2 Stockfish, a UCI chess playing engine derived from Glaurung 2.1
3 Copyright (C) 2004-2008 Tord Romstad (Glaurung author)
4 Copyright (C) 2008-2015 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Tord Romstad
5 Copyright (C) 2015-2016 Marco Costalba, Joona Kiiski, Gary Linscott, Tord Romstad
7 Stockfish is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
10 (at your option) any later version.
12 Stockfish is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
29 MAIN_SEARCH, CAPTURES_INIT, GOOD_CAPTURES, KILLERS, COUNTERMOVE, QUIET_INIT, QUIET, BAD_CAPTURES,
30 EVASION, EVASIONS_INIT, ALL_EVASIONS,
31 PROBCUT, PROBCUT_INIT, PROBCUT_CAPTURES,
32 QSEARCH_WITH_CHECKS, QCAPTURES_1_INIT, QCAPTURES_1, QCHECKS,
33 QSEARCH_NO_CHECKS, QCAPTURES_2_INIT, QCAPTURES_2,
34 QSEARCH_RECAPTURES, QRECAPTURES
37 // Our insertion sort, which is guaranteed to be stable, as it should be
38 void insertion_sort(ExtMove* begin, ExtMove* end)
42 for (p = begin + 1; p < end; ++p)
45 for (q = p; q != begin && *(q-1) < tmp; --q)
51 // pick_best() finds the best move in the range (begin, end) and moves it to
52 // the front. It's faster than sorting all the moves in advance when there
53 // are few moves, e.g., the possible captures.
54 Move pick_best(ExtMove* begin, ExtMove* end)
56 std::swap(*begin, *std::max_element(begin, end));
63 /// Constructors of the MovePicker class. As arguments we pass information
64 /// to help it to return the (presumably) good moves first, to decide which
65 /// moves to return (in the quiescence search, for instance, we only want to
66 /// search captures, promotions, and some checks) and how important good move
67 /// ordering is at the current node.
69 MovePicker::MovePicker(const Position& p, Move ttm, Depth d, Search::Stack* s)
70 : pos(p), ss(s), depth(d) {
72 assert(d > DEPTH_ZERO);
74 Square prevSq = to_sq((ss-1)->currentMove);
75 countermove = pos.this_thread()->counterMoves[pos.piece_on(prevSq)][prevSq];
77 stage = pos.checkers() ? EVASION : MAIN_SEARCH;
78 ttMove = ttm && pos.pseudo_legal(ttm) ? ttm : MOVE_NONE;
79 stage += (ttMove == MOVE_NONE);
82 MovePicker::MovePicker(const Position& p, Move ttm, Depth d, Square s)
85 assert(d <= DEPTH_ZERO);
90 else if (d > DEPTH_QS_NO_CHECKS)
91 stage = QSEARCH_WITH_CHECKS;
93 else if (d > DEPTH_QS_RECAPTURES)
94 stage = QSEARCH_NO_CHECKS;
98 stage = QSEARCH_RECAPTURES;
103 ttMove = ttm && pos.pseudo_legal(ttm) ? ttm : MOVE_NONE;
104 stage += (ttMove == MOVE_NONE);
107 MovePicker::MovePicker(const Position& p, Move ttm, Value th)
108 : pos(p), threshold(th) {
110 assert(!pos.checkers());
114 // In ProbCut we generate captures with SEE higher than the given threshold
116 && pos.pseudo_legal(ttm)
118 && pos.see(ttm) > threshold ? ttm : MOVE_NONE;
120 stage += (ttMove == MOVE_NONE);
124 /// score() assigns a numerical value to each move in a move list. The moves with
125 /// highest values will be picked first.
127 void MovePicker::score<CAPTURES>() {
128 // Winning and equal captures in the main search are ordered by MVV, preferring
129 // captures near our home rank. Surprisingly, this appears to perform slightly
130 // better than SEE-based move ordering: exchanging big pieces before capturing
131 // a hanging piece probably helps to reduce the subtree size.
132 // In the main search we want to push captures with negative SEE values to the
133 // badCaptures[] array, but instead of doing it now we delay until the move
134 // has been picked up, saving some SEE calls in case we get a cutoff.
135 for (auto& m : *this)
136 m.value = PieceValue[MG][pos.piece_on(to_sq(m))]
137 - Value(200 * relative_rank(pos.side_to_move(), to_sq(m)));
141 void MovePicker::score<QUIETS>() {
143 const HistoryStats& history = pos.this_thread()->history;
144 const FromToStats& fromTo = pos.this_thread()->fromTo;
146 const CounterMoveStats* cm = (ss-1)->counterMoves;
147 const CounterMoveStats* fm = (ss-2)->counterMoves;
148 const CounterMoveStats* f2 = (ss-4)->counterMoves;
150 Color c = pos.side_to_move();
152 for (auto& m : *this)
153 m.value = history[pos.moved_piece(m)][to_sq(m)]
154 + (cm ? (*cm)[pos.moved_piece(m)][to_sq(m)] : VALUE_ZERO)
155 + (fm ? (*fm)[pos.moved_piece(m)][to_sq(m)] : VALUE_ZERO)
156 + (f2 ? (*f2)[pos.moved_piece(m)][to_sq(m)] : VALUE_ZERO)
161 void MovePicker::score<EVASIONS>() {
162 // Try winning and equal captures ordered by MVV/LVA, then non-captures ordered
163 // by history value, then bad captures and quiet moves with a negative SEE ordered
165 const HistoryStats& history = pos.this_thread()->history;
166 const FromToStats& fromTo = pos.this_thread()->fromTo;
167 Color c = pos.side_to_move();
170 for (auto& m : *this)
171 if ((see = pos.see_sign(m)) < VALUE_ZERO)
172 m.value = see - HistoryStats::Max; // At the bottom
174 else if (pos.capture(m))
175 m.value = PieceValue[MG][pos.piece_on(to_sq(m))]
176 - Value(type_of(pos.moved_piece(m))) + HistoryStats::Max;
178 m.value = history[pos.moved_piece(m)][to_sq(m)] + fromTo.get(c, m);
182 /// next_move() is the most important method of the MovePicker class. It returns
183 /// a new pseudo legal move every time it is called, until there are no more moves
184 /// left. It picks the move with the biggest value from a list of generated moves
185 /// taking care not to return the ttMove if it has already been searched.
187 Move MovePicker::next_move() {
193 case MAIN_SEARCH: case EVASION: case QSEARCH_WITH_CHECKS:
194 case QSEARCH_NO_CHECKS: case PROBCUT:
199 endBadCaptures = cur = moves;
200 endMoves = generate<CAPTURES>(pos, cur);
205 while (cur < endMoves)
207 move = pick_best(cur++, endMoves);
210 if (pos.see_sign(move) >= VALUE_ZERO)
213 // Losing capture, move it to the beginning of the array
214 *endBadCaptures++ = move;
219 move = ss->killers[0]; // First killer move
220 if ( move != MOVE_NONE
222 && pos.pseudo_legal(move)
223 && !pos.capture(move))
228 move = ss->killers[1]; // Second killer move
229 if ( move != MOVE_NONE
231 && pos.pseudo_legal(move)
232 && !pos.capture(move))
238 if ( move != MOVE_NONE
240 && move != ss->killers[0]
241 && move != ss->killers[1]
242 && pos.pseudo_legal(move)
243 && !pos.capture(move))
247 cur = endBadCaptures;
248 endMoves = generate<QUIETS>(pos, cur);
250 if (depth < 3 * ONE_PLY)
252 ExtMove* goodQuiet = std::partition(cur, endMoves, [](const ExtMove& m)
253 { return m.value > VALUE_ZERO; });
254 insertion_sort(cur, goodQuiet);
256 insertion_sort(cur, endMoves);
260 while (cur < endMoves)
264 && move != ss->killers[0]
265 && move != ss->killers[1]
266 && move != countermove)
270 cur = moves; // Point to beginning of bad captures
273 if (cur < endBadCaptures)
279 endMoves = generate<EVASIONS>(pos, cur);
280 if (endMoves - cur - (ttMove != MOVE_NONE) > 1)
285 while (cur < endMoves)
287 move = pick_best(cur++, endMoves);
295 endMoves = generate<CAPTURES>(pos, cur);
299 case PROBCUT_CAPTURES:
300 while (cur < endMoves)
302 move = pick_best(cur++, endMoves);
304 && pos.see(move) > threshold)
309 case QCAPTURES_1_INIT: case QCAPTURES_2_INIT:
311 endMoves = generate<CAPTURES>(pos, cur);
315 case QCAPTURES_1: case QCAPTURES_2:
316 while (cur < endMoves)
318 move = pick_best(cur++, endMoves);
322 if (stage == QCAPTURES_2)
325 endMoves = generate<QUIET_CHECKS>(pos, cur);
329 while (cur < endMoves)
337 case QSEARCH_RECAPTURES:
339 endMoves = generate<CAPTURES>(pos, cur);
344 while (cur < endMoves)
346 move = pick_best(cur++, endMoves);
347 if (to_sq(move) == recaptureSquare)