a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed by
the time duration specified in @var{offset}.
+@item -itsscale @var{scale} (@emph{input,per-stream})
+Rescale input timestamps. @var{scale} should be a floating point number.
+
@item -timestamp @var{date} (@emph{output})
Set the recording timestamp in the container.
ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd -bf 2 /tmp/vcd.mpg
@end example
+The parameters set for each target are as follows.
+
+@strong{VCD}
+@example
+@var{pal}:
+-f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
+-s 352x288 -r 25
+-codec:v mpeg1video -g 15 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150v -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
+-ar 44100 -ac 2
+-codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k
+
+@var{ntsc}:
+-f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
+-s 352x240 -r 30000/1001
+-codec:v mpeg1video -g 18 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150v -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
+-ar 44100 -ac 2
+-codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k
+
+@var{film}:
+-f vcd -muxrate 1411200 -muxpreload 0.44 -packetsize 2324
+-s 352x240 -r 24000/1001
+-codec:v mpeg1video -g 18 -b:v 1150k -maxrate:v 1150v -minrate:v 1150k -bufsize:v 327680
+-ar 44100 -ac 2
+-codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k
+@end example
+
+@strong{SVCD}
+@example
+@var{pal}:
+-f svcd -packetsize 2324
+-s 480x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
+-codec:v mpeg2video -g 15 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
+-ar 44100
+-codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k
+
+@var{ntsc}:
+-f svcd -packetsize 2324
+-s 480x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30000/1001
+-codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
+-ar 44100
+-codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k
+
+@var{film}:
+-f svcd -packetsize 2324
+-s 480x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 24000/1001
+-codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 2040k -maxrate:v 2516k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008 -scan_offset 1
+-ar 44100
+-codec:a mp2 -b:a 224k
+@end example
+
+@strong{DVD}
+@example
+@var{pal}:
+-f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
+-s 720x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
+-codec:v mpeg2video -g 15 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
+-ar 48000
+-codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k
+
+@var{ntsc}:
+-f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
+-s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30000/1001
+-codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
+-ar 48000
+-codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k
+
+@var{film}:
+-f dvd -muxrate 10080k -packetsize 2048
+-s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 24000/1001
+-codec:v mpeg2video -g 18 -b:v 6000k -maxrate:v 9000k -minrate:v 0 -bufsize:v 1835008
+-ar 48000
+-codec:a ac3 -b:a 448k
+@end example
+
+@strong{DV}
+@example
+@var{pal}:
+-f dv
+-s 720x576 -pix_fmt yuv420p -r 25
+-ar 48000 -ac 2
+
+@var{ntsc}:
+-f dv
+-s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv411p -r 30000/1001
+-ar 48000 -ac 2
+
+@var{film}:
+-f dv
+-s 720x480 -pix_fmt yuv411p -r 24000/1001
+-ar 48000 -ac 2
+@end example
+The @code{dv50} target is identical to the @code{dv} target except that the pixel format set is @code{yuv422p} for all three standards.
+
+Any user-set value for a parameter above will override the target preset value. In that case, the output may
+not comply with the target standard.
+
@item -dn (@emph{input/output})
As an input option, blocks all data streams of a file from being filtered or
being automatically selected or mapped for any output. See @code{-discard}
Print encoding progress/statistics. It is on by default, to explicitly
disable it you need to specify @code{-nostats}.
+@item -stats_period @var{time} (@emph{global})
+Set period at which encoding progress/statistics are updated. Default is 0.5 seconds.
+
@item -progress @var{url} (@emph{global})
Send program-friendly progress information to @var{url}.
-Progress information is written approximately every second and at the end of
+Progress information is written periodically and at the end of
the encoding process. It is made of "@var{key}=@var{value}" lines. @var{key}
consists of only alphanumeric characters. The last key of a sequence of
progress information is always "progress".
+The update period is set using @code{-stats_period}.
+
@anchor{stdin option}
@item -stdin
Enable interaction on standard input. On by default unless standard input is
Technical note -- attachments are implemented as codec extradata, so this
option can actually be used to extract extradata from any stream, not just
attachments.
-
-@item -noautorotate
-Disable automatically rotating video based on file metadata.
-
@end table
@section Video Options
As an output option, duplicate or drop input frames to achieve constant output
frame rate @var{fps}.
+@item -fpsmax[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{fps} (@emph{output,per-stream})
+Set maximum frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).
+
+Clamps output frame rate when output framerate is auto-set and is higher than this value.
+Useful in batch processing or when input framerate is wrongly detected as very high.
+It cannot be set together with @code{-r}. It is ignored during streamcopy.
+
@item -s[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{size} (@emph{input/output,per-stream})
Set frame size.
filter the stream.
This is an alias for @code{-filter:v}, see the @ref{filter_option,,-filter option}.
+
+@item -autorotate
+Automatically rotate the video according to file metadata. Enabled by
+default, use @option{-noautorotate} to disable it.
+
+@item -autoscale
+Automatically scale the video according to the resolution of first frame.
+Enabled by default, use @option{-noautoscale} to disable it. When autoscale is
+disabled, all output frames of filter graph might not be in the same resolution
+and may be inadequate for some encoder/muxer. Therefore, it is not recommended
+to disable it unless you really know what you are doing.
+Disable autoscale at your own risk.
@end table
@section Advanced Video options
Force interlacing support in encoder (MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 only).
Use this option if your input file is interlaced and you want
to keep the interlaced format for minimum losses.
-The alternative is to deinterlace the input stream with
-@option{-deinterlace}, but deinterlacing introduces losses.
+The alternative is to deinterlace the input stream by use of a filter
+such as @code{yadif} or @code{bwdif}, but deinterlacing introduces losses.
@item -psnr
Calculate PSNR of compressed frames.
@item -vstats
@item -force_key_frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] @var{time}[,@var{time}...] (@emph{output,per-stream})
@item -force_key_frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] expr:@var{expr} (@emph{output,per-stream})
-Force key frames at the specified timestamps, more precisely at the first
-frames after each specified time.
+@item -force_key_frames[:@var{stream_specifier}] source (@emph{output,per-stream})
-If the argument is prefixed with @code{expr:}, the string @var{expr}
-is interpreted like an expression and is evaluated for each frame. A
-key frame is forced in case the evaluation is non-zero.
+@var{force_key_frames} can take arguments of the following form:
+
+@table @option
+
+@item @var{time}[,@var{time}...]
+If the argument consists of timestamps, ffmpeg will round the specified times to the nearest
+output timestamp as per the encoder time base and force a keyframe at the first frame having
+timestamp equal or greater than the computed timestamp. Note that if the encoder time base is too
+coarse, then the keyframes may be forced on frames with timestamps lower than the specified time.
+The default encoder time base is the inverse of the output framerate but may be set otherwise
+via @code{-enc_time_base}.
If one of the times is "@code{chapters}[@var{delta}]", it is expanded into
the time of the beginning of all chapters in the file, shifted by
-force_key_frames 0:05:00,chapters-0.1
@end example
+@item expr:@var{expr}
+If the argument is prefixed with @code{expr:}, the string @var{expr}
+is interpreted like an expression and is evaluated for each frame. A
+key frame is forced in case the evaluation is non-zero.
+
The expression in @var{expr} can contain the following constants:
@table @option
@item n
-force_key_frames expr:if(isnan(prev_forced_t),gte(t,13),gte(t,prev_forced_t+5))
@end example
+@item source
+If the argument is @code{source}, ffmpeg will force a key frame if
+the current frame being encoded is marked as a key frame in its source.
+
+@end table
+
Note that forcing too many keyframes is very harmful for the lookahead
algorithms of certain encoders: using fixed-GOP options or similar
would be more efficient.
extension.
@end table
+@item vulkan
+If @var{device} is an integer, it selects the device by its index in a
+system-dependent list of devices. If @var{device} is any other string, it
+selects the first device with a name containing that string as a substring.
+
+The following options are recognized:
+@table @option
+@item debug
+If set to 1, enables the validation layer, if installed.
+@item linear_images
+If set to 1, images allocated by the hwcontext will be linear and locally mappable.
+@item instance_extensions
+A plus separated list of additional instance extensions to enable.
+@item device_extensions
+A plus separated list of additional device extensions to enable.
+@end table
+
+Examples:
+@table @emph
+@item -init_hw_device vulkan:1
+Choose the second device on the system.
+
+@item -init_hw_device vulkan:RADV
+Choose the first device with a name containing the string @emph{RADV}.
+
+@item -init_hw_device vulkan:0,instance_extensions=VK_KHR_wayland_surface+VK_KHR_xcb_surface
+Choose the first device and enable the Wayland and XCB instance extensions.
+@end table
+
@end table
@item -init_hw_device @var{type}[=@var{name}]@@@var{source}
were called immediately before.
@item -hwaccels
-List all hardware acceleration methods supported in this build of ffmpeg.
+List all hardware acceleration components enabled in this build of ffmpeg.
+Actual runtime availability depends on the hardware and its suitable driver
+being installed.
@end table
Show benchmarking information during the encode.
Shows real, system and user time used in various steps (audio/video encode/decode).
@item -timelimit @var{duration} (@emph{global})
-Exit after ffmpeg has been running for @var{duration} seconds.
+Exit after ffmpeg has been running for @var{duration} seconds in CPU user time.
@item -dump (@emph{global})
Dump each input packet to stderr.
@item -hex (@emph{global})
By default @command{ffmpeg} attempts to read the input(s) as fast as possible.
This option will slow down the reading of the input(s) to the native frame rate
of the input(s). It is useful for real-time output (e.g. live streaming).
-@item -loop_output @var{number_of_times}
-Repeatedly loop output for formats that support looping such as animated GIF
-(0 will loop the output infinitely).
-This option is deprecated, use -loop.
@item -vsync @var{parameter}
Video sync method.
For compatibility reasons old values can be specified as numbers.
This option has been deprecated. Use the @code{aresample} audio filter instead.
+@item -adrift_threshold @var{time}
+Set the minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger
+adding/dropping samples to make it match the timestamps. This option effectively is
+a threshold to select between hard (add/drop) and soft (squeeze/stretch) compensation.
+@code{-async} must be set to a positive value.
+
+@item -apad @var{parameters} (@emph{output,per-stream})
+Pad the output audio stream(s). This is the same as applying @code{-af apad}.
+Argument is a string of filter parameters composed the same as with the @code{apad} filter.
+@code{-shortest} must be set for this output for the option to take effect.
+
@item -copyts
Do not process input timestamps, but keep their values without trying
to sanitize them. In particular, do not remove the initial start time
Finish encoding when the shortest input stream ends.
@item -dts_delta_threshold
Timestamp discontinuity delta threshold.
-@item -muxdelay @var{seconds} (@emph{input})
+@item -dts_error_threshold @var{seconds}
+Timestamp error delta threshold. This threshold use to discard crazy/damaged
+timestamps and the default is 30 hours which is arbitrarily picked and quite
+conservative.
+@item -muxdelay @var{seconds} (@emph{output})
Set the maximum demux-decode delay.
-@item -muxpreload @var{seconds} (@emph{input})
+@item -muxpreload @var{seconds} (@emph{output})
Set the initial demux-decode delay.
@item -streamid @var{output-stream-index}:@var{new-value} (@emph{output})
Assign a new stream-id value to an output stream. This option should be
ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay' out.mkv
@end example
+As a special exception, you can use a bitmap subtitle stream as input: it
+will be converted into a video with the same size as the largest video in
+the file, or 720x576 if no video is present. Note that this is an
+experimental and temporary solution. It will be removed once libavfilter has
+proper support for subtitles.
+
+For example, to hardcode subtitles on top of a DVB-T recording stored in
+MPEG-TS format, delaying the subtitles by 1 second:
+@example
+ffmpeg -i input.ts -filter_complex \
+ '[#0x2ef] setpts=PTS+1/TB [sub] ; [#0x2d0] [sub] overlay' \
+ -sn -map '#0x2dc' output.mkv
+@end example
+(0x2d0, 0x2dc and 0x2ef are the MPEG-TS PIDs of respectively the video,
+audio and subtitles streams; 0:0, 0:3 and 0:7 would have worked too)
+
To generate 5 seconds of pure red video using lavfi @code{color} source:
@example
ffmpeg -filter_complex 'color=c=red' -t 5 out.mkv
@item -thread_queue_size @var{size} (@emph{input})
This option sets the maximum number of queued packets when reading from the
file or device. With low latency / high rate live streams, packets may be
-discarded if they are not read in a timely manner; raising this value can
-avoid it.
+discarded if they are not read in a timely manner; setting this value can
+force ffmpeg to use a separate input thread and read packets as soon as they
+arrive. By default ffmpeg only do this if multiple inputs are specified.
@item -sdp_file @var{file} (@emph{global})
Print sdp information for an output stream to @var{file}.
@table @option
@item empty_output
No packets were passed to the muxer, the output is empty.
+@item empty_output_stream
+No packets were passed to the muxer in some of the output streams.
@end table
+@item -max_error_rate (@emph{global})
+Set fraction of decoding frame failures across all inputs which when crossed
+ffmpeg will return exit code 69. Crossing this threshold does not terminate
+processing. Range is a floating-point number between 0 to 1. Default is 2/3.
+
@item -xerror (@emph{global})
Stop and exit on error
The default value of this option should be high enough for most uses, so only
touch this option if you are sure that you need it.
-@end table
-
-As a special exception, you can use a bitmap subtitle stream as input: it
-will be converted into a video with the same size as the largest video in
-the file, or 720x576 if no video is present. Note that this is an
-experimental and temporary solution. It will be removed once libavfilter has
-proper support for subtitles.
+@item -muxing_queue_data_threshold @var{bytes} (@emph{output,per-stream})
+This is a minimum threshold until which the muxing queue size is not taken into
+account. Defaults to 50 megabytes per stream, and is based on the overall size
+of packets passed to the muxer.
+
+@item -auto_conversion_filters (@emph{global})
+Enable automatically inserting format conversion filters in all filter
+graphs, including those defined by @option{-vf}, @option{-af},
+@option{-filter_complex} and @option{-lavfi}. If filter format negotiation
+requires a conversion, the initialization of the filters will fail.
+Conversions can still be performed by inserting the relevant conversion
+filter (scale, aresample) in the graph.
+On by default, to explicitly disable it you need to specify
+@code{-noauto_conversion_filters}.
-For example, to hardcode subtitles on top of a DVB-T recording stored in
-MPEG-TS format, delaying the subtitles by 1 second:
-@example
-ffmpeg -i input.ts -filter_complex \
- '[#0x2ef] setpts=PTS+1/TB [sub] ; [#0x2d0] [sub] overlay' \
- -sn -map '#0x2dc' output.mkv
-@end example
-(0x2d0, 0x2dc and 0x2ef are the MPEG-TS PIDs of respectively the video,
-audio and subtitles streams; 0:0, 0:3 and 0:7 would have worked too)
+@end table
@section Preset files
A preset file contains a sequence of @var{option}=@var{value} pairs,
@ifset config-avfilter
@include filters.texi
@end ifset
+@include general_contents.texi
@end ifset
@chapter See Also
projects / ffmpeg / blobdiff