3 * by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
4 * This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
7 * This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
8 * is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
10 * To compile this program, start from the base directory from which you
11 * are building FFmpeg and type:
12 * make tools/qt-faststart
13 * The qt-faststart program will be built in the tools/ directory. If you
14 * do not build the program in this manner, correct results are not
15 * guaranteed, particularly on 64-bit platforms.
16 * Invoke the program with:
17 * qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
19 * Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
20 * atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
21 * to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
22 * the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
23 * to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
24 * presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
33 #define fseeko(x,y,z) fseeko64(x,y,z)
34 #define ftello(x) ftello64(x)
37 #define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
38 #define BE_32(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 24) | \
39 (((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
40 (((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
42 #define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) | \
43 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) | \
44 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) | \
45 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) | \
46 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) | \
47 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) | \
48 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) << 8) | \
49 ((uint64_t)((uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
51 #define BE_FOURCC( ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3 ) \
52 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
53 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8 ) | \
54 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16 ) | \
55 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24 ) )
57 #define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
59 #define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
60 #define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
61 #define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
62 #define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
63 #define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
64 #define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
65 #define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
66 #define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
67 #define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
68 #define UUID_ATOM QT_ATOM('u', 'u', 'i', 'd')
70 #define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
71 #define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
72 #define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
74 #define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
75 #define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
77 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
81 unsigned char atom_bytes[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE];
82 uint32_t atom_type = 0;
83 uint64_t atom_size = 0;
84 uint64_t atom_offset = 0;
86 unsigned char *moov_atom = NULL;
87 unsigned char *ftyp_atom = NULL;
88 uint64_t moov_atom_size;
89 uint64_t ftyp_atom_size = 0;
91 uint32_t offset_count;
92 uint64_t current_offset;
93 uint64_t start_offset = 0;
94 unsigned char copy_buffer[COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];
98 printf ("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n");
102 if (!strcmp(argv[1], argv[2])) {
103 fprintf(stderr, "input and output files need to be different\n");
107 infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
113 /* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
115 while (!feof(infile)) {
116 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
119 atom_size = (uint32_t)BE_32(&atom_bytes[0]);
120 atom_type = BE_32(&atom_bytes[4]);
123 if (atom_type == FTYP_ATOM) {
124 ftyp_atom_size = atom_size;
126 ftyp_atom = malloc(ftyp_atom_size);
128 printf ("could not allocate %"PRIu64" byte for ftyp atom\n",
132 fseeko(infile, -ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
133 if (fread(ftyp_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
137 start_offset = ftello(infile);
140 /* 64-bit special case */
141 if (atom_size == 1) {
142 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
145 atom_size = BE_64(&atom_bytes[0]);
146 fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE * 2, SEEK_CUR);
148 fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
151 printf("%c%c%c%c %10"PRIu64" %"PRIu64"\n",
152 (atom_type >> 24) & 255,
153 (atom_type >> 16) & 255,
154 (atom_type >> 8) & 255,
155 (atom_type >> 0) & 255,
158 if ((atom_type != FREE_ATOM) &&
159 (atom_type != JUNK_ATOM) &&
160 (atom_type != MDAT_ATOM) &&
161 (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) &&
162 (atom_type != PNOT_ATOM) &&
163 (atom_type != SKIP_ATOM) &&
164 (atom_type != WIDE_ATOM) &&
165 (atom_type != PICT_ATOM) &&
166 (atom_type != UUID_ATOM) &&
167 (atom_type != FTYP_ATOM)) {
168 printf ("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a Quicktime file?)\n");
171 atom_offset += atom_size;
173 /* The atom header is 8 (or 16 bytes), if the atom size (which
174 * includes these 8 or 16 bytes) is less than that, we won't be
175 * able to continue scanning sensibly after this atom, so break. */
180 if (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) {
181 printf ("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
187 /* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
189 fseeko(infile, -atom_size, SEEK_END);
190 last_offset = ftello(infile);
191 moov_atom_size = atom_size;
192 moov_atom = malloc(moov_atom_size);
194 printf ("could not allocate %"PRIu64" byte for moov atom\n",
198 if (fread(moov_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
203 /* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
204 * files with compressed QT atoms */
205 if (BE_32(&moov_atom[12]) == CMOV_ATOM) {
206 printf ("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
210 /* close; will be re-opened later */
214 /* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
215 for (i = 4; i < moov_atom_size - 4; i++) {
216 atom_type = BE_32(&moov_atom[i]);
217 if (atom_type == STCO_ATOM) {
218 printf (" patching stco atom...\n");
219 atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
220 if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
221 printf (" bad atom size\n");
224 offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
225 for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
226 current_offset = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4]);
227 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
228 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 0] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
229 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 1] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
230 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 2] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
231 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 3] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
234 } else if (atom_type == CO64_ATOM) {
235 printf (" patching co64 atom...\n");
236 atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
237 if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
238 printf (" bad atom size\n");
241 offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
242 for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
243 current_offset = BE_64(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8]);
244 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
245 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 0] = (current_offset >> 56) & 0xFF;
246 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 1] = (current_offset >> 48) & 0xFF;
247 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 2] = (current_offset >> 40) & 0xFF;
248 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 3] = (current_offset >> 32) & 0xFF;
249 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 4] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
250 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 5] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
251 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 6] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
252 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 7] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
258 /* re-open the input file and open the output file */
259 infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
265 if (start_offset > 0) { /* seek after ftyp atom */
266 fseeko(infile, start_offset, SEEK_SET);
267 last_offset -= start_offset;
270 outfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
276 /* dump the same ftyp atom */
277 if (ftyp_atom_size > 0) {
278 printf (" writing ftyp atom...\n");
279 if (fwrite(ftyp_atom, ftyp_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
285 /* dump the new moov atom */
286 printf (" writing moov atom...\n");
287 if (fwrite(moov_atom, moov_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
292 /* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
293 printf (" copying rest of file...\n");
294 while (last_offset) {
295 if (last_offset > COPY_BUFFER_SIZE)
296 bytes_to_copy = COPY_BUFFER_SIZE;
298 bytes_to_copy = last_offset;
300 if (fread(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, infile) != 1) {
304 if (fwrite(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, outfile) != 1) {
309 last_offset -= bytes_to_copy;