3 * by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
4 * This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
7 * This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
8 * is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
10 * Compile this program using:
12 * Invoke the program with:
13 * qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
15 * Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
16 * atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
17 * to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
18 * the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
19 * to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
20 * presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
28 #define fseeko(x,y,z) fseeko64(x,y,z)
29 #define ftello(x) ftello64(x)
32 #define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
33 #define BE_32(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 24) | \
34 (((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
35 (((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
37 #define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) | \
38 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) | \
39 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) | \
40 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) | \
41 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) | \
42 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) | \
43 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) << 8) | \
44 ((uint64_t)((uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
46 #define BE_FOURCC( ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3 ) \
47 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
48 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8 ) | \
49 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16 ) | \
50 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24 ) )
52 #define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
54 #define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
55 #define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
56 #define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
57 #define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
58 #define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
59 #define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
60 #define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
61 #define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
62 #define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
64 #define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
65 #define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
66 #define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
68 #define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
69 #define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
71 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
75 unsigned char atom_bytes[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE];
76 uint32_t atom_type = 0;
77 uint64_t atom_size = 0;
79 unsigned char *moov_atom;
80 unsigned char *ftyp_atom = 0;
81 uint64_t moov_atom_size;
82 uint64_t ftyp_atom_size = 0;
84 uint32_t offset_count;
85 uint64_t current_offset;
86 uint64_t start_offset = 0;
87 unsigned char copy_buffer[COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];
91 printf ("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n");
95 infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
101 /* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
103 while (!feof(infile)) {
104 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
107 atom_size = (uint32_t)BE_32(&atom_bytes[0]);
108 atom_type = BE_32(&atom_bytes[4]);
110 if ((atom_type != FREE_ATOM) &&
111 (atom_type != JUNK_ATOM) &&
112 (atom_type != MDAT_ATOM) &&
113 (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) &&
114 (atom_type != PNOT_ATOM) &&
115 (atom_type != SKIP_ATOM) &&
116 (atom_type != WIDE_ATOM) &&
117 (atom_type != PICT_ATOM) &&
118 (atom_type != FTYP_ATOM)) {
119 printf ("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a Quicktime file?)\n");
124 if (atom_type == FTYP_ATOM) {
125 ftyp_atom_size = atom_size;
126 ftyp_atom = malloc(ftyp_atom_size);
128 printf ("could not allocate 0x%llX byte for ftyp atom\n",
133 fseeko(infile, -ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
134 if (fread(ftyp_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
140 start_offset = ftello(infile);
144 /* 64-bit special case */
145 if (atom_size == 1) {
146 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
149 atom_size = BE_64(&atom_bytes[0]);
150 fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE * 2, SEEK_CUR);
152 fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
156 if (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) {
157 printf ("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
162 /* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
164 fseeko(infile, -atom_size, SEEK_END);
165 last_offset = ftello(infile);
166 moov_atom_size = atom_size;
167 moov_atom = malloc(moov_atom_size);
169 printf ("could not allocate 0x%llX byte for moov atom\n",
174 if (fread(moov_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
181 /* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
182 * files with compressed QT atoms */
183 if (BE_32(&moov_atom[12]) == CMOV_ATOM) {
184 printf ("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
190 /* close; will be re-opened later */
193 /* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
194 for (i = 4; i < moov_atom_size - 4; i++) {
195 atom_type = BE_32(&moov_atom[i]);
196 if (atom_type == STCO_ATOM) {
197 printf (" patching stco atom...\n");
198 atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
199 if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
200 printf (" bad atom size\n");
204 offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
205 for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
206 current_offset = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4]);
207 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
208 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 0] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
209 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 1] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
210 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 2] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
211 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 3] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
214 } else if (atom_type == CO64_ATOM) {
215 printf (" patching co64 atom...\n");
216 atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
217 if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
218 printf (" bad atom size\n");
222 offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
223 for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
224 current_offset = BE_64(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8]);
225 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
226 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 0] = (current_offset >> 56) & 0xFF;
227 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 1] = (current_offset >> 48) & 0xFF;
228 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 2] = (current_offset >> 40) & 0xFF;
229 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 3] = (current_offset >> 32) & 0xFF;
230 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 4] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
231 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 5] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
232 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 6] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
233 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 7] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
239 /* re-open the input file and open the output file */
240 infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
247 if (start_offset > 0) { /* seek after ftyp atom */
248 fseeko(infile, start_offset, SEEK_SET);
249 last_offset -= start_offset;
252 outfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
260 /* dump the same ftyp atom */
261 if (ftyp_atom_size > 0) {
262 printf (" writing ftyp atom...\n");
263 if (fwrite(ftyp_atom, ftyp_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
269 /* dump the new moov atom */
270 printf (" writing moov atom...\n");
271 if (fwrite(moov_atom, moov_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
276 /* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
277 printf (" copying rest of file...\n");
278 while (last_offset) {
279 if (last_offset > COPY_BUFFER_SIZE)
280 bytes_to_copy = COPY_BUFFER_SIZE;
282 bytes_to_copy = last_offset;
284 if (fread(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, infile) != 1) {
288 if (fwrite(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, outfile) != 1) {
293 last_offset -= bytes_to_copy;
299 if (ftyp_atom_size > 0)
308 if (ftyp_atom_size > 0)