1 /*****************************************************************************
2 * xxmc.c : HW MPEG decoder thread
3 *****************************************************************************
4 * Copyright (C) 2000-2001 VideoLAN
7 * Authors: Samuel Hocevar <sam@zoy.org>
8 * Laurent Aimar <fenrir@via.ecp.fr>
10 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
11 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
12 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
13 * (at your option) any later version.
15 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 * GNU General Public License for more details.
20 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
21 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
22 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
23 *****************************************************************************/
25 /*****************************************************************************
27 *****************************************************************************/
32 #include <vlc_common.h>
33 #include <vlc_plugin.h>
35 #include <vlc_codec.h>
36 #include <vlc_codec_synchro.h>
44 #include "attributes.h"
45 #include "mpeg2_internal.h"
48 /* Aspect ratio (ISO/IEC 13818-2 section 6.3.3, table 6-3) */
49 #define AR_SQUARE_PICTURE 1 /* square pixels */
50 #define AR_3_4_PICTURE 2 /* 3:4 picture (TV) */
51 #define AR_16_9_PICTURE 3 /* 16:9 picture (wide screen) */
52 #define AR_221_1_PICTURE 4 /* 2.21:1 picture (movie) */
54 /*****************************************************************************
55 * decoder_sys_t : libmpeg2 decoder descriptor
56 *****************************************************************************/
62 mpeg2dec_t *p_mpeg2dec;
63 const mpeg2_info_t *p_info;
70 mtime_t i_previous_pts;
71 mtime_t i_current_pts;
72 mtime_t i_previous_dts;
73 mtime_t i_current_dts;
75 picture_t * p_picture_to_destroy;
77 bool b_after_sequence_header; /* is it the next frame after
78 * the sequence header ? */
79 bool b_slice_i; /* intra-slice refresh stream */
84 decoder_synchro_t *p_synchro;
86 mtime_t i_last_frame_pts;
89 /*****************************************************************************
91 *****************************************************************************/
93 static int OpenDecoder( vlc_object_t * );
94 static void CloseDecoder( vlc_object_t * );
96 static picture_t *DecodeBlock( decoder_t *, block_t ** );
98 static picture_t *GetNewPicture( decoder_t *, uint8_t ** );
100 /*****************************************************************************
102 *****************************************************************************/
104 set_description( N_("MPEG I/II hw video decoder (using libmpeg2)") );
105 set_capability( "decoder", 140 );
106 set_callbacks( OpenDecoder, CloseDecoder );
107 add_shortcut( "xxmc" );
110 /*****************************************************************************
111 * OpenDecoder: probe the decoder and return score
112 *****************************************************************************/
113 static int OpenDecoder( vlc_object_t *p_this )
116 decoder_t *p_dec = (decoder_t*)p_this;
117 decoder_sys_t *p_sys = NULL;
118 uint32_t i_accel = 0;
124 if( p_dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_FOURCC('m','p','g','v') &&
125 p_dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_FOURCC('m','p','g','1') &&
126 /* Pinnacle hardware-mpeg1 */
127 p_dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_FOURCC('P','I','M','1') &&
128 /* VIA hardware-mpeg2 */
129 p_dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_FOURCC('X','x','M','C') &&
131 p_dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_FOURCC('V','C','R','2') &&
132 p_dec->fmt_in.i_codec != VLC_FOURCC('m','p','g','2') )
137 msg_Dbg(p_dec, "OpenDecoder Entering");
139 /* Allocate the memory needed to store the decoder's structure */
140 p_dec->p_sys = p_sys = (decoder_sys_t *)malloc(sizeof(decoder_sys_t));
144 /* Initialize the thread properties */
145 memset( p_sys, 0, sizeof(decoder_sys_t) );
146 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec = NULL;
147 p_sys->p_synchro = NULL;
148 p_sys->p_info = NULL;
149 p_sys->i_pts = mdate() + DEFAULT_PTS_DELAY;
150 p_sys->i_current_pts = 0;
151 p_sys->i_previous_pts = 0;
152 p_sys->i_current_dts = 0;
153 p_sys->i_previous_dts = 0;
154 p_sys->p_picture_to_destroy = NULL;
155 p_sys->b_garbage_pic = 0;
156 p_sys->b_slice_i = 0;
159 #if defined( __i386__ )
160 if( vlc_CPU() & CPU_CAPABILITY_MMX )
162 i_accel |= MPEG2_ACCEL_X86_MMX;
165 if( vlc_CPU() & CPU_CAPABILITY_3DNOW )
167 i_accel |= MPEG2_ACCEL_X86_3DNOW;
170 if( vlc_CPU() & CPU_CAPABILITY_MMXEXT )
172 i_accel |= MPEG2_ACCEL_X86_MMXEXT;
175 #elif defined( __powerpc__ ) || defined( SYS_DARWIN )
176 if( vlc_CPU() & CPU_CAPABILITY_ALTIVEC )
178 i_accel |= MPEG2_ACCEL_PPC_ALTIVEC;
182 /* If we do not know this CPU, trust libmpeg2's feature detection */
183 i_accel = MPEG2_ACCEL_DETECT;
187 /* Set CPU acceleration features */
188 mpeg2_accel( i_accel );
190 /* Initialize decoder */
191 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec = mpeg2_init();
192 if( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec == NULL)
194 msg_Err( p_dec, "mpeg2_init() failed" );
199 p_sys->p_info = mpeg2_info( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec );
201 p_dec->pf_decode_video = DecodeBlock;
203 f_wd_dec = fopen("/vlc/dec_pid", "w");
204 if (f_wd_dec != NULL)
206 fprintf(f_wd_dec, "%d\n", getpid());
211 msg_Dbg(p_dec, "OpenDecoder Leaving");
215 static void WriteDecodeFile(int value)
219 f_wd_ok = fopen("/vlc/dec_ok", "w");
222 fprintf(f_wd_ok, "%d", value);
228 /*****************************************************************************
229 * RunDecoder: the libmpeg2 decoder
230 *****************************************************************************/
231 static picture_t *DecodeBlock( decoder_t *p_dec, block_t **pp_block )
233 decoder_sys_t *p_sys = p_dec->p_sys;
239 if( !pp_block || !*pp_block )
245 state = mpeg2_parse( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec );
249 if( !p_block->i_buffer )
251 block_Release( p_block );
254 if( (p_block->i_flags&BLOCK_FLAG_DISCONTINUITY) &&
256 p_sys->p_info->sequence &&
257 p_sys->p_info->sequence->width != (unsigned int)-1 )
259 decoder_SynchroReset( p_sys->p_synchro );
260 if( p_sys->p_info->current_fbuf != NULL
261 && p_sys->p_info->current_fbuf->id != NULL )
263 p_sys->b_garbage_pic = 1;
264 p_pic = p_sys->p_info->current_fbuf->id;
269 buf[0] = buf[1] = buf[2] = NULL;
270 if( (p_pic = GetNewPicture( p_dec, buf )) == NULL )
272 mpeg2_set_buf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, buf, p_pic );
274 p_sys->p_picture_to_destroy = p_pic;
276 if ( p_sys->b_slice_i )
278 decoder_SynchroNewPicture( p_sys->p_synchro,
279 I_CODING_TYPE, 2, 0, 0, p_sys->i_current_rate,
280 p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY );
281 decoder_SynchroDecode( p_sys->p_synchro );
282 decoder_SynchroEnd( p_sys->p_synchro, I_CODING_TYPE, 0 );
289 mpeg2_pts( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, (uint32_t)p_block->i_pts );
291 #else /* New interface */
292 if( p_block->i_pts || p_block->i_dts )
294 mpeg2_tag_picture( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec,
295 (uint32_t)p_block->i_pts,
296 (uint32_t)p_block->i_dts );
298 p_sys->i_previous_pts = p_sys->i_current_pts;
299 p_sys->i_current_pts = p_block->i_pts;
300 p_sys->i_previous_dts = p_sys->i_current_dts;
301 p_sys->i_current_dts = p_block->i_dts;
303 p_sys->i_current_rate = p_block->i_rate;
305 mpeg2_buffer( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, p_block->p_buffer,
306 p_block->p_buffer + p_block->i_buffer );
307 p_block->i_buffer = 0;
312 /* Initialize video output */
314 buf[0] = buf[1] = buf[2] = NULL;
316 /* Check whether the input gave a particular aspect ratio */
317 if( p_dec->fmt_in.video.i_aspect )
319 p_sys->i_aspect = p_dec->fmt_in.video.i_aspect;
320 if( p_sys->i_aspect <= AR_221_1_PICTURE )
321 switch( p_sys->i_aspect )
324 p_sys->i_aspect = VOUT_ASPECT_FACTOR * 4 / 3;
326 case AR_16_9_PICTURE:
327 p_sys->i_aspect = VOUT_ASPECT_FACTOR * 16 / 9;
329 case AR_221_1_PICTURE:
330 p_sys->i_aspect = VOUT_ASPECT_FACTOR * 221 / 100;
332 case AR_SQUARE_PICTURE:
333 p_sys->i_aspect = VOUT_ASPECT_FACTOR *
334 p_sys->p_info->sequence->width /
335 p_sys->p_info->sequence->height;
341 /* Use the value provided in the MPEG sequence header */
342 if( p_sys->p_info->sequence->pixel_height > 0 )
345 ((uint64_t)p_sys->p_info->sequence->display_width) *
346 p_sys->p_info->sequence->pixel_width *
348 p_sys->p_info->sequence->display_height /
349 p_sys->p_info->sequence->pixel_height;
353 /* Invalid aspect, assume 4:3.
354 * This shouldn't happen and if it does it is a bug
355 * in libmpeg2 (likely triggered by an invalid stream) */
356 p_sys->i_aspect = VOUT_ASPECT_FACTOR * 4 / 3;
360 msg_Dbg( p_dec, "%dx%d, aspect %d, %u.%03u fps",
361 p_sys->p_info->sequence->width,
362 p_sys->p_info->sequence->height, p_sys->i_aspect,
363 (uint32_t)((uint64_t)1001000000 * 27 /
364 p_sys->p_info->sequence->frame_period / 1001),
365 (uint32_t)((uint64_t)1001000000 * 27 /
366 p_sys->p_info->sequence->frame_period % 1001) );
368 mpeg2_custom_fbuf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, 1 );
370 /* Set the first 2 reference frames */
371 mpeg2_set_buf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, buf, NULL );
373 if( (p_pic = GetNewPicture( p_dec, buf )) == NULL )
375 block_Release( p_block );
378 mpeg2_set_buf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, buf, p_pic );
381 p_dec->pf_picture_link( p_dec, p_pic );
383 if( p_sys->p_synchro )
385 decoder_SynchroRelease( p_sys->p_synchro );
387 p_sys->p_synchro = decoder_SynchroInit( p_dec,
388 (uint32_t)((uint64_t)1001000000 * 27 /
389 p_sys->p_info->sequence->frame_period) );
390 p_sys->b_after_sequence_header = 1;
394 case STATE_PICTURE_2ND:
395 decoder_SynchroNewPicture( p_sys->p_synchro,
396 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE,
397 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->nb_fields,
398 0, 0, p_sys->i_current_rate,
399 p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY );
403 decoder_SynchroTrash( p_sys->p_synchro );
407 decoder_SynchroDecode( p_sys->p_synchro );
415 buf[0] = buf[1] = buf[2] = NULL;
417 if ( p_sys->b_after_sequence_header &&
418 ((p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags &
419 PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE) == PIC_FLAG_CODING_TYPE_P) )
421 /* Intra-slice refresh. Simulate a blank I picture. */
422 msg_Dbg( p_dec, "intra-slice refresh stream" );
423 decoder_SynchroNewPicture( p_sys->p_synchro,
424 I_CODING_TYPE, 2, 0, 0, p_sys->i_current_rate,
425 p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY );
426 decoder_SynchroDecode( p_sys->p_synchro );
427 decoder_SynchroEnd( p_sys->p_synchro, I_CODING_TYPE, 0 );
428 p_sys->b_slice_i = 1;
430 p_sys->b_after_sequence_header = 0;
433 i_pts = p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_FLAG_PTS ?
434 ( ( p_sys->p_info->current_picture->pts ==
435 (uint32_t)p_sys->i_current_pts ) ?
436 p_sys->i_current_pts : p_sys->i_previous_pts ) : 0;
437 #else /* New interface */
438 i_pts = p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_FLAG_TAGS ?
439 ( ( p_sys->p_info->current_picture->tag ==
440 (uint32_t)p_sys->i_current_pts ) ?
441 p_sys->i_current_pts : p_sys->i_previous_pts ) : 0;
443 /* Hack to handle demuxers which only have DTS timestamps */
444 if( !i_pts && !p_block->i_pts && p_block->i_dts > 0 )
446 if( p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY ||
447 (p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags &
448 PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE) == PIC_FLAG_CODING_TYPE_B )
450 i_pts = p_block->i_dts;
453 p_block->i_pts = p_block->i_dts = 0;
456 decoder_SynchroNewPicture( p_sys->p_synchro,
457 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE,
458 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->nb_fields, i_pts,
459 0, p_sys->i_current_rate,
460 p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY );
462 if ( !(p_sys->b_slice_i
463 && ((p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags
464 & PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE) == P_CODING_TYPE))
465 && !decoder_SynchroChoose( p_sys->p_synchro,
466 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags
467 & PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE,
468 /*FindVout(p_dec)->render_time*/ 0 /*FIXME*/,
469 p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY ) )
471 mpeg2_skip( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, 1 );
473 decoder_SynchroTrash( p_sys->p_synchro );
474 mpeg2_set_buf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, buf, NULL );
478 mpeg2_skip( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, 0 );
480 decoder_SynchroDecode( p_sys->p_synchro );
482 if( (p_pic = GetNewPicture( p_dec, buf )) == NULL )
484 block_Release( p_block );
488 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_forward_ref_picture = p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->fbuf[2]->id;
489 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_backward_ref_picture = p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->fbuf[1]->id;
491 if ((p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE) != B_CODING_TYPE)
493 //if (p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_forward_ref_picture &&
494 // p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_forward_ref_picture != picture->backward_reference_frame)
495 // p_pic->forward_reference_frame->free (p_pic->forward_reference_frame);
497 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_forward_ref_picture =
498 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_backward_ref_picture;
499 p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->ptr_backward_ref_picture = (void *)p_pic;
501 mpeg2_set_buf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, buf, p_pic );
509 if( p_sys->p_info->display_fbuf
510 && p_sys->p_info->display_fbuf->id )
512 p_pic = (picture_t *)p_sys->p_info->display_fbuf->id;
514 decoder_SynchroEnd( p_sys->p_synchro,
515 p_sys->p_info->display_picture->flags
516 & PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE,
517 p_sys->b_garbage_pic );
518 p_sys->b_garbage_pic = 0;
520 if ( p_sys->p_picture_to_destroy != p_pic )
522 p_pic->date = decoder_SynchroDate( p_sys->p_synchro );
526 p_sys->p_picture_to_destroy = NULL;
531 if( p_sys->p_info->discard_fbuf &&
532 p_sys->p_info->discard_fbuf->id )
534 p_dec->pf_picture_unlink( p_dec, p_sys->p_info->discard_fbuf->id );
536 /* For still frames */
537 //if( state == STATE_END && p_pic ) p_pic->b_force = true;
542 /* Avoid frames with identical timestamps.
543 * Especially needed for still frames in DVD menus. */
544 if( p_sys->i_last_frame_pts == p_pic->date ) p_pic->date++;
545 p_sys->i_last_frame_pts = p_pic->date;
554 buf[0] = buf[1] = buf[2] = NULL;
556 msg_Warn( p_dec, "invalid picture encountered" );
557 if ( ( p_sys->p_info->current_picture == NULL ) ||
558 ( ( p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags &
559 PIC_MASK_CODING_TYPE) != B_CODING_TYPE ) )
561 if( p_sys->p_synchro ) decoder_SynchroReset( p_sys->p_synchro );
563 mpeg2_skip( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, 1 );
566 if( p_sys->p_info->current_fbuf &&
567 p_sys->p_info->current_fbuf->id )
569 p_sys->b_garbage_pic = 1;
570 p_pic = p_sys->p_info->current_fbuf->id;
572 else if( !p_sys->p_info->sequence )
578 if( (p_pic = GetNewPicture( p_dec, buf )) == NULL )
580 mpeg2_set_buf( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec, buf, p_pic );
582 p_sys->p_picture_to_destroy = p_pic;
584 memset( p_pic->p[0].p_pixels, 0,
585 p_sys->p_info->sequence->width
586 * p_sys->p_info->sequence->height );
587 memset( p_pic->p[1].p_pixels, 0x80,
588 p_sys->p_info->sequence->width
589 * p_sys->p_info->sequence->height / 4 );
590 memset( p_pic->p[2].p_pixels, 0x80,
591 p_sys->p_info->sequence->width
592 * p_sys->p_info->sequence->height / 4 );
594 if( p_sys->b_slice_i )
596 decoder_SynchroNewPicture( p_sys->p_synchro,
597 I_CODING_TYPE, 2, 0, 0, p_sys->i_current_rate,
598 p_sys->p_info->sequence->flags & SEQ_FLAG_LOW_DELAY );
599 decoder_SynchroDecode( p_sys->p_synchro );
600 decoder_SynchroEnd( p_sys->p_synchro, I_CODING_TYPE, 0 );
612 /*****************************************************************************
613 * CloseDecoder: libmpeg2 decoder destruction
614 *****************************************************************************/
615 static void CloseDecoder( vlc_object_t *p_this )
617 decoder_t *p_dec = (decoder_t *)p_this;
618 decoder_sys_t *p_sys = p_dec->p_sys;
621 if( p_sys->p_synchro ) decoder_SynchroRelease( p_sys->p_synchro );
622 if( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec ) mpeg2_close( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec );
624 f_wd_dec = fopen("/vlc/dec_pid", "w");
625 if (f_wd_dec != NULL)
627 fprintf(f_wd_dec, "0\n");
634 static double get_aspect_ratio( decoder_t *p_dec )
636 decoder_sys_t *p_sys = p_dec->p_sys;
638 double mpeg1_pel_ratio[16] = {1.0 /* forbidden */,
639 1.0, 0.6735, 0.7031, 0.7615, 0.8055, 0.8437, 0.8935, 0.9157,
640 0.9815, 1.0255, 1.0695, 1.0950, 1.1575, 1.2015, 1.0 /*reserved*/ };
642 if( !p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.mpeg1 )
644 /* these hardcoded values are defined on mpeg2 standard for
645 * aspect ratio. other values are reserved or forbidden. */
646 switch( p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.aspect_ratio_information )
659 ratio = (double)p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.width/(double)p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.height;
665 /* mpeg1 constants refer to pixel aspect ratio */
666 ratio = (double)p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.width/(double)p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.height;
667 ratio /= mpeg1_pel_ratio[p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder.aspect_ratio_information];
671 /*****************************************************************************
672 * GetNewPicture: Get a new picture from the vout and set the buf struct
673 *****************************************************************************/
674 static picture_t *GetNewPicture( decoder_t *p_dec, uint8_t **pp_buf )
676 //msg_Dbg(p_dec, "GetNewPicture Entering");
677 decoder_sys_t *p_sys = p_dec->p_sys;
680 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_width = p_sys->p_info->sequence->width;
681 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_height = p_sys->p_info->sequence->height;
682 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_aspect = p_sys->i_aspect;
684 if( p_sys->p_info->sequence->frame_period > 0 )
686 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate =
687 (uint32_t)( (uint64_t)1001000000 * 27 /
688 p_sys->p_info->sequence->frame_period );
689 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate_base = 1001;
692 p_dec->fmt_out.i_codec =
693 ( p_sys->p_info->sequence->chroma_height <
694 p_sys->p_info->sequence->height ) ?
695 VLC_FOURCC('I','4','2','0') : VLC_FOURCC('I','4','2','2');
698 p_sys->f_wd_nb = fopen("/vlc/dec_nb", "w");
699 if (p_sys->f_wd_nb != NULL)
701 // fprintf(p_sys->f_wd_nb, "%d\n", mdate());
702 fprintf(p_sys->f_wd_nb, "%s\n", mdate());
703 fflush(p_sys->f_wd_nb);
706 p_pic = p_dec->pf_vout_buffer_new( p_dec );
708 if( p_pic == NULL ) return NULL;
710 p_pic->b_progressive = p_sys->p_info->current_picture != NULL ?
711 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_FLAG_PROGRESSIVE_FRAME : 1;
712 p_pic->b_top_field_first = p_sys->p_info->current_picture != NULL ?
713 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->flags & PIC_FLAG_TOP_FIELD_FIRST : 1;
714 p_pic->i_nb_fields = p_sys->p_info->current_picture != NULL ?
715 p_sys->p_info->current_picture->nb_fields : 2;
716 p_pic->format.i_frame_rate = p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate;
717 p_pic->format.i_frame_rate_base = p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_frame_rate_base;
719 p_dec->pf_picture_link( p_dec, p_pic );
721 pp_buf[0] = p_pic->p[0].p_pixels;
722 pp_buf[1] = p_pic->p[1].p_pixels;
723 pp_buf[2] = p_pic->p[2].p_pixels;
725 /* let driver ensure this image has the right format */
727 this->driver->update_frame_format( p_pic->p_sys->p_vout, p_pic,
728 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_width,
729 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_height,
730 p_dec->fmt_out.video.i_aspect,
733 mpeg2_xxmc_choose_coding( p_dec, &p_sys->p_mpeg2dec->decoder, p_pic,
734 get_aspect_ratio(p_dec), 0 );