2 * Westwood Studios VQA Video Decoder
3 * Copyright (C) 2003 the ffmpeg project
5 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
7 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
24 * VQA Video Decoder by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
25 * For more information about the VQA format, visit:
26 * http://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php?title=VQA
28 * The VQA video decoder outputs PAL8 or RGB555 colorspace data, depending
29 * on the type of data in the file.
31 * This decoder needs the 42-byte VQHD header from the beginning
32 * of the VQA file passed through the extradata field. The VQHD header
35 * bytes 0-3 chunk fourcc: 'VQHD'
36 * bytes 4-7 chunk size in big-endian format, should be 0x0000002A
37 * bytes 8-49 VQHD chunk data
39 * Bytes 8-49 are what this decoder expects to see.
41 * Briefly, VQA is a vector quantized animation format that operates in a
42 * VGA palettized colorspace. It operates on pixel vectors (blocks)
43 * of either 4x2 or 4x4 in size. Compressed VQA chunks can contain vector
44 * codebooks, palette information, and code maps for rendering vectors onto
45 * frames. Any of these components can also be compressed with a run-length
46 * encoding (RLE) algorithm commonly referred to as "format80".
48 * VQA takes a novel approach to rate control. Each group of n frames
49 * (usually, n = 8) relies on a different vector codebook. Rather than
50 * transporting an entire codebook every 8th frame, the new codebook is
51 * broken up into 8 pieces and sent along with the compressed video chunks
52 * for each of the 8 frames preceding the 8 frames which require the
53 * codebook. A full codebook is also sent on the very first frame of a
54 * file. This is an interesting technique, although it makes random file
55 * seeking difficult despite the fact that the frames are all intracoded.
57 * V1,2 VQA uses 12-bit codebook indices. If the 12-bit indices were
58 * packed into bytes and then RLE compressed, bytewise, the results would
59 * be poor. That is why the coding method divides each index into 2 parts,
60 * the top 4 bits and the bottom 8 bits, then RL encodes the 4-bit pieces
61 * together and the 8-bit pieces together. If most of the vectors are
62 * clustered into one group of 256 vectors, most of the 4-bit index pieces
73 #define PALETTE_COUNT 256
74 #define VQA_HEADER_SIZE 0x2A
75 #define CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
77 /* allocate the maximum vector space, regardless of the file version:
78 * (0xFF00 codebook vectors + 0x100 solid pixel vectors) * (4x4 pixels/block) */
79 #define MAX_CODEBOOK_VECTORS 0xFF00
80 #define SOLID_PIXEL_VECTORS 0x100
81 #define MAX_VECTORS (MAX_CODEBOOK_VECTORS + SOLID_PIXEL_VECTORS)
82 #define MAX_CODEBOOK_SIZE (MAX_VECTORS * 4 * 4)
84 #define CBF0_TAG MKBETAG('C', 'B', 'F', '0')
85 #define CBFZ_TAG MKBETAG('C', 'B', 'F', 'Z')
86 #define CBP0_TAG MKBETAG('C', 'B', 'P', '0')
87 #define CBPZ_TAG MKBETAG('C', 'B', 'P', 'Z')
88 #define CPL0_TAG MKBETAG('C', 'P', 'L', '0')
89 #define CPLZ_TAG MKBETAG('C', 'P', 'L', 'Z')
90 #define VPTZ_TAG MKBETAG('V', 'P', 'T', 'Z')
95 #define vqa_debug printf
97 static inline void vqa_debug(const char *format, ...) { }
100 typedef struct VqaContext {
102 AVCodecContext *avctx;
105 const unsigned char *buf;
108 uint32_t palette[PALETTE_COUNT];
110 int width; /* width of a frame */
111 int height; /* height of a frame */
112 int vector_width; /* width of individual vector */
113 int vector_height; /* height of individual vector */
114 int vqa_version; /* this should be either 1, 2 or 3 */
116 unsigned char *codebook; /* the current codebook */
118 unsigned char *next_codebook_buffer; /* accumulator for next codebook */
119 int next_codebook_buffer_index;
121 unsigned char *decode_buffer;
122 int decode_buffer_size;
124 /* number of frames to go before replacing codebook */
125 int partial_countdown;
130 static av_cold int vqa_decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
132 VqaContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
133 unsigned char *vqa_header;
134 int i, j, codebook_index;
137 avctx->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_PAL8;
139 /* make sure the extradata made it */
140 if (s->avctx->extradata_size != VQA_HEADER_SIZE) {
141 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: expected extradata size of %d\n", VQA_HEADER_SIZE);
145 /* load up the VQA parameters from the header */
146 vqa_header = (unsigned char *)s->avctx->extradata;
147 s->vqa_version = vqa_header[0];
148 s->width = AV_RL16(&vqa_header[6]);
149 s->height = AV_RL16(&vqa_header[8]);
150 if(avcodec_check_dimensions(avctx, s->width, s->height)){
151 s->width= s->height= 0;
154 s->vector_width = vqa_header[10];
155 s->vector_height = vqa_header[11];
156 s->partial_count = s->partial_countdown = vqa_header[13];
158 /* the vector dimensions have to meet very stringent requirements */
159 if ((s->vector_width != 4) ||
160 ((s->vector_height != 2) && (s->vector_height != 4))) {
161 /* return without further initialization */
165 /* allocate codebooks */
166 s->codebook_size = MAX_CODEBOOK_SIZE;
167 s->codebook = av_malloc(s->codebook_size);
168 s->next_codebook_buffer = av_malloc(s->codebook_size);
170 /* initialize the solid-color vectors */
171 if (s->vector_height == 4) {
172 codebook_index = 0xFF00 * 16;
173 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
174 for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
175 s->codebook[codebook_index++] = i;
177 codebook_index = 0xF00 * 8;
178 for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
179 for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
180 s->codebook[codebook_index++] = i;
182 s->next_codebook_buffer_index = 0;
184 /* allocate decode buffer */
185 s->decode_buffer_size = (s->width / s->vector_width) *
186 (s->height / s->vector_height) * 2;
187 s->decode_buffer = av_malloc(s->decode_buffer_size);
189 s->frame.data[0] = NULL;
194 #define CHECK_COUNT() \
195 if (dest_index + count > dest_size) { \
196 av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: decode_format80 problem: next op would overflow dest_index\n"); \
197 av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: current dest_index = %d, count = %d, dest_size = %d\n", \
198 dest_index, count, dest_size); \
202 static void decode_format80(const unsigned char *src, int src_size,
203 unsigned char *dest, int dest_size, int check_size) {
212 while (src_index < src_size) {
214 vqa_debug(" opcode %02X: ", src[src_index]);
216 /* 0x80 means that frame is finished */
217 if (src[src_index] == 0x80)
220 if (dest_index >= dest_size) {
221 av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: decode_format80 problem: dest_index (%d) exceeded dest_size (%d)\n",
222 dest_index, dest_size);
226 if (src[src_index] == 0xFF) {
229 count = AV_RL16(&src[src_index]);
231 src_pos = AV_RL16(&src[src_index]);
233 vqa_debug("(1) copy %X bytes from absolute pos %X\n", count, src_pos);
235 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
236 dest[dest_index + i] = dest[src_pos + i];
239 } else if (src[src_index] == 0xFE) {
242 count = AV_RL16(&src[src_index]);
244 color = src[src_index++];
245 vqa_debug("(2) set %X bytes to %02X\n", count, color);
247 memset(&dest[dest_index], color, count);
250 } else if ((src[src_index] & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
252 count = (src[src_index++] & 0x3F) + 3;
253 src_pos = AV_RL16(&src[src_index]);
255 vqa_debug("(3) copy %X bytes from absolute pos %X\n", count, src_pos);
257 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
258 dest[dest_index + i] = dest[src_pos + i];
261 } else if (src[src_index] > 0x80) {
263 count = src[src_index++] & 0x3F;
264 vqa_debug("(4) copy %X bytes from source to dest\n", count);
266 memcpy(&dest[dest_index], &src[src_index], count);
272 count = ((src[src_index] & 0x70) >> 4) + 3;
273 src_pos = AV_RB16(&src[src_index]) & 0x0FFF;
275 vqa_debug("(5) copy %X bytes from relpos %X\n", count, src_pos);
277 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
278 dest[dest_index + i] = dest[dest_index - src_pos + i];
283 /* validate that the entire destination buffer was filled; this is
284 * important for decoding frame maps since each vector needs to have a
285 * codebook entry; it is not important for compressed codebooks because
286 * not every entry needs to be filled */
288 if (dest_index < dest_size)
289 av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: decode_format80 problem: decode finished with dest_index (%d) < dest_size (%d)\n",
290 dest_index, dest_size);
293 static void vqa_decode_chunk(VqaContext *s)
295 unsigned int chunk_type;
296 unsigned int chunk_size;
298 unsigned int index = 0;
300 unsigned char r, g, b;
314 int vector_index = 0;
318 int hibytes = s->decode_buffer_size / 2;
320 /* first, traverse through the frame and find the subchunks */
321 while (index < s->size) {
323 chunk_type = AV_RB32(&s->buf[index]);
324 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[index + 4]);
326 switch (chunk_type) {
357 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: Found unknown chunk type: %c%c%c%c (%08X)\n",
358 (chunk_type >> 24) & 0xFF,
359 (chunk_type >> 16) & 0xFF,
360 (chunk_type >> 8) & 0xFF,
361 (chunk_type >> 0) & 0xFF,
366 byte_skip = chunk_size & 0x01;
367 index += (CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE + chunk_size + byte_skip);
370 /* next, deal with the palette */
371 if ((cpl0_chunk != -1) && (cplz_chunk != -1)) {
373 /* a chunk should not have both chunk types */
374 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: problem: found both CPL0 and CPLZ chunks\n");
378 /* decompress the palette chunk */
379 if (cplz_chunk != -1) {
381 /* yet to be handled */
385 /* convert the RGB palette into the machine's endian format */
386 if (cpl0_chunk != -1) {
388 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[cpl0_chunk + 4]);
389 /* sanity check the palette size */
390 if (chunk_size / 3 > 256) {
391 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: problem: found a palette chunk with %d colors\n",
395 cpl0_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
396 for (i = 0; i < chunk_size / 3; i++) {
397 /* scale by 4 to transform 6-bit palette -> 8-bit */
398 r = s->buf[cpl0_chunk++] * 4;
399 g = s->buf[cpl0_chunk++] * 4;
400 b = s->buf[cpl0_chunk++] * 4;
401 s->palette[i] = (r << 16) | (g << 8) | (b);
405 /* next, look for a full codebook */
406 if ((cbf0_chunk != -1) && (cbfz_chunk != -1)) {
408 /* a chunk should not have both chunk types */
409 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: problem: found both CBF0 and CBFZ chunks\n");
413 /* decompress the full codebook chunk */
414 if (cbfz_chunk != -1) {
416 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[cbfz_chunk + 4]);
417 cbfz_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
418 decode_format80(&s->buf[cbfz_chunk], chunk_size,
419 s->codebook, s->codebook_size, 0);
422 /* copy a full codebook */
423 if (cbf0_chunk != -1) {
425 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[cbf0_chunk + 4]);
426 /* sanity check the full codebook size */
427 if (chunk_size > MAX_CODEBOOK_SIZE) {
428 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: problem: CBF0 chunk too large (0x%X bytes)\n",
432 cbf0_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
434 memcpy(s->codebook, &s->buf[cbf0_chunk], chunk_size);
437 /* decode the frame */
438 if (vptz_chunk == -1) {
440 /* something is wrong if there is no VPTZ chunk */
441 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: problem: no VPTZ chunk found\n");
445 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[vptz_chunk + 4]);
446 vptz_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
447 decode_format80(&s->buf[vptz_chunk], chunk_size,
448 s->decode_buffer, s->decode_buffer_size, 1);
450 /* render the final PAL8 frame */
451 if (s->vector_height == 4)
455 for (y = 0; y < s->frame.linesize[0] * s->height;
456 y += s->frame.linesize[0] * s->vector_height) {
458 for (x = y; x < y + s->width; x += 4, lobytes++, hibytes++) {
461 /* get the vector index, the method for which varies according to
462 * VQA file version */
463 switch (s->vqa_version) {
466 /* still need sample media for this case (only one game, "Legend of
467 * Kyrandia III : Malcolm's Revenge", is known to use this version) */
468 lobyte = s->decode_buffer[lobytes * 2];
469 hibyte = s->decode_buffer[(lobytes * 2) + 1];
470 vector_index = ((hibyte << 8) | lobyte) >> 3;
471 vector_index <<= index_shift;
472 lines = s->vector_height;
473 /* uniform color fill - a quick hack */
474 if (hibyte == 0xFF) {
476 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 0] = 255 - lobyte;
477 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 1] = 255 - lobyte;
478 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 2] = 255 - lobyte;
479 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 3] = 255 - lobyte;
480 pixel_ptr += s->frame.linesize[0];
487 lobyte = s->decode_buffer[lobytes];
488 hibyte = s->decode_buffer[hibytes];
489 vector_index = (hibyte << 8) | lobyte;
490 vector_index <<= index_shift;
491 lines = s->vector_height;
495 /* not implemented yet */
501 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 0] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
502 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 1] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
503 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 2] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
504 s->frame.data[0][pixel_ptr + 3] = s->codebook[vector_index++];
505 pixel_ptr += s->frame.linesize[0];
510 /* handle partial codebook */
511 if ((cbp0_chunk != -1) && (cbpz_chunk != -1)) {
512 /* a chunk should not have both chunk types */
513 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA video: problem: found both CBP0 and CBPZ chunks\n");
517 if (cbp0_chunk != -1) {
519 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[cbp0_chunk + 4]);
520 cbp0_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
522 /* accumulate partial codebook */
523 memcpy(&s->next_codebook_buffer[s->next_codebook_buffer_index],
524 &s->buf[cbp0_chunk], chunk_size);
525 s->next_codebook_buffer_index += chunk_size;
527 s->partial_countdown--;
528 if (s->partial_countdown == 0) {
530 /* time to replace codebook */
531 memcpy(s->codebook, s->next_codebook_buffer,
532 s->next_codebook_buffer_index);
534 /* reset accounting */
535 s->next_codebook_buffer_index = 0;
536 s->partial_countdown = s->partial_count;
540 if (cbpz_chunk != -1) {
542 chunk_size = AV_RB32(&s->buf[cbpz_chunk + 4]);
543 cbpz_chunk += CHUNK_PREAMBLE_SIZE;
545 /* accumulate partial codebook */
546 memcpy(&s->next_codebook_buffer[s->next_codebook_buffer_index],
547 &s->buf[cbpz_chunk], chunk_size);
548 s->next_codebook_buffer_index += chunk_size;
550 s->partial_countdown--;
551 if (s->partial_countdown == 0) {
553 /* decompress codebook */
554 decode_format80(s->next_codebook_buffer,
555 s->next_codebook_buffer_index,
556 s->codebook, s->codebook_size, 0);
558 /* reset accounting */
559 s->next_codebook_buffer_index = 0;
560 s->partial_countdown = s->partial_count;
565 static int vqa_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
566 void *data, int *data_size,
567 const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
569 VqaContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
574 if (s->frame.data[0])
575 avctx->release_buffer(avctx, &s->frame);
577 if (avctx->get_buffer(avctx, &s->frame)) {
578 av_log(s->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, " VQA Video: get_buffer() failed\n");
584 /* make the palette available on the way out */
585 memcpy(s->frame.data[1], s->palette, PALETTE_COUNT * 4);
586 s->frame.palette_has_changed = 1;
588 *data_size = sizeof(AVFrame);
589 *(AVFrame*)data = s->frame;
591 /* report that the buffer was completely consumed */
595 static av_cold int vqa_decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
597 VqaContext *s = avctx->priv_data;
599 av_free(s->codebook);
600 av_free(s->next_codebook_buffer);
601 av_free(s->decode_buffer);
603 if (s->frame.data[0])
604 avctx->release_buffer(avctx, &s->frame);
609 AVCodec vqa_decoder = {