2 * Libavformat API example: Output a media file in any supported
3 * libavformat format. The default codecs are used.
5 * Copyright (c) 2003 Fabrice Bellard
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31 #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
37 /* 5 seconds stream duration */
38 #define STREAM_DURATION 5.0
39 #define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
40 #define STREAM_NB_FRAMES ((int)(STREAM_DURATION * STREAM_FRAME_RATE))
41 #define STREAM_PIX_FMT PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */
43 static int sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC;
45 /**************************************************************/
48 float t, tincr, tincr2;
50 uint8_t *audio_outbuf;
51 int audio_outbuf_size;
52 int audio_input_frame_size;
55 * add an audio output stream
57 static AVStream *add_audio_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
62 st = av_new_stream(oc, 1);
64 fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
69 c->codec_id = codec_id;
70 c->codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO;
72 /* put sample parameters */
74 c->sample_rate = 44100;
79 static void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
86 /* find the audio encoder */
87 codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
89 fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
94 if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
95 fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
99 /* init signal generator */
101 tincr = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate;
102 /* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
103 tincr2 = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate / c->sample_rate;
105 audio_outbuf_size = 10000;
106 audio_outbuf = av_malloc(audio_outbuf_size);
108 /* ugly hack for PCM codecs (will be removed ASAP with new PCM
109 support to compute the input frame size in samples */
110 if (c->frame_size <= 1) {
111 audio_input_frame_size = audio_outbuf_size / c->channels;
112 switch(st->codec->codec_id) {
113 case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16LE:
114 case CODEC_ID_PCM_S16BE:
115 case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16LE:
116 case CODEC_ID_PCM_U16BE:
117 audio_input_frame_size >>= 1;
123 audio_input_frame_size = c->frame_size;
125 samples = av_malloc(audio_input_frame_size * 2 * c->channels);
128 /* prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
129 'nb_channels' channels */
130 static void get_audio_frame(int16_t *samples, int frame_size, int nb_channels)
136 for(j=0;j<frame_size;j++) {
137 v = (int)(sin(t) * 10000);
138 for(i = 0; i < nb_channels; i++)
145 static void write_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
149 av_init_packet(&pkt);
153 get_audio_frame(samples, audio_input_frame_size, c->channels);
155 pkt.size= avcodec_encode_audio(c, audio_outbuf, audio_outbuf_size, samples);
157 pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
158 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
159 pkt.stream_index= st->index;
160 pkt.data= audio_outbuf;
162 /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
163 if (av_write_frame(oc, &pkt) != 0) {
164 fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame\n");
169 static void close_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
171 avcodec_close(st->codec);
174 av_free(audio_outbuf);
177 /**************************************************************/
180 AVFrame *picture, *tmp_picture;
181 uint8_t *video_outbuf;
182 int frame_count, video_outbuf_size;
184 /* add a video output stream */
185 static AVStream *add_video_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, int codec_id)
190 st = av_new_stream(oc, 0);
192 fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc stream\n");
197 c->codec_id = codec_id;
198 c->codec_type = CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO;
200 /* put sample parameters */
201 c->bit_rate = 400000;
202 /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
205 /* time base: this is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
206 of which frame timestamps are represented. for fixed-fps content,
207 timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
209 c->time_base.den = STREAM_FRAME_RATE;
210 c->time_base.num = 1;
211 c->gop_size = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
212 c->pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
213 if (c->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
214 /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
217 if (c->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO){
218 /* needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow
219 this doesnt happen with normal video, it just happens here as the
220 motion of the chroma plane doesnt match the luma plane */
223 // some formats want stream headers to be separate
224 if(!strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "mp4") || !strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "mov") || !strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "3gp"))
225 c->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
230 static AVFrame *alloc_picture(int pix_fmt, int width, int height)
233 uint8_t *picture_buf;
236 picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
239 size = avpicture_get_size(pix_fmt, width, height);
240 picture_buf = av_malloc(size);
245 avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)picture, picture_buf,
246 pix_fmt, width, height);
250 static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
257 /* find the video encoder */
258 codec = avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec_id);
260 fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
265 if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
266 fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
271 if (!(oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE)) {
272 /* allocate output buffer */
273 /* XXX: API change will be done */
274 /* buffers passed into lav* can be allocated any way you prefer,
275 as long as they're aligned enough for the architecture, and
276 they're freed appropriately (such as using av_free for buffers
277 allocated with av_malloc) */
278 video_outbuf_size = 200000;
279 video_outbuf = av_malloc(video_outbuf_size);
282 /* allocate the encoded raw picture */
283 picture = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
285 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture\n");
289 /* if the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
290 picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
293 if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
294 tmp_picture = alloc_picture(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
296 fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
302 /* prepare a dummy image */
303 static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index, int width, int height)
310 for(y=0;y<height;y++) {
311 for(x=0;x<width;x++) {
312 pict->data[0][y * pict->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
317 for(y=0;y<height/2;y++) {
318 for(x=0;x<width/2;x++) {
319 pict->data[1][y * pict->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
320 pict->data[2][y * pict->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
325 static void write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
329 static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;
333 if (frame_count >= STREAM_NB_FRAMES) {
334 /* no more frame to compress. The codec has a latency of a few
335 frames if using B frames, so we get the last frames by
336 passing the same picture again */
338 if (c->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
339 /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
340 to the codec pixel format if needed */
341 if (img_convert_ctx == NULL) {
342 img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height,
346 sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
347 if (img_convert_ctx == NULL) {
348 fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context\n");
352 fill_yuv_image(tmp_picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
353 sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, tmp_picture->data, tmp_picture->linesize,
354 0, c->height, picture->data, picture->linesize);
356 fill_yuv_image(picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
361 if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
362 /* raw video case. The API will change slightly in the near
365 av_init_packet(&pkt);
367 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
368 pkt.stream_index= st->index;
369 pkt.data= (uint8_t *)picture;
370 pkt.size= sizeof(AVPicture);
372 ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
374 /* encode the image */
375 out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, video_outbuf, video_outbuf_size, picture);
376 /* if zero size, it means the image was buffered */
379 av_init_packet(&pkt);
381 pkt.pts= av_rescale_q(c->coded_frame->pts, c->time_base, st->time_base);
382 if(c->coded_frame->key_frame)
383 pkt.flags |= PKT_FLAG_KEY;
384 pkt.stream_index= st->index;
385 pkt.data= video_outbuf;
388 /* write the compressed frame in the media file */
389 ret = av_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
395 fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame\n");
401 static void close_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
403 avcodec_close(st->codec);
404 av_free(picture->data[0]);
407 av_free(tmp_picture->data[0]);
408 av_free(tmp_picture);
410 av_free(video_outbuf);
413 /**************************************************************/
414 /* media file output */
416 int main(int argc, char **argv)
418 const char *filename;
421 AVStream *audio_st, *video_st;
422 double audio_pts, video_pts;
425 /* initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats */
429 printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
430 "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
431 "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
432 "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename\n"
439 /* auto detect the output format from the name. default is
441 fmt = guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
443 printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
444 fmt = guess_format("mpeg", NULL, NULL);
447 fprintf(stderr, "Could not find suitable output format\n");
451 /* allocate the output media context */
452 oc = av_alloc_format_context();
454 fprintf(stderr, "Memory error\n");
458 snprintf(oc->filename, sizeof(oc->filename), "%s", filename);
460 /* add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
461 and initialize the codecs */
464 if (fmt->video_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
465 video_st = add_video_stream(oc, fmt->video_codec);
467 if (fmt->audio_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
468 audio_st = add_audio_stream(oc, fmt->audio_codec);
471 /* set the output parameters (must be done even if no
473 if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) < 0) {
474 fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output format parameters\n");
478 dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
480 /* now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
481 video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers */
483 open_video(oc, video_st);
485 open_audio(oc, audio_st);
487 /* open the output file, if needed */
488 if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
489 if (url_fopen(&oc->pb, filename, URL_WRONLY) < 0) {
490 fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s'\n", filename);
495 /* write the stream header, if any */
499 /* compute current audio and video time */
501 audio_pts = (double)audio_st->pts.val * audio_st->time_base.num / audio_st->time_base.den;
506 video_pts = (double)video_st->pts.val * video_st->time_base.num / video_st->time_base.den;
510 if ((!audio_st || audio_pts >= STREAM_DURATION) &&
511 (!video_st || video_pts >= STREAM_DURATION))
514 /* write interleaved audio and video frames */
515 if (!video_st || (video_st && audio_st && audio_pts < video_pts)) {
516 write_audio_frame(oc, audio_st);
518 write_video_frame(oc, video_st);
522 /* close each codec */
524 close_video(oc, video_st);
526 close_audio(oc, audio_st);
528 /* write the trailer, if any */
529 av_write_trailer(oc);
531 /* free the streams */
532 for(i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++) {
533 av_freep(&oc->streams[i]->codec);
534 av_freep(&oc->streams[i]);
537 if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
538 /* close the output file */
542 /* free the stream */