2 * ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) decoder
3 * Copyright (c) 2005 David Hammerton
5 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
7 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
24 * ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) decoder
25 * @author 2005 David Hammerton
27 * For more information on the ALAC format, visit:
28 * http://crazney.net/programs/itunes/alac.html
30 * Note: This decoder expects a 36- (0x24-)byte QuickTime atom to be
31 * passed through the extradata[_size] fields. This atom is tacked onto
32 * the end of an 'alac' stsd atom and has the following format:
33 * bytes 0-3 atom size (0x24), big-endian
34 * bytes 4-7 atom type ('alac', not the 'alac' tag from start of stsd)
35 * bytes 8-35 data bytes needed by decoder
41 * 32bit max sample per frame
45 * 8bit initial history
49 * 32bit max coded frame size
56 #include "bitstream.h"
57 #include "bytestream.h"
60 #define ALAC_EXTRADATA_SIZE 36
61 #define MAX_CHANNELS 2
65 AVCodecContext *avctx;
67 /* init to 0; first frame decode should initialize from extradata and
69 int context_initialized;
76 int32_t *predicterror_buffer[MAX_CHANNELS];
78 int32_t *outputsamples_buffer[MAX_CHANNELS];
80 /* stuff from setinfo */
81 uint32_t setinfo_max_samples_per_frame; /* 0x1000 = 4096 */ /* max samples per frame? */
82 uint8_t setinfo_7a; /* 0x00 */
83 uint8_t setinfo_sample_size; /* 0x10 */
84 uint8_t setinfo_rice_historymult; /* 0x28 */
85 uint8_t setinfo_rice_initialhistory; /* 0x0a */
86 uint8_t setinfo_rice_kmodifier; /* 0x0e */
87 uint8_t setinfo_7f; /* 0x02 */
88 uint16_t setinfo_80; /* 0x00ff */
89 uint32_t setinfo_82; /* 0x000020e7 */ /* max sample size?? */
90 uint32_t setinfo_86; /* 0x00069fe4 */ /* bit rate (average)?? */
91 uint32_t setinfo_8a_rate; /* 0x0000ac44 */
92 /* end setinfo stuff */
96 static void allocate_buffers(ALACContext *alac)
99 for (chan = 0; chan < MAX_CHANNELS; chan++) {
100 alac->predicterror_buffer[chan] =
101 av_malloc(alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame * 4);
103 alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan] =
104 av_malloc(alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame * 4);
108 static int alac_set_info(ALACContext *alac)
110 const unsigned char *ptr = alac->avctx->extradata;
116 if(AV_RB32(ptr) >= UINT_MAX/4){
117 av_log(alac->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "setinfo_max_samples_per_frame too large\n");
121 /* buffer size / 2 ? */
122 alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
123 alac->setinfo_7a = *ptr++;
124 alac->setinfo_sample_size = *ptr++;
125 alac->setinfo_rice_historymult = *ptr++;
126 alac->setinfo_rice_initialhistory = *ptr++;
127 alac->setinfo_rice_kmodifier = *ptr++;
129 alac->setinfo_7f = *ptr++;
130 alac->setinfo_80 = bytestream_get_be16(&ptr);
131 /* max coded frame size */
132 alac->setinfo_82 = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
134 alac->setinfo_86 = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
136 alac->setinfo_8a_rate = bytestream_get_be32(&ptr);
138 allocate_buffers(alac);
143 static inline int count_leading_zeros(int32_t input)
145 return 31-av_log2(input);
148 static void bastardized_rice_decompress(ALACContext *alac,
149 int32_t *output_buffer,
151 int readsamplesize, /* arg_10 */
152 int rice_initialhistory, /* arg424->b */
153 int rice_kmodifier, /* arg424->d */
154 int rice_historymult, /* arg424->c */
155 int rice_kmodifier_mask /* arg424->e */
159 unsigned int history = rice_initialhistory;
160 int sign_modifier = 0;
162 for (output_count = 0; output_count < output_size; output_count++) {
167 /* read x - number of 1s before 0 represent the rice */
168 x = get_unary_0_9(&alac->gb);
170 if (x > 8) { /* RICE THRESHOLD */
171 /* use alternative encoding */
174 value = get_bits(&alac->gb, readsamplesize);
176 /* mask value to readsamplesize size */
177 if (readsamplesize != 32)
178 value &= (0xffffffff >> (32 - readsamplesize));
182 /* standard rice encoding */
184 int k; /* size of extra bits */
186 /* read k, that is bits as is */
187 k = 31 - rice_kmodifier - count_leading_zeros((history >> 9) + 3);
195 extrabits = show_bits(&alac->gb, k);
197 /* multiply x by 2^k - 1, as part of their strange algorithm */
202 skip_bits(&alac->gb, k);
204 skip_bits(&alac->gb, k - 1);
208 x_modified = sign_modifier + x;
209 final_val = (x_modified + 1) / 2;
210 if (x_modified & 1) final_val *= -1;
212 output_buffer[output_count] = final_val;
216 /* now update the history */
217 history += x_modified * rice_historymult
218 - ((history * rice_historymult) >> 9);
220 if (x_modified > 0xffff)
223 /* special case: there may be compressed blocks of 0 */
224 if ((history < 128) && (output_count+1 < output_size)) {
229 x = get_unary_0_9(&alac->gb);
232 block_size = get_bits(&alac->gb, 16);
233 block_size &= 0xffff;
238 k = count_leading_zeros(history) + ((history + 16) >> 6 /* / 64 */) - 24;
240 extrabits = show_bits(&alac->gb, k);
242 block_size = (((1 << k) - 1) & rice_kmodifier_mask) * x
248 skip_bits(&alac->gb, k - 1);
250 skip_bits(&alac->gb, k);
254 if (block_size > 0) {
255 memset(&output_buffer[output_count+1], 0, block_size * 4);
256 output_count += block_size;
259 if (block_size > 0xffff)
267 static inline int32_t extend_sign32(int32_t val, int bits)
269 return (val << (32 - bits)) >> (32 - bits);
272 static inline int sign_only(int v)
274 return v ? FFSIGN(v) : 0;
277 static void predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(int32_t *error_buffer,
281 int16_t *predictor_coef_table,
282 int predictor_coef_num,
283 int predictor_quantitization)
287 /* first sample always copies */
288 *buffer_out = *error_buffer;
290 if (!predictor_coef_num) {
291 if (output_size <= 1)
294 memcpy(buffer_out+1, error_buffer+1, (output_size-1) * 4);
298 if (predictor_coef_num == 0x1f) { /* 11111 - max value of predictor_coef_num */
299 /* second-best case scenario for fir decompression,
300 * error describes a small difference from the previous sample only
302 if (output_size <= 1)
304 for (i = 0; i < output_size - 1; i++) {
308 prev_value = buffer_out[i];
309 error_value = error_buffer[i+1];
311 extend_sign32((prev_value + error_value), readsamplesize);
316 /* read warm-up samples */
317 if (predictor_coef_num > 0)
318 for (i = 0; i < predictor_coef_num; i++) {
321 val = buffer_out[i] + error_buffer[i+1];
322 val = extend_sign32(val, readsamplesize);
323 buffer_out[i+1] = val;
327 /* 4 and 8 are very common cases (the only ones i've seen). these
328 * should be unrolled and optimized
330 if (predictor_coef_num == 4) {
331 /* FIXME: optimized general case */
335 if (predictor_coef_table == 8) {
336 /* FIXME: optimized general case */
342 if (predictor_coef_num > 0) {
343 for (i = predictor_coef_num + 1; i < output_size; i++) {
347 int error_val = error_buffer[i];
349 for (j = 0; j < predictor_coef_num; j++) {
350 sum += (buffer_out[predictor_coef_num-j] - buffer_out[0]) *
351 predictor_coef_table[j];
354 outval = (1 << (predictor_quantitization-1)) + sum;
355 outval = outval >> predictor_quantitization;
356 outval = outval + buffer_out[0] + error_val;
357 outval = extend_sign32(outval, readsamplesize);
359 buffer_out[predictor_coef_num+1] = outval;
362 int predictor_num = predictor_coef_num - 1;
364 while (predictor_num >= 0 && error_val > 0) {
365 int val = buffer_out[0] - buffer_out[predictor_coef_num - predictor_num];
366 int sign = sign_only(val);
368 predictor_coef_table[predictor_num] -= sign;
370 val *= sign; /* absolute value */
372 error_val -= ((val >> predictor_quantitization) *
373 (predictor_coef_num - predictor_num));
377 } else if (error_val < 0) {
378 int predictor_num = predictor_coef_num - 1;
380 while (predictor_num >= 0 && error_val < 0) {
381 int val = buffer_out[0] - buffer_out[predictor_coef_num - predictor_num];
382 int sign = - sign_only(val);
384 predictor_coef_table[predictor_num] -= sign;
386 val *= sign; /* neg value */
388 error_val -= ((val >> predictor_quantitization) *
389 (predictor_coef_num - predictor_num));
400 static void reconstruct_stereo_16(int32_t *buffer[MAX_CHANNELS],
402 int numchannels, int numsamples,
403 uint8_t interlacing_shift,
404 uint8_t interlacing_leftweight)
410 /* weighted interlacing */
411 if (interlacing_leftweight) {
412 for (i = 0; i < numsamples; i++) {
418 a -= (b * interlacing_leftweight) >> interlacing_shift;
421 buffer_out[i*numchannels] = b;
422 buffer_out[i*numchannels + 1] = a;
428 /* otherwise basic interlacing took place */
429 for (i = 0; i < numsamples; i++) {
433 right = buffer[1][i];
435 buffer_out[i*numchannels] = left;
436 buffer_out[i*numchannels + 1] = right;
440 static int alac_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
441 void *outbuffer, int *outputsize,
442 const uint8_t *inbuffer, int input_buffer_size)
444 ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;
447 int32_t outputsamples;
452 uint8_t interlacing_shift;
453 uint8_t interlacing_leftweight;
455 /* short-circuit null buffers */
456 if (!inbuffer || !input_buffer_size)
457 return input_buffer_size;
459 /* initialize from the extradata */
460 if (!alac->context_initialized) {
461 if (alac->avctx->extradata_size != ALAC_EXTRADATA_SIZE) {
462 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "alac: expected %d extradata bytes\n",
463 ALAC_EXTRADATA_SIZE);
464 return input_buffer_size;
466 if (alac_set_info(alac)) {
467 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "alac: set_info failed\n");
468 return input_buffer_size;
470 alac->context_initialized = 1;
473 init_get_bits(&alac->gb, inbuffer, input_buffer_size * 8);
475 channels = get_bits(&alac->gb, 3) + 1;
476 if (channels > MAX_CHANNELS) {
477 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "channels > %d not supported\n",
479 return input_buffer_size;
482 /* 2^result = something to do with output waiting.
483 * perhaps matters if we read > 1 frame in a pass?
485 skip_bits(&alac->gb, 4);
487 skip_bits(&alac->gb, 12); /* unknown, skip 12 bits */
489 /* the output sample size is stored soon */
490 hassize = get_bits1(&alac->gb);
492 wasted_bytes = get_bits(&alac->gb, 2); /* unknown ? */
494 /* whether the frame is compressed */
495 isnotcompressed = get_bits1(&alac->gb);
498 /* now read the number of samples as a 32bit integer */
499 outputsamples = get_bits(&alac->gb, 32);
501 outputsamples = alac->setinfo_max_samples_per_frame;
503 *outputsize = outputsamples * alac->bytespersample;
504 readsamplesize = alac->setinfo_sample_size - (wasted_bytes * 8) + channels - 1;
506 if (!isnotcompressed) {
507 /* so it is compressed */
508 int16_t predictor_coef_table[channels][32];
509 int predictor_coef_num[channels];
510 int prediction_type[channels];
511 int prediction_quantitization[channels];
512 int ricemodifier[channels];
515 interlacing_shift = get_bits(&alac->gb, 8);
516 interlacing_leftweight = get_bits(&alac->gb, 8);
518 for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++) {
519 prediction_type[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 4);
520 prediction_quantitization[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 4);
522 ricemodifier[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 3);
523 predictor_coef_num[chan] = get_bits(&alac->gb, 5);
525 /* read the predictor table */
526 for (i = 0; i < predictor_coef_num[chan]; i++)
527 predictor_coef_table[chan][i] = (int16_t)get_bits(&alac->gb, 16);
531 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "FIXME: unimplemented, unhandling of wasted_bytes\n");
533 for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++) {
534 bastardized_rice_decompress(alac,
535 alac->predicterror_buffer[chan],
538 alac->setinfo_rice_initialhistory,
539 alac->setinfo_rice_kmodifier,
540 ricemodifier[chan] * alac->setinfo_rice_historymult / 4,
541 (1 << alac->setinfo_rice_kmodifier) - 1);
543 if (prediction_type[chan] == 0) {
545 predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(alac->predicterror_buffer[chan],
546 alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan],
549 predictor_coef_table[chan],
550 predictor_coef_num[chan],
551 prediction_quantitization[chan]);
553 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "FIXME: unhandled prediction type: %i\n", prediction_type[chan]);
554 /* I think the only other prediction type (or perhaps this is
555 * just a boolean?) runs adaptive fir twice.. like:
556 * predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(predictor_error, tempout, ...)
557 * predictor_decompress_fir_adapt(predictor_error, outputsamples ...)
563 /* not compressed, easy case */
564 if (alac->setinfo_sample_size <= 16) {
566 for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++)
567 for (i = 0; i < outputsamples; i++) {
570 audiobits = get_bits(&alac->gb, alac->setinfo_sample_size);
571 audiobits = extend_sign32(audiobits, readsamplesize);
573 alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan][i] = audiobits;
577 for (chan = 0; chan < channels; chan++)
578 for (i = 0; i < outputsamples; i++) {
581 audiobits = get_bits(&alac->gb, 16);
582 /* special case of sign extension..
583 * as we'll be ORing the low 16bits into this */
584 audiobits = audiobits << 16;
585 audiobits = audiobits >> (32 - alac->setinfo_sample_size);
586 audiobits |= get_bits(&alac->gb, alac->setinfo_sample_size - 16);
588 alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan][i] = audiobits;
591 /* wasted_bytes = 0; */
592 interlacing_shift = 0;
593 interlacing_leftweight = 0;
596 switch(alac->setinfo_sample_size) {
599 reconstruct_stereo_16(alac->outputsamples_buffer,
604 interlacing_leftweight);
607 for (i = 0; i < outputsamples; i++) {
608 int16_t sample = alac->outputsamples_buffer[0][i];
609 ((int16_t*)outbuffer)[i * alac->numchannels] = sample;
615 // It is not clear if there exist any encoder that creates 24 bit ALAC
616 // files. iTunes convert 24 bit raw files to 16 bit before encoding.
618 av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "FIXME: unimplemented sample size %i\n", alac->setinfo_sample_size);
624 return input_buffer_size;
627 static av_cold int alac_decode_init(AVCodecContext * avctx)
629 ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;
631 alac->context_initialized = 0;
633 alac->samplesize = alac->avctx->bits_per_sample;
634 alac->numchannels = alac->avctx->channels;
635 alac->bytespersample = (alac->samplesize / 8) * alac->numchannels;
640 static av_cold int alac_decode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
642 ALACContext *alac = avctx->priv_data;
645 for (chan = 0; chan < MAX_CHANNELS; chan++) {
646 av_free(alac->predicterror_buffer[chan]);
647 av_free(alac->outputsamples_buffer[chan]);
653 AVCodec alac_decoder = {