]> git.sesse.net Git - nageru/blobdiff - futatabi/flow.cpp
Move everything into a separate futatabi/ subdir, for the upcoming merge with Nageru.
[nageru] / futatabi / flow.cpp
diff --git a/futatabi/flow.cpp b/futatabi/flow.cpp
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5125d26
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1141 @@
+#define NO_SDL_GLEXT 1
+
+#include "flow.h"
+
+#include "embedded_files.h"
+#include "gpu_timers.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <deque>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <epoxy/gl.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stack>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *)nullptr + (i))
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// Weighting constants for the different parts of the variational refinement.
+// These don't correspond 1:1 to the values given in the DIS paper,
+// since we have different normalizations and ranges in some cases.
+// These are found through a simple grid search on some MPI-Sintel data,
+// although the error (EPE) seems to be fairly insensitive to the precise values.
+// Only the relative values matter, so we fix alpha (the smoothness constant)
+// at unity and tweak the others.
+//
+// TODO: Maybe this should not be global.
+float vr_alpha = 1.0f, vr_delta = 0.25f, vr_gamma = 0.25f;
+
+// Some global OpenGL objects.
+// TODO: These should really be part of DISComputeFlow.
+GLuint nearest_sampler, linear_sampler, zero_border_sampler;
+GLuint vertex_vbo;
+
+int find_num_levels(int width, int height)
+{
+       int levels = 1;
+       for (int w = width, h = height; w > 1 || h > 1; ) {
+               w >>= 1;
+               h >>= 1;
+               ++levels;
+       }
+       return levels;
+}
+
+string read_file(const string &filename, const unsigned char *start = nullptr, const size_t size = 0)
+{
+       FILE *fp = fopen(filename.c_str(), "r");
+       if (fp == nullptr) {
+               // Fall back to the version we compiled in. (We prefer disk if we can,
+               // since that makes it possible to work on shaders without recompiling
+               // all the time.)
+               if (start != nullptr) {
+                       return string(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(start),
+                               reinterpret_cast<const char *>(start) + size);
+               }
+
+               perror(filename.c_str());
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       int ret = fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+       if (ret == -1) {
+               perror("fseek(SEEK_END)");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       int disk_size = ftell(fp);
+
+       ret = fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
+       if (ret == -1) {
+               perror("fseek(SEEK_SET)");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       string str;
+       str.resize(disk_size);
+       ret = fread(&str[0], disk_size, 1, fp);
+       if (ret == -1) {
+               perror("fread");
+               exit(1);
+       }
+       if (ret == 0) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Short read when trying to read %d bytes from %s\n",
+                       disk_size, filename.c_str());
+               exit(1);
+       }
+       fclose(fp);
+
+       return str;
+}
+
+GLuint compile_shader(const string &shader_src, GLenum type)
+{
+       GLuint obj = glCreateShader(type);
+       const GLchar *source[] = { shader_src.data() };
+       const GLint length[] = { (GLint)shader_src.size() };
+       glShaderSource(obj, 1, source, length);
+       glCompileShader(obj);
+
+       GLchar info_log[4096];
+       GLsizei log_length = sizeof(info_log) - 1;
+       glGetShaderInfoLog(obj, log_length, &log_length, info_log);
+       info_log[log_length] = 0;
+       if (strlen(info_log) > 0) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "Shader compile log: %s\n", info_log);
+       }
+
+       GLint status;
+       glGetShaderiv(obj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
+       if (status == GL_FALSE) {
+               // Add some line numbers to easier identify compile errors.
+               string src_with_lines = "/*   1 */ ";
+               size_t lineno = 1;
+               for (char ch : shader_src) {
+                       src_with_lines.push_back(ch);
+                       if (ch == '\n') {
+                               char buf[32];
+                               snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/* %3zu */ ", ++lineno);
+                               src_with_lines += buf;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               fprintf(stderr, "Failed to compile shader:\n%s\n", src_with_lines.c_str());
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       return obj;
+}
+
+GLuint link_program(GLuint vs_obj, GLuint fs_obj)
+{
+       GLuint program = glCreateProgram();
+       glAttachShader(program, vs_obj);
+       glAttachShader(program, fs_obj);
+       glLinkProgram(program);
+       GLint success;
+       glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
+       if (success == GL_FALSE) {
+               GLchar error_log[1024] = {0};
+               glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 1024, nullptr, error_log);
+               fprintf(stderr, "Error linking program: %s\n", error_log);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+       return program;
+}
+
+void bind_sampler(GLuint program, GLint location, GLuint texture_unit, GLuint tex, GLuint sampler)
+{
+       if (location == -1) {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       glBindTextureUnit(texture_unit, tex);
+       glBindSampler(texture_unit, sampler);
+       glProgramUniform1i(program, location, texture_unit);
+}
+
+template<size_t num_elements>
+void PersistentFBOSet<num_elements>::render_to(const array<GLuint, num_elements> &textures)
+{
+       auto it = fbos.find(textures);
+       if (it != fbos.end()) {
+               glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, it->second);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       GLuint fbo;
+       glCreateFramebuffers(1, &fbo);
+       GLenum bufs[num_elements];
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elements; ++i) {
+               glNamedFramebufferTexture(fbo, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + i, textures[i], 0);
+               bufs[i] = GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + i;
+       }
+       glNamedFramebufferDrawBuffers(fbo, num_elements, bufs);
+
+       fbos[textures] = fbo;
+       glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
+}
+
+template<size_t num_elements>
+void PersistentFBOSetWithDepth<num_elements>::render_to(GLuint depth_rb, const array<GLuint, num_elements> &textures)
+{
+       auto key = make_pair(depth_rb, textures);
+
+       auto it = fbos.find(key);
+       if (it != fbos.end()) {
+               glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, it->second);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       GLuint fbo;
+       glCreateFramebuffers(1, &fbo);
+       GLenum bufs[num_elements];
+       glNamedFramebufferRenderbuffer(fbo, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_RENDERBUFFER, depth_rb);
+       for (size_t i = 0; i < num_elements; ++i) {
+               glNamedFramebufferTexture(fbo, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + i, textures[i], 0);
+               bufs[i] = GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0 + i;
+       }
+       glNamedFramebufferDrawBuffers(fbo, num_elements, bufs);
+
+       fbos[key] = fbo;
+       glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
+}
+
+GrayscaleConversion::GrayscaleConversion()
+{
+       gray_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       gray_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("gray.frag", _binary_gray_frag_data, _binary_gray_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       gray_program = link_program(gray_vs_obj, gray_fs_obj);
+
+       // Set up the VAO containing all the required position/texcoord data.
+       glCreateVertexArrays(1, &gray_vao);
+       glBindVertexArray(gray_vao);
+
+       GLint position_attrib = glGetAttribLocation(gray_program, "position");
+       glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(gray_vao, position_attrib);
+       glVertexAttribPointer(position_attrib, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
+
+       uniform_tex = glGetUniformLocation(gray_program, "tex");
+}
+
+void GrayscaleConversion::exec(GLint tex, GLint gray_tex, int width, int height, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(gray_program);
+       bind_sampler(gray_program, uniform_tex, 0, tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
+       fbos.render_to(gray_tex);
+       glBindVertexArray(gray_vao);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+Sobel::Sobel()
+{
+       sobel_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       sobel_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("sobel.frag", _binary_sobel_frag_data, _binary_sobel_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       sobel_program = link_program(sobel_vs_obj, sobel_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_tex = glGetUniformLocation(sobel_program, "tex");
+}
+
+void Sobel::exec(GLint tex_view, GLint grad_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(sobel_program);
+       bind_sampler(sobel_program, uniform_tex, 0, tex_view, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       fbos.render_to(grad_tex);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+MotionSearch::MotionSearch(const OperatingPoint &op)
+       : op(op)
+{
+       motion_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("motion_search.vert", _binary_motion_search_vert_data, _binary_motion_search_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       motion_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("motion_search.frag", _binary_motion_search_frag_data, _binary_motion_search_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       motion_search_program = link_program(motion_vs_obj, motion_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_inv_image_size = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "inv_image_size");
+       uniform_inv_prev_level_size = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "inv_prev_level_size");
+       uniform_out_flow_size = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "out_flow_size");
+       uniform_image_tex = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "image_tex");
+       uniform_grad_tex = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "grad_tex");
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "flow_tex");
+       uniform_patch_size = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "patch_size");
+       uniform_num_iterations = glGetUniformLocation(motion_search_program, "num_iterations");
+}
+
+void MotionSearch::exec(GLuint tex_view, GLuint grad_tex, GLuint flow_tex, GLuint flow_out_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int prev_level_width, int prev_level_height, int width_patches, int height_patches, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(motion_search_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(motion_search_program, uniform_image_tex, 0, tex_view, linear_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(motion_search_program, uniform_grad_tex, 1, grad_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(motion_search_program, uniform_flow_tex, 2, flow_tex, linear_sampler);
+
+       glProgramUniform2f(motion_search_program, uniform_inv_image_size, 1.0f / level_width, 1.0f / level_height);
+       glProgramUniform2f(motion_search_program, uniform_inv_prev_level_size, 1.0f / prev_level_width, 1.0f / prev_level_height);
+       glProgramUniform2f(motion_search_program, uniform_out_flow_size, width_patches, height_patches);
+       glProgramUniform1ui(motion_search_program, uniform_patch_size, op.patch_size_pixels);
+       glProgramUniform1ui(motion_search_program, uniform_num_iterations, op.search_iterations);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, width_patches, height_patches);
+       fbos.render_to(flow_out_tex);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+Densify::Densify(const OperatingPoint &op)
+       : op(op)
+{
+       densify_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("densify.vert", _binary_densify_vert_data, _binary_densify_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       densify_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("densify.frag", _binary_densify_frag_data, _binary_densify_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       densify_program = link_program(densify_vs_obj, densify_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_patch_size = glGetUniformLocation(densify_program, "patch_size");
+       uniform_image_tex = glGetUniformLocation(densify_program, "image_tex");
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(densify_program, "flow_tex");
+}
+
+void Densify::exec(GLuint tex_view, GLuint flow_tex, GLuint dense_flow_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int width_patches, int height_patches, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(densify_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(densify_program, uniform_image_tex, 0, tex_view, linear_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(densify_program, uniform_flow_tex, 1, flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glProgramUniform2f(densify_program, uniform_patch_size,
+               float(op.patch_size_pixels) / level_width,
+               float(op.patch_size_pixels) / level_height);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+       glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);
+       fbos.render_to(dense_flow_tex);
+       glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+       glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, width_patches * height_patches * num_layers);
+}
+
+Prewarp::Prewarp()
+{
+       prewarp_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       prewarp_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("prewarp.frag", _binary_prewarp_frag_data, _binary_prewarp_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       prewarp_program = link_program(prewarp_vs_obj, prewarp_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_image_tex = glGetUniformLocation(prewarp_program, "image_tex");
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(prewarp_program, "flow_tex");
+}
+
+void Prewarp::exec(GLuint tex_view, GLuint flow_tex, GLuint I_tex, GLuint I_t_tex, GLuint normalized_flow_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(prewarp_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(prewarp_program, uniform_image_tex, 0, tex_view, linear_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(prewarp_program, uniform_flow_tex, 1, flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       fbos.render_to(I_tex, I_t_tex, normalized_flow_tex);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+Derivatives::Derivatives()
+{
+       derivatives_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       derivatives_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("derivatives.frag", _binary_derivatives_frag_data, _binary_derivatives_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       derivatives_program = link_program(derivatives_vs_obj, derivatives_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_tex = glGetUniformLocation(derivatives_program, "tex");
+}
+
+void Derivatives::exec(GLuint input_tex, GLuint I_x_y_tex, GLuint beta_0_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(derivatives_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(derivatives_program, uniform_tex, 0, input_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       fbos.render_to(I_x_y_tex, beta_0_tex);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+ComputeDiffusivity::ComputeDiffusivity()
+{
+       diffusivity_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       diffusivity_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("diffusivity.frag", _binary_diffusivity_frag_data, _binary_diffusivity_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       diffusivity_program = link_program(diffusivity_vs_obj, diffusivity_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(diffusivity_program, "flow_tex");
+       uniform_diff_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(diffusivity_program, "diff_flow_tex");
+       uniform_alpha = glGetUniformLocation(diffusivity_program, "alpha");
+       uniform_zero_diff_flow = glGetUniformLocation(diffusivity_program, "zero_diff_flow");
+}
+
+void ComputeDiffusivity::exec(GLuint flow_tex, GLuint diff_flow_tex, GLuint diffusivity_tex, int level_width, int level_height, bool zero_diff_flow, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(diffusivity_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(diffusivity_program, uniform_flow_tex, 0, flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(diffusivity_program, uniform_diff_flow_tex, 1, diff_flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       glProgramUniform1f(diffusivity_program, uniform_alpha, vr_alpha);
+       glProgramUniform1i(diffusivity_program, uniform_zero_diff_flow, zero_diff_flow);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       fbos.render_to(diffusivity_tex);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+SetupEquations::SetupEquations()
+{
+       equations_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("equations.vert", _binary_equations_vert_data, _binary_equations_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       equations_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("equations.frag", _binary_equations_frag_data, _binary_equations_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       equations_program = link_program(equations_vs_obj, equations_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_I_x_y_tex = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "I_x_y_tex");
+       uniform_I_t_tex = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "I_t_tex");
+       uniform_diff_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "diff_flow_tex");
+       uniform_base_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "base_flow_tex");
+       uniform_beta_0_tex = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "beta_0_tex");
+       uniform_diffusivity_tex = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "diffusivity_tex");
+       uniform_gamma = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "gamma");
+       uniform_delta = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "delta");
+       uniform_zero_diff_flow = glGetUniformLocation(equations_program, "zero_diff_flow");
+}
+
+void SetupEquations::exec(GLuint I_x_y_tex, GLuint I_t_tex, GLuint diff_flow_tex, GLuint base_flow_tex, GLuint beta_0_tex, GLuint diffusivity_tex, GLuint equation_red_tex, GLuint equation_black_tex, int level_width, int level_height, bool zero_diff_flow, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(equations_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(equations_program, uniform_I_x_y_tex, 0, I_x_y_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(equations_program, uniform_I_t_tex, 1, I_t_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(equations_program, uniform_diff_flow_tex, 2, diff_flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(equations_program, uniform_base_flow_tex, 3, base_flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(equations_program, uniform_beta_0_tex, 4, beta_0_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(equations_program, uniform_diffusivity_tex, 5, diffusivity_tex, zero_border_sampler);
+       glProgramUniform1f(equations_program, uniform_delta, vr_delta);
+       glProgramUniform1f(equations_program, uniform_gamma, vr_gamma);
+       glProgramUniform1i(equations_program, uniform_zero_diff_flow, zero_diff_flow);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, (level_width + 1) / 2, level_height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       fbos.render_to(equation_red_tex, equation_black_tex);
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+SOR::SOR()
+{
+       sor_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("sor.vert", _binary_sor_vert_data, _binary_sor_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       sor_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("sor.frag", _binary_sor_frag_data, _binary_sor_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       sor_program = link_program(sor_vs_obj, sor_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_diff_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(sor_program, "diff_flow_tex");
+       uniform_equation_red_tex = glGetUniformLocation(sor_program, "equation_red_tex");
+       uniform_equation_black_tex = glGetUniformLocation(sor_program, "equation_black_tex");
+       uniform_diffusivity_tex = glGetUniformLocation(sor_program, "diffusivity_tex");
+       uniform_phase = glGetUniformLocation(sor_program, "phase");
+       uniform_num_nonzero_phases = glGetUniformLocation(sor_program, "num_nonzero_phases");
+}
+
+void SOR::exec(GLuint diff_flow_tex, GLuint equation_red_tex, GLuint equation_black_tex, GLuint diffusivity_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int num_iterations, bool zero_diff_flow, int num_layers, ScopedTimer *sor_timer)
+{
+       glUseProgram(sor_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(sor_program, uniform_diff_flow_tex, 0, diff_flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(sor_program, uniform_diffusivity_tex, 1, diffusivity_tex, zero_border_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(sor_program, uniform_equation_red_tex, 2, equation_red_tex, nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(sor_program, uniform_equation_black_tex, 3, equation_black_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       if (!zero_diff_flow) {
+               glProgramUniform1i(sor_program, uniform_num_nonzero_phases, 2);
+       }
+
+       // NOTE: We bind to the texture we are rendering from, but we never write any value
+       // that we read in the same shader pass (we call discard for red values when we compute
+       // black, and vice versa), and we have barriers between the passes, so we're fine
+       // as per the spec.
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       fbos.render_to(diff_flow_tex);
+
+       for (int i = 0; i < num_iterations; ++i) {
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Red pass", sor_timer);
+                       if (zero_diff_flow && i == 0) {
+                               glProgramUniform1i(sor_program, uniform_num_nonzero_phases, 0);
+                       }
+                       glProgramUniform1i(sor_program, uniform_phase, 0);
+                       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+                       glTextureBarrier();
+               }
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Black pass", sor_timer);
+                       if (zero_diff_flow && i == 0) {
+                               glProgramUniform1i(sor_program, uniform_num_nonzero_phases, 1);
+                       }
+                       glProgramUniform1i(sor_program, uniform_phase, 1);
+                       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+                       if (zero_diff_flow && i == 0) {
+                               glProgramUniform1i(sor_program, uniform_num_nonzero_phases, 2);
+                       }
+                       if (i != num_iterations - 1) {
+                               glTextureBarrier();
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+AddBaseFlow::AddBaseFlow()
+{
+       add_flow_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       add_flow_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("add_base_flow.frag", _binary_add_base_flow_frag_data, _binary_add_base_flow_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       add_flow_program = link_program(add_flow_vs_obj, add_flow_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_diff_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(add_flow_program, "diff_flow_tex");
+}
+
+void AddBaseFlow::exec(GLuint base_flow_tex, GLuint diff_flow_tex, int level_width, int level_height, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(add_flow_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(add_flow_program, uniform_diff_flow_tex, 0, diff_flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+       glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE);
+       fbos.render_to(base_flow_tex);
+
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+ResizeFlow::ResizeFlow()
+{
+       resize_flow_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       resize_flow_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("resize_flow.frag", _binary_resize_flow_frag_data, _binary_resize_flow_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       resize_flow_program = link_program(resize_flow_vs_obj, resize_flow_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(resize_flow_program, "flow_tex");
+       uniform_scale_factor = glGetUniformLocation(resize_flow_program, "scale_factor");
+}
+
+void ResizeFlow::exec(GLuint flow_tex, GLuint out_tex, int input_width, int input_height, int output_width, int output_height, int num_layers)
+{
+       glUseProgram(resize_flow_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(resize_flow_program, uniform_flow_tex, 0, flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glProgramUniform2f(resize_flow_program, uniform_scale_factor, float(output_width) / input_width, float(output_height) / input_height);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, output_width, output_height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       fbos.render_to(out_tex);
+
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, num_layers);
+}
+
+DISComputeFlow::DISComputeFlow(int width, int height, const OperatingPoint &op)
+       : width(width), height(height), op(op), motion_search(op), densify(op)
+{
+       // Make some samplers.
+       glCreateSamplers(1, &nearest_sampler);
+       glSamplerParameteri(nearest_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+       glSamplerParameteri(nearest_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
+       glSamplerParameteri(nearest_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+       glSamplerParameteri(nearest_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+
+       glCreateSamplers(1, &linear_sampler);
+       glSamplerParameteri(linear_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+       glSamplerParameteri(linear_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+       glSamplerParameteri(linear_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+       glSamplerParameteri(linear_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+
+       // The smoothness is sampled so that once we get to a smoothness involving
+       // a value outside the border, the diffusivity between the two becomes zero.
+       // Similarly, gradients are zero outside the border, since the edge is taken
+       // to be constant.
+       glCreateSamplers(1, &zero_border_sampler);
+       glSamplerParameteri(zero_border_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+       glSamplerParameteri(zero_border_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+       glSamplerParameteri(zero_border_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
+       glSamplerParameteri(zero_border_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER);
+       float zero[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };  // Note that zero alpha means we can also see whether we sampled outside the border or not.
+       glSamplerParameterfv(zero_border_sampler, GL_TEXTURE_BORDER_COLOR, zero);
+
+       // Initial flow is zero, 1x1.
+       glCreateTextures(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 1, &initial_flow_tex);
+       glTextureStorage3D(initial_flow_tex, 1, GL_RG16F, 1, 1, 1);
+       glClearTexImage(initial_flow_tex, 0, GL_RG, GL_FLOAT, nullptr);
+
+       // Set up the vertex data that will be shared between all passes.
+       float vertices[] = {
+               0.0f, 1.0f,
+               0.0f, 0.0f,
+               1.0f, 1.0f,
+               1.0f, 0.0f,
+       };
+       glCreateBuffers(1, &vertex_vbo);
+       glNamedBufferData(vertex_vbo, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+       glCreateVertexArrays(1, &vao);
+       glBindVertexArray(vao);
+       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_vbo);
+
+       GLint position_attrib = 0;  // Hard-coded in every vertex shader.
+       glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vao, position_attrib);
+       glVertexAttribPointer(position_attrib, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
+}
+
+GLuint DISComputeFlow::exec(GLuint tex, FlowDirection flow_direction, ResizeStrategy resize_strategy)
+{
+       int num_layers = (flow_direction == FORWARD_AND_BACKWARD) ? 2 : 1;
+       int prev_level_width = 1, prev_level_height = 1;
+       GLuint prev_level_flow_tex = initial_flow_tex;
+
+       GPUTimers timers;
+
+       glBindVertexArray(vao);
+       glDisable(GL_DITHER);
+
+       ScopedTimer total_timer("Compute flow", &timers);
+       for (int level = op.coarsest_level; level >= int(op.finest_level); --level) {
+               char timer_name[256];
+               snprintf(timer_name, sizeof(timer_name), "Level %d (%d x %d)", level, width >> level, height >> level);
+               ScopedTimer level_timer(timer_name, &total_timer);
+
+               int level_width = width >> level;
+               int level_height = height >> level;
+               float patch_spacing_pixels = op.patch_size_pixels * (1.0f - op.patch_overlap_ratio);
+
+               // Make sure we have patches at least every Nth pixel, e.g. for width=9
+               // and patch_spacing=3 (the default), we put out patch centers in
+               // x=0, x=3, x=6, x=9, which is four patches. The fragment shader will
+               // lock all the centers to integer coordinates if needed.
+               int width_patches = 1 + ceil(level_width / patch_spacing_pixels);
+               int height_patches = 1 + ceil(level_height / patch_spacing_pixels);
+
+               // Make sure we always read from the correct level; the chosen
+               // mipmapping could otherwise be rather unpredictable, especially
+               // during motion search.
+               GLuint tex_view;
+               glGenTextures(1, &tex_view);
+               glTextureView(tex_view, GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, tex, GL_R8, level, 1, 0, 2);
+
+               // Create a new texture to hold the gradients.
+               GLuint grad_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_R32UI, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+
+               // Find the derivative.
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Sobel", &level_timer);
+                       sobel.exec(tex_view, grad_tex, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+               }
+
+               // Motion search to find the initial flow. We use the flow from the previous
+               // level (sampled bilinearly; no fancy tricks) as a guide, then search from there.
+
+               // Create an output flow texture.
+               GLuint flow_out_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RGB16F, width_patches, height_patches, num_layers);
+
+               // And draw.
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Motion search", &level_timer);
+                       motion_search.exec(tex_view, grad_tex, prev_level_flow_tex, flow_out_tex, level_width, level_height, prev_level_width, prev_level_height, width_patches, height_patches, num_layers);
+               }
+               pool.release_texture(grad_tex);
+
+               // Densification.
+
+               // Set up an output texture (cleared in Densify).
+               GLuint dense_flow_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RGB16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+
+               // And draw.
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Densification", &level_timer);
+                       densify.exec(tex_view, flow_out_tex, dense_flow_tex, level_width, level_height, width_patches, height_patches, num_layers);
+               }
+               pool.release_texture(flow_out_tex);
+
+               // Everything below here in the loop belongs to variational refinement.
+               ScopedTimer varref_timer("Variational refinement", &level_timer);
+
+               // Prewarping; create I and I_t, and a normalized base flow (so we don't
+               // have to normalize it over and over again, and also save some bandwidth).
+               //
+               // During the entire rest of the variational refinement, flow will be measured
+               // in pixels, not 0..1 normalized OpenGL texture coordinates.
+               // This is because variational refinement depends so heavily on derivatives,
+               // which are measured in intensity levels per pixel.
+               GLuint I_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_R16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+               GLuint I_t_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_R16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+               GLuint base_flow_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Prewarping", &varref_timer);
+                       prewarp.exec(tex_view, dense_flow_tex, I_tex, I_t_tex, base_flow_tex, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+               }
+               pool.release_texture(dense_flow_tex);
+               glDeleteTextures(1, &tex_view);
+
+               // TODO: If we don't have variational refinement, we don't need I and I_t,
+               // so computing them is a waste.
+               if (op.variational_refinement) {
+                       // Calculate I_x and I_y. We're only calculating first derivatives;
+                       // the others will be taken on-the-fly in order to sample from fewer
+                       // textures overall, since sampling from the L1 cache is cheap.
+                       // (TODO: Verify that this is indeed faster than making separate
+                       // double-derivative textures.)
+                       GLuint I_x_y_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+                       GLuint beta_0_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_R16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+                       {
+                               ScopedTimer timer("First derivatives", &varref_timer);
+                               derivatives.exec(I_tex, I_x_y_tex, beta_0_tex, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+                       }
+                       pool.release_texture(I_tex);
+
+                       // We need somewhere to store du and dv (the flow increment, relative
+                       // to the non-refined base flow u0 and v0). It's initially garbage,
+                       // but not read until we've written something sane to it.
+                       GLuint diff_flow_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+
+                       // And for diffusivity.
+                       GLuint diffusivity_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_R16F, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+
+                       // And finally for the equation set. See SetupEquations for
+                       // the storage format.
+                       GLuint equation_red_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RGBA32UI, (level_width + 1) / 2, level_height, num_layers);
+                       GLuint equation_black_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RGBA32UI, (level_width + 1) / 2, level_height, num_layers);
+
+                       for (int outer_idx = 0; outer_idx < level + 1; ++outer_idx) {
+                               // Calculate the diffusivity term for each pixel.
+                               {
+                                       ScopedTimer timer("Compute diffusivity", &varref_timer);
+                                       compute_diffusivity.exec(base_flow_tex, diff_flow_tex, diffusivity_tex, level_width, level_height, outer_idx == 0, num_layers);
+                               }
+
+                               // Set up the 2x2 equation system for each pixel.
+                               {
+                                       ScopedTimer timer("Set up equations", &varref_timer);
+                                       setup_equations.exec(I_x_y_tex, I_t_tex, diff_flow_tex, base_flow_tex, beta_0_tex, diffusivity_tex, equation_red_tex, equation_black_tex, level_width, level_height, outer_idx == 0, num_layers);
+                               }
+
+                               // Run a few SOR iterations. Note that these are to/from the same texture.
+                               {
+                                       ScopedTimer timer("SOR", &varref_timer);
+                                       sor.exec(diff_flow_tex, equation_red_tex, equation_black_tex, diffusivity_tex, level_width, level_height, 5, outer_idx == 0, num_layers, &timer);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       pool.release_texture(I_t_tex);
+                       pool.release_texture(I_x_y_tex);
+                       pool.release_texture(beta_0_tex);
+                       pool.release_texture(diffusivity_tex);
+                       pool.release_texture(equation_red_tex);
+                       pool.release_texture(equation_black_tex);
+
+                       // Add the differential flow found by the variational refinement to the base flow,
+                       // giving the final flow estimate for this level.
+                       // The output is in base_flow_tex; we don't need to make a new texture.
+                       {
+                               ScopedTimer timer("Add differential flow", &varref_timer);
+                               add_base_flow.exec(base_flow_tex, diff_flow_tex, level_width, level_height, num_layers);
+                       }
+                       pool.release_texture(diff_flow_tex);
+               }
+
+               if (prev_level_flow_tex != initial_flow_tex) {
+                       pool.release_texture(prev_level_flow_tex);
+               }
+               prev_level_flow_tex = base_flow_tex;
+               prev_level_width = level_width;
+               prev_level_height = level_height;
+       }
+       total_timer.end();
+
+       if (!in_warmup) {
+               timers.print();
+       }
+
+       // Scale up the flow to the final size (if needed).
+       if (op.finest_level == 0 || resize_strategy == DO_NOT_RESIZE_FLOW) {
+               return prev_level_flow_tex;
+       } else {
+               GLuint final_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, width, height, num_layers);
+               resize_flow.exec(prev_level_flow_tex, final_tex, prev_level_width, prev_level_height, width, height, num_layers);
+               pool.release_texture(prev_level_flow_tex);
+               return final_tex;
+       }
+}
+
+Splat::Splat(const OperatingPoint &op)
+       : op(op)
+{
+       splat_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("splat.vert", _binary_splat_vert_data, _binary_splat_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       splat_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("splat.frag", _binary_splat_frag_data, _binary_splat_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       splat_program = link_program(splat_vs_obj, splat_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_splat_size = glGetUniformLocation(splat_program, "splat_size");
+       uniform_alpha = glGetUniformLocation(splat_program, "alpha");
+       uniform_gray_tex = glGetUniformLocation(splat_program, "gray_tex");
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(splat_program, "flow_tex");
+       uniform_inv_flow_size = glGetUniformLocation(splat_program, "inv_flow_size");
+}
+
+void Splat::exec(GLuint gray_tex, GLuint bidirectional_flow_tex, GLuint flow_tex, GLuint depth_rb, int width, int height, float alpha)
+{
+       glUseProgram(splat_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(splat_program, uniform_gray_tex, 0, gray_tex, linear_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(splat_program, uniform_flow_tex, 1, bidirectional_flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glProgramUniform2f(splat_program, uniform_splat_size, op.splat_size / width, op.splat_size / height);
+       glProgramUniform1f(splat_program, uniform_alpha, alpha);
+       glProgramUniform2f(splat_program, uniform_inv_flow_size, 1.0f / width, 1.0f / height);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+       glDepthMask(GL_TRUE);
+       glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);  // We store the difference between I_0 and I_1, where less difference is good. (Default 1.0 is effectively +inf, which always loses.)
+
+       fbos.render_to(depth_rb, flow_tex);
+
+       // Evidently NVIDIA doesn't use fast clears for glClearTexImage, so clear now that
+       // we've got it bound.
+       glClearColor(1000.0f, 1000.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);  // Invalid flow.
+       glClearDepth(1.0f);  // Effectively infinity.
+       glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+       glDrawArraysInstanced(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4, width * height * 2);
+
+       glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+}
+
+HoleFill::HoleFill()
+{
+       fill_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("hole_fill.vert", _binary_hole_fill_vert_data, _binary_hole_fill_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       fill_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("hole_fill.frag", _binary_hole_fill_frag_data, _binary_hole_fill_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       fill_program = link_program(fill_vs_obj, fill_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_tex = glGetUniformLocation(fill_program, "tex");
+       uniform_z = glGetUniformLocation(fill_program, "z");
+       uniform_sample_offset = glGetUniformLocation(fill_program, "sample_offset");
+}
+
+void HoleFill::exec(GLuint flow_tex, GLuint depth_rb, GLuint temp_tex[3], int width, int height)
+{
+       glUseProgram(fill_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(fill_program, uniform_tex, 0, flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glProgramUniform1f(fill_program, uniform_z, 1.0f - 1.0f / 1024.0f);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+       glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);  // Only update the values > 0.999f (ie., only invalid pixels).
+
+       fbos.render_to(depth_rb, flow_tex);  // NOTE: Reading and writing to the same texture.
+
+       // Fill holes from the left, by shifting 1, 2, 4, 8, etc. pixels to the right.
+       for (int offs = 1; offs < width; offs *= 2) {
+               glProgramUniform2f(fill_program, uniform_sample_offset, -offs / float(width), 0.0f);
+               glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+               glTextureBarrier();
+       }
+       glCopyImageSubData(flow_tex, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, temp_tex[0], GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, width, height, 1);
+
+       // Similar to the right; adjust Z a bit down, so that we re-fill the pixels that
+       // were overwritten in the last algorithm.
+       glProgramUniform1f(fill_program, uniform_z, 1.0f - 2.0f / 1024.0f);
+       for (int offs = 1; offs < width; offs *= 2) {
+               glProgramUniform2f(fill_program, uniform_sample_offset, offs / float(width), 0.0f);
+               glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+               glTextureBarrier();
+       }
+       glCopyImageSubData(flow_tex, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, temp_tex[1], GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, width, height, 1);
+
+       // Up.
+       glProgramUniform1f(fill_program, uniform_z, 1.0f - 3.0f / 1024.0f);
+       for (int offs = 1; offs < height; offs *= 2) {
+               glProgramUniform2f(fill_program, uniform_sample_offset, 0.0f, -offs / float(height));
+               glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+               glTextureBarrier();
+       }
+       glCopyImageSubData(flow_tex, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, temp_tex[2], GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, 0, width, height, 1);
+
+       // Down.
+       glProgramUniform1f(fill_program, uniform_z, 1.0f - 4.0f / 1024.0f);
+       for (int offs = 1; offs < height; offs *= 2) {
+               glProgramUniform2f(fill_program, uniform_sample_offset, 0.0f, offs / float(height));
+               glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+               glTextureBarrier();
+       }
+
+       glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+}
+
+HoleBlend::HoleBlend()
+{
+       blend_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("hole_fill.vert", _binary_hole_fill_vert_data, _binary_hole_fill_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);  // Reuse the vertex shader from the fill.
+       blend_fs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("hole_blend.frag", _binary_hole_blend_frag_data, _binary_hole_blend_frag_size), GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       blend_program = link_program(blend_vs_obj, blend_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_left_tex = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "left_tex");
+       uniform_right_tex = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "right_tex");
+       uniform_up_tex = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "up_tex");
+       uniform_down_tex = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "down_tex");
+       uniform_z = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "z");
+       uniform_sample_offset = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "sample_offset");
+}
+
+void HoleBlend::exec(GLuint flow_tex, GLuint depth_rb, GLuint temp_tex[3], int width, int height)
+{
+       glUseProgram(blend_program);
+
+       bind_sampler(blend_program, uniform_left_tex, 0, temp_tex[0], nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(blend_program, uniform_right_tex, 1, temp_tex[1], nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(blend_program, uniform_up_tex, 2, temp_tex[2], nearest_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(blend_program, uniform_down_tex, 3, flow_tex, nearest_sampler);
+
+       glProgramUniform1f(blend_program, uniform_z, 1.0f - 4.0f / 1024.0f);
+       glProgramUniform2f(blend_program, uniform_sample_offset, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+       glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+       glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);  // Skip over all of the pixels that were never holes to begin with.
+
+       fbos.render_to(depth_rb, flow_tex);  // NOTE: Reading and writing to the same texture.
+
+       glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+
+       glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+}
+
+Blend::Blend(bool split_ycbcr_output)
+       : split_ycbcr_output(split_ycbcr_output)
+{
+       string frag_shader = read_file("blend.frag", _binary_blend_frag_data, _binary_blend_frag_size);
+       if (split_ycbcr_output) {
+               // Insert after the first #version line.
+               size_t offset = frag_shader.find('\n');
+               assert(offset != string::npos);
+               frag_shader = frag_shader.substr(0, offset + 1) + "#define SPLIT_YCBCR_OUTPUT 1\n" + frag_shader.substr(offset + 1);
+       }
+
+       blend_vs_obj = compile_shader(read_file("vs.vert", _binary_vs_vert_data, _binary_vs_vert_size), GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+       blend_fs_obj = compile_shader(frag_shader, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+       blend_program = link_program(blend_vs_obj, blend_fs_obj);
+
+       uniform_image_tex = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "image_tex");
+       uniform_flow_tex = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "flow_tex");
+       uniform_alpha = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "alpha");
+       uniform_flow_consistency_tolerance = glGetUniformLocation(blend_program, "flow_consistency_tolerance");
+}
+
+void Blend::exec(GLuint image_tex, GLuint flow_tex, GLuint output_tex, GLuint output2_tex, int level_width, int level_height, float alpha)
+{
+       glUseProgram(blend_program);
+       bind_sampler(blend_program, uniform_image_tex, 0, image_tex, linear_sampler);
+       bind_sampler(blend_program, uniform_flow_tex, 1, flow_tex, linear_sampler);  // May be upsampled.
+       glProgramUniform1f(blend_program, uniform_alpha, alpha);
+
+       glViewport(0, 0, level_width, level_height);
+       if (split_ycbcr_output) {
+               fbos_split.render_to(output_tex, output2_tex);
+       } else {
+               fbos.render_to(output_tex);
+       }
+       glDisable(GL_BLEND);  // A bit ironic, perhaps.
+       glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
+}
+
+Interpolate::Interpolate(const OperatingPoint &op, bool split_ycbcr_output)
+       : flow_level(op.finest_level),
+         split_ycbcr_output(split_ycbcr_output),
+         splat(op),
+         blend(split_ycbcr_output) {
+       // Set up the vertex data that will be shared between all passes.
+       float vertices[] = {
+               0.0f, 1.0f,
+               0.0f, 0.0f,
+               1.0f, 1.0f,
+               1.0f, 0.0f,
+       };
+       glCreateBuffers(1, &vertex_vbo);
+       glNamedBufferData(vertex_vbo, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
+
+       glCreateVertexArrays(1, &vao);
+       glBindVertexArray(vao);
+       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_vbo);
+
+       GLint position_attrib = 0;  // Hard-coded in every vertex shader.
+       glEnableVertexArrayAttrib(vao, position_attrib);
+       glVertexAttribPointer(position_attrib, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, BUFFER_OFFSET(0));
+}
+
+pair<GLuint, GLuint> Interpolate::exec(GLuint image_tex, GLuint gray_tex, GLuint bidirectional_flow_tex, GLuint width, GLuint height, float alpha)
+{
+       GPUTimers timers;
+
+       ScopedTimer total_timer("Interpolate", &timers);
+
+       glBindVertexArray(vao);
+       glDisable(GL_DITHER);
+
+       // Pick out the right level to test splatting results on.
+       GLuint tex_view;
+       glGenTextures(1, &tex_view);
+       glTextureView(tex_view, GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, gray_tex, GL_R8, flow_level, 1, 0, 2);
+
+       int flow_width = width >> flow_level;
+       int flow_height = height >> flow_level;
+
+       GLuint flow_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, flow_width, flow_height);
+       GLuint depth_rb = pool.get_renderbuffer(GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16, flow_width, flow_height);  // Used for ranking flows.
+
+       {
+               ScopedTimer timer("Splat", &total_timer);
+               splat.exec(tex_view, bidirectional_flow_tex, flow_tex, depth_rb, flow_width, flow_height, alpha);
+       }
+       glDeleteTextures(1, &tex_view);
+
+       GLuint temp_tex[3];
+       temp_tex[0] = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, flow_width, flow_height);
+       temp_tex[1] = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, flow_width, flow_height);
+       temp_tex[2] = pool.get_texture(GL_RG16F, flow_width, flow_height);
+
+       {
+               ScopedTimer timer("Fill holes", &total_timer);
+               hole_fill.exec(flow_tex, depth_rb, temp_tex, flow_width, flow_height);
+               hole_blend.exec(flow_tex, depth_rb, temp_tex, flow_width, flow_height);
+       }
+
+       pool.release_texture(temp_tex[0]);
+       pool.release_texture(temp_tex[1]);
+       pool.release_texture(temp_tex[2]);
+       pool.release_renderbuffer(depth_rb);
+
+       GLuint output_tex, output2_tex = 0;
+       if (split_ycbcr_output) {
+               output_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_R8, width, height);
+               output2_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RG8, width, height);
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Blend", &total_timer);
+                       blend.exec(image_tex, flow_tex, output_tex, output2_tex, width, height, alpha);
+               }
+       } else {
+               output_tex = pool.get_texture(GL_RGBA8, width, height);
+               {
+                       ScopedTimer timer("Blend", &total_timer);
+                       blend.exec(image_tex, flow_tex, output_tex, 0, width, height, alpha);
+               }
+       }
+       pool.release_texture(flow_tex);
+       total_timer.end();
+       if (!in_warmup) {
+               timers.print();
+       }
+
+       return make_pair(output_tex, output2_tex);
+}
+
+GLuint TexturePool::get_texture(GLenum format, GLuint width, GLuint height, GLuint num_layers)
+{
+       {
+               lock_guard<mutex> lock(mu);
+               for (Texture &tex : textures) {
+                       if (!tex.in_use && !tex.is_renderbuffer && tex.format == format &&
+                           tex.width == width && tex.height == height && tex.num_layers == num_layers) {
+                               tex.in_use = true;
+                               return tex.tex_num;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       Texture tex;
+       if (num_layers == 0) {
+               glCreateTextures(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 1, &tex.tex_num);
+               glTextureStorage2D(tex.tex_num, 1, format, width, height);
+       } else {
+               glCreateTextures(GL_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY, 1, &tex.tex_num);
+               glTextureStorage3D(tex.tex_num, 1, format, width, height, num_layers);
+       }
+       tex.format = format;
+       tex.width = width;
+       tex.height = height;
+       tex.num_layers = num_layers;
+       tex.in_use = true;
+       tex.is_renderbuffer = false;
+       {
+               lock_guard<mutex> lock(mu);
+               textures.push_back(tex);
+       }
+       return tex.tex_num;
+}
+
+GLuint TexturePool::get_renderbuffer(GLenum format, GLuint width, GLuint height)
+{
+       {
+               lock_guard<mutex> lock(mu);
+               for (Texture &tex : textures) {
+                       if (!tex.in_use && tex.is_renderbuffer && tex.format == format &&
+                           tex.width == width && tex.height == height) {
+                               tex.in_use = true;
+                               return tex.tex_num;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       Texture tex;
+       glCreateRenderbuffers(1, &tex.tex_num);
+       glNamedRenderbufferStorage(tex.tex_num, format, width, height);
+
+       tex.format = format;
+       tex.width = width;
+       tex.height = height;
+       tex.in_use = true;
+       tex.is_renderbuffer = true;
+       {
+               lock_guard<mutex> lock(mu);
+               textures.push_back(tex);
+       }
+       return tex.tex_num;
+}
+
+void TexturePool::release_texture(GLuint tex_num)
+{
+       lock_guard<mutex> lock(mu);
+       for (Texture &tex : textures) {
+               if (!tex.is_renderbuffer && tex.tex_num == tex_num) {
+                       assert(tex.in_use);
+                       tex.in_use = false;
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+       assert(false);
+}
+
+void TexturePool::release_renderbuffer(GLuint tex_num)
+{
+       lock_guard<mutex> lock(mu);
+       for (Texture &tex : textures) {
+               if (tex.is_renderbuffer && tex.tex_num == tex_num) {
+                       assert(tex.in_use);
+                       tex.in_use = false;
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+       //assert(false);
+}