2 * MPEG-DASH ISO BMFF segmenter
3 * Copyright (c) 2014 Martin Storsjo
5 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
7 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
9 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
10 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
18 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
27 #include "libavutil/avassert.h"
28 #include "libavutil/avutil.h"
29 #include "libavutil/avstring.h"
30 #include "libavutil/intreadwrite.h"
31 #include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
32 #include "libavutil/opt.h"
33 #include "libavutil/rational.h"
34 #include "libavutil/time_internal.h"
38 #include "avio_internal.h"
39 #include "hlsplaylist.h"
42 #include "os_support.h"
46 typedef struct Segment {
49 int range_length, index_length;
55 typedef struct AdaptationSet {
57 enum AVMediaType media_type;
58 AVDictionary *metadata;
59 AVRational min_frame_rate, max_frame_rate;
60 int ambiguous_frame_rate;
63 typedef struct OutputStream {
65 int ctx_inited, as_idx;
70 int64_t init_start_pos, pos;
71 int init_range_length;
72 int nb_segments, segments_size, segment_index;
74 int64_t first_pts, start_pts, max_pts;
77 char bandwidth_str[64];
82 typedef struct DASHContext {
83 const AVClass *class; /* Class for private options. */
84 char *adaptation_sets;
88 int extra_window_size;
94 OutputStream *streams;
96 int64_t last_duration;
97 int64_t total_duration;
98 char availability_start_time[100];
100 const char *single_file_name;
101 const char *init_seg_name;
102 const char *media_seg_name;
103 const char *utc_timing_url;
104 const char *user_agent;
106 int master_playlist_created;
109 static struct codec_string {
113 { AV_CODEC_ID_VP8, "vp8" },
114 { AV_CODEC_ID_VP9, "vp9" },
115 { AV_CODEC_ID_VORBIS, "vorbis" },
116 { AV_CODEC_ID_OPUS, "opus" },
120 static void set_codec_str(AVFormatContext *s, AVCodecParameters *par,
123 const AVCodecTag *tags[2] = { NULL, NULL };
127 // common Webm codecs are not part of RFC 6381
128 for (i = 0; codecs[i].id; i++)
129 if (codecs[i].id == par->codec_id) {
130 av_strlcpy(str, codecs[i].str, size);
134 // for codecs part of RFC 6381
135 if (par->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
136 tags[0] = ff_codec_movvideo_tags;
137 else if (par->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
138 tags[0] = ff_codec_movaudio_tags;
142 tag = av_codec_get_tag(tags, par->codec_id);
150 if (!strcmp(str, "mp4a") || !strcmp(str, "mp4v")) {
152 tags[0] = ff_mp4_obj_type;
153 oti = av_codec_get_tag(tags, par->codec_id);
155 av_strlcatf(str, size, ".%02"PRIx32, oti);
159 if (tag == MKTAG('m', 'p', '4', 'a')) {
160 if (par->extradata_size >= 2) {
161 int aot = par->extradata[0] >> 3;
163 aot = ((AV_RB16(par->extradata) >> 5) & 0x3f) + 32;
164 av_strlcatf(str, size, ".%d", aot);
166 } else if (tag == MKTAG('m', 'p', '4', 'v')) {
167 // Unimplemented, should output ProfileLevelIndication as a decimal number
168 av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Incomplete RFC 6381 codec string for mp4v\n");
170 } else if (!strcmp(str, "avc1")) {
171 uint8_t *tmpbuf = NULL;
172 uint8_t *extradata = par->extradata;
173 int extradata_size = par->extradata_size;
176 if (extradata[0] != 1) {
178 if (avio_open_dyn_buf(&pb) < 0)
180 if (ff_isom_write_avcc(pb, extradata, extradata_size) < 0) {
181 ffio_free_dyn_buf(&pb);
184 extradata_size = avio_close_dyn_buf(pb, &extradata);
188 if (extradata_size >= 4)
189 av_strlcatf(str, size, ".%02x%02x%02x",
190 extradata[1], extradata[2], extradata[3]);
195 static int flush_dynbuf(OutputStream *os, int *range_length)
200 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
204 av_write_frame(os->ctx, NULL);
205 avio_flush(os->ctx->pb);
208 *range_length = avio_close_dyn_buf(os->ctx->pb, &buffer);
210 avio_write(os->out, buffer, *range_length);
214 return avio_open_dyn_buf(&os->ctx->pb);
217 static void set_http_options(AVDictionary **options, DASHContext *c)
220 av_dict_set(options, "user_agent", c->user_agent, 0);
223 static void get_hls_playlist_name(char *playlist_name, int string_size,
224 const char *base_url, int id) {
226 snprintf(playlist_name, string_size, "%smedia_%d.m3u8", base_url, id);
228 snprintf(playlist_name, string_size, "media_%d.m3u8", id);
231 static int flush_init_segment(AVFormatContext *s, OutputStream *os)
233 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
234 int ret, range_length;
236 ret = flush_dynbuf(os, &range_length);
240 os->pos = os->init_range_length = range_length;
242 ff_format_io_close(s, &os->out);
246 static void dash_free(AVFormatContext *s)
248 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
252 for (i = 0; i < c->nb_as; i++)
253 av_dict_free(&c->as[i].metadata);
260 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
261 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
262 if (os->ctx && os->ctx_inited)
263 av_write_trailer(os->ctx);
264 if (os->ctx && os->ctx->pb)
265 ffio_free_dyn_buf(&os->ctx->pb);
266 ff_format_io_close(s, &os->out);
268 avformat_free_context(os->ctx);
269 for (j = 0; j < os->nb_segments; j++)
270 av_free(os->segments[j]);
271 av_free(os->segments);
273 av_freep(&c->streams);
276 static void output_segment_list(OutputStream *os, AVIOContext *out, DASHContext *c,
277 int representation_id, int final)
279 int i, start_index = 0, start_number = 1;
280 if (c->window_size) {
281 start_index = FFMAX(os->nb_segments - c->window_size, 0);
282 start_number = FFMAX(os->segment_index - c->window_size, 1);
285 if (c->use_template) {
286 int timescale = c->use_timeline ? os->ctx->streams[0]->time_base.den : AV_TIME_BASE;
287 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t<SegmentTemplate timescale=\"%d\" ", timescale);
288 if (!c->use_timeline)
289 avio_printf(out, "duration=\"%"PRId64"\" ", c->last_duration);
290 avio_printf(out, "initialization=\"%s\" media=\"%s\" startNumber=\"%d\">\n", c->init_seg_name, c->media_seg_name, c->use_timeline ? start_number : 1);
291 if (c->use_timeline) {
292 int64_t cur_time = 0;
293 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t<SegmentTimeline>\n");
294 for (i = start_index; i < os->nb_segments; ) {
295 Segment *seg = os->segments[i];
297 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t\t<S ");
298 if (i == start_index || seg->time != cur_time) {
299 cur_time = seg->time;
300 avio_printf(out, "t=\"%"PRId64"\" ", seg->time);
302 avio_printf(out, "d=\"%d\" ", seg->duration);
303 while (i + repeat + 1 < os->nb_segments &&
304 os->segments[i + repeat + 1]->duration == seg->duration &&
305 os->segments[i + repeat + 1]->time == os->segments[i + repeat]->time + os->segments[i + repeat]->duration)
308 avio_printf(out, "r=\"%d\" ", repeat);
309 avio_printf(out, "/>\n");
311 cur_time += (1 + repeat) * seg->duration;
313 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t</SegmentTimeline>\n");
315 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t</SegmentTemplate>\n");
316 } else if (c->single_file) {
317 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t<BaseURL>%s</BaseURL>\n", os->initfile);
318 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t<SegmentList timescale=\"%d\" duration=\"%"PRId64"\" startNumber=\"%d\">\n", AV_TIME_BASE, c->last_duration, start_number);
319 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t<Initialization range=\"%"PRId64"-%"PRId64"\" />\n", os->init_start_pos, os->init_start_pos + os->init_range_length - 1);
320 for (i = start_index; i < os->nb_segments; i++) {
321 Segment *seg = os->segments[i];
322 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t<SegmentURL mediaRange=\"%"PRId64"-%"PRId64"\" ", seg->start_pos, seg->start_pos + seg->range_length - 1);
323 if (seg->index_length)
324 avio_printf(out, "indexRange=\"%"PRId64"-%"PRId64"\" ", seg->start_pos, seg->start_pos + seg->index_length - 1);
325 avio_printf(out, "/>\n");
327 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t</SegmentList>\n");
329 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t<SegmentList timescale=\"%d\" duration=\"%"PRId64"\" startNumber=\"%d\">\n", AV_TIME_BASE, c->last_duration, start_number);
330 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t<Initialization sourceURL=\"%s\" />\n", os->initfile);
331 for (i = start_index; i < os->nb_segments; i++) {
332 Segment *seg = os->segments[i];
333 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t\t<SegmentURL media=\"%s\" />\n", seg->file);
335 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t</SegmentList>\n");
337 if (c->hls_playlist && start_index < os->nb_segments)
339 int timescale = os->ctx->streams[0]->time_base.den;
340 char temp_filename_hls[1024];
341 char filename_hls[1024];
342 AVIOContext *out_hls = NULL;
343 AVDictionary *http_opts = NULL;
344 int target_duration = 0;
346 const char *proto = avio_find_protocol_name(c->dirname);
347 int use_rename = proto && !strcmp(proto, "file");
349 get_hls_playlist_name(filename_hls, sizeof(filename_hls),
350 c->dirname, representation_id);
352 snprintf(temp_filename_hls, sizeof(temp_filename_hls), use_rename ? "%s.tmp" : "%s", filename_hls);
354 set_http_options(&http_opts, c);
355 avio_open2(&out_hls, temp_filename_hls, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, NULL, &http_opts);
356 av_dict_free(&http_opts);
357 for (i = start_index; i < os->nb_segments; i++) {
358 Segment *seg = os->segments[i];
359 double duration = (double) seg->duration / timescale;
360 if (target_duration <= duration)
361 target_duration = hls_get_int_from_double(duration);
364 ff_hls_write_playlist_header(out_hls, 6, -1, target_duration,
365 start_number, PLAYLIST_TYPE_NONE);
367 ff_hls_write_init_file(out_hls, os->initfile, c->single_file,
368 os->init_range_length, os->init_start_pos);
370 for (i = start_index; i < os->nb_segments; i++) {
371 Segment *seg = os->segments[i];
372 ret = ff_hls_write_file_entry(out_hls, 0, c->single_file,
373 (double) seg->duration / timescale, 0,
374 seg->range_length, seg->start_pos, NULL,
375 c->single_file ? os->initfile : seg->file,
378 av_log(os->ctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "ff_hls_write_file_entry get error\n");
383 ff_hls_write_end_list(out_hls);
387 avpriv_io_move(temp_filename_hls, filename_hls);
392 static char *xmlescape(const char *str) {
393 int outlen = strlen(str)*3/2 + 6;
394 char *out = av_realloc(NULL, outlen + 1);
398 for (; *str; str++) {
399 if (pos + 6 > outlen) {
401 outlen = 2 * outlen + 6;
402 tmp = av_realloc(out, outlen + 1);
410 memcpy(&out[pos], "&", 5);
412 } else if (*str == '<') {
413 memcpy(&out[pos], "<", 4);
415 } else if (*str == '>') {
416 memcpy(&out[pos], ">", 4);
418 } else if (*str == '\'') {
419 memcpy(&out[pos], "'", 6);
421 } else if (*str == '\"') {
422 memcpy(&out[pos], """, 6);
432 static void write_time(AVIOContext *out, int64_t time)
434 int seconds = time / AV_TIME_BASE;
435 int fractions = time % AV_TIME_BASE;
436 int minutes = seconds / 60;
437 int hours = minutes / 60;
440 avio_printf(out, "PT");
442 avio_printf(out, "%dH", hours);
443 if (hours || minutes)
444 avio_printf(out, "%dM", minutes);
445 avio_printf(out, "%d.%dS", seconds, fractions / (AV_TIME_BASE / 10));
448 static void format_date_now(char *buf, int size)
450 time_t t = time(NULL);
451 struct tm *ptm, tmbuf;
452 ptm = gmtime_r(&t, &tmbuf);
454 if (!strftime(buf, size, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ", ptm))
459 static int write_adaptation_set(AVFormatContext *s, AVIOContext *out, int as_index,
462 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
463 AdaptationSet *as = &c->as[as_index];
464 AVDictionaryEntry *lang, *role;
467 avio_printf(out, "\t\t<AdaptationSet id=\"%s\" contentType=\"%s\" segmentAlignment=\"true\" bitstreamSwitching=\"true\"",
468 as->id, as->media_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO ? "video" : "audio");
469 if (as->media_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && as->max_frame_rate.num && !as->ambiguous_frame_rate && av_cmp_q(as->min_frame_rate, as->max_frame_rate) < 0)
470 avio_printf(out, " maxFrameRate=\"%d/%d\"", as->max_frame_rate.num, as->max_frame_rate.den);
471 lang = av_dict_get(as->metadata, "language", NULL, 0);
473 avio_printf(out, " lang=\"%s\"", lang->value);
474 avio_printf(out, ">\n");
476 role = av_dict_get(as->metadata, "role", NULL, 0);
478 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t<Role schemeIdUri=\"urn:mpeg:dash:role:2011\" value=\"%s\"/>\n", role->value);
480 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
481 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
483 if (os->as_idx - 1 != as_index)
486 if (as->media_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
487 AVStream *st = s->streams[i];
488 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t<Representation id=\"%d\" mimeType=\"video/%s\" codecs=\"%s\"%s width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\"",
489 i, os->format_name, os->codec_str, os->bandwidth_str, s->streams[i]->codecpar->width, s->streams[i]->codecpar->height);
490 if (st->avg_frame_rate.num)
491 avio_printf(out, " frameRate=\"%d/%d\"", st->avg_frame_rate.num, st->avg_frame_rate.den);
492 avio_printf(out, ">\n");
494 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t<Representation id=\"%d\" mimeType=\"audio/%s\" codecs=\"%s\"%s audioSamplingRate=\"%d\">\n",
495 i, os->format_name, os->codec_str, os->bandwidth_str, s->streams[i]->codecpar->sample_rate);
496 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t\t<AudioChannelConfiguration schemeIdUri=\"urn:mpeg:dash:23003:3:audio_channel_configuration:2011\" value=\"%d\" />\n",
497 s->streams[i]->codecpar->channels);
499 output_segment_list(os, out, c, i, final);
500 avio_printf(out, "\t\t\t</Representation>\n");
502 avio_printf(out, "\t\t</AdaptationSet>\n");
507 static int add_adaptation_set(AVFormatContext *s, AdaptationSet **as, enum AVMediaType type)
509 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
511 void *mem = av_realloc(c->as, sizeof(*c->as) * (c->nb_as + 1));
513 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
517 *as = &c->as[c->nb_as - 1];
518 memset(*as, 0, sizeof(**as));
519 (*as)->media_type = type;
524 static int adaptation_set_add_stream(AVFormatContext *s, int as_idx, int i)
526 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
527 AdaptationSet *as = &c->as[as_idx - 1];
528 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
530 if (as->media_type != s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type) {
531 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Codec type of stream %d doesn't match AdaptationSet's media type\n", i);
532 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
533 } else if (os->as_idx) {
534 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Stream %d is already assigned to an AdaptationSet\n", i);
535 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
542 static int parse_adaptation_sets(AVFormatContext *s)
544 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
545 const char *p = c->adaptation_sets;
546 enum { new_set, parse_id, parsing_streams } state;
550 // default: one AdaptationSet for each stream
552 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
553 if ((ret = add_adaptation_set(s, &as, s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type)) < 0)
555 snprintf(as->id, sizeof(as->id), "%d", i);
557 c->streams[i].as_idx = c->nb_as;
562 // syntax id=0,streams=0,1,2 id=1,streams=3,4 and so on
568 } else if (state == new_set && av_strstart(p, "id=", &p)) {
570 if ((ret = add_adaptation_set(s, &as, AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN)) < 0)
574 snprintf(as->id, sizeof(as->id), "%.*s", n, p);
580 } else if (state == parse_id && av_strstart(p, "streams=", &p)) {
581 state = parsing_streams;
582 } else if (state == parsing_streams) {
583 AdaptationSet *as = &c->as[c->nb_as - 1];
584 char idx_str[8], *end_str;
586 n = strcspn(p, " ,");
587 snprintf(idx_str, sizeof(idx_str), "%.*s", n, p);
590 // if value is "a" or "v", map all streams of that type
591 if (as->media_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN && (idx_str[0] == 'v' || idx_str[0] == 'a')) {
592 enum AVMediaType type = (idx_str[0] == 'v') ? AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO : AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;
593 av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Map all streams of type %s\n", idx_str);
595 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
596 if (s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type != type)
599 as->media_type = s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type;
601 if ((ret = adaptation_set_add_stream(s, c->nb_as, i)) < 0)
604 } else { // select single stream
605 i = strtol(idx_str, &end_str, 10);
606 if (idx_str == end_str || i < 0 || i >= s->nb_streams) {
607 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Selected stream \"%s\" not found!\n", idx_str);
608 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
610 av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Map stream %d\n", i);
612 if (as->media_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
613 as->media_type = s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type;
616 if ((ret = adaptation_set_add_stream(s, c->nb_as, i)) < 0)
625 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
630 // check for unassigned streams
631 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
632 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
634 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Stream %d is not mapped to an AdaptationSet\n", i);
635 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
641 static int write_manifest(AVFormatContext *s, int final)
643 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
645 char temp_filename[1024];
647 const char *proto = avio_find_protocol_name(s->filename);
648 int use_rename = proto && !strcmp(proto, "file");
649 static unsigned int warned_non_file = 0;
650 AVDictionaryEntry *title = av_dict_get(s->metadata, "title", NULL, 0);
651 AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
653 if (!use_rename && !warned_non_file++)
654 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot use rename on non file protocol, this may lead to races and temporary partial files\n");
656 snprintf(temp_filename, sizeof(temp_filename), use_rename ? "%s.tmp" : "%s", s->filename);
657 set_http_options(&opts, c);
658 ret = s->io_open(s, &out, temp_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &opts);
660 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to open %s for writing\n", temp_filename);
664 avio_printf(out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n");
665 avio_printf(out, "<MPD xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"\n"
666 "\txmlns=\"urn:mpeg:dash:schema:mpd:2011\"\n"
667 "\txmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"\n"
668 "\txsi:schemaLocation=\"urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011 http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/MPEG-DASH_schema_files/DASH-MPD.xsd\"\n"
669 "\tprofiles=\"urn:mpeg:dash:profile:isoff-live:2011\"\n"
670 "\ttype=\"%s\"\n", final ? "static" : "dynamic");
672 avio_printf(out, "\tmediaPresentationDuration=\"");
673 write_time(out, c->total_duration);
674 avio_printf(out, "\"\n");
676 int64_t update_period = c->last_duration / AV_TIME_BASE;
678 if (c->use_template && !c->use_timeline)
680 avio_printf(out, "\tminimumUpdatePeriod=\"PT%"PRId64"S\"\n", update_period);
681 avio_printf(out, "\tsuggestedPresentationDelay=\"PT%"PRId64"S\"\n", c->last_duration / AV_TIME_BASE);
682 if (!c->availability_start_time[0] && s->nb_streams > 0 && c->streams[0].nb_segments > 0) {
683 format_date_now(c->availability_start_time, sizeof(c->availability_start_time));
685 if (c->availability_start_time[0])
686 avio_printf(out, "\tavailabilityStartTime=\"%s\"\n", c->availability_start_time);
687 format_date_now(now_str, sizeof(now_str));
689 avio_printf(out, "\tpublishTime=\"%s\"\n", now_str);
690 if (c->window_size && c->use_template) {
691 avio_printf(out, "\ttimeShiftBufferDepth=\"");
692 write_time(out, c->last_duration * c->window_size);
693 avio_printf(out, "\"\n");
696 avio_printf(out, "\tminBufferTime=\"");
697 write_time(out, c->last_duration * 2);
698 avio_printf(out, "\">\n");
699 avio_printf(out, "\t<ProgramInformation>\n");
701 char *escaped = xmlescape(title->value);
702 avio_printf(out, "\t\t<Title>%s</Title>\n", escaped);
705 avio_printf(out, "\t</ProgramInformation>\n");
707 if (c->window_size && s->nb_streams > 0 && c->streams[0].nb_segments > 0 && !c->use_template) {
708 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[0];
709 int start_index = FFMAX(os->nb_segments - c->window_size, 0);
710 int64_t start_time = av_rescale_q(os->segments[start_index]->time, s->streams[0]->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
711 avio_printf(out, "\t<Period id=\"0\" start=\"");
712 write_time(out, start_time);
713 avio_printf(out, "\">\n");
715 avio_printf(out, "\t<Period id=\"0\" start=\"PT0.0S\">\n");
718 for (i = 0; i < c->nb_as; i++) {
719 if ((ret = write_adaptation_set(s, out, i, final)) < 0)
722 avio_printf(out, "\t</Period>\n");
724 if (c->utc_timing_url)
725 avio_printf(out, "\t<UTCTiming schemeIdUri=\"urn:mpeg:dash:utc:http-xsdate:2014\" value=\"%s\"/>\n", c->utc_timing_url);
727 avio_printf(out, "</MPD>\n");
729 ff_format_io_close(s, &out);
732 if ((ret = avpriv_io_move(temp_filename, s->filename)) < 0)
736 if (c->hls_playlist && !c->master_playlist_created) {
737 char filename_hls[1024];
740 snprintf(filename_hls, sizeof(filename_hls), "%s/master.m3u8", c->dirname);
742 snprintf(filename_hls, sizeof(filename_hls), "master.m3u8");
744 snprintf(temp_filename, sizeof(temp_filename), use_rename ? "%s.tmp" : "%s", filename_hls);
746 set_http_options(&opts, c);
747 ret = avio_open2(&out, temp_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, NULL, &opts);
749 av_log(s, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unable to open %s for writing\n", temp_filename);
754 ff_hls_write_playlist_version(out, 6);
756 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
757 char playlist_file[64];
758 AVStream *st = s->streams[i];
759 get_hls_playlist_name(playlist_file, sizeof(playlist_file), NULL, i);
760 ff_hls_write_stream_info(st, out, st->codecpar->bit_rate, playlist_file);
764 if ((ret = avpriv_io_move(temp_filename, filename_hls)) < 0)
766 c->master_playlist_created = 1;
772 static int dict_copy_entry(AVDictionary **dst, const AVDictionary *src, const char *key)
774 AVDictionaryEntry *entry = av_dict_get(src, key, NULL, 0);
776 av_dict_set(dst, key, entry->value, AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
780 static int dash_init(AVFormatContext *s)
782 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
787 if (c->single_file_name)
792 av_strlcpy(c->dirname, s->filename, sizeof(c->dirname));
793 ptr = strrchr(c->dirname, '/');
795 av_strlcpy(basename, &ptr[1], sizeof(basename));
798 c->dirname[0] = '\0';
799 av_strlcpy(basename, s->filename, sizeof(basename));
802 ptr = strrchr(basename, '.');
806 c->streams = av_mallocz(sizeof(*c->streams) * s->nb_streams);
808 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
810 if ((ret = parse_adaptation_sets(s)) < 0)
813 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
814 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
815 AdaptationSet *as = &c->as[os->as_idx - 1];
816 AVFormatContext *ctx;
818 AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
821 os->bit_rate = s->streams[i]->codecpar->bit_rate;
823 snprintf(os->bandwidth_str, sizeof(os->bandwidth_str),
824 " bandwidth=\"%d\"", os->bit_rate);
826 int level = s->strict_std_compliance >= FF_COMPLIANCE_STRICT ?
827 AV_LOG_ERROR : AV_LOG_WARNING;
828 av_log(s, level, "No bit rate set for stream %d\n", i);
829 if (s->strict_std_compliance >= FF_COMPLIANCE_STRICT)
830 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
833 // copy AdaptationSet language and role from stream metadata
834 dict_copy_entry(&as->metadata, s->streams[i]->metadata, "language");
835 dict_copy_entry(&as->metadata, s->streams[i]->metadata, "role");
837 ctx = avformat_alloc_context();
839 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
841 // choose muxer based on codec: webm for VP8/9 and opus, mp4 otherwise
842 // note: os->format_name is also used as part of the mimetype of the
843 // representation, e.g. video/<format_name>
844 if (s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP8 ||
845 s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VP9 ||
846 s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_OPUS ||
847 s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_VORBIS) {
848 snprintf(os->format_name, sizeof(os->format_name), "webm");
850 snprintf(os->format_name, sizeof(os->format_name), "mp4");
852 ctx->oformat = av_guess_format(os->format_name, NULL, NULL);
854 return AVERROR_MUXER_NOT_FOUND;
856 ctx->interrupt_callback = s->interrupt_callback;
857 ctx->opaque = s->opaque;
858 ctx->io_close = s->io_close;
859 ctx->io_open = s->io_open;
861 if (!(st = avformat_new_stream(ctx, NULL)))
862 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
863 avcodec_parameters_copy(st->codecpar, s->streams[i]->codecpar);
864 st->sample_aspect_ratio = s->streams[i]->sample_aspect_ratio;
865 st->time_base = s->streams[i]->time_base;
866 st->avg_frame_rate = s->streams[i]->avg_frame_rate;
867 ctx->avoid_negative_ts = s->avoid_negative_ts;
868 ctx->flags = s->flags;
870 if ((ret = avio_open_dyn_buf(&ctx->pb)) < 0)
873 if (c->single_file) {
874 if (c->single_file_name)
875 ff_dash_fill_tmpl_params(os->initfile, sizeof(os->initfile), c->single_file_name, i, 0, os->bit_rate, 0);
877 snprintf(os->initfile, sizeof(os->initfile), "%s-stream%d.m4s", basename, i);
879 ff_dash_fill_tmpl_params(os->initfile, sizeof(os->initfile), c->init_seg_name, i, 0, os->bit_rate, 0);
881 snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s%s", c->dirname, os->initfile);
882 set_http_options(&opts, c);
883 ret = s->io_open(s, &os->out, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &opts);
887 os->init_start_pos = 0;
889 if (!strcmp(os->format_name, "mp4")) {
890 av_dict_set(&opts, "movflags", "frag_custom+dash+delay_moov", 0);
892 av_dict_set_int(&opts, "cluster_time_limit", c->min_seg_duration / 1000, 0);
893 av_dict_set_int(&opts, "cluster_size_limit", 5 * 1024 * 1024, 0); // set a large cluster size limit
894 av_dict_set_int(&opts, "dash", 1, 0);
895 av_dict_set_int(&opts, "dash_track_number", i + 1, 0);
896 av_dict_set_int(&opts, "live", 1, 0);
898 if ((ret = avformat_init_output(ctx, &opts)) < 0)
904 av_log(s, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Representation %d init segment will be written to: %s\n", i, filename);
906 // Flush init segment
907 // except for mp4, since delay_moov is set and the init segment
908 // is then flushed after the first packets
909 if (strcmp(os->format_name, "mp4")) {
910 flush_init_segment(s, os);
913 s->streams[i]->time_base = st->time_base;
914 // If the muxer wants to shift timestamps, request to have them shifted
915 // already before being handed to this muxer, so we don't have mismatches
916 // between the MPD and the actual segments.
917 s->avoid_negative_ts = ctx->avoid_negative_ts;
918 if (st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
919 AVRational avg_frame_rate = s->streams[i]->avg_frame_rate;
920 if (avg_frame_rate.num > 0) {
921 if (av_cmp_q(avg_frame_rate, as->min_frame_rate) < 0)
922 as->min_frame_rate = avg_frame_rate;
923 if (av_cmp_q(as->max_frame_rate, avg_frame_rate) < 0)
924 as->max_frame_rate = avg_frame_rate;
926 as->ambiguous_frame_rate = 1;
931 set_codec_str(s, st->codecpar, os->codec_str, sizeof(os->codec_str));
932 os->first_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
933 os->max_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
934 os->last_dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
935 os->segment_index = 1;
938 if (!c->has_video && c->min_seg_duration <= 0) {
939 av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "no video stream and no min seg duration set\n");
940 return AVERROR(EINVAL);
945 static int dash_write_header(AVFormatContext *s)
947 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
949 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
950 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
951 if ((ret = avformat_write_header(os->ctx, NULL)) < 0) {
956 ret = write_manifest(s, 0);
958 av_log(s, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Manifest written to: %s\n", s->filename);
962 static int add_segment(OutputStream *os, const char *file,
963 int64_t time, int duration,
964 int64_t start_pos, int64_t range_length,
965 int64_t index_length)
969 if (os->nb_segments >= os->segments_size) {
970 os->segments_size = (os->segments_size + 1) * 2;
971 if ((err = av_reallocp(&os->segments, sizeof(*os->segments) *
972 os->segments_size)) < 0) {
973 os->segments_size = 0;
978 seg = av_mallocz(sizeof(*seg));
980 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
981 av_strlcpy(seg->file, file, sizeof(seg->file));
983 seg->duration = duration;
984 if (seg->time < 0) { // If pts<0, it is expected to be cut away with an edit list
985 seg->duration += seg->time;
988 seg->start_pos = start_pos;
989 seg->range_length = range_length;
990 seg->index_length = index_length;
991 os->segments[os->nb_segments++] = seg;
996 static void write_styp(AVIOContext *pb)
999 ffio_wfourcc(pb, "styp");
1000 ffio_wfourcc(pb, "msdh");
1001 avio_wb32(pb, 0); /* minor */
1002 ffio_wfourcc(pb, "msdh");
1003 ffio_wfourcc(pb, "msix");
1006 static void find_index_range(AVFormatContext *s, const char *full_path,
1007 int64_t pos, int *index_length)
1013 ret = s->io_open(s, &pb, full_path, AVIO_FLAG_READ, NULL);
1016 if (avio_seek(pb, pos, SEEK_SET) != pos) {
1017 ff_format_io_close(s, &pb);
1020 ret = avio_read(pb, buf, 8);
1021 ff_format_io_close(s, &pb);
1024 if (AV_RL32(&buf[4]) != MKTAG('s', 'i', 'd', 'x'))
1026 *index_length = AV_RB32(&buf[0]);
1029 static int update_stream_extradata(AVFormatContext *s, OutputStream *os,
1030 AVCodecParameters *par)
1034 if (os->ctx->streams[0]->codecpar->extradata_size || !par->extradata_size)
1037 extradata = av_malloc(par->extradata_size);
1040 return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
1042 memcpy(extradata, par->extradata, par->extradata_size);
1044 os->ctx->streams[0]->codecpar->extradata = extradata;
1045 os->ctx->streams[0]->codecpar->extradata_size = par->extradata_size;
1047 set_codec_str(s, par, os->codec_str, sizeof(os->codec_str));
1052 static int dash_flush(AVFormatContext *s, int final, int stream)
1054 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
1057 const char *proto = avio_find_protocol_name(s->filename);
1058 int use_rename = proto && !strcmp(proto, "file");
1060 int cur_flush_segment_index = 0;
1062 cur_flush_segment_index = c->streams[stream].segment_index;
1064 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
1065 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
1066 AVStream *st = s->streams[i];
1067 char filename[1024] = "", full_path[1024], temp_path[1024];
1068 int range_length, index_length = 0;
1070 if (!os->packets_written)
1073 // Flush the single stream that got a keyframe right now.
1074 // Flush all audio streams as well, in sync with video keyframes,
1075 // but not the other video streams.
1076 if (stream >= 0 && i != stream) {
1077 if (s->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
1079 // Make sure we don't flush audio streams multiple times, when
1080 // all video streams are flushed one at a time.
1081 if (c->has_video && os->segment_index > cur_flush_segment_index)
1085 if (!os->init_range_length) {
1086 flush_init_segment(s, os);
1089 if (!c->single_file) {
1090 AVDictionary *opts = NULL;
1091 ff_dash_fill_tmpl_params(filename, sizeof(filename), c->media_seg_name, i, os->segment_index, os->bit_rate, os->start_pts);
1092 snprintf(full_path, sizeof(full_path), "%s%s", c->dirname, filename);
1093 snprintf(temp_path, sizeof(temp_path), use_rename ? "%s.tmp" : "%s", full_path);
1094 set_http_options(&opts, c);
1095 ret = s->io_open(s, &os->out, temp_path, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &opts);
1098 av_dict_free(&opts);
1099 if (!strcmp(os->format_name, "mp4"))
1100 write_styp(os->ctx->pb);
1102 snprintf(full_path, sizeof(full_path), "%s%s", c->dirname, os->initfile);
1105 ret = flush_dynbuf(os, &range_length);
1108 os->packets_written = 0;
1110 if (c->single_file) {
1111 find_index_range(s, full_path, os->pos, &index_length);
1113 ff_format_io_close(s, &os->out);
1116 ret = avpriv_io_move(temp_path, full_path);
1122 if (!os->bit_rate) {
1123 // calculate average bitrate of first segment
1124 int64_t bitrate = (int64_t) range_length * 8 * AV_TIME_BASE / av_rescale_q(os->max_pts - os->start_pts,
1128 os->bit_rate = bitrate;
1129 snprintf(os->bandwidth_str, sizeof(os->bandwidth_str),
1130 " bandwidth=\"%d\"", os->bit_rate);
1133 add_segment(os, filename, os->start_pts, os->max_pts - os->start_pts, os->pos, range_length, index_length);
1134 av_log(s, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Representation %d media segment %d written to: %s\n", i, os->segment_index, full_path);
1136 os->pos += range_length;
1139 if (c->window_size || (final && c->remove_at_exit)) {
1140 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
1141 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
1143 int remove = os->nb_segments - c->window_size - c->extra_window_size;
1144 if (final && c->remove_at_exit)
1145 remove = os->nb_segments;
1147 for (j = 0; j < remove; j++) {
1148 char filename[1024];
1149 snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s%s", c->dirname, os->segments[j]->file);
1151 av_free(os->segments[j]);
1153 os->nb_segments -= remove;
1154 memmove(os->segments, os->segments + remove, os->nb_segments * sizeof(*os->segments));
1160 ret = write_manifest(s, final);
1164 static int dash_write_packet(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
1166 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
1167 AVStream *st = s->streams[pkt->stream_index];
1168 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[pkt->stream_index];
1171 ret = update_stream_extradata(s, os, st->codecpar);
1175 // Fill in a heuristic guess of the packet duration, if none is available.
1176 // The mp4 muxer will do something similar (for the last packet in a fragment)
1177 // if nothing is set (setting it for the other packets doesn't hurt).
1178 // By setting a nonzero duration here, we can be sure that the mp4 muxer won't
1179 // invoke its heuristic (this doesn't have to be identical to that algorithm),
1180 // so that we know the exact timestamps of fragments.
1181 if (!pkt->duration && os->last_dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
1182 pkt->duration = pkt->dts - os->last_dts;
1183 os->last_dts = pkt->dts;
1185 // If forcing the stream to start at 0, the mp4 muxer will set the start
1186 // timestamps to 0. Do the same here, to avoid mismatches in duration/timestamps.
1187 if (os->first_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
1188 s->avoid_negative_ts == AVFMT_AVOID_NEG_TS_MAKE_ZERO) {
1189 pkt->pts -= pkt->dts;
1193 if (os->first_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
1194 os->first_pts = pkt->pts;
1196 if ((!c->has_video || st->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) &&
1197 pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY && os->packets_written &&
1198 av_compare_ts(pkt->pts - os->start_pts, st->time_base,
1199 c->min_seg_duration, AV_TIME_BASE_Q) >= 0) {
1200 int64_t prev_duration = c->last_duration;
1202 c->last_duration = av_rescale_q(pkt->pts - os->start_pts,
1205 c->total_duration = av_rescale_q(pkt->pts - os->first_pts,
1209 if ((!c->use_timeline || !c->use_template) && prev_duration) {
1210 if (c->last_duration < prev_duration*9/10 ||
1211 c->last_duration > prev_duration*11/10) {
1212 av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING,
1213 "Segment durations differ too much, enable use_timeline "
1214 "and use_template, or keep a stricter keyframe interval\n");
1218 if ((ret = dash_flush(s, 0, pkt->stream_index)) < 0)
1222 if (!os->packets_written) {
1223 // If we wrote a previous segment, adjust the start time of the segment
1224 // to the end of the previous one (which is the same as the mp4 muxer
1225 // does). This avoids gaps in the timeline.
1226 if (os->max_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
1227 os->start_pts = os->max_pts;
1229 os->start_pts = pkt->pts;
1231 if (os->max_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
1232 os->max_pts = pkt->pts + pkt->duration;
1234 os->max_pts = FFMAX(os->max_pts, pkt->pts + pkt->duration);
1235 os->packets_written++;
1236 return ff_write_chained(os->ctx, 0, pkt, s, 0);
1239 static int dash_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s)
1241 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
1243 if (s->nb_streams > 0) {
1244 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[0];
1245 // If no segments have been written so far, try to do a crude
1246 // guess of the segment duration
1247 if (!c->last_duration)
1248 c->last_duration = av_rescale_q(os->max_pts - os->start_pts,
1249 s->streams[0]->time_base,
1251 c->total_duration = av_rescale_q(os->max_pts - os->first_pts,
1252 s->streams[0]->time_base,
1255 dash_flush(s, 1, -1);
1257 if (c->remove_at_exit) {
1258 char filename[1024];
1260 for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
1261 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[i];
1262 snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s%s", c->dirname, os->initfile);
1265 unlink(s->filename);
1271 static int dash_check_bitstream(struct AVFormatContext *s, const AVPacket *avpkt)
1273 DASHContext *c = s->priv_data;
1274 OutputStream *os = &c->streams[avpkt->stream_index];
1275 AVFormatContext *oc = os->ctx;
1276 if (oc->oformat->check_bitstream) {
1278 AVPacket pkt = *avpkt;
1279 pkt.stream_index = 0;
1280 ret = oc->oformat->check_bitstream(oc, &pkt);
1282 AVStream *st = s->streams[avpkt->stream_index];
1283 AVStream *ost = oc->streams[0];
1284 st->internal->bsfcs = ost->internal->bsfcs;
1285 st->internal->nb_bsfcs = ost->internal->nb_bsfcs;
1286 ost->internal->bsfcs = NULL;
1287 ost->internal->nb_bsfcs = 0;
1294 #define OFFSET(x) offsetof(DASHContext, x)
1295 #define E AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM
1296 static const AVOption options[] = {
1297 { "adaptation_sets", "Adaptation sets. Syntax: id=0,streams=0,1,2 id=1,streams=3,4 and so on", OFFSET(adaptation_sets), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM },
1298 { "window_size", "number of segments kept in the manifest", OFFSET(window_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
1299 { "extra_window_size", "number of segments kept outside of the manifest before removing from disk", OFFSET(extra_window_size), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 5 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
1300 { "min_seg_duration", "minimum segment duration (in microseconds)", OFFSET(min_seg_duration), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 5000000 }, 0, INT_MAX, E },
1301 { "remove_at_exit", "remove all segments when finished", OFFSET(remove_at_exit), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, E },
1302 { "use_template", "Use SegmentTemplate instead of SegmentList", OFFSET(use_template), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = 1 }, 0, 1, E },
1303 { "use_timeline", "Use SegmentTimeline in SegmentTemplate", OFFSET(use_timeline), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = 1 }, 0, 1, E },
1304 { "single_file", "Store all segments in one file, accessed using byte ranges", OFFSET(single_file), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, E },
1305 { "single_file_name", "DASH-templated name to be used for baseURL. Implies storing all segments in one file, accessed using byte ranges", OFFSET(single_file_name), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { .str = NULL }, 0, 0, E },
1306 { "init_seg_name", "DASH-templated name to used for the initialization segment", OFFSET(init_seg_name), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = "init-stream$RepresentationID$.m4s"}, 0, 0, E },
1307 { "media_seg_name", "DASH-templated name to used for the media segments", OFFSET(media_seg_name), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = "chunk-stream$RepresentationID$-$Number%05d$.m4s"}, 0, 0, E },
1308 { "utc_timing_url", "URL of the page that will return the UTC timestamp in ISO format", OFFSET(utc_timing_url), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, E },
1309 { "http_user_agent", "override User-Agent field in HTTP header", OFFSET(user_agent), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str = NULL}, 0, 0, E},
1310 { "hls_playlist", "Generate HLS playlist files(master.m3u8, media_%d.m3u8)", OFFSET(hls_playlist), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, E },
1314 static const AVClass dash_class = {
1315 .class_name = "dash muxer",
1316 .item_name = av_default_item_name,
1318 .version = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
1321 AVOutputFormat ff_dash_muxer = {
1323 .long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("DASH Muxer"),
1324 .extensions = "mpd",
1325 .priv_data_size = sizeof(DASHContext),
1326 .audio_codec = AV_CODEC_ID_AAC,
1327 .video_codec = AV_CODEC_ID_H264,
1328 .flags = AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER | AVFMT_NOFILE | AVFMT_TS_NEGATIVE,
1330 .write_header = dash_write_header,
1331 .write_packet = dash_write_packet,
1332 .write_trailer = dash_write_trailer,
1333 .deinit = dash_free,
1334 .check_bitstream = dash_check_bitstream,
1335 .priv_class = &dash_class,