Update bcachefs sources to 1d669389f7 bcachefs: use a radix tree for inum bitmap...

[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / super.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * bcachefs setup/teardown code, and some metadata io - read a superblock and
 * figure out what to do with it.
 *
 * Copyright 2010, 2011 Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>
 * Copyright 2012 Google, Inc.
 */

#include "bcachefs.h"
#include "alloc_background.h"
#include "alloc_foreground.h"
#include "bkey_sort.h"
#include "btree_cache.h"
#include "btree_gc.h"
#include "btree_key_cache.h"
#include "btree_update_interior.h"
#include "btree_io.h"
#include "chardev.h"
#include "checksum.h"
#include "clock.h"
#include "compress.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "disk_groups.h"
#include "ec.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "fs.h"
#include "fs-io.h"
#include "fsck.h"
#include "inode.h"
#include "io.h"
#include "journal.h"
#include "journal_reclaim.h"
#include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
#include "move.h"
#include "migrate.h"
#include "movinggc.h"
#include "quota.h"
#include "rebalance.h"
#include "recovery.h"
#include "replicas.h"
#include "super.h"
#include "super-io.h"
#include "sysfs.h"

#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/genhd.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <crypto/hash.h>

#include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com>");

#define KTYPE(type)                                                     \
struct kobj_type type ## _ktype = {                                     \
        .release        = type ## _release,                             \
        .sysfs_ops      = &type ## _sysfs_ops,                          \
        .default_attrs  = type ## _files                                \
}

static void bch2_fs_release(struct kobject *);
static void bch2_dev_release(struct kobject *);

static void bch2_fs_internal_release(struct kobject *k)
{
}

static void bch2_fs_opts_dir_release(struct kobject *k)
{
}

static void bch2_fs_time_stats_release(struct kobject *k)
{
}

static KTYPE(bch2_fs);
static KTYPE(bch2_fs_internal);
static KTYPE(bch2_fs_opts_dir);
static KTYPE(bch2_fs_time_stats);
static KTYPE(bch2_dev);

static struct kset *bcachefs_kset;
static LIST_HEAD(bch_fs_list);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(bch_fs_list_lock);

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(bch_read_only_wait);

static void bch2_dev_free(struct bch_dev *);
static int bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *, unsigned);
static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_fs *, struct bch_dev *);
static void __bch2_dev_read_only(struct bch_fs *, struct bch_dev *);

struct bch_fs *bch2_bdev_to_fs(struct block_device *bdev)
{
        struct bch_fs *c;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i;

        mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
        rcu_read_lock();

        list_for_each_entry(c, &bch_fs_list, list)
                for_each_member_device_rcu(ca, c, i, NULL)
                        if (ca->disk_sb.bdev == bdev) {
                                closure_get(&c->cl);
                                goto found;
                        }
        c = NULL;
found:
        rcu_read_unlock();
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        return c;
}

static struct bch_fs *__bch2_uuid_to_fs(uuid_le uuid)
{
        struct bch_fs *c;

        lockdep_assert_held(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        list_for_each_entry(c, &bch_fs_list, list)
                if (!memcmp(&c->disk_sb.sb->uuid, &uuid, sizeof(uuid_le)))
                        return c;

        return NULL;
}

struct bch_fs *bch2_uuid_to_fs(uuid_le uuid)
{
        struct bch_fs *c;

        mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
        c = __bch2_uuid_to_fs(uuid);
        if (c)
                closure_get(&c->cl);
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        return c;
}

/* Filesystem RO/RW: */

/*
 * For startup/shutdown of RW stuff, the dependencies are:
 *
 * - foreground writes depend on copygc and rebalance (to free up space)
 *
 * - copygc and rebalance depend on mark and sweep gc (they actually probably
 *   don't because they either reserve ahead of time or don't block if
 *   allocations fail, but allocations can require mark and sweep gc to run
 *   because of generation number wraparound)
 *
 * - all of the above depends on the allocator threads
 *
 * - allocator depends on the journal (when it rewrites prios and gens)
 */

static void __bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i, clean_passes = 0;

        bch2_rebalance_stop(c);
        bch2_copygc_stop(c);
        bch2_gc_thread_stop(c);

        bch2_io_timer_del(&c->io_clock[READ], &c->bucket_clock[READ].rescale);
        bch2_io_timer_del(&c->io_clock[WRITE], &c->bucket_clock[WRITE].rescale);

        /*
         * Flush journal before stopping allocators, because flushing journal
         * blacklist entries involves allocating new btree nodes:
         */
        bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal);

        /*
         * If the allocator threads didn't all start up, the btree updates to
         * write out alloc info aren't going to work:
         */
        if (!test_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_RUNNING, &c->flags))
                goto nowrote_alloc;

        bch_verbose(c, "flushing journal and stopping allocators");

        bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal);
        set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_STOPPING, &c->flags);

        do {
                clean_passes++;

                if (bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal))
                        clean_passes = 0;

                /*
                 * In flight interior btree updates will generate more journal
                 * updates and btree updates (alloc btree):
                 */
                if (bch2_btree_interior_updates_nr_pending(c)) {
                        closure_wait_event(&c->btree_interior_update_wait,
                                           !bch2_btree_interior_updates_nr_pending(c));
                        clean_passes = 0;
                }
                flush_work(&c->btree_interior_update_work);

                if (bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal))
                        clean_passes = 0;
        } while (clean_passes < 2);
        bch_verbose(c, "flushing journal and stopping allocators complete");

        set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_CLEAN, &c->flags);
nowrote_alloc:
        closure_wait_event(&c->btree_interior_update_wait,
                           !bch2_btree_interior_updates_nr_pending(c));
        flush_work(&c->btree_interior_update_work);

        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_stop(ca);

        clear_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_RUNNING, &c->flags);
        clear_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_STOPPING, &c->flags);

        bch2_fs_journal_stop(&c->journal);

        /*
         * the journal kicks off btree writes via reclaim - wait for in flight
         * writes after stopping journal:
         */
        if (test_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags))
                bch2_btree_flush_all_writes(c);
        else
                bch2_btree_verify_flushed(c);

        /*
         * After stopping journal:
         */
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_remove(c, ca);
}

static void bch2_writes_disabled(struct percpu_ref *writes)
{
        struct bch_fs *c = container_of(writes, struct bch_fs, writes);

        set_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags);
        wake_up(&bch_read_only_wait);
}

void bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        if (!test_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags)) {
                cancel_delayed_work_sync(&c->journal.reclaim_work);
                return;
        }

        BUG_ON(test_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags));

        /*
         * Block new foreground-end write operations from starting - any new
         * writes will return -EROFS:
         *
         * (This is really blocking new _allocations_, writes to previously
         * allocated space can still happen until stopping the allocator in
         * bch2_dev_allocator_stop()).
         */
        percpu_ref_kill(&c->writes);

        cancel_work_sync(&c->ec_stripe_delete_work);
        cancel_delayed_work(&c->pd_controllers_update);

        /*
         * If we're not doing an emergency shutdown, we want to wait on
         * outstanding writes to complete so they don't see spurious errors due
         * to shutting down the allocator:
         *
         * If we are doing an emergency shutdown outstanding writes may
         * hang until we shutdown the allocator so we don't want to wait
         * on outstanding writes before shutting everything down - but
         * we do need to wait on them before returning and signalling
         * that going RO is complete:
         */
        wait_event(bch_read_only_wait,
                   test_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags) ||
                   test_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags));

        __bch2_fs_read_only(c);

        wait_event(bch_read_only_wait,
                   test_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags));

        clear_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags);

        if (!bch2_journal_error(&c->journal) &&
            !test_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags) &&
            !test_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags) &&
            test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags) &&
            test_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_CLEAN, &c->flags) &&
            !c->opts.norecovery) {
                bch_verbose(c, "marking filesystem clean");
                bch2_fs_mark_clean(c);
        }

        clear_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags);
}

static void bch2_fs_read_only_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
        struct bch_fs *c =
                container_of(work, struct bch_fs, read_only_work);

        down_write(&c->state_lock);
        bch2_fs_read_only(c);
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
}

static void bch2_fs_read_only_async(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        queue_work(system_long_wq, &c->read_only_work);
}

bool bch2_fs_emergency_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        bool ret = !test_and_set_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags);

        bch2_journal_halt(&c->journal);
        bch2_fs_read_only_async(c);

        wake_up(&bch_read_only_wait);
        return ret;
}

static int bch2_fs_read_write_late(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        int ret;

        ret = bch2_gc_thread_start(c);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(c, "error starting gc thread");
                return ret;
        }

        ret = bch2_copygc_start(c);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(c, "error starting copygc thread");
                return ret;
        }

        ret = bch2_rebalance_start(c);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(c, "error starting rebalance thread");
                return ret;
        }

        schedule_delayed_work(&c->pd_controllers_update, 5 * HZ);

        schedule_work(&c->ec_stripe_delete_work);

        return 0;
}

static int __bch2_fs_read_write(struct bch_fs *c, bool early)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i;
        int ret;

        if (test_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags))
                return 0;

        /*
         * nochanges is used for fsck -n mode - we have to allow going rw
         * during recovery for that to work:
         */
        if (c->opts.norecovery ||
            (c->opts.nochanges &&
             (!early || c->opts.read_only)))
                return -EROFS;

        ret = bch2_fs_mark_dirty(c);
        if (ret)
                goto err;

        /*
         * We need to write out a journal entry before we start doing btree
         * updates, to ensure that on unclean shutdown new journal blacklist
         * entries are created:
         */
        bch2_journal_meta(&c->journal);

        clear_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_CLEAN, &c->flags);

        for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
        bch2_recalc_capacity(c);

        bch2_io_timer_add(&c->io_clock[READ], &c->bucket_clock[READ].rescale);
        bch2_io_timer_add(&c->io_clock[WRITE], &c->bucket_clock[WRITE].rescale);

        for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i) {
                ret = bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca);
                if (ret) {
                        bch_err(c, "error starting allocator threads");
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
                        goto err;
                }
        }

        set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_RUNNING, &c->flags);

        if (!early) {
                ret = bch2_fs_read_write_late(c);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }

        percpu_ref_reinit(&c->writes);
        set_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags);

        queue_delayed_work(c->journal_reclaim_wq,
                           &c->journal.reclaim_work, 0);
        return 0;
err:
        __bch2_fs_read_only(c);
        return ret;
}

int bch2_fs_read_write(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        return __bch2_fs_read_write(c, false);
}

int bch2_fs_read_write_early(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);

        return __bch2_fs_read_write(c, true);
}

/* Filesystem startup/shutdown: */

static void __bch2_fs_free(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        unsigned i;
        int cpu;

        for (i = 0; i < BCH_TIME_STAT_NR; i++)
                bch2_time_stats_exit(&c->times[i]);

        bch2_fs_quota_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_fsio_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_ec_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_encryption_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_io_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_btree_interior_update_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_btree_iter_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_btree_key_cache_exit(&c->btree_key_cache);
        bch2_fs_btree_cache_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_journal_exit(&c->journal);
        bch2_io_clock_exit(&c->io_clock[WRITE]);
        bch2_io_clock_exit(&c->io_clock[READ]);
        bch2_fs_compress_exit(c);
        bch2_journal_keys_free(&c->journal_keys);
        bch2_journal_entries_free(&c->journal_entries);
        percpu_free_rwsem(&c->mark_lock);
        kfree(c->usage_scratch);
        free_percpu(c->usage[1]);
        free_percpu(c->usage[0]);
        kfree(c->usage_base);

        if (c->btree_iters_bufs)
                for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
                        kfree(per_cpu_ptr(c->btree_iters_bufs, cpu)->iter);

        free_percpu(c->btree_iters_bufs);
        free_percpu(c->pcpu);
        mempool_exit(&c->large_bkey_pool);
        mempool_exit(&c->btree_bounce_pool);
        bioset_exit(&c->btree_bio);
        mempool_exit(&c->fill_iter);
        percpu_ref_exit(&c->writes);
        kfree(c->replicas.entries);
        kfree(c->replicas_gc.entries);
        kfree(rcu_dereference_protected(c->disk_groups, 1));
        kfree(c->journal_seq_blacklist_table);
        kfree(c->unused_inode_hints);
        free_heap(&c->copygc_heap);

        if (c->journal_reclaim_wq)
                destroy_workqueue(c->journal_reclaim_wq);
        if (c->copygc_wq)
                destroy_workqueue(c->copygc_wq);
        if (c->wq)
                destroy_workqueue(c->wq);

        free_pages((unsigned long) c->disk_sb.sb,
                   c->disk_sb.page_order);
        kvpfree(c, sizeof(*c));
        module_put(THIS_MODULE);
}

static void bch2_fs_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
        struct bch_fs *c = container_of(kobj, struct bch_fs, kobj);

        __bch2_fs_free(c);
}

void __bch2_fs_stop(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i;

        bch_verbose(c, "shutting down");

        set_bit(BCH_FS_STOPPING, &c->flags);

        cancel_work_sync(&c->journal_seq_blacklist_gc_work);

        down_write(&c->state_lock);
        bch2_fs_read_only(c);
        up_write(&c->state_lock);

        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs &&
                    ca->disk_sb.bdev)
                        sysfs_remove_link(&part_to_dev(ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_part)->kobj,
                                          "bcachefs");

        if (c->kobj.state_in_sysfs)
                kobject_del(&c->kobj);

        bch2_fs_debug_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_chardev_exit(c);

        kobject_put(&c->time_stats);
        kobject_put(&c->opts_dir);
        kobject_put(&c->internal);

        /* btree prefetch might have kicked off reads in the background: */
        bch2_btree_flush_all_reads(c);

        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                cancel_work_sync(&ca->io_error_work);

        cancel_work_sync(&c->btree_write_error_work);
        cancel_delayed_work_sync(&c->pd_controllers_update);
        cancel_work_sync(&c->read_only_work);

        for (i = 0; i < c->sb.nr_devices; i++)
                if (c->devs[i])
                        bch2_free_super(&c->devs[i]->disk_sb);
}

void bch2_fs_free(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        unsigned i;

        mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
        list_del(&c->list);
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        closure_sync(&c->cl);
        closure_debug_destroy(&c->cl);

        for (i = 0; i < c->sb.nr_devices; i++)
                if (c->devs[i])
                        bch2_dev_free(rcu_dereference_protected(c->devs[i], 1));

        bch_verbose(c, "shutdown complete");

        kobject_put(&c->kobj);
}

void bch2_fs_stop(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        __bch2_fs_stop(c);
        bch2_fs_free(c);
}

static const char *bch2_fs_online(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        const char *err = NULL;
        unsigned i;
        int ret;

        lockdep_assert_held(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        if (!list_empty(&c->list))
                return NULL;

        if (__bch2_uuid_to_fs(c->sb.uuid))
                return "filesystem UUID already open";

        ret = bch2_fs_chardev_init(c);
        if (ret)
                return "error creating character device";

        bch2_fs_debug_init(c);

        if (kobject_add(&c->kobj, NULL, "%pU", c->sb.user_uuid.b) ||
            kobject_add(&c->internal, &c->kobj, "internal") ||
            kobject_add(&c->opts_dir, &c->kobj, "options") ||
            kobject_add(&c->time_stats, &c->kobj, "time_stats") ||
            bch2_opts_create_sysfs_files(&c->opts_dir))
                return "error creating sysfs objects";

        down_write(&c->state_lock);

        err = "error creating sysfs objects";
        __for_each_member_device(ca, c, i, NULL)
                if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(c, ca))
                        goto err;

        list_add(&c->list, &bch_fs_list);
        err = NULL;
err:
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return err;
}

static struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_alloc(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_opts opts)
{
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_fs *c;
        unsigned i, iter_size;
        const char *err;

        pr_verbose_init(opts, "");

        c = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bch_fs), GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
        if (!c)
                goto out;

        __module_get(THIS_MODULE);

        closure_init(&c->cl, NULL);

        c->kobj.kset = bcachefs_kset;
        kobject_init(&c->kobj, &bch2_fs_ktype);
        kobject_init(&c->internal, &bch2_fs_internal_ktype);
        kobject_init(&c->opts_dir, &bch2_fs_opts_dir_ktype);
        kobject_init(&c->time_stats, &bch2_fs_time_stats_ktype);

        c->minor                = -1;
        c->disk_sb.fs_sb        = true;

        init_rwsem(&c->state_lock);
        mutex_init(&c->sb_lock);
        mutex_init(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
        mutex_init(&c->btree_root_lock);
        INIT_WORK(&c->read_only_work, bch2_fs_read_only_work);

        init_rwsem(&c->gc_lock);

        for (i = 0; i < BCH_TIME_STAT_NR; i++)
                bch2_time_stats_init(&c->times[i]);

        bch2_fs_copygc_init(c);
        bch2_fs_btree_key_cache_init_early(&c->btree_key_cache);
        bch2_fs_allocator_background_init(c);
        bch2_fs_allocator_foreground_init(c);
        bch2_fs_rebalance_init(c);
        bch2_fs_quota_init(c);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->list);

        mutex_init(&c->usage_scratch_lock);

        mutex_init(&c->bio_bounce_pages_lock);

        bio_list_init(&c->btree_write_error_list);
        spin_lock_init(&c->btree_write_error_lock);
        INIT_WORK(&c->btree_write_error_work, bch2_btree_write_error_work);

        INIT_WORK(&c->journal_seq_blacklist_gc_work,
                  bch2_blacklist_entries_gc);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->journal_entries);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->fsck_errors);
        mutex_init(&c->fsck_error_lock);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->ec_stripe_head_list);
        mutex_init(&c->ec_stripe_head_lock);

        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->ec_stripe_new_list);
        mutex_init(&c->ec_stripe_new_lock);

        spin_lock_init(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);

        seqcount_init(&c->gc_pos_lock);

        seqcount_init(&c->usage_lock);

        sema_init(&c->io_in_flight, 64);

        c->copy_gc_enabled              = 1;
        c->rebalance.enabled            = 1;
        c->promote_whole_extents        = true;

        c->journal.write_time   = &c->times[BCH_TIME_journal_write];
        c->journal.delay_time   = &c->times[BCH_TIME_journal_delay];
        c->journal.blocked_time = &c->times[BCH_TIME_blocked_journal];
        c->journal.flush_seq_time = &c->times[BCH_TIME_journal_flush_seq];

        bch2_fs_btree_cache_init_early(&c->btree_cache);

        if (percpu_init_rwsem(&c->mark_lock))
                goto err;

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);

        if (bch2_sb_to_fs(c, sb)) {
                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
                goto err;
        }

        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        scnprintf(c->name, sizeof(c->name), "%pU", &c->sb.user_uuid);

        c->opts = bch2_opts_default;
        bch2_opts_apply(&c->opts, bch2_opts_from_sb(sb));
        bch2_opts_apply(&c->opts, opts);

        c->block_bits           = ilog2(c->opts.block_size);
        c->btree_foreground_merge_threshold = BTREE_FOREGROUND_MERGE_THRESHOLD(c);

        if (bch2_fs_init_fault("fs_alloc"))
                goto err;

        iter_size = sizeof(struct sort_iter) +
                (btree_blocks(c) + 1) * 2 *
                sizeof(struct sort_iter_set);

        c->inode_shard_bits = ilog2(roundup_pow_of_two(num_possible_cpus()));

        if (!(c->wq = alloc_workqueue("bcachefs",
                                WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE, 1)) ||
            !(c->copygc_wq = alloc_workqueue("bcachefs_copygc",
                                WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE, 1)) ||
            !(c->journal_reclaim_wq = alloc_workqueue("bcachefs_journal_reclaim",
                                WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_HIGHPRI, 1)) ||
            percpu_ref_init(&c->writes, bch2_writes_disabled,
                            PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD, GFP_KERNEL) ||
            mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->fill_iter, 1, iter_size) ||
            bioset_init(&c->btree_bio, 1,
                        max(offsetof(struct btree_read_bio, bio),
                            offsetof(struct btree_write_bio, wbio.bio)),
                        BIOSET_NEED_BVECS) ||
            !(c->pcpu = alloc_percpu(struct bch_fs_pcpu)) ||
            !(c->btree_iters_bufs = alloc_percpu(struct btree_iter_buf)) ||
            mempool_init_kvpmalloc_pool(&c->btree_bounce_pool, 1,
                                        btree_bytes(c)) ||
            mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->large_bkey_pool, 1, 2048) ||
            !(c->unused_inode_hints = kcalloc(1U << c->inode_shard_bits,
                                              sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL)) ||
            bch2_io_clock_init(&c->io_clock[READ]) ||
            bch2_io_clock_init(&c->io_clock[WRITE]) ||
            bch2_fs_journal_init(&c->journal) ||
            bch2_fs_replicas_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_btree_cache_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_btree_key_cache_init(&c->btree_key_cache) ||
            bch2_fs_btree_iter_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_btree_interior_update_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_io_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_encryption_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_compress_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_ec_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_fsio_init(c))
                goto err;

        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        for (i = 0; i < c->sb.nr_devices; i++)
                if (bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb.sb, mi, i) &&
                    bch2_dev_alloc(c, i))
                        goto err;

        mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
        err = bch2_fs_online(c);
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
        if (err) {
                bch_err(c, "bch2_fs_online() error: %s", err);
                goto err;
        }
out:
        pr_verbose_init(opts, "ret %i", c ? 0 : -ENOMEM);
        return c;
err:
        bch2_fs_free(c);
        c = NULL;
        goto out;
}

noinline_for_stack
static void print_mount_opts(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        enum bch_opt_id i;
        char buf[512];
        struct printbuf p = PBUF(buf);
        bool first = true;

        strcpy(buf, "(null)");

        if (c->opts.read_only) {
                pr_buf(&p, "ro");
                first = false;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < bch2_opts_nr; i++) {
                const struct bch_option *opt = &bch2_opt_table[i];
                u64 v = bch2_opt_get_by_id(&c->opts, i);

                if (!(opt->mode & OPT_MOUNT))
                        continue;

                if (v == bch2_opt_get_by_id(&bch2_opts_default, i))
                        continue;

                if (!first)
                        pr_buf(&p, ",");
                first = false;
                bch2_opt_to_text(&p, c, opt, v, OPT_SHOW_MOUNT_STYLE);
        }

        bch_info(c, "mounted with opts: %s", buf);
}

int bch2_fs_start(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        const char *err = "cannot allocate memory";
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        time64_t now = ktime_get_real_seconds();
        unsigned i;
        int ret = -EINVAL;

        down_write(&c->state_lock);

        BUG_ON(test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags));

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);

        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_sb_from_fs(c, ca);

        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
                mi->members[ca->dev_idx].last_mount = cpu_to_le64(now);

        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
        bch2_recalc_capacity(c);

        ret = BCH_SB_INITIALIZED(c->disk_sb.sb)
                ? bch2_fs_recovery(c)
                : bch2_fs_initialize(c);
        if (ret)
                goto err;

        ret = bch2_opts_check_may_set(c);
        if (ret)
                goto err;

        err = "dynamic fault";
        ret = -EINVAL;
        if (bch2_fs_init_fault("fs_start"))
                goto err;

        set_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags);

        /*
         * Allocator threads don't start filling copygc reserve until after we
         * set BCH_FS_STARTED - wake them now:
         */
        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_wake_allocator(ca);

        if (c->opts.read_only || c->opts.nochanges) {
                bch2_fs_read_only(c);
        } else {
                err = "error going read write";
                ret = !test_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags)
                        ? bch2_fs_read_write(c)
                        : bch2_fs_read_write_late(c);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }

        print_mount_opts(c);
        ret = 0;
out:
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return ret;
err:
        switch (ret) {
        case BCH_FSCK_ERRORS_NOT_FIXED:
                bch_err(c, "filesystem contains errors: please report this to the developers");
                pr_cont("mount with -o fix_errors to repair\n");
                err = "fsck error";
                break;
        case BCH_FSCK_REPAIR_UNIMPLEMENTED:
                bch_err(c, "filesystem contains errors: please report this to the developers");
                pr_cont("repair unimplemented: inform the developers so that it can be added\n");
                err = "fsck error";
                break;
        case BCH_FSCK_REPAIR_IMPOSSIBLE:
                bch_err(c, "filesystem contains errors, but repair impossible");
                err = "fsck error";
                break;
        case BCH_FSCK_UNKNOWN_VERSION:
                err = "unknown metadata version";;
                break;
        case -ENOMEM:
                err = "cannot allocate memory";
                break;
        case -EIO:
                err = "IO error";
                break;
        }

        if (ret >= 0)
                ret = -EIO;
        goto out;
}

static const char *bch2_dev_may_add(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_fs *c)
{
        struct bch_sb_field_members *sb_mi;

        sb_mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb);
        if (!sb_mi)
                return "Invalid superblock: member info area missing";

        if (le16_to_cpu(sb->block_size) != c->opts.block_size)
                return "mismatched block size";

        if (le16_to_cpu(sb_mi->members[sb->dev_idx].bucket_size) <
            BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(c->disk_sb.sb))
                return "new cache bucket size is too small";

        return NULL;
}

static const char *bch2_dev_in_fs(struct bch_sb *fs, struct bch_sb *sb)
{
        struct bch_sb *newest =
                le64_to_cpu(fs->seq) > le64_to_cpu(sb->seq) ? fs : sb;
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi = bch2_sb_get_members(newest);

        if (uuid_le_cmp(fs->uuid, sb->uuid))
                return "device not a member of filesystem";

        if (!bch2_dev_exists(newest, mi, sb->dev_idx))
                return "device has been removed";

        if (fs->block_size != sb->block_size)
                return "mismatched block size";

        return NULL;
}

/* Device startup/shutdown: */

static void bch2_dev_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca = container_of(kobj, struct bch_dev, kobj);

        kfree(ca);
}

static void bch2_dev_free(struct bch_dev *ca)
{
        cancel_work_sync(&ca->io_error_work);

        if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs &&
            ca->disk_sb.bdev)
                sysfs_remove_link(&part_to_dev(ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_part)->kobj,
                                  "bcachefs");

        if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs)
                kobject_del(&ca->kobj);

        bch2_free_super(&ca->disk_sb);
        bch2_dev_journal_exit(ca);

        free_percpu(ca->io_done);
        bioset_exit(&ca->replica_set);
        bch2_dev_buckets_free(ca);
        free_page((unsigned long) ca->sb_read_scratch);

        bch2_time_stats_exit(&ca->io_latency[WRITE]);
        bch2_time_stats_exit(&ca->io_latency[READ]);

        percpu_ref_exit(&ca->io_ref);
        percpu_ref_exit(&ca->ref);
        kobject_put(&ca->kobj);
}

static void __bch2_dev_offline(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
{

        lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);

        if (percpu_ref_is_zero(&ca->io_ref))
                return;

        __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);

        reinit_completion(&ca->io_ref_completion);
        percpu_ref_kill(&ca->io_ref);
        wait_for_completion(&ca->io_ref_completion);

        if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs) {
                struct kobject *block =
                        &part_to_dev(ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_part)->kobj;

                sysfs_remove_link(block, "bcachefs");
                sysfs_remove_link(&ca->kobj, "block");
        }

        bch2_free_super(&ca->disk_sb);
        bch2_dev_journal_exit(ca);
}

static void bch2_dev_ref_complete(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca = container_of(ref, struct bch_dev, ref);

        complete(&ca->ref_completion);
}

static void bch2_dev_io_ref_complete(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca = container_of(ref, struct bch_dev, io_ref);

        complete(&ca->io_ref_completion);
}

static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
{
        int ret;

        if (!c->kobj.state_in_sysfs)
                return 0;

        if (!ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs) {
                ret = kobject_add(&ca->kobj, &c->kobj,
                                  "dev-%u", ca->dev_idx);
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        if (ca->disk_sb.bdev) {
                struct kobject *block =
                        &part_to_dev(ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_part)->kobj;

                ret = sysfs_create_link(block, &ca->kobj, "bcachefs");
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
                ret = sysfs_create_link(&ca->kobj, block, "block");
                if (ret)
                        return ret;
        }

        return 0;
}

static struct bch_dev *__bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
                                        struct bch_member *member)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca;

        ca = kzalloc(sizeof(*ca), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ca)
                return NULL;

        kobject_init(&ca->kobj, &bch2_dev_ktype);
        init_completion(&ca->ref_completion);
        init_completion(&ca->io_ref_completion);

        init_rwsem(&ca->bucket_lock);

        INIT_WORK(&ca->io_error_work, bch2_io_error_work);

        bch2_time_stats_init(&ca->io_latency[READ]);
        bch2_time_stats_init(&ca->io_latency[WRITE]);

        ca->mi = bch2_mi_to_cpu(member);
        ca->uuid = member->uuid;

        if (opt_defined(c->opts, discard))
                ca->mi.discard = opt_get(c->opts, discard);

        if (percpu_ref_init(&ca->ref, bch2_dev_ref_complete,
                            0, GFP_KERNEL) ||
            percpu_ref_init(&ca->io_ref, bch2_dev_io_ref_complete,
                            PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD, GFP_KERNEL) ||
            !(ca->sb_read_scratch = (void *) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)) ||
            bch2_dev_buckets_alloc(c, ca) ||
            bioset_init(&ca->replica_set, 4,
                        offsetof(struct bch_write_bio, bio), 0) ||
            !(ca->io_done       = alloc_percpu(*ca->io_done)))
                goto err;

        return ca;
err:
        bch2_dev_free(ca);
        return NULL;
}

static void bch2_dev_attach(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                            unsigned dev_idx)
{
        ca->dev_idx = dev_idx;
        __set_bit(ca->dev_idx, ca->self.d);
        scnprintf(ca->name, sizeof(ca->name), "dev-%u", dev_idx);

        ca->fs = c;
        rcu_assign_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx], ca);

        if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(c, ca))
                pr_warn("error creating sysfs objects");
}

static int bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx)
{
        struct bch_member *member =
                bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb)->members + dev_idx;
        struct bch_dev *ca = NULL;
        int ret = 0;

        pr_verbose_init(c->opts, "");

        if (bch2_fs_init_fault("dev_alloc"))
                goto err;

        ca = __bch2_dev_alloc(c, member);
        if (!ca)
                goto err;

        bch2_dev_attach(c, ca, dev_idx);
out:
        pr_verbose_init(c->opts, "ret %i", ret);
        return ret;
err:
        if (ca)
                bch2_dev_free(ca);
        ret = -ENOMEM;
        goto out;
}

static int __bch2_dev_attach_bdev(struct bch_dev *ca, struct bch_sb_handle *sb)
{
        unsigned ret;

        if (bch2_dev_is_online(ca)) {
                bch_err(ca, "already have device online in slot %u",
                        sb->sb->dev_idx);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        if (get_capacity(sb->bdev->bd_disk) <
            ca->mi.bucket_size * ca->mi.nbuckets) {
                bch_err(ca, "cannot online: device too small");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        BUG_ON(!percpu_ref_is_zero(&ca->io_ref));

        if (get_capacity(sb->bdev->bd_disk) <
            ca->mi.bucket_size * ca->mi.nbuckets) {
                bch_err(ca, "device too small");
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        ret = bch2_dev_journal_init(ca, sb->sb);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        /* Commit: */
        ca->disk_sb = *sb;
        if (sb->mode & FMODE_EXCL)
                ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_holder = ca;
        memset(sb, 0, sizeof(*sb));

        percpu_ref_reinit(&ca->io_ref);

        return 0;
}

static int bch2_dev_attach_bdev(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_sb_handle *sb)
{
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        int ret;

        lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);

        if (le64_to_cpu(sb->sb->seq) >
            le64_to_cpu(c->disk_sb.sb->seq))
                bch2_sb_to_fs(c, sb->sb);

        BUG_ON(sb->sb->dev_idx >= c->sb.nr_devices ||
               !c->devs[sb->sb->dev_idx]);

        ca = bch_dev_locked(c, sb->sb->dev_idx);

        ret = __bch2_dev_attach_bdev(ca, sb);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        if (test_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_READ_DONE, &c->flags) &&
            !percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage[0]->buckets[BCH_DATA_sb])) {
                mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
                bch2_mark_dev_superblock(ca->fs, ca, 0);
                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
        }

        bch2_dev_sysfs_online(c, ca);

        if (c->sb.nr_devices == 1)
                bdevname(ca->disk_sb.bdev, c->name);
        bdevname(ca->disk_sb.bdev, ca->name);

        rebalance_wakeup(c);
        return 0;
}

/* Device management: */

/*
 * Note: this function is also used by the error paths - when a particular
 * device sees an error, we call it to determine whether we can just set the
 * device RO, or - if this function returns false - we'll set the whole
 * filesystem RO:
 *
 * XXX: maybe we should be more explicit about whether we're changing state
 * because we got an error or what have you?
 */
bool bch2_dev_state_allowed(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                            enum bch_member_state new_state, int flags)
{
        struct bch_devs_mask new_online_devs;
        struct replicas_status s;
        struct bch_dev *ca2;
        int i, nr_rw = 0, required;

        lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);

        switch (new_state) {
        case BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW:
                return true;
        case BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RO:
                if (ca->mi.state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW)
                        return true;

                /* do we have enough devices to write to?  */
                for_each_member_device(ca2, c, i)
                        if (ca2 != ca)
                                nr_rw += ca2->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW;

                required = max(!(flags & BCH_FORCE_IF_METADATA_DEGRADED)
                               ? c->opts.metadata_replicas
                               : c->opts.metadata_replicas_required,
                               !(flags & BCH_FORCE_IF_DATA_DEGRADED)
                               ? c->opts.data_replicas
                               : c->opts.data_replicas_required);

                return nr_rw >= required;
        case BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED:
        case BCH_MEMBER_STATE_SPARE:
                if (ca->mi.state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW &&
                    ca->mi.state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RO)
                        return true;

                /* do we have enough devices to read from?  */
                new_online_devs = bch2_online_devs(c);
                __clear_bit(ca->dev_idx, new_online_devs.d);

                s = __bch2_replicas_status(c, new_online_devs);

                return bch2_have_enough_devs(s, flags);
        default:
                BUG();
        }
}

static bool bch2_fs_may_start(struct bch_fs *c)
{
        struct replicas_status s;
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i, flags = c->opts.degraded
                ? BCH_FORCE_IF_DEGRADED
                : 0;

        if (!c->opts.degraded) {
                mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
                mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);

                for (i = 0; i < c->disk_sb.sb->nr_devices; i++) {
                        if (!bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb.sb, mi, i))
                                continue;

                        ca = bch_dev_locked(c, i);

                        if (!bch2_dev_is_online(ca) &&
                            (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW ||
                             ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RO)) {
                                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
                                return false;
                        }
                }
                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
        }

        s = bch2_replicas_status(c);

        return bch2_have_enough_devs(s, flags);
}

static void __bch2_dev_read_only(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
{
        /*
         * Device going read only means the copygc reserve get smaller, so we
         * don't want that happening while copygc is in progress:
         */
        bch2_copygc_stop(c);

        /*
         * The allocator thread itself allocates btree nodes, so stop it first:
         */
        bch2_dev_allocator_stop(ca);
        bch2_dev_allocator_remove(c, ca);
        bch2_dev_journal_stop(&c->journal, ca);

        bch2_copygc_start(c);
}

static const char *__bch2_dev_read_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
{
        lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);

        BUG_ON(ca->mi.state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW);

        bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
        bch2_recalc_capacity(c);

        if (bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca))
                return "error starting allocator thread";

        return NULL;
}

int __bch2_dev_set_state(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                         enum bch_member_state new_state, int flags)
{
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        int ret = 0;

        if (ca->mi.state == new_state)
                return 0;

        if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, new_state, flags))
                return -EINVAL;

        if (new_state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW)
                __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);

        bch_notice(ca, "%s", bch2_dev_state[new_state]);

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        SET_BCH_MEMBER_STATE(&mi->members[ca->dev_idx], new_state);
        bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        if (new_state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW &&
            __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca))
                ret = -ENOMEM;

        rebalance_wakeup(c);

        return ret;
}

int bch2_dev_set_state(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                       enum bch_member_state new_state, int flags)
{
        int ret;

        down_write(&c->state_lock);
        ret = __bch2_dev_set_state(c, ca, new_state, flags);
        up_write(&c->state_lock);

        return ret;
}

/* Device add/removal: */

int bch2_dev_remove_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
{
        struct btree_trans trans;
        size_t i;
        int ret;

        bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);

        for (i = 0; i < ca->mi.nbuckets; i++) {
                ret = bch2_btree_key_cache_flush(&trans,
                                BTREE_ID_ALLOC, POS(ca->dev_idx, i));
                if (ret)
                        break;
        }
        bch2_trans_exit(&trans);

        if (ret)
                return ret;

        return bch2_btree_delete_range(c, BTREE_ID_ALLOC,
                                       POS(ca->dev_idx, 0),
                                       POS(ca->dev_idx + 1, 0),
                                       NULL);
}

int bch2_dev_remove(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, int flags)
{
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        unsigned dev_idx = ca->dev_idx, data;
        int ret = -EINVAL;

        down_write(&c->state_lock);

        /*
         * We consume a reference to ca->ref, regardless of whether we succeed
         * or fail:
         */
        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);

        if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED, flags)) {
                bch_err(ca, "Cannot remove without losing data");
                goto err;
        }

        __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);

        ret = bch2_dev_data_drop(c, ca->dev_idx, flags);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(ca, "Remove failed: error %i dropping data", ret);
                goto err;
        }

        ret = bch2_journal_flush_device_pins(&c->journal, ca->dev_idx);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(ca, "Remove failed: error %i flushing journal", ret);
                goto err;
        }

        ret = bch2_dev_remove_alloc(c, ca);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, error deleting alloc info");
                goto err;
        }

        /*
         * must flush all existing journal entries, they might have
         * (overwritten) keys that point to the device we're removing:
         */
        bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal);
        /*
         * hack to ensure bch2_replicas_gc2() clears out entries to this device
         */
        bch2_journal_meta(&c->journal);
        ret = bch2_journal_error(&c->journal);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, journal error");
                goto err;
        }

        ret = bch2_replicas_gc2(c);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(ca, "Remove failed: error %i from replicas gc", ret);
                goto err;
        }

        data = bch2_dev_has_data(c, ca);
        if (data) {
                char data_has_str[100];

                bch2_flags_to_text(&PBUF(data_has_str),
                                   bch2_data_types, data);
                bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, still has data (%s)", data_has_str);
                ret = -EBUSY;
                goto err;
        }

        __bch2_dev_offline(c, ca);

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        rcu_assign_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx], NULL);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        percpu_ref_kill(&ca->ref);
        wait_for_completion(&ca->ref_completion);

        bch2_dev_free(ca);

        /*
         * Free this device's slot in the bch_member array - all pointers to
         * this device must be gone:
         */
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        memset(&mi->members[dev_idx].uuid, 0, sizeof(mi->members[dev_idx].uuid));

        bch2_write_super(c);

        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
err:
        if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW &&
            !percpu_ref_is_zero(&ca->io_ref))
                __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca);
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return ret;
}

static void dev_usage_clear(struct bch_dev *ca)
{
        struct bucket_array *buckets;

        percpu_memset(ca->usage[0], 0, sizeof(*ca->usage[0]));

        down_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
        buckets = bucket_array(ca);

        memset(buckets->b, 0, sizeof(buckets->b[0]) * buckets->nbuckets);
        up_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
}

/* Add new device to running filesystem: */
int bch2_dev_add(struct bch_fs *c, const char *path)
{
        struct bch_opts opts = bch2_opts_empty();
        struct bch_sb_handle sb;
        const char *err;
        struct bch_dev *ca = NULL;
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_member dev_mi;
        unsigned dev_idx, nr_devices, u64s;
        int ret;

        ret = bch2_read_super(path, &opts, &sb);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        err = bch2_sb_validate(&sb);
        if (err)
                return -EINVAL;

        dev_mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb.sb)->members[sb.sb->dev_idx];

        err = bch2_dev_may_add(sb.sb, c);
        if (err)
                return -EINVAL;

        ca = __bch2_dev_alloc(c, &dev_mi);
        if (!ca) {
                bch2_free_super(&sb);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        ret = __bch2_dev_attach_bdev(ca, &sb);
        if (ret) {
                bch2_dev_free(ca);
                return ret;
        }

        /*
         * We want to allocate journal on the new device before adding the new
         * device to the filesystem because allocating after we attach requires
         * spinning up the allocator thread, and the allocator thread requires
         * doing btree writes, which if the existing devices are RO isn't going
         * to work
         *
         * So we have to mark where the superblocks are, but marking allocated
         * data normally updates the filesystem usage too, so we have to mark,
         * allocate the journal, reset all the marks, then remark after we
         * attach...
         */
        bch2_mark_dev_superblock(ca->fs, ca, 0);

        err = "journal alloc failed";
        ret = bch2_dev_journal_alloc(ca);
        if (ret)
                goto err;

        dev_usage_clear(ca);

        down_write(&c->state_lock);
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);

        err = "insufficient space in new superblock";
        ret = bch2_sb_from_fs(c, ca);
        if (ret)
                goto err_unlock;

        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(ca->disk_sb.sb);

        if (!bch2_sb_resize_members(&ca->disk_sb,
                                le32_to_cpu(mi->field.u64s) +
                                sizeof(dev_mi) / sizeof(u64))) {
                ret = -ENOSPC;
                goto err_unlock;
        }

        if (dynamic_fault("bcachefs:add:no_slot"))
                goto no_slot;

        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        for (dev_idx = 0; dev_idx < BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX; dev_idx++)
                if (!bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb.sb, mi, dev_idx))
                        goto have_slot;
no_slot:
        err = "no slots available in superblock";
        ret = -ENOSPC;
        goto err_unlock;

have_slot:
        nr_devices = max_t(unsigned, dev_idx + 1, c->sb.nr_devices);
        u64s = (sizeof(struct bch_sb_field_members) +
                sizeof(struct bch_member) * nr_devices) / sizeof(u64);

        err = "no space in superblock for member info";
        ret = -ENOSPC;

        mi = bch2_sb_resize_members(&c->disk_sb, u64s);
        if (!mi)
                goto err_unlock;

        /* success: */

        mi->members[dev_idx] = dev_mi;
        mi->members[dev_idx].last_mount = cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds());
        c->disk_sb.sb->nr_devices       = nr_devices;

        ca->disk_sb.sb->dev_idx = dev_idx;
        bch2_dev_attach(c, ca, dev_idx);

        bch2_mark_dev_superblock(c, ca, 0);

        bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        err = "alloc write failed";
        ret = bch2_dev_alloc_write(c, ca, 0);
        if (ret)
                goto err;

        if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
                err = __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca);
                if (err)
                        goto err_late;
        }

        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;

err_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
err:
        if (ca)
                bch2_dev_free(ca);
        bch2_free_super(&sb);
        bch_err(c, "Unable to add device: %s", err);
        return ret;
err_late:
        bch_err(c, "Error going rw after adding device: %s", err);
        return -EINVAL;
}

/* Hot add existing device to running filesystem: */
int bch2_dev_online(struct bch_fs *c, const char *path)
{
        struct bch_opts opts = bch2_opts_empty();
        struct bch_sb_handle sb = { NULL };
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned dev_idx;
        const char *err;
        int ret;

        down_write(&c->state_lock);

        ret = bch2_read_super(path, &opts, &sb);
        if (ret) {
                up_write(&c->state_lock);
                return ret;
        }

        dev_idx = sb.sb->dev_idx;

        err = bch2_dev_in_fs(c->disk_sb.sb, sb.sb);
        if (err)
                goto err;

        if (bch2_dev_attach_bdev(c, &sb)) {
                err = "bch2_dev_attach_bdev() error";
                goto err;
        }

        ca = bch_dev_locked(c, dev_idx);
        if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
                err = __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca);
                if (err)
                        goto err;
        }

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);

        mi->members[ca->dev_idx].last_mount =
                cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds());

        bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
err:
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        bch2_free_super(&sb);
        bch_err(c, "error bringing %s online: %s", path, err);
        return -EINVAL;
}

int bch2_dev_offline(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, int flags)
{
        down_write(&c->state_lock);

        if (!bch2_dev_is_online(ca)) {
                bch_err(ca, "Already offline");
                up_write(&c->state_lock);
                return 0;
        }

        if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED, flags)) {
                bch_err(ca, "Cannot offline required disk");
                up_write(&c->state_lock);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        __bch2_dev_offline(c, ca);

        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
}

int bch2_dev_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
{
        struct bch_member *mi;
        int ret = 0;

        down_write(&c->state_lock);

        if (nbuckets < ca->mi.nbuckets) {
                bch_err(ca, "Cannot shrink yet");
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto err;
        }

        if (bch2_dev_is_online(ca) &&
            get_capacity(ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_disk) <
            ca->mi.bucket_size * nbuckets) {
                bch_err(ca, "New size larger than device");
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto err;
        }

        ret = bch2_dev_buckets_resize(c, ca, nbuckets);
        if (ret) {
                bch_err(ca, "Resize error: %i", ret);
                goto err;
        }

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        mi = &bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb)->members[ca->dev_idx];
        mi->nbuckets = cpu_to_le64(nbuckets);

        bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        bch2_recalc_capacity(c);
err:
        up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return ret;
}

/* return with ref on ca->ref: */
struct bch_dev *bch2_dev_lookup(struct bch_fs *c, const char *path)
{
        struct block_device *bdev = lookup_bdev(path);
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i;

        if (IS_ERR(bdev))
                return ERR_CAST(bdev);

        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                if (ca->disk_sb.bdev == bdev)
                        goto found;

        ca = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
found:
        bdput(bdev);
        return ca;
}

/* Filesystem open: */

struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_open(char * const *devices, unsigned nr_devices,
                            struct bch_opts opts)
{
        struct bch_sb_handle *sb = NULL;
        struct bch_fs *c = NULL;
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        unsigned i, best_sb = 0;
        const char *err;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        pr_verbose_init(opts, "");

        if (!nr_devices) {
                c = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
                goto out2;
        }

        if (!try_module_get(THIS_MODULE)) {
                c = ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
                goto out2;
        }

        sb = kcalloc(nr_devices, sizeof(*sb), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!sb)
                goto err;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++) {
                ret = bch2_read_super(devices[i], &opts, &sb[i]);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;

                err = bch2_sb_validate(&sb[i]);
                if (err)
                        goto err_print;
        }

        for (i = 1; i < nr_devices; i++)
                if (le64_to_cpu(sb[i].sb->seq) >
                    le64_to_cpu(sb[best_sb].sb->seq))
                        best_sb = i;

        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb[best_sb].sb);

        i = 0;
        while (i < nr_devices) {
                if (i != best_sb &&
                    !bch2_dev_exists(sb[best_sb].sb, mi, sb[i].sb->dev_idx)) {
                        char buf[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
                        pr_info("%s has been removed, skipping",
                                bdevname(sb[i].bdev, buf));
                        bch2_free_super(&sb[i]);
                        array_remove_item(sb, nr_devices, i);
                        continue;
                }

                err = bch2_dev_in_fs(sb[best_sb].sb, sb[i].sb);
                if (err)
                        goto err_print;
                i++;
        }

        ret = -ENOMEM;
        c = bch2_fs_alloc(sb[best_sb].sb, opts);
        if (!c)
                goto err;

        err = "bch2_dev_online() error";
        down_write(&c->state_lock);
        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++)
                if (bch2_dev_attach_bdev(c, &sb[i])) {
                        up_write(&c->state_lock);
                        goto err_print;
                }
        up_write(&c->state_lock);

        err = "insufficient devices";
        if (!bch2_fs_may_start(c))
                goto err_print;

        if (!c->opts.nostart) {
                ret = bch2_fs_start(c);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }
out:
        kfree(sb);
        module_put(THIS_MODULE);
out2:
        pr_verbose_init(opts, "ret %i", PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(c));
        return c;
err_print:
        pr_err("bch_fs_open err opening %s: %s",
               devices[0], err);
        ret = -EINVAL;
err:
        if (c)
                bch2_fs_stop(c);
        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++)
                bch2_free_super(&sb[i]);
        c = ERR_PTR(ret);
        goto out;
}

static const char *__bch2_fs_open_incremental(struct bch_sb_handle *sb,
                                              struct bch_opts opts)
{
        const char *err;
        struct bch_fs *c;
        bool allocated_fs = false;
        int ret;

        err = bch2_sb_validate(sb);
        if (err)
                return err;

        mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
        c = __bch2_uuid_to_fs(sb->sb->uuid);
        if (c) {
                closure_get(&c->cl);

                err = bch2_dev_in_fs(c->disk_sb.sb, sb->sb);
                if (err)
                        goto err;
        } else {
                c = bch2_fs_alloc(sb->sb, opts);
                err = "cannot allocate memory";
                if (!c)
                        goto err;

                allocated_fs = true;
        }

        err = "bch2_dev_online() error";

        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        if (bch2_dev_attach_bdev(c, sb)) {
                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
                goto err;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);

        if (!c->opts.nostart && bch2_fs_may_start(c)) {
                err = "error starting filesystem";
                ret = bch2_fs_start(c);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }

        closure_put(&c->cl);
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        return NULL;
err:
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);

        if (allocated_fs)
                bch2_fs_stop(c);
        else if (c)
                closure_put(&c->cl);

        return err;
}

const char *bch2_fs_open_incremental(const char *path)
{
        struct bch_sb_handle sb;
        struct bch_opts opts = bch2_opts_empty();
        const char *err;

        if (bch2_read_super(path, &opts, &sb))
                return "error reading superblock";

        err = __bch2_fs_open_incremental(&sb, opts);
        bch2_free_super(&sb);

        return err;
}

/* Global interfaces/init */

static void bcachefs_exit(void)
{
        bch2_debug_exit();
        bch2_vfs_exit();
        bch2_chardev_exit();
        if (bcachefs_kset)
                kset_unregister(bcachefs_kset);
}

static int __init bcachefs_init(void)
{
        bch2_bkey_pack_test();

        if (!(bcachefs_kset = kset_create_and_add("bcachefs", NULL, fs_kobj)) ||
            bch2_chardev_init() ||
            bch2_vfs_init() ||
            bch2_debug_init())
                goto err;

        return 0;
err:
        bcachefs_exit();
        return -ENOMEM;
}

#define BCH_DEBUG_PARAM(name, description)                      \
        bool bch2_##name;                                       \
        module_param_named(name, bch2_##name, bool, 0644);      \
        MODULE_PARM_DESC(name, description);
BCH_DEBUG_PARAMS()
#undef BCH_DEBUG_PARAM

module_exit(bcachefs_exit);
module_init(bcachefs_init);