2 Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
3 Copyright (C) 2004-2023 The Stockfish developers (see AUTHORS file)
5 Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
6 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
7 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
8 (at your option) any later version.
10 Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 GNU General Public License for more details.
15 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
19 #ifndef MISC_H_INCLUDED
20 #define MISC_H_INCLUDED
29 #define stringify2(x) #x
30 #define stringify(x) stringify2(x)
34 std::string engine_info(bool to_uci = false);
35 std::string compiler_info();
37 // Preloads the given address in L1/L2 cache. This is a non-blocking
38 // function that doesn't stall the CPU waiting for data to be loaded from memory,
39 // which can be quite slow.
40 void prefetch(void* addr);
42 void start_logger(const std::string& fname);
43 void* std_aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size);
44 void std_aligned_free(void* ptr);
45 // memory aligned by page size, min alignment: 4096 bytes
46 void* aligned_large_pages_alloc(size_t size);
47 // nop if mem == nullptr
48 void aligned_large_pages_free(void* mem);
50 void dbg_hit_on(bool cond, int slot = 0);
51 void dbg_mean_of(int64_t value, int slot = 0);
52 void dbg_stdev_of(int64_t value, int slot = 0);
53 void dbg_correl_of(int64_t value1, int64_t value2, int slot = 0);
56 using TimePoint = std::chrono::milliseconds::rep; // A value in milliseconds
57 static_assert(sizeof(TimePoint) == sizeof(int64_t), "TimePoint should be 64 bits");
58 inline TimePoint now() {
59 return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
60 std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
69 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, SyncCout);
71 #define sync_cout std::cout << IO_LOCK
72 #define sync_endl std::endl << IO_UNLOCK
75 // Get the first aligned element of an array.
76 // ptr must point to an array of size at least `sizeof(T) * N + alignment` bytes,
77 // where N is the number of elements in the array.
78 template<uintptr_t Alignment, typename T>
79 T* align_ptr_up(T* ptr) {
80 static_assert(alignof(T) < Alignment);
82 const uintptr_t ptrint = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(ptr));
83 return reinterpret_cast<T*>(
84 reinterpret_cast<char*>((ptrint + (Alignment - 1)) / Alignment * Alignment));
88 // True if and only if the binary is compiled on a little-endian machine
89 static inline const union {
93 static inline const bool IsLittleEndian = (Le.c[0] == 4);
96 template<typename T, std::size_t MaxSize>
100 std::size_t size() const { return size_; }
101 void push_back(const T& value) { values_[size_++] = value; }
102 const T* begin() const { return values_; }
103 const T* end() const { return values_ + size_; }
104 const T& operator[](int index) const { return values_[index]; }
108 std::size_t size_ = 0;
112 // xorshift64star Pseudo-Random Number Generator
113 // This class is based on original code written and dedicated
114 // to the public domain by Sebastiano Vigna (2014).
115 // It has the following characteristics:
117 // - Outputs 64-bit numbers
118 // - Passes Dieharder and SmallCrush test batteries
119 // - Does not require warm-up, no zeroland to escape
120 // - Internal state is a single 64-bit integer
121 // - Period is 2^64 - 1
122 // - Speed: 1.60 ns/call (Core i7 @3.40GHz)
124 // For further analysis see
125 // <http://vigna.di.unimi.it/ftp/papers/xorshift.pdf>
133 s ^= s >> 12, s ^= s << 25, s ^= s >> 27;
134 return s * 2685821657736338717LL;
138 PRNG(uint64_t seed) :
148 // Special generator used to fast init magic numbers.
149 // Output values only have 1/8th of their bits set on average.
152 return T(rand64() & rand64() & rand64());
156 inline uint64_t mul_hi64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b) {
157 #if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(IS_64BIT)
158 __extension__ using uint128 = unsigned __int128;
159 return (uint128(a) * uint128(b)) >> 64;
161 uint64_t aL = uint32_t(a), aH = a >> 32;
162 uint64_t bL = uint32_t(b), bH = b >> 32;
163 uint64_t c1 = (aL * bL) >> 32;
164 uint64_t c2 = aH * bL + c1;
165 uint64_t c3 = aL * bH + uint32_t(c2);
166 return aH * bH + (c2 >> 32) + (c3 >> 32);
170 // Under Windows it is not possible for a process to run on more than one
171 // logical processor group. This usually means being limited to using max 64
172 // cores. To overcome this, some special platform-specific API should be
173 // called to set group affinity for each thread. Original code from Texel by
175 namespace WinProcGroup {
176 void bindThisThread(size_t idx);
179 namespace CommandLine {
180 void init(int argc, char* argv[]);
182 extern std::string binaryDirectory; // path of the executable directory
183 extern std::string workingDirectory; // path of the working directory
186 } // namespace Stockfish
188 #endif // #ifndef MISC_H_INCLUDED