. Default value is 0.
9118 Set percentage to zoom. A positive value will result in a zoom-in
9119 effect, a negative value in a zoom-out effect. Default value is 0 (no
9123 Set optimal zooming to avoid borders.
9125 Accepted values are:
9130 optimal static zoom value is determined (only very strong movements
9131 will lead to visible borders) (default)
9133 optimal adaptive zoom value is determined (no borders will be
9134 visible), see @option{zoomspeed}
9137 Note that the value given at zoom is added to the one calculated here.
9140 Set percent to zoom maximally each frame (enabled when
9141 @option{optzoom} is set to 2). Range is from 0 to 5, default value is
9145 Specify type of interpolation.
9147 Available values are:
9152 linear only horizontal
9154 linear in both directions (default)
9156 cubic in both directions (slow)
9160 Enable virtual tripod mode if set to 1, which is equivalent to
9161 @code{relative=0:smoothing=0}. Default value is 0.
9163 Use also @code{tripod} option of @ref{vidstabdetect}.
9166 Increase log verbosity if set to 1. Also the detected global motions
9167 are written to the temporary file @file{global_motions.trf}. Default
9171 @subsection Examples
9175 Use @command{ffmpeg} for a typical stabilization with default values:
9177 ffmpeg -i inp.mpeg -vf vidstabtransform,unsharp=5:5:0.8:3:3:0.4 inp_stabilized.mpeg
9180 Note the use of the @ref{unsharp} filter which is always recommended.
9183 Zoom in a bit more and load transform data from a given file:
9185 vidstabtransform=zoom=5:input="mytransforms.trf"
9189 Smoothen the video even more:
9191 vidstabtransform=smoothing=30
9197 Flip the input video vertically.
9199 For example, to vertically flip a video with @command{ffmpeg}:
9201 ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "vflip" out.avi
9207 Make or reverse a natural vignetting effect.
9209 The filter accepts the following options:
9213 Set lens angle expression as a number of radians.
9215 The value is clipped in the @code{[0,PI/2]} range.
9217 Default value: @code{"PI/5"}
9221 Set center coordinates expressions. Respectively @code{"w/2"} and @code{"h/2"}
9225 Set forward/backward mode.
9227 Available modes are:
9230 The larger the distance from the central point, the darker the image becomes.
9233 The larger the distance from the central point, the brighter the image becomes.
9234 This can be used to reverse a vignette effect, though there is no automatic
9235 detection to extract the lens @option{angle} and other settings (yet). It can
9236 also be used to create a burning effect.
9239 Default value is @samp{forward}.
9242 Set evaluation mode for the expressions (@option{angle}, @option{x0}, @option{y0}).
9244 It accepts the following values:
9247 Evaluate expressions only once during the filter initialization.
9250 Evaluate expressions for each incoming frame. This is way slower than the
9251 @samp{init} mode since it requires all the scalers to be re-computed, but it
9252 allows advanced dynamic expressions.
9255 Default value is @samp{init}.
9258 Set dithering to reduce the circular banding effects. Default is @code{1}
9262 Set vignette aspect. This setting allows one to adjust the shape of the vignette.
9263 Setting this value to the SAR of the input will make a rectangular vignetting
9264 following the dimensions of the video.
9266 Default is @code{1/1}.
9269 @subsection Expressions
9271 The @option{alpha}, @option{x0} and @option{y0} expressions can contain the
9272 following parameters.
9277 input width and height
9280 the number of input frame, starting from 0
9283 the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) time of the filtered video frame, expressed in
9284 @var{TB} units, NAN if undefined
9287 frame rate of the input video, NAN if the input frame rate is unknown
9290 the PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame,
9291 expressed in seconds, NAN if undefined
9294 time base of the input video
9298 @subsection Examples
9302 Apply simple strong vignetting effect:
9308 Make a flickering vignetting:
9310 vignette='PI/4+random(1)*PI/50':eval=frame
9317 Deinterlace the input video ("w3fdif" stands for "Weston 3 Field
9318 Deinterlacing Filter").
9320 Based on the process described by Martin Weston for BBC R&D, and
9321 implemented based on the de-interlace algorithm written by Jim
9322 Easterbrook for BBC R&D, the Weston 3 field deinterlacing filter
9323 uses filter coefficients calculated by BBC R&D.
9325 There are two sets of filter coefficients, so called "simple":
9326 and "complex". Which set of filter coefficients is used can
9327 be set by passing an optional parameter:
9331 Set the interlacing filter coefficients. Accepts one of the following values:
9335 Simple filter coefficient set.
9337 More-complex filter coefficient set.
9339 Default value is @samp{complex}.
9342 Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following values:
9346 Deinterlace all frames,
9348 Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced.
9351 Default value is @samp{all}.
9355 Apply the xBR high-quality magnification filter which is designed for pixel
9356 art. It follows a set of edge-detection rules, see
9357 @url{http://www.libretro.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=134}.
9359 It accepts the following option:
9363 Set the scaling dimension: @code{2} for @code{2xBR}, @code{3} for
9364 @code{3xBR} and @code{4} for @code{4xBR}.
9365 Default is @code{3}.
9371 Deinterlace the input video ("yadif" means "yet another deinterlacing
9374 It accepts the following parameters:
9380 The interlacing mode to adopt. It accepts one of the following values:
9384 Output one frame for each frame.
9386 Output one frame for each field.
9387 @item 2, send_frame_nospatial
9388 Like @code{send_frame}, but it skips the spatial interlacing check.
9389 @item 3, send_field_nospatial
9390 Like @code{send_field}, but it skips the spatial interlacing check.
9393 The default value is @code{send_frame}.
9396 The picture field parity assumed for the input interlaced video. It accepts one
9397 of the following values:
9401 Assume the top field is first.
9403 Assume the bottom field is first.
9405 Enable automatic detection of field parity.
9408 The default value is @code{auto}.
9409 If the interlacing is unknown or the decoder does not export this information,
9410 top field first will be assumed.
9413 Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following
9418 Deinterlace all frames.
9420 Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced.
9423 The default value is @code{all}.
9428 Apply Zoom & Pan effect.
9430 This filter accepts the following options:
9434 Set the zoom expression. Default is 1.
9438 Set the x and y expression. Default is 0.
9441 Set the duration expression in number of frames.
9442 This sets for how many number of frames effect will last for
9446 Set the output image size, default is 'hd720'.
9449 Each expression can contain the following constants:
9472 Last calculated 'x' and 'y' position from 'x' and 'y' expression
9473 for current input frame.
9477 'x' and 'y' of last output frame of previous input frame or 0 when there was
9478 not yet such frame (first input frame).
9481 Last calculated zoom from 'z' expression for current input frame.
9484 Last calculated zoom of last output frame of previous input frame.
9487 Number of output frames for current input frame. Calculated from 'd' expression
9488 for each input frame.
9491 number of output frames created for previous input frame
9494 Rational number: input width / input height
9500 display aspect ratio
9504 @subsection Examples
9508 Zoom-in up to 1.5 and pan at same time to some spot near center of picture:
9510 zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=700:x='if(gte(zoom,1.5),x,x+1/a)':y='if(gte(zoom,1.5),y,y+1)':s=640x360
9514 @c man end VIDEO FILTERS
9516 @chapter Video Sources
9517 @c man begin VIDEO SOURCES
9519 Below is a description of the currently available video sources.
9523 Buffer video frames, and make them available to the filter chain.
9525 This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular
9526 through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/vsrc_buffer.h}.
9528 It accepts the following parameters:
9533 Specify the size (width and height) of the buffered video frames. For the
9534 syntax of this option, check the "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils
9538 The input video width.
9541 The input video height.
9544 A string representing the pixel format of the buffered video frames.
9545 It may be a number corresponding to a pixel format, or a pixel format
9549 Specify the timebase assumed by the timestamps of the buffered frames.
9552 Specify the frame rate expected for the video stream.
9554 @item pixel_aspect, sar
9555 The sample (pixel) aspect ratio of the input video.
9558 Specify the optional parameters to be used for the scale filter which
9559 is automatically inserted when an input change is detected in the
9560 input size or format.
9565 buffer=width=320:height=240:pix_fmt=yuv410p:time_base=1/24:sar=1
9568 will instruct the source to accept video frames with size 320x240 and
9569 with format "yuv410p", assuming 1/24 as the timestamps timebase and
9570 square pixels (1:1 sample aspect ratio).
9571 Since the pixel format with name "yuv410p" corresponds to the number 6
9572 (check the enum AVPixelFormat definition in @file{libavutil/pixfmt.h}),
9573 this example corresponds to:
9575 buffer=size=320x240:pixfmt=6:time_base=1/24:pixel_aspect=1/1
9578 Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string, but this
9579 syntax is deprecated:
9581 @var{width}:@var{height}:@var{pix_fmt}:@var{time_base.num}:@var{time_base.den}:@var{pixel_aspect.num}:@var{pixel_aspect.den}[:@var{sws_param}]
9585 Create a pattern generated by an elementary cellular automaton.
9587 The initial state of the cellular automaton can be defined through the
9588 @option{filename}, and @option{pattern} options. If such options are
9589 not specified an initial state is created randomly.
9591 At each new frame a new row in the video is filled with the result of
9592 the cellular automaton next generation. The behavior when the whole
9593 frame is filled is defined by the @option{scroll} option.
9595 This source accepts the following options:
9599 Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from
9601 In the file, each non-whitespace character is considered an alive
9602 cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the
9603 file will be ignored.
9606 Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from
9607 the specified string.
9609 Each non-whitespace character in the string is considered an alive
9610 cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the
9611 string will be ignored.
9614 Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second.
9617 @item random_fill_ratio, ratio
9618 Set the random fill ratio for the initial cellular automaton row. It
9619 is a floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to
9622 This option is ignored when a file or a pattern is specified.
9624 @item random_seed, seed
9625 Set the seed for filling randomly the initial row, must be an integer
9626 included between 0 and UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly
9627 set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best
9631 Set the cellular automaton rule, it is a number ranging from 0 to 255.
9632 Default value is 110.
9635 Set the size of the output video. For the syntax of this option, check
9636 the "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
9638 If @option{filename} or @option{pattern} is specified, the size is set
9639 by default to the width of the specified initial state row, and the
9640 height is set to @var{width} * PHI.
9642 If @option{size} is set, it must contain the width of the specified
9643 pattern string, and the specified pattern will be centered in the
9646 If a filename or a pattern string is not specified, the size value
9647 defaults to "320x518" (used for a randomly generated initial state).
9650 If set to 1, scroll the output upward when all the rows in the output
9651 have been already filled. If set to 0, the new generated row will be
9652 written over the top row just after the bottom row is filled.
9655 @item start_full, full
9656 If set to 1, completely fill the output with generated rows before
9657 outputting the first frame.
9658 This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0.
9661 If set to 1, stitch the left and right row edges together.
9662 This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0.
9665 @subsection Examples
9669 Read the initial state from @file{pattern}, and specify an output of
9672 cellauto=f=pattern:s=200x400
9676 Generate a random initial row with a width of 200 cells, with a fill
9679 cellauto=ratio=2/3:s=200x200
9683 Create a pattern generated by rule 18 starting by a single alive cell
9684 centered on an initial row with width 100:
9686 cellauto=p=@@:s=100x400:full=0:rule=18
9690 Specify a more elaborated initial pattern:
9692 cellauto=p='@@@@ @@ @@@@':s=100x400:full=0:rule=18
9699 Generate a Mandelbrot set fractal, and progressively zoom towards the
9700 point specified with @var{start_x} and @var{start_y}.
9702 This source accepts the following options:
9707 Set the terminal pts value. Default value is 400.
9710 Set the terminal scale value.
9711 Must be a floating point value. Default value is 0.3.
9714 Set the inner coloring mode, that is the algorithm used to draw the
9715 Mandelbrot fractal internal region.
9717 It shall assume one of the following values:
9722 Show time until convergence.
9724 Set color based on point closest to the origin of the iterations.
9729 Default value is @var{mincol}.
9732 Set the bailout value. Default value is 10.0.
9735 Set the maximum of iterations performed by the rendering
9736 algorithm. Default value is 7189.
9739 Set outer coloring mode.
9740 It shall assume one of following values:
9742 @item iteration_count
9743 Set iteration cound mode.
9744 @item normalized_iteration_count
9745 set normalized iteration count mode.
9747 Default value is @var{normalized_iteration_count}.
9750 Set frame rate, expressed as number of frames per second. Default
9754 Set frame size. For the syntax of this option, check the "Video
9755 size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "640x480".
9758 Set the initial scale value. Default value is 3.0.
9761 Set the initial x position. Must be a floating point value between
9762 -100 and 100. Default value is -0.743643887037158704752191506114774.
9765 Set the initial y position. Must be a floating point value between
9766 -100 and 100. Default value is -0.131825904205311970493132056385139.
9771 Generate various test patterns, as generated by the MPlayer test filter.
9773 The size of the generated video is fixed, and is 256x256.
9774 This source is useful in particular for testing encoding features.
9776 This source accepts the following options:
9781 Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames
9782 generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
9783 @var{frame_rate_num}/@var{frame_rate_den}, an integer number, a floating point
9784 number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is
9788 Set the duration of the sourced video. See
9789 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
9790 for the accepted syntax.
9792 If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is
9793 supposed to be generated forever.
9797 Set the number or the name of the test to perform. Supported tests are:
9813 Default value is "all", which will cycle through the list of all tests.
9821 will generate a "dc_luma" test pattern.
9825 Provide a frei0r source.
9827 To enable compilation of this filter you need to install the frei0r
9828 header and configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-frei0r}.
9830 This source accepts the following parameters:
9835 The size of the video to generate. For the syntax of this option, check the
9836 "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
9839 The framerate of the generated video. It may be a string of the form
9840 @var{num}/@var{den} or a frame rate abbreviation.
9843 The name to the frei0r source to load. For more information regarding frei0r and
9844 how to set the parameters, read the @ref{frei0r} section in the video filters
9848 A '|'-separated list of parameters to pass to the frei0r source.
9852 For example, to generate a frei0r partik0l source with size 200x200
9853 and frame rate 10 which is overlayed on the overlay filter main input:
9855 frei0r_src=size=200x200:framerate=10:filter_name=partik0l:filter_params=1234 [overlay]; [in][overlay] overlay
9860 Generate a life pattern.
9862 This source is based on a generalization of John Conway's life game.
9864 The sourced input represents a life grid, each pixel represents a cell
9865 which can be in one of two possible states, alive or dead. Every cell
9866 interacts with its eight neighbours, which are the cells that are
9867 horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent.
9869 At each interaction the grid evolves according to the adopted rule,
9870 which specifies the number of neighbor alive cells which will make a
9871 cell stay alive or born. The @option{rule} option allows one to specify
9874 This source accepts the following options:
9878 Set the file from which to read the initial grid state. In the file,
9879 each non-whitespace character is considered an alive cell, and newline
9880 is used to delimit the end of each row.
9882 If this option is not specified, the initial grid is generated
9886 Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second.
9889 @item random_fill_ratio, ratio
9890 Set the random fill ratio for the initial random grid. It is a
9891 floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to 1/PHI.
9892 It is ignored when a file is specified.
9894 @item random_seed, seed
9895 Set the seed for filling the initial random grid, must be an integer
9896 included between 0 and UINT32_MAX. If not specified, or if explicitly
9897 set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best
9903 A rule can be specified with a code of the kind "S@var{NS}/B@var{NB}",
9904 where @var{NS} and @var{NB} are sequences of numbers in the range 0-8,
9905 @var{NS} specifies the number of alive neighbor cells which make a
9906 live cell stay alive, and @var{NB} the number of alive neighbor cells
9907 which make a dead cell to become alive (i.e. to "born").
9908 "s" and "b" can be used in place of "S" and "B", respectively.
9910 Alternatively a rule can be specified by an 18-bits integer. The 9
9911 high order bits are used to encode the next cell state if it is alive
9912 for each number of neighbor alive cells, the low order bits specify
9913 the rule for "borning" new cells. Higher order bits encode for an
9914 higher number of neighbor cells.
9915 For example the number 6153 = @code{(12<<9)+9} specifies a stay alive
9916 rule of 12 and a born rule of 9, which corresponds to "S23/B03".
9918 Default value is "S23/B3", which is the original Conway's game of life
9919 rule, and will keep a cell alive if it has 2 or 3 neighbor alive
9920 cells, and will born a new cell if there are three alive cells around
9924 Set the size of the output video. For the syntax of this option, check the
9925 "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
9927 If @option{filename} is specified, the size is set by default to the
9928 same size of the input file. If @option{size} is set, it must contain
9929 the size specified in the input file, and the initial grid defined in
9930 that file is centered in the larger resulting area.
9932 If a filename is not specified, the size value defaults to "320x240"
9933 (used for a randomly generated initial grid).
9936 If set to 1, stitch the left and right grid edges together, and the
9937 top and bottom edges also. Defaults to 1.
9940 Set cell mold speed. If set, a dead cell will go from @option{death_color} to
9941 @option{mold_color} with a step of @option{mold}. @option{mold} can have a
9942 value from 0 to 255.
9945 Set the color of living (or new born) cells.
9948 Set the color of dead cells. If @option{mold} is set, this is the first color
9949 used to represent a dead cell.
9952 Set mold color, for definitely dead and moldy cells.
9954 For the syntax of these 3 color options, check the "Color" section in the
9955 ffmpeg-utils manual.
9958 @subsection Examples
9962 Read a grid from @file{pattern}, and center it on a grid of size
9965 life=f=pattern:s=300x300
9969 Generate a random grid of size 200x200, with a fill ratio of 2/3:
9971 life=ratio=2/3:s=200x200
9975 Specify a custom rule for evolving a randomly generated grid:
9981 Full example with slow death effect (mold) using @command{ffplay}:
9983 ffplay -f lavfi life=s=300x200:mold=10:r=60:ratio=0.1:death_color=#C83232:life_color=#00ff00,scale=1200:800:flags=16
9988 @anchor{haldclutsrc}
9992 @anchor{smptehdbars}
9994 @section color, haldclutsrc, nullsrc, rgbtestsrc, smptebars, smptehdbars, testsrc
9996 The @code{color} source provides an uniformly colored input.
9998 The @code{haldclutsrc} source provides an identity Hald CLUT. See also
9999 @ref{haldclut} filter.
10001 The @code{nullsrc} source returns unprocessed video frames. It is
10002 mainly useful to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as the
10003 source for filters which ignore the input data.
10005 The @code{rgbtestsrc} source generates an RGB test pattern useful for
10006 detecting RGB vs BGR issues. You should see a red, green and blue
10007 stripe from top to bottom.
10009 The @code{smptebars} source generates a color bars pattern, based on
10010 the SMPTE Engineering Guideline EG 1-1990.
10012 The @code{smptehdbars} source generates a color bars pattern, based on
10013 the SMPTE RP 219-2002.
10015 The @code{testsrc} source generates a test video pattern, showing a
10016 color pattern, a scrolling gradient and a timestamp. This is mainly
10017 intended for testing purposes.
10019 The sources accept the following parameters:
10024 Specify the color of the source, only available in the @code{color}
10025 source. For the syntax of this option, check the "Color" section in the
10026 ffmpeg-utils manual.
10029 Specify the level of the Hald CLUT, only available in the @code{haldclutsrc}
10030 source. A level of @code{N} generates a picture of @code{N*N*N} by @code{N*N*N}
10031 pixels to be used as identity matrix for 3D lookup tables. Each component is
10032 coded on a @code{1/(N*N)} scale.
10035 Specify the size of the sourced video. For the syntax of this option, check the
10036 "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. The default value is
10039 This option is not available with the @code{haldclutsrc} filter.
10042 Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames
10043 generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
10044 @var{frame_rate_num}/@var{frame_rate_den}, an integer number, a floating point
10045 number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is
10049 Set the sample aspect ratio of the sourced video.
10052 Set the duration of the sourced video. See
10053 @ref{time duration syntax,,the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual,ffmpeg-utils}
10054 for the accepted syntax.
10056 If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is
10057 supposed to be generated forever.
10060 Set the number of decimals to show in the timestamp, only available in the
10061 @code{testsrc} source.
10063 The displayed timestamp value will correspond to the original
10064 timestamp value multiplied by the power of 10 of the specified
10065 value. Default value is 0.
10068 For example the following:
10070 testsrc=duration=5.3:size=qcif:rate=10
10073 will generate a video with a duration of 5.3 seconds, with size
10074 176x144 and a frame rate of 10 frames per second.
10076 The following graph description will generate a red source
10077 with an opacity of 0.2, with size "qcif" and a frame rate of 10
10080 color=c=red@@0.2:s=qcif:r=10
10083 If the input content is to be ignored, @code{nullsrc} can be used. The
10084 following command generates noise in the luminance plane by employing
10085 the @code{geq} filter:
10087 nullsrc=s=256x256, geq=random(1)*255:128:128
10090 @subsection Commands
10092 The @code{color} source supports the following commands:
10096 Set the color of the created image. Accepts the same syntax of the
10097 corresponding @option{color} option.
10100 @c man end VIDEO SOURCES
10102 @chapter Video Sinks
10103 @c man begin VIDEO SINKS
10105 Below is a description of the currently available video sinks.
10107 @section buffersink
10109 Buffer video frames, and make them available to the end of the filter
10112 This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular
10113 through the interface defined in @file{libavfilter/buffersink.h}
10114 or the options system.
10116 It accepts a pointer to an AVBufferSinkContext structure, which
10117 defines the incoming buffers' formats, to be passed as the opaque
10118 parameter to @code{avfilter_init_filter} for initialization.
10122 Null video sink: do absolutely nothing with the input video. It is
10123 mainly useful as a template and for use in analysis / debugging
10126 @c man end VIDEO SINKS
10128 @chapter Multimedia Filters
10129 @c man begin MULTIMEDIA FILTERS
10131 Below is a description of the currently available multimedia filters.
10133 @section avectorscope
10135 Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio vector
10138 The filter is used to measure the difference between channels of stereo
10139 audio stream. A monoaural signal, consisting of identical left and right
10140 signal, results in straight vertical line. Any stereo separation is visible
10141 as a deviation from this line, creating a Lissajous figure.
10142 If the straight (or deviation from it) but horizontal line appears this
10143 indicates that the left and right channels are out of phase.
10145 The filter accepts the following options:
10149 Set the vectorscope mode.
10151 Available values are:
10154 Lissajous rotated by 45 degrees.
10157 Same as above but not rotated.
10160 Default value is @samp{lissajous}.
10163 Set the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the "Video size"
10164 section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is @code{400x400}.
10167 Set the output frame rate. Default value is @code{25}.
10172 Specify the red, green and blue contrast. Default values are @code{40}, @code{160} and @code{80}.
10173 Allowed range is @code{[0, 255]}.
10178 Specify the red, green and blue fade. Default values are @code{15}, @code{10} and @code{5}.
10179 Allowed range is @code{[0, 255]}.
10182 Set the zoom factor. Default value is @code{1}. Allowed range is @code{[1, 10]}.
10185 @subsection Examples
10189 Complete example using @command{ffplay}:
10191 ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=input.mp3, asplit [a][out1];
10192 [a] avectorscope=zoom=1.3:rc=2:gc=200:bc=10:rf=1:gf=8:bf=7 [out0]'
10198 Concatenate audio and video streams, joining them together one after the
10201 The filter works on segments of synchronized video and audio streams. All
10202 segments must have the same number of streams of each type, and that will
10203 also be the number of streams at output.
10205 The filter accepts the following options:
10210 Set the number of segments. Default is 2.
10213 Set the number of output video streams, that is also the number of video
10214 streams in each segment. Default is 1.
10217 Set the number of output audio streams, that is also the number of audio
10218 streams in each segment. Default is 0.
10221 Activate unsafe mode: do not fail if segments have a different format.
10225 The filter has @var{v}+@var{a} outputs: first @var{v} video outputs, then
10226 @var{a} audio outputs.
10228 There are @var{n}x(@var{v}+@var{a}) inputs: first the inputs for the first
10229 segment, in the same order as the outputs, then the inputs for the second
10232 Related streams do not always have exactly the same duration, for various
10233 reasons including codec frame size or sloppy authoring. For that reason,
10234 related synchronized streams (e.g. a video and its audio track) should be
10235 concatenated at once. The concat filter will use the duration of the longest
10236 stream in each segment (except the last one), and if necessary pad shorter
10237 audio streams with silence.
10239 For this filter to work correctly, all segments must start at timestamp 0.
10241 All corresponding streams must have the same parameters in all segments; the
10242 filtering system will automatically select a common pixel format for video
10243 streams, and a common sample format, sample rate and channel layout for
10244 audio streams, but other settings, such as resolution, must be converted
10245 explicitly by the user.
10247 Different frame rates are acceptable but will result in variable frame rate
10248 at output; be sure to configure the output file to handle it.
10250 @subsection Examples
10254 Concatenate an opening, an episode and an ending, all in bilingual version
10255 (video in stream 0, audio in streams 1 and 2):
10257 ffmpeg -i opening.mkv -i episode.mkv -i ending.mkv -filter_complex \
10258 '[0:0] [0:1] [0:2] [1:0] [1:1] [1:2] [2:0] [2:1] [2:2]
10259 concat=n=3:v=1:a=2 [v] [a1] [a2]' \
10260 -map '[v]' -map '[a1]' -map '[a2]' output.mkv
10264 Concatenate two parts, handling audio and video separately, using the
10265 (a)movie sources, and adjusting the resolution:
10267 movie=part1.mp4, scale=512:288 [v1] ; amovie=part1.mp4 [a1] ;
10268 movie=part2.mp4, scale=512:288 [v2] ; amovie=part2.mp4 [a2] ;
10269 [v1] [v2] concat [outv] ; [a1] [a2] concat=v=0:a=1 [outa]
10271 Note that a desync will happen at the stitch if the audio and video streams
10272 do not have exactly the same duration in the first file.
10278 EBU R128 scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as input and outputs
10279 it unchanged. By default, it logs a message at a frequency of 10Hz with the
10280 Momentary loudness (identified by @code{M}), Short-term loudness (@code{S}),
10281 Integrated loudness (@code{I}) and Loudness Range (@code{LRA}).
10283 The filter also has a video output (see the @var{video} option) with a real
10284 time graph to observe the loudness evolution. The graphic contains the logged
10285 message mentioned above, so it is not printed anymore when this option is set,
10286 unless the verbose logging is set. The main graphing area contains the
10287 short-term loudness (3 seconds of analysis), and the gauge on the right is for
10288 the momentary loudness (400 milliseconds).
10290 More information about the Loudness Recommendation EBU R128 on
10291 @url{http://tech.ebu.ch/loudness}.
10293 The filter accepts the following options:
10298 Activate the video output. The audio stream is passed unchanged whether this
10299 option is set or no. The video stream will be the first output stream if
10300 activated. Default is @code{0}.
10303 Set the video size. This option is for video only. For the syntax of this
10304 option, check the "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default
10305 and minimum resolution is @code{640x480}.
10308 Set the EBU scale meter. Default is @code{9}. Common values are @code{9} and
10309 @code{18}, respectively for EBU scale meter +9 and EBU scale meter +18. Any
10310 other integer value between this range is allowed.
10313 Set metadata injection. If set to @code{1}, the audio input will be segmented
10314 into 100ms output frames, each of them containing various loudness information
10315 in metadata. All the metadata keys are prefixed with @code{lavfi.r128.}.
10317 Default is @code{0}.
10320 Force the frame logging level.
10322 Available values are:
10325 information logging level
10327 verbose logging level
10330 By default, the logging level is set to @var{info}. If the @option{video} or
10331 the @option{metadata} options are set, it switches to @var{verbose}.
10336 Available modes can be cumulated (the option is a @code{flag} type). Possible
10340 Disable any peak mode (default).
10342 Enable sample-peak mode.
10344 Simple peak mode looking for the higher sample value. It logs a message
10345 for sample-peak (identified by @code{SPK}).
10347 Enable true-peak mode.
10349 If enabled, the peak lookup is done on an over-sampled version of the input
10350 stream for better peak accuracy. It logs a message for true-peak.
10351 (identified by @code{TPK}) and true-peak per frame (identified by @code{FTPK}).
10352 This mode requires a build with @code{libswresample}.
10357 @subsection Examples
10361 Real-time graph using @command{ffplay}, with a EBU scale meter +18:
10363 ffplay -f lavfi -i "amovie=input.mp3,ebur128=video=1:meter=18 [out0][out1]"
10367 Run an analysis with @command{ffmpeg}:
10369 ffmpeg -nostats -i input.mp3 -filter_complex ebur128 -f null -
10373 @section interleave, ainterleave
10375 Temporally interleave frames from several inputs.
10377 @code{interleave} works with video inputs, @code{ainterleave} with audio.
10379 These filters read frames from several inputs and send the oldest
10380 queued frame to the output.
10382 Input streams must have a well defined, monotonically increasing frame
10385 In order to submit one frame to output, these filters need to enqueue
10386 at least one frame for each input, so they cannot work in case one
10387 input is not yet terminated and will not receive incoming frames.
10389 For example consider the case when one input is a @code{select} filter
10390 which always drop input frames. The @code{interleave} filter will keep
10391 reading from that input, but it will never be able to send new frames
10392 to output until the input will send an end-of-stream signal.
10394 Also, depending on inputs synchronization, the filters will drop
10395 frames in case one input receives more frames than the other ones, and
10396 the queue is already filled.
10398 These filters accept the following options:
10402 Set the number of different inputs, it is 2 by default.
10405 @subsection Examples
10409 Interleave frames belonging to different streams using @command{ffmpeg}:
10411 ffmpeg -i bambi.avi -i pr0n.mkv -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] interleave" out.avi
10415 Add flickering blur effect:
10417 select='if(gt(random(0), 0.2), 1, 2)':n=2 [tmp], boxblur=2:2, [tmp] interleave
10421 @section perms, aperms
10423 Set read/write permissions for the output frames.
10425 These filters are mainly aimed at developers to test direct path in the
10426 following filter in the filtergraph.
10428 The filters accept the following options:
10432 Select the permissions mode.
10434 It accepts the following values:
10437 Do nothing. This is the default.
10439 Set all the output frames read-only.
10441 Set all the output frames directly writable.
10443 Make the frame read-only if writable, and writable if read-only.
10445 Set each output frame read-only or writable randomly.
10449 Set the seed for the @var{random} mode, must be an integer included between
10450 @code{0} and @code{UINT32_MAX}. If not specified, or if explicitly set to
10451 @code{-1}, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort
10455 Note: in case of auto-inserted filter between the permission filter and the
10456 following one, the permission might not be received as expected in that
10457 following filter. Inserting a @ref{format} or @ref{aformat} filter before the
10458 perms/aperms filter can avoid this problem.
10460 @section select, aselect
10462 Select frames to pass in output.
10464 This filter accepts the following options:
10469 Set expression, which is evaluated for each input frame.
10471 If the expression is evaluated to zero, the frame is discarded.
10473 If the evaluation result is negative or NaN, the frame is sent to the
10474 first output; otherwise it is sent to the output with index
10475 @code{ceil(val)-1}, assuming that the input index starts from 0.
10477 For example a value of @code{1.2} corresponds to the output with index
10478 @code{ceil(1.2)-1 = 2-1 = 1}, that is the second output.
10481 Set the number of outputs. The output to which to send the selected
10482 frame is based on the result of the evaluation. Default value is 1.
10485 The expression can contain the following constants:
10489 The (sequential) number of the filtered frame, starting from 0.
10492 The (sequential) number of the selected frame, starting from 0.
10494 @item prev_selected_n
10495 The sequential number of the last selected frame. It's NAN if undefined.
10498 The timebase of the input timestamps.
10501 The PTS (Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame,
10502 expressed in @var{TB} units. It's NAN if undefined.
10505 The PTS of the filtered video frame,
10506 expressed in seconds. It's NAN if undefined.
10509 The PTS of the previously filtered video frame. It's NAN if undefined.
10511 @item prev_selected_pts
10512 The PTS of the last previously filtered video frame. It's NAN if undefined.
10514 @item prev_selected_t
10515 The PTS of the last previously selected video frame. It's NAN if undefined.
10518 The PTS of the first video frame in the video. It's NAN if undefined.
10521 The time of the first video frame in the video. It's NAN if undefined.
10523 @item pict_type @emph{(video only)}
10524 The type of the filtered frame. It can assume one of the following
10536 @item interlace_type @emph{(video only)}
10537 The frame interlace type. It can assume one of the following values:
10540 The frame is progressive (not interlaced).
10542 The frame is top-field-first.
10544 The frame is bottom-field-first.
10547 @item consumed_sample_n @emph{(audio only)}
10548 the number of selected samples before the current frame
10550 @item samples_n @emph{(audio only)}
10551 the number of samples in the current frame
10553 @item sample_rate @emph{(audio only)}
10554 the input sample rate
10557 This is 1 if the filtered frame is a key-frame, 0 otherwise.
10560 the position in the file of the filtered frame, -1 if the information
10561 is not available (e.g. for synthetic video)
10563 @item scene @emph{(video only)}
10564 value between 0 and 1 to indicate a new scene; a low value reflects a low
10565 probability for the current frame to introduce a new scene, while a higher
10566 value means the current frame is more likely to be one (see the example below)
10570 The default value of the select expression is "1".
10572 @subsection Examples
10576 Select all frames in input:
10581 The example above is the same as:
10593 Select only I-frames:
10595 select='eq(pict_type\,I)'
10599 Select one frame every 100:
10601 select='not(mod(n\,100))'
10605 Select only frames contained in the 10-20 time interval:
10607 select=between(t\,10\,20)
10611 Select only I frames contained in the 10-20 time interval:
10613 select=between(t\,10\,20)*eq(pict_type\,I)
10617 Select frames with a minimum distance of 10 seconds:
10619 select='isnan(prev_selected_t)+gte(t-prev_selected_t\,10)'
10623 Use aselect to select only audio frames with samples number > 100:
10625 aselect='gt(samples_n\,100)'
10629 Create a mosaic of the first scenes:
10631 ffmpeg -i video.avi -vf select='gt(scene\,0.4)',scale=160:120,tile -frames:v 1 preview.png
10634 Comparing @var{scene} against a value between 0.3 and 0.5 is generally a sane
10638 Send even and odd frames to separate outputs, and compose them:
10640 select=n=2:e='mod(n, 2)+1' [odd][even]; [odd] pad=h=2*ih [tmp]; [tmp][even] overlay=y=h
10644 @section sendcmd, asendcmd
10646 Send commands to filters in the filtergraph.
10648 These filters read commands to be sent to other filters in the
10651 @code{sendcmd} must be inserted between two video filters,
10652 @code{asendcmd} must be inserted between two audio filters, but apart
10653 from that they act the same way.
10655 The specification of commands can be provided in the filter arguments
10656 with the @var{commands} option, or in a file specified by the
10657 @var{filename} option.
10659 These filters accept the following options:
10662 Set the commands to be read and sent to the other filters.
10664 Set the filename of the commands to be read and sent to the other
10668 @subsection Commands syntax
10670 A commands description consists of a sequence of interval
10671 specifications, comprising a list of commands to be executed when a
10672 particular event related to that interval occurs. The occurring event
10673 is typically the current frame time entering or leaving a given time
10676 An interval is specified by the following syntax:
10678 @var{START}[-@var{END}] @var{COMMANDS};
10681 The time interval is specified by the @var{START} and @var{END} times.
10682 @var{END} is optional and defaults to the maximum time.
10684 The current frame time is considered within the specified interval if
10685 it is included in the interval [@var{START}, @var{END}), that is when
10686 the time is greater or equal to @var{START} and is lesser than
10689 @var{COMMANDS} consists of a sequence of one or more command
10690 specifications, separated by ",", relating to that interval. The
10691 syntax of a command specification is given by:
10693 [@var{FLAGS}] @var{TARGET} @var{COMMAND} @var{ARG}
10696 @var{FLAGS} is optional and specifies the type of events relating to
10697 the time interval which enable sending the specified command, and must
10698 be a non-null sequence of identifier flags separated by "+" or "|" and
10699 enclosed between "[" and "]".
10701 The following flags are recognized:
10704 The command is sent when the current frame timestamp enters the
10705 specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the
10706 previous frame timestamp was not in the given interval, and the
10710 The command is sent when the current frame timestamp leaves the
10711 specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the
10712 previous frame timestamp was in the given interval, and the
10716 If @var{FLAGS} is not specified, a default value of @code{[enter]} is
10719 @var{TARGET} specifies the target of the command, usually the name of
10720 the filter class or a specific filter instance name.
10722 @var{COMMAND} specifies the name of the command for the target filter.
10724 @var{ARG} is optional and specifies the optional list of argument for
10725 the given @var{COMMAND}.
10727 Between one interval specification and another, whitespaces, or
10728 sequences of characters starting with @code{#} until the end of line,
10729 are ignored and can be used to annotate comments.
10731 A simplified BNF description of the commands specification syntax
10734 @var{COMMAND_FLAG} ::= "enter" | "leave"
10735 @var{COMMAND_FLAGS} ::= @var{COMMAND_FLAG} [(+|"|")@var{COMMAND_FLAG}]
10736 @var{COMMAND} ::= ["[" @var{COMMAND_FLAGS} "]"] @var{TARGET} @var{COMMAND} [@var{ARG}]
10737 @var{COMMANDS} ::= @var{COMMAND} [,@var{COMMANDS}]
10738 @var{INTERVAL} ::= @var{START}[-@var{END}] @var{COMMANDS}
10739 @var{INTERVALS} ::= @var{INTERVAL}[;@var{INTERVALS}]
10742 @subsection Examples
10746 Specify audio tempo change at second 4:
10748 asendcmd=c='4.0 atempo tempo 1.5',atempo
10752 Specify a list of drawtext and hue commands in a file.
10754 # show text in the interval 5-10
10755 5.0-10.0 [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=hello world',
10756 [leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=';
10758 # desaturate the image in the interval 15-20
10759 15.0-20.0 [enter] hue s 0,
10760 [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=nocolor',
10762 [leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=color';
10764 # apply an exponential saturation fade-out effect, starting from time 25
10765 25 [enter] hue s exp(25-t)
10768 A filtergraph allowing to read and process the above command list
10769 stored in a file @file{test.cmd}, can be specified with:
10771 sendcmd=f=test.cmd,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='',hue
10776 @section setpts, asetpts
10778 Change the PTS (presentation timestamp) of the input frames.
10780 @code{setpts} works on video frames, @code{asetpts} on audio frames.
10782 This filter accepts the following options:
10787 The expression which is evaluated for each frame to construct its timestamp.
10791 The expression is evaluated through the eval API and can contain the following
10796 frame rate, only defined for constant frame-rate video
10799 The presentation timestamp in input
10802 The count of the input frame for video or the number of consumed samples,
10803 not including the current frame for audio, starting from 0.
10805 @item NB_CONSUMED_SAMPLES
10806 The number of consumed samples, not including the current frame (only
10809 @item NB_SAMPLES, S
10810 The number of samples in the current frame (only audio)
10812 @item SAMPLE_RATE, SR
10813 The audio sample rate.
10816 The PTS of the first frame.
10819 the time in seconds of the first frame
10822 State whether the current frame is interlaced.
10825 the time in seconds of the current frame
10828 original position in the file of the frame, or undefined if undefined
10829 for the current frame
10832 The previous input PTS.
10835 previous input time in seconds
10838 The previous output PTS.
10841 previous output time in seconds
10844 The wallclock (RTC) time in microseconds.. This is deprecated, use time(0)
10848 The wallclock (RTC) time at the start of the movie in microseconds.
10851 The timebase of the input timestamps.
10855 @subsection Examples
10859 Start counting PTS from zero
10861 setpts=PTS-STARTPTS
10865 Apply fast motion effect:
10871 Apply slow motion effect:
10877 Set fixed rate of 25 frames per second:
10883 Set fixed rate 25 fps with some jitter:
10885 setpts='1/(25*TB) * (N + 0.05 * sin(N*2*PI/25))'
10889 Apply an offset of 10 seconds to the input PTS:
10895 Generate timestamps from a "live source" and rebase onto the current timebase:
10897 setpts='(RTCTIME - RTCSTART) / (TB * 1000000)'
10901 Generate timestamps by counting samples:
10908 @section settb, asettb
10910 Set the timebase to use for the output frames timestamps.
10911 It is mainly useful for testing timebase configuration.
10913 It accepts the following parameters:
10918 The expression which is evaluated into the output timebase.
10922 The value for @option{tb} is an arithmetic expression representing a
10923 rational. The expression can contain the constants "AVTB" (the default
10924 timebase), "intb" (the input timebase) and "sr" (the sample rate,
10925 audio only). Default value is "intb".
10927 @subsection Examples
10931 Set the timebase to 1/25:
10937 Set the timebase to 1/10:
10943 Set the timebase to 1001/1000:
10949 Set the timebase to 2*intb:
10955 Set the default timebase value:
10962 Convert input audio to a video output representing
10963 frequency spectrum logarithmically (using constant Q transform with
10964 Brown-Puckette algorithm), with musical tone scale, from E0 to D#10 (10 octaves).
10966 The filter accepts the following options:
10970 Specify transform volume (multiplier) expression. The expression can contain
10973 @item frequency, freq, f
10974 the frequency where transform is evaluated
10975 @item timeclamp, tc
10976 value of timeclamp option
10980 @item a_weighting(f)
10981 A-weighting of equal loudness
10982 @item b_weighting(f)
10983 B-weighting of equal loudness
10984 @item c_weighting(f)
10985 C-weighting of equal loudness
10987 Default value is @code{16}.
10990 Specify transform length expression. The expression can contain variables:
10992 @item frequency, freq, f
10993 the frequency where transform is evaluated
10994 @item timeclamp, tc
10995 value of timeclamp option
10997 Default value is @code{384/f*tc/(384/f+tc)}.
11000 Specify the transform timeclamp. At low frequency, there is trade-off between
11001 accuracy in time domain and frequency domain. If timeclamp is lower,
11002 event in time domain is represented more accurately (such as fast bass drum),
11003 otherwise event in frequency domain is represented more accurately
11004 (such as bass guitar). Acceptable value is [0.1, 1.0]. Default value is @code{0.17}.
11007 Specify the transform coeffclamp. If coeffclamp is lower, transform is
11008 more accurate, otherwise transform is faster. Acceptable value is [0.1, 10.0].
11009 Default value is @code{1.0}.
11012 Specify gamma. Lower gamma makes the spectrum more contrast, higher gamma
11013 makes the spectrum having more range. Acceptable value is [1.0, 7.0].
11014 Default value is @code{3.0}.
11017 Specify font file for use with freetype. If not specified, use embedded font.
11020 Specify font color expression. This is arithmetic expression that should return
11021 integer value 0xRRGGBB. The expression can contain variables:
11023 @item frequency, freq, f
11024 the frequency where transform is evaluated
11025 @item timeclamp, tc
11026 value of timeclamp option
11031 midi number of frequency f, some midi numbers: E0(16), C1(24), C2(36), A4(69)
11032 @item r(x), g(x), b(x)
11033 red, green, and blue value of intensity x
11035 Default value is @code{st(0, (midi(f)-59.5)/12);
11036 st(1, if(between(ld(0),0,1), 0.5-0.5*cos(2*PI*ld(0)), 0));
11037 r(1-ld(1)) + b(ld(1))}
11040 If set to 1 (the default), the video size is 1920x1080 (full HD),
11041 if set to 0, the video size is 960x540. Use this option to make CPU usage lower.
11044 Specify video fps. Default value is @code{25}.
11047 Specify number of transform per frame, so there are fps*count transforms
11048 per second. Note that audio data rate must be divisible by fps*count.
11049 Default value is @code{6}.
11053 @subsection Examples
11057 Playing audio while showing the spectrum:
11059 ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt [out0]'
11063 Same as above, but with frame rate 30 fps:
11065 ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt=fps=30:count=5 [out0]'
11069 Playing at 960x540 and lower CPU usage:
11071 ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt=fullhd=0:count=3 [out0]'
11075 A1 and its harmonics: A1, A2, (near)E3, A3:
11077 ffplay -f lavfi 'aevalsrc=0.1*sin(2*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(4*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(6*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(8*PI*55*t),
11078 asplit[a][out1]; [a] showcqt [out0]'
11082 Same as above, but with more accuracy in frequency domain (and slower):
11084 ffplay -f lavfi 'aevalsrc=0.1*sin(2*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(4*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(6*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(8*PI*55*t),
11085 asplit[a][out1]; [a] showcqt=timeclamp=0.5 [out0]'
11089 B-weighting of equal loudness
11091 volume=16*b_weighting(f)
11097 tlength=100/f*tc/(100/f+tc)
11101 Custom fontcolor, C-note is colored green, others are colored blue
11103 fontcolor='if(mod(floor(midi(f)+0.5),12), 0x0000FF, g(1))'
11108 @section showspectrum
11110 Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio frequency
11113 The filter accepts the following options:
11117 Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check
11118 the "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is
11122 Specify how the spectrum should slide along the window.
11124 It accepts the following values:
11127 the samples start again on the left when they reach the right
11129 the samples scroll from right to left
11131 frames are only produced when the samples reach the right
11134 Default value is @code{replace}.
11137 Specify display mode.
11139 It accepts the following values:
11142 all channels are displayed in the same row
11144 all channels are displayed in separate rows
11147 Default value is @samp{combined}.
11150 Specify display color mode.
11152 It accepts the following values:
11155 each channel is displayed in a separate color
11157 each channel is is displayed using the same color scheme
11160 Default value is @samp{channel}.
11163 Specify scale used for calculating intensity color values.
11165 It accepts the following values:
11170 square root, default
11177 Default value is @samp{sqrt}.
11180 Set saturation modifier for displayed colors. Negative values provide
11181 alternative color scheme. @code{0} is no saturation at all.
11182 Saturation must be in [-10.0, 10.0] range.
11183 Default value is @code{1}.
11186 Set window function.
11188 It accepts the following values:
11191 No samples pre-processing (do not expect this to be faster)
11200 Default value is @code{hann}.
11203 The usage is very similar to the showwaves filter; see the examples in that
11206 @subsection Examples
11210 Large window with logarithmic color scaling:
11212 showspectrum=s=1280x480:scale=log
11216 Complete example for a colored and sliding spectrum per channel using @command{ffplay}:
11218 ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=input.mp3, asplit [a][out1];
11219 [a] showspectrum=mode=separate:color=intensity:slide=1:scale=cbrt [out0]'
11225 Convert input audio to a video output, representing the samples waves.
11227 The filter accepts the following options:
11231 Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check
11232 the "Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value
11238 Available values are:
11241 Draw a point for each sample.
11244 Draw a vertical line for each sample.
11247 Draw a point for each sample and a line between them.
11250 Draw a centered vertical line for each sample.
11253 Default value is @code{point}.
11256 Set the number of samples which are printed on the same column. A
11257 larger value will decrease the frame rate. Must be a positive
11258 integer. This option can be set only if the value for @var{rate}
11259 is not explicitly specified.
11262 Set the (approximate) output frame rate. This is done by setting the
11263 option @var{n}. Default value is "25".
11265 @item split_channels
11266 Set if channels should be drawn separately or overlap. Default value is 0.
11270 @subsection Examples
11274 Output the input file audio and the corresponding video representation
11277 amovie=a.mp3,asplit[out0],showwaves[out1]
11281 Create a synthetic signal and show it with showwaves, forcing a
11282 frame rate of 30 frames per second:
11284 aevalsrc=sin(1*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t):cos(2*PI*200*t),asplit[out0],showwaves=r=30[out1]
11288 @section split, asplit
11290 Split input into several identical outputs.
11292 @code{asplit} works with audio input, @code{split} with video.
11294 The filter accepts a single parameter which specifies the number of outputs. If
11295 unspecified, it defaults to 2.
11297 @subsection Examples
11301 Create two separate outputs from the same input:
11303 [in] split [out0][out1]
11307 To create 3 or more outputs, you need to specify the number of
11310 [in] asplit=3 [out0][out1][out2]
11314 Create two separate outputs from the same input, one cropped and
11317 [in] split [splitout1][splitout2];
11318 [splitout1] crop=100:100:0:0 [cropout];
11319 [splitout2] pad=200:200:100:100 [padout];
11323 Create 5 copies of the input audio with @command{ffmpeg}:
11325 ffmpeg -i INPUT -filter_complex asplit=5 OUTPUT
11331 Receive commands sent through a libzmq client, and forward them to
11332 filters in the filtergraph.
11334 @code{zmq} and @code{azmq} work as a pass-through filters. @code{zmq}
11335 must be inserted between two video filters, @code{azmq} between two
11338 To enable these filters you need to install the libzmq library and
11339 headers and configure FFmpeg with @code{--enable-libzmq}.
11341 For more information about libzmq see:
11342 @url{http://www.zeromq.org/}
11344 The @code{zmq} and @code{azmq} filters work as a libzmq server, which
11345 receives messages sent through a network interface defined by the
11346 @option{bind_address} option.
11348 The received message must be in the form:
11350 @var{TARGET} @var{COMMAND} [@var{ARG}]
11353 @var{TARGET} specifies the target of the command, usually the name of
11354 the filter class or a specific filter instance name.
11356 @var{COMMAND} specifies the name of the command for the target filter.
11358 @var{ARG} is optional and specifies the optional argument list for the
11359 given @var{COMMAND}.
11361 Upon reception, the message is processed and the corresponding command
11362 is injected into the filtergraph. Depending on the result, the filter
11363 will send a reply to the client, adopting the format:
11365 @var{ERROR_CODE} @var{ERROR_REASON}
11369 @var{MESSAGE} is optional.
11371 @subsection Examples
11373 Look at @file{tools/zmqsend} for an example of a zmq client which can
11374 be used to send commands processed by these filters.
11376 Consider the following filtergraph generated by @command{ffplay}
11378 ffplay -dumpgraph 1 -f lavfi "
11379 color=s=100x100:c=red [l];
11380 color=s=100x100:c=blue [r];
11381 nullsrc=s=200x100, zmq [bg];
11382 [bg][l] overlay [bg+l];
11383 [bg+l][r] overlay=x=100 "
11386 To change the color of the left side of the video, the following
11387 command can be used:
11389 echo Parsed_color_0 c yellow | tools/zmqsend
11392 To change the right side:
11394 echo Parsed_color_1 c pink | tools/zmqsend
11397 @c man end MULTIMEDIA FILTERS
11399 @chapter Multimedia Sources
11400 @c man begin MULTIMEDIA SOURCES
11402 Below is a description of the currently available multimedia sources.
11406 This is the same as @ref{movie} source, except it selects an audio
11412 Read audio and/or video stream(s) from a movie container.
11414 It accepts the following parameters:
11418 The name of the resource to read (not necessarily a file; it can also be a
11419 device or a stream accessed through some protocol).
11421 @item format_name, f
11422 Specifies the format assumed for the movie to read, and can be either
11423 the name of a container or an input device. If not specified, the
11424 format is guessed from @var{movie_name} or by probing.
11426 @item seek_point, sp
11427 Specifies the seek point in seconds. The frames will be output
11428 starting from this seek point. The parameter is evaluated with
11429 @code{av_strtod}, so the numerical value may be suffixed by an IS
11430 postfix. The default value is "0".
11433 Specifies the streams to read. Several streams can be specified,
11434 separated by "+". The source will then have as many outputs, in the
11435 same order. The syntax is explained in the ``Stream specifiers''
11436 section in the ffmpeg manual. Two special names, "dv" and "da" specify
11437 respectively the default (best suited) video and audio stream. Default
11438 is "dv", or "da" if the filter is called as "amovie".
11440 @item stream_index, si
11441 Specifies the index of the video stream to read. If the value is -1,
11442 the most suitable video stream will be automatically selected. The default
11443 value is "-1". Deprecated. If the filter is called "amovie", it will select
11444 audio instead of video.
11447 Specifies how many times to read the stream in sequence.
11448 If the value is less than 1, the stream will be read again and again.
11449 Default value is "1".
11451 Note that when the movie is looped the source timestamps are not
11452 changed, so it will generate non monotonically increasing timestamps.
11455 It allows overlaying a second video on top of the main input of
11456 a filtergraph, as shown in this graph:
11458 input -----------> deltapts0 --> overlay --> output
11461 movie --> scale--> deltapts1 -------+
11463 @subsection Examples
11467 Skip 3.2 seconds from the start of the AVI file in.avi, and overlay it
11468 on top of the input labelled "in":
11470 movie=in.avi:seek_point=3.2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [over];
11471 [in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
11472 [main][over] overlay=16:16 [out]
11476 Read from a video4linux2 device, and overlay it on top of the input
11479 movie=/dev/video0:f=video4linux2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [over];
11480 [in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
11481 [main][over] overlay=16:16 [out]
11485 Read the first video stream and the audio stream with id 0x81 from
11486 dvd.vob; the video is connected to the pad named "video" and the audio is
11487 connected to the pad named "audio":
11489 movie=dvd.vob:s=v:0+#0x81 [video] [audio]
11493 @c man end MULTIMEDIA SOURCES