3 * by Mike Melanson (melanson@pcisys.net)
4 * This file is placed in the public domain. Use the program however you
7 * This utility rearranges a Quicktime file such that the moov atom
8 * is in front of the data, thus facilitating network streaming.
10 * To compile this program, start from the base directory from which you
11 * are building FFmpeg and type:
12 * make tools/qt-faststart
13 * The qt-faststart program will be built in the tools/ directory. If you
14 * do not build the program in this manner, correct results are not
15 * guaranteed, particularly on 64-bit platforms.
16 * Invoke the program with:
17 * qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>
19 * Notes: Quicktime files can come in many configurations of top-level
20 * atoms. This utility stipulates that the very last atom in the file needs
21 * to be a moov atom. When given such a file, this utility will rearrange
22 * the top-level atoms by shifting the moov atom from the back of the file
23 * to the front, and patch the chunk offsets along the way. This utility
24 * presently only operates on uncompressed moov atoms.
33 #define fseeko(x, y, z) fseeko64(x, y, z)
34 #define ftello(x) ftello64(x)
36 #define fseeko(x, y, z) _fseeki64(x, y, z)
37 #define ftello(x) _ftelli64(x)
40 #define BE_16(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 8) | ((uint8_t*)(x))[1])
42 #define BE_32(x) ((((uint8_t*)(x))[0] << 24) | \
43 (((uint8_t*)(x))[1] << 16) | \
44 (((uint8_t*)(x))[2] << 8) | \
47 #define BE_64(x) (((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[0]) << 56) | \
48 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[1]) << 48) | \
49 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[2]) << 40) | \
50 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[3]) << 32) | \
51 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[4]) << 24) | \
52 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[5]) << 16) | \
53 ((uint64_t)(((uint8_t*)(x))[6]) << 8) | \
54 ((uint64_t)( (uint8_t*)(x))[7]))
56 #define BE_FOURCC(ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3) \
57 ( (uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch3) | \
58 ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch2) << 8) | \
59 ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch1) << 16) | \
60 ((uint32_t)(unsigned char)(ch0) << 24) )
62 #define QT_ATOM BE_FOURCC
64 #define FREE_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 'r', 'e', 'e')
65 #define JUNK_ATOM QT_ATOM('j', 'u', 'n', 'k')
66 #define MDAT_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'd', 'a', 't')
67 #define MOOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('m', 'o', 'o', 'v')
68 #define PNOT_ATOM QT_ATOM('p', 'n', 'o', 't')
69 #define SKIP_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 'k', 'i', 'p')
70 #define WIDE_ATOM QT_ATOM('w', 'i', 'd', 'e')
71 #define PICT_ATOM QT_ATOM('P', 'I', 'C', 'T')
72 #define FTYP_ATOM QT_ATOM('f', 't', 'y', 'p')
73 #define UUID_ATOM QT_ATOM('u', 'u', 'i', 'd')
75 #define CMOV_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'm', 'o', 'v')
76 #define STCO_ATOM QT_ATOM('s', 't', 'c', 'o')
77 #define CO64_ATOM QT_ATOM('c', 'o', '6', '4')
79 #define ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE 8
80 #define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
82 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
86 unsigned char atom_bytes[ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE];
87 uint32_t atom_type = 0;
88 uint64_t atom_size = 0;
89 uint64_t atom_offset = 0;
91 unsigned char *moov_atom = NULL;
92 unsigned char *ftyp_atom = NULL;
93 uint64_t moov_atom_size;
94 uint64_t ftyp_atom_size = 0;
96 uint32_t offset_count;
97 uint64_t current_offset;
98 uint64_t start_offset = 0;
99 unsigned char copy_buffer[COPY_BUFFER_SIZE];
103 printf("Usage: qt-faststart <infile.mov> <outfile.mov>\n");
107 if (!strcmp(argv[1], argv[2])) {
108 fprintf(stderr, "input and output files need to be different\n");
112 infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
118 /* traverse through the atoms in the file to make sure that 'moov' is
120 while (!feof(infile)) {
121 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
124 atom_size = (uint32_t) BE_32(&atom_bytes[0]);
125 atom_type = BE_32(&atom_bytes[4]);
128 if (atom_type == FTYP_ATOM) {
129 ftyp_atom_size = atom_size;
131 ftyp_atom = malloc(ftyp_atom_size);
133 printf("could not allocate %"PRIu64" bytes for ftyp atom\n",
137 fseeko(infile, -ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
138 if (fread(ftyp_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
142 start_offset = ftello(infile);
144 /* 64-bit special case */
145 if (atom_size == 1) {
146 if (fread(atom_bytes, ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, 1, infile) != 1) {
149 atom_size = BE_64(&atom_bytes[0]);
150 fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE * 2, SEEK_CUR);
152 fseeko(infile, atom_size - ATOM_PREAMBLE_SIZE, SEEK_CUR);
155 printf("%c%c%c%c %10"PRIu64" %"PRIu64"\n",
156 (atom_type >> 24) & 255,
157 (atom_type >> 16) & 255,
158 (atom_type >> 8) & 255,
159 (atom_type >> 0) & 255,
162 if ((atom_type != FREE_ATOM) &&
163 (atom_type != JUNK_ATOM) &&
164 (atom_type != MDAT_ATOM) &&
165 (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) &&
166 (atom_type != PNOT_ATOM) &&
167 (atom_type != SKIP_ATOM) &&
168 (atom_type != WIDE_ATOM) &&
169 (atom_type != PICT_ATOM) &&
170 (atom_type != UUID_ATOM) &&
171 (atom_type != FTYP_ATOM)) {
172 printf("encountered non-QT top-level atom (is this a QuickTime file?)\n");
175 atom_offset += atom_size;
177 /* The atom header is 8 (or 16 bytes), if the atom size (which
178 * includes these 8 or 16 bytes) is less than that, we won't be
179 * able to continue scanning sensibly after this atom, so break. */
184 if (atom_type != MOOV_ATOM) {
185 printf("last atom in file was not a moov atom\n");
191 /* moov atom was, in fact, the last atom in the chunk; load the whole
193 fseeko(infile, -atom_size, SEEK_END);
194 last_offset = ftello(infile);
195 moov_atom_size = atom_size;
196 moov_atom = malloc(moov_atom_size);
198 printf("could not allocate %"PRIu64" bytes for moov atom\n", atom_size);
201 if (fread(moov_atom, atom_size, 1, infile) != 1) {
206 /* this utility does not support compressed atoms yet, so disqualify
207 * files with compressed QT atoms */
208 if (BE_32(&moov_atom[12]) == CMOV_ATOM) {
209 printf("this utility does not support compressed moov atoms yet\n");
213 /* close; will be re-opened later */
217 /* crawl through the moov chunk in search of stco or co64 atoms */
218 for (i = 4; i < moov_atom_size - 4; i++) {
219 atom_type = BE_32(&moov_atom[i]);
220 if (atom_type == STCO_ATOM) {
221 printf(" patching stco atom...\n");
222 atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
223 if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
224 printf(" bad atom size\n");
227 offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
228 for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
229 current_offset = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4]);
230 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
231 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 0] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
232 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 1] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
233 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 2] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
234 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 4 + 3] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
237 } else if (atom_type == CO64_ATOM) {
238 printf(" patching co64 atom...\n");
239 atom_size = BE_32(&moov_atom[i - 4]);
240 if (i + atom_size - 4 > moov_atom_size) {
241 printf(" bad atom size\n");
244 offset_count = BE_32(&moov_atom[i + 8]);
245 for (j = 0; j < offset_count; j++) {
246 current_offset = BE_64(&moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8]);
247 current_offset += moov_atom_size;
248 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 0] = (current_offset >> 56) & 0xFF;
249 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 1] = (current_offset >> 48) & 0xFF;
250 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 2] = (current_offset >> 40) & 0xFF;
251 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 3] = (current_offset >> 32) & 0xFF;
252 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 4] = (current_offset >> 24) & 0xFF;
253 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 5] = (current_offset >> 16) & 0xFF;
254 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 6] = (current_offset >> 8) & 0xFF;
255 moov_atom[i + 12 + j * 8 + 7] = (current_offset >> 0) & 0xFF;
261 /* re-open the input file and open the output file */
262 infile = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
268 if (start_offset > 0) { /* seek after ftyp atom */
269 fseeko(infile, start_offset, SEEK_SET);
270 last_offset -= start_offset;
273 outfile = fopen(argv[2], "wb");
279 /* dump the same ftyp atom */
280 if (ftyp_atom_size > 0) {
281 printf(" writing ftyp atom...\n");
282 if (fwrite(ftyp_atom, ftyp_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
288 /* dump the new moov atom */
289 printf(" writing moov atom...\n");
290 if (fwrite(moov_atom, moov_atom_size, 1, outfile) != 1) {
295 /* copy the remainder of the infile, from offset 0 -> last_offset - 1 */
296 printf(" copying rest of file...\n");
297 while (last_offset) {
298 if (last_offset > COPY_BUFFER_SIZE)
299 bytes_to_copy = COPY_BUFFER_SIZE;
301 bytes_to_copy = last_offset;
303 if (fread(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, infile) != 1) {
307 if (fwrite(copy_buffer, bytes_to_copy, 1, outfile) != 1) {
311 last_offset -= bytes_to_copy;