2 * DV input/output over IEEE 1394 on OHCI chips
3 * Copyright (C)2001 Daniel Maas <dmaas@dcine.com>
4 * receive, proc_fs by Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>
7 * video1394.h - driver for OHCI 1394 boards
8 * Copyright (C)1999,2000 Sebastien Rougeaux <sebastien.rougeaux@anu.edu.au>
9 * Peter Schlaile <udbz@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
11 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
13 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
14 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
15 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
16 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
18 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
19 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
21 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
23 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
24 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
25 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
28 #ifndef AVDEVICE_DV1394_H
29 #define AVDEVICE_DV1394_H
31 #define DV1394_DEFAULT_CHANNEL 63
32 #define DV1394_DEFAULT_CARD 0
33 #define DV1394_RING_FRAMES 20
35 #define DV1394_WIDTH 720
36 #define DV1394_NTSC_HEIGHT 480
37 #define DV1394_PAL_HEIGHT 576
39 /* This is the public user-space interface. Try not to break it. */
41 #define DV1394_API_VERSION 0x20011127
43 /* ********************
49 There are two methods of operating the DV1394 DV output device.
53 The simplest is an interface based on write(): simply write
54 full DV frames of data to the device, and they will be transmitted
55 as quickly as possible. The FD may be set for non-blocking I/O,
56 in which case you can use select() or poll() to wait for output
59 To set the DV output parameters (e.g. whether you want NTSC or PAL
60 video), use the DV1394_INIT ioctl, passing in the parameters you
61 want in a struct dv1394_init.
64 To play a raw .DV file: cat foo.DV > /dev/dv1394
65 (cat will use write() internally)
68 static struct dv1394_init init = {
69 0x63, (broadcast channel)
70 4, (four-frame ringbuffer)
71 DV1394_NTSC, (send NTSC video)
72 0, 0 (default empty packet rate)
75 ioctl(fd, DV1394_INIT, &init);
78 read( <a raw DV file>, buf, DV1394_NTSC_FRAME_SIZE );
79 write( <the dv1394 FD>, buf, DV1394_NTSC_FRAME_SIZE );
84 For more control over buffering, and to avoid unnecessary copies
85 of the DV data, you can use the more sophisticated the mmap() interface.
86 First, call the DV1394_INIT ioctl to specify your parameters,
87 including the number of frames in the ringbuffer. Then, calling mmap()
88 on the dv1394 device will give you direct access to the ringbuffer
89 from which the DV card reads your frame data.
91 The ringbuffer is simply one large, contiguous region of memory
92 containing two or more frames of packed DV data. Each frame of DV data
93 is 120000 bytes (NTSC) or 144000 bytes (PAL).
95 Fill one or more frames in the ringbuffer, then use the DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES
96 ioctl to begin I/O. You can use either the DV1394_WAIT_FRAMES ioctl
97 or select()/poll() to wait until the frames are transmitted. Next, you'll
98 need to call the DV1394_GET_STATUS ioctl to determine which ringbuffer
99 frames are clear (ready to be filled with new DV data). Finally, use
100 DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES again to send the new data to the DV output.
103 Example: here is what a four-frame ringbuffer might look like
104 during DV transmission:
107 frame 0 frame 1 frame 2 frame 3
109 *--------------------------------------*
110 | CLEAR | DV data | DV data | CLEAR |
111 *--------------------------------------*
114 transmission goes in this direction --->>>
117 The DV hardware is currently transmitting the data in frame 1.
118 Once frame 1 is finished, it will automatically transmit frame 2.
119 (if frame 2 finishes before frame 3 is submitted, the device
120 will continue to transmit frame 2, and will increase the dropped_frames
121 counter each time it repeats the transmission).
124 If you called DV1394_GET_STATUS at this instant, you would
125 receive the following values:
129 first_clear_frame = 3
132 At this point, you should write new DV data into frame 3 and optionally
133 frame 0. Then call DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES to inform the device that
134 it may transmit the new frames.
138 An error (buffer underflow/overflow or a break in the DV stream due
139 to a 1394 bus reset) can be detected by checking the dropped_frames
140 field of struct dv1394_status (obtained through the
141 DV1394_GET_STATUS ioctl).
143 The best way to recover from such an error is to re-initialize
144 dv1394, either by using the DV1394_INIT ioctl call, or closing the
145 file descriptor and opening it again. (note that you must unmap all
146 ringbuffer mappings when closing the file descriptor, or else
147 dv1394 will still be considered 'in use').
151 For maximum efficiency and robustness against bus errors, you are
152 advised to model the main loop of your application after the
153 following pseudo-code example:
155 (checks of system call return values omitted for brevity; always
156 check return values in your code!)
158 while( frames left ) {
160 struct pollfd *pfd = ...;
164 pfd->events = POLLOUT | POLLIN; (OUT for transmit, IN for receive)
166 (add other sources of I/O here)
168 poll(pfd, 1, -1); (or select(); add a timeout if you want)
171 struct dv1394_status status;
173 ioctl(dv1394_fd, DV1394_GET_STATUS, &status);
175 if(status.dropped_frames > 0) {
179 for (i = 0; i < status.n_clear_frames; i++) {
186 where copy_DV_frame() reads or writes on the dv1394 file descriptor
187 (read/write mode) or copies data to/from the mmap ringbuffer and
188 then calls ioctl(DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES) to notify dv1394 that new
189 frames are available (mmap mode).
191 reset_dv1394() is called in the event of a buffer
192 underflow/overflow or a halt in the DV stream (e.g. due to a 1394
193 bus reset). To guarantee recovery from the error, this function
194 should close the dv1394 file descriptor (and munmap() all
195 ringbuffer mappings, if you are using them), then re-open the
196 dv1394 device (and re-map the ringbuffer).
201 /* maximum number of frames in the ringbuffer */
202 #define DV1394_MAX_FRAMES 32
204 /* number of *full* isochronous packets per DV frame */
205 #define DV1394_NTSC_PACKETS_PER_FRAME 250
206 #define DV1394_PAL_PACKETS_PER_FRAME 300
208 /* size of one frame's worth of DV data, in bytes */
209 #define DV1394_NTSC_FRAME_SIZE (480 * DV1394_NTSC_PACKETS_PER_FRAME)
210 #define DV1394_PAL_FRAME_SIZE (480 * DV1394_PAL_PACKETS_PER_FRAME)
213 /* ioctl() commands */
216 /* I don't like using 0 as a valid ioctl() */
220 /* get the driver ready to transmit video.
221 pass a struct dv1394_init* as the parameter (see below),
222 or NULL to get default parameters */
226 /* stop transmitting video and free the ringbuffer */
230 /* submit N new frames to be transmitted, where
231 the index of the first new frame is first_clear_buffer,
232 and the index of the last new frame is
233 (first_clear_buffer + N) % n_frames */
234 DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES,
237 /* block until N buffers are clear (pass N as the parameter)
238 Because we re-transmit the last frame on underrun, there
239 will at most be n_frames - 1 clear frames at any time */
242 /* capture new frames that have been received, where
243 the index of the first new frame is first_clear_buffer,
244 and the index of the last new frame is
245 (first_clear_buffer + N) % n_frames */
246 DV1394_RECEIVE_FRAMES,
249 DV1394_START_RECEIVE,
252 /* pass a struct dv1394_status* as the parameter (see below) */
266 /* this is the argument to DV1394_INIT */
268 /* DV1394_API_VERSION */
269 unsigned int api_version;
271 /* isochronous transmission channel to use */
272 unsigned int channel;
274 /* number of frames in the ringbuffer. Must be at least 2
275 and at most DV1394_MAX_FRAMES. */
276 unsigned int n_frames;
278 /* send/receive PAL or NTSC video format */
279 enum pal_or_ntsc format;
281 /* the following are used only for transmission */
283 /* set these to zero unless you want a
284 non-default empty packet rate (see below) */
288 /* set this to zero unless you want a
289 non-default SYT cycle offset (default = 3 cycles) */
290 unsigned int syt_offset;
293 /* NOTE: you may only allocate the DV frame ringbuffer once each time
294 you open the dv1394 device. DV1394_INIT will fail if you call it a
295 second time with different 'n_frames' or 'format' arguments (which
296 would imply a different size for the ringbuffer). If you need a
297 different buffer size, simply close and re-open the device, then
298 initialize it with your new settings. */
300 /* Q: What are cip_n and cip_d? */
303 A: DV video streams do not utilize 100% of the potential bandwidth offered
304 by IEEE 1394 (FireWire). To achieve the correct rate of data transmission,
305 DV devices must periodically insert empty packets into the 1394 data stream.
306 Typically there is one empty packet per 14-16 data-carrying packets.
308 Some DV devices will accept a wide range of empty packet rates, while others
309 require a precise rate. If the dv1394 driver produces empty packets at
310 a rate that your device does not accept, you may see ugly patterns on the
311 DV output, or even no output at all.
313 The default empty packet insertion rate seems to work for many people; if
314 your DV output is stable, you can simply ignore this discussion. However,
315 we have exposed the empty packet rate as a parameter to support devices that
316 do not work with the default rate.
318 The decision to insert an empty packet is made with a numerator/denominator
319 algorithm. Empty packets are produced at an average rate of CIP_N / CIP_D.
320 You can alter the empty packet rate by passing non-zero values for cip_n
321 and cip_d to the INIT ioctl.
327 struct dv1394_status {
328 /* this embedded init struct returns the current dv1394
330 struct dv1394_init init;
332 /* the ringbuffer frame that is currently being
333 displayed. (-1 if the device is not transmitting anything) */
336 /* index of the first buffer (ahead of active_frame) that
337 is ready to be filled with data */
338 unsigned int first_clear_frame;
340 /* how many buffers, including first_clear_buffer, are
341 ready to be filled with data */
342 unsigned int n_clear_frames;
344 /* how many times the DV stream has underflowed, overflowed,
345 or otherwise encountered an error, since the previous call
346 to DV1394_GET_STATUS */
347 unsigned int dropped_frames;
349 /* N.B. The dropped_frames counter is only a lower bound on the actual
350 number of dropped frames, with the special case that if dropped_frames
351 is zero, then it is guaranteed that NO frames have been dropped
352 since the last call to DV1394_GET_STATUS.
357 #endif /* AVDEVICE_DV1394_H */