]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
Update bcachefs sources to 400f275d46 bcachefs: Fix check_overlapping_extents()
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / btree_gc.c
index 214529b613f97c40f7d8733269ce3a928fadddc0..02154c38ec14960b60a32f2681b3c65dec524901 100644 (file)
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "reflink.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
@@ -35,7 +36,6 @@
 #include <linux/preempt.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
-#include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
 #define DROP_THIS_NODE         10
 #define DROP_PREV_NODE         11
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
        if (cur.k->k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) {
                struct bkey_i_btree_ptr_v2 *bp = bkey_i_to_btree_ptr_v2(cur.k);
 
-               if (bpos_cmp(expected_start, bp->v.min_key)) {
+               if (!bpos_eq(expected_start, bp->v.min_key)) {
                        bch2_topology_error(c);
 
                        if (bkey_deleted(&prev->k->k)) {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
                                  buf1.buf, buf2.buf) &&
                            !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags)) {
                                bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
-                               ret = FSCK_ERR_START_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR;
+                               ret = -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair;
                                goto err;
                        } else {
                                set_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_UNFIXED, &c->flags);
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
                }
        }
 
-       if (is_last && bpos_cmp(cur.k->k.p, node_end)) {
+       if (is_last && !bpos_eq(cur.k->k.p, node_end)) {
                bch2_topology_error(c);
 
                printbuf_reset(&buf1);
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
                          buf1.buf, buf2.buf) &&
                    !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags)) {
                        bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
-                       ret = FSCK_ERR_START_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair;
                        goto err;
                } else {
                        set_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_UNFIXED, &c->flags);
@@ -165,10 +165,11 @@ static void btree_ptr_to_v2(struct btree *b, struct bkey_i_btree_ptr_v2 *dst)
        }
 }
 
-static void bch2_btree_node_update_key_early(struct bch_fs *c,
+static void bch2_btree_node_update_key_early(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                             enum btree_id btree, unsigned level,
                                             struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_i *new)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree *b;
        struct bkey_buf tmp;
        int ret;
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ static void bch2_btree_node_update_key_early(struct bch_fs *c,
        bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
        bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&tmp, c, old);
 
-       b = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(c, tmp.k, btree, level, true);
+       b = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(trans, tmp.k, btree, level, true);
        if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(b)) {
                mutex_lock(&c->btree_cache.lock);
 
@@ -198,9 +199,9 @@ static int set_node_min(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, struct bpos new_min)
        struct bkey_i_btree_ptr_v2 *new;
        int ret;
 
-       new = kmalloc(BKEY_BTREE_PTR_U64s_MAX * sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
+       new = kmalloc_array(BKEY_BTREE_PTR_U64s_MAX, sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!new)
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_repair_key;
 
        btree_ptr_to_v2(b, new);
        b->data->min_key        = new_min;
@@ -227,9 +228,9 @@ static int set_node_max(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, struct bpos new_max)
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       new = kmalloc(BKEY_BTREE_PTR_U64s_MAX * sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
+       new = kmalloc_array(BKEY_BTREE_PTR_U64s_MAX, sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!new)
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_repair_key;
 
        btree_ptr_to_v2(b, new);
        b->data->max_key        = new_max;
@@ -273,12 +274,12 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf2, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&cur->key));
 
        if (prev &&
-           bpos_cmp(expected_start, cur->data->min_key) > 0 &&
+           bpos_gt(expected_start, cur->data->min_key) &&
            BTREE_NODE_SEQ(cur->data) > BTREE_NODE_SEQ(prev->data)) {
                /* cur overwrites prev: */
 
-               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(prev->data->min_key,
-                                                cur->data->min_key) >= 0, c,
+               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_ge(prev->data->min_key,
+                                               cur->data->min_key), c,
                                "btree node overwritten by next node at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  node %s\n"
                                "  next %s",
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                        goto out;
                }
 
-               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(prev->key.k.p,
+               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(prev->key.k.p,
                                                 bpos_predecessor(cur->data->min_key)), c,
                                "btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  node %s\n"
@@ -300,8 +301,8 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        } else {
                /* prev overwrites cur: */
 
-               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(expected_start,
-                                                cur->data->max_key) >= 0, c,
+               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_ge(expected_start,
+                                               cur->data->max_key), c,
                                "btree node overwritten by prev node at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  prev %s\n"
                                "  node %s",
@@ -311,13 +312,13 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                        goto out;
                }
 
-               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(expected_start, cur->data->min_key), c,
+               if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(expected_start, cur->data->min_key), c,
                                "btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  prev %s\n"
                                "  node %s",
                                bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
                                buf1.buf, buf2.buf))
-                   ret = set_node_min(c, cur, expected_start);
+                       ret = set_node_min(c, cur, expected_start);
        }
 out:
 fsck_err:
@@ -335,7 +336,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_end(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf1, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&child->key));
        bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf2, b->key.k.p);
 
-       if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(child->key.k.p, b->key.k.p), c,
+       if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(child->key.k.p, b->key.k.p), c,
                        "btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                        "  %s\n"
                        "  expected %s",
@@ -352,8 +353,9 @@ fsck_err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
+static int bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree_and_journal_iter iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
        struct bkey_buf prev_k, cur_k;
@@ -372,13 +374,13 @@ again:
        bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_init_node_iter(&iter, c, b);
 
        while ((k = bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_peek(&iter)).k) {
-               BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(k.k->p, b->data->min_key) < 0);
-               BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(k.k->p, b->data->max_key) > 0);
+               BUG_ON(bpos_lt(k.k->p, b->data->min_key));
+               BUG_ON(bpos_gt(k.k->p, b->data->max_key));
 
                bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_advance(&iter);
                bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&cur_k, c, k);
 
-               cur = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(c, cur_k.k,
+               cur = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(trans, cur_k.k,
                                        b->c.btree_id, b->c.level - 1,
                                        false);
                ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(cur);
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ again:
                                bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id],
                                b->c.level - 1,
                                buf.buf)) {
-                       bch2_btree_node_evict(c, cur_k.k);
+                       bch2_btree_node_evict(trans, cur_k.k);
                        ret = bch2_journal_key_delete(c, b->c.btree_id,
                                                      b->c.level, cur_k.k->k.p);
                        cur = NULL;
@@ -402,8 +404,8 @@ again:
                }
 
                if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error %i getting btree node",
-                               __func__, ret);
+                       bch_err(c, "%s: error getting btree node: %s",
+                               __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
                        break;
                }
 
@@ -411,7 +413,7 @@ again:
 
                if (ret == DROP_THIS_NODE) {
                        six_unlock_read(&cur->c.lock);
-                       bch2_btree_node_evict(c, cur_k.k);
+                       bch2_btree_node_evict(trans, cur_k.k);
                        ret = bch2_journal_key_delete(c, b->c.btree_id,
                                                      b->c.level, cur_k.k->k.p);
                        cur = NULL;
@@ -425,7 +427,7 @@ again:
                prev = NULL;
 
                if (ret == DROP_PREV_NODE) {
-                       bch2_btree_node_evict(c, prev_k.k);
+                       bch2_btree_node_evict(trans, prev_k.k);
                        ret = bch2_journal_key_delete(c, b->c.btree_id,
                                                      b->c.level, prev_k.k->k.p);
                        if (ret)
@@ -465,23 +467,23 @@ again:
                bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&cur_k, c, k);
                bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_advance(&iter);
 
-               cur = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(c, cur_k.k,
+               cur = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(trans, cur_k.k,
                                        b->c.btree_id, b->c.level - 1,
                                        false);
                ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(cur);
 
                if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error %i getting btree node",
-                               __func__, ret);
+                       bch_err(c, "%s: error getting btree node: %s",
+                               __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(c, cur);
+               ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(trans, cur);
                six_unlock_read(&cur->c.lock);
                cur = NULL;
 
                if (ret == DROP_THIS_NODE) {
-                       bch2_btree_node_evict(c, cur_k.k);
+                       bch2_btree_node_evict(trans, cur_k.k);
                        ret = bch2_journal_key_delete(c, b->c.btree_id,
                                                      b->c.level, cur_k.k->k.p);
                        dropped_children = true;
@@ -522,32 +524,38 @@ fsck_err:
 
 static int bch2_repair_topology(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
+       struct btree_trans trans;
        struct btree *b;
        unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
+       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+
        for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR && !ret; i++) {
                b = c->btree_roots[i].b;
                if (btree_node_fake(b))
                        continue;
 
-               six_lock_read(&b->c.lock, NULL, NULL);
-               ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(c, b);
+               btree_node_lock_nopath_nofail(&trans, &b->c, SIX_LOCK_read);
+               ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(&trans, b);
                six_unlock_read(&b->c.lock);
 
                if (ret == DROP_THIS_NODE) {
                        bch_err(c, "empty btree root - repair unimplemented");
-                       ret = FSCK_ERR_EXIT;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
                }
        }
 
+       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
+static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
                               unsigned level, bool is_root,
                               struct bkey_s_c *k)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(*k);
        const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
        struct extent_ptr_decoded p = { 0 };
@@ -564,15 +572,15 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
                struct bucket *g = PTR_GC_BUCKET(ca, &p.ptr);
                enum bch_data_type data_type = bch2_bkey_ptr_data_type(*k, &entry->ptr);
 
-               if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-                   fsck_err_on(!g->gen_valid, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen %u missing in alloc btree\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))) {
+               if (!g->gen_valid &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen %u missing in alloc btree\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
+                             bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
+                             p.ptr.gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))) {
                        if (!p.ptr.cached) {
                                g->gen_valid            = true;
                                g->gen                  = p.ptr.gen;
@@ -581,14 +589,15 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
                        }
                }
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) > 0, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen in the future: %u > %u\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))) {
+               if (gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) > 0 &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen in the future: %u > %u\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
+                             bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
+                             p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))) {
                        if (!p.ptr.cached) {
                                g->gen_valid            = true;
                                g->gen                  = p.ptr.gen;
@@ -601,32 +610,33 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
                        }
                }
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(gen_cmp(g->gen, p.ptr.gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr), g->gen,
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))
+               if (gen_cmp(g->gen, p.ptr.gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr), g->gen,
+                             bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
+                             p.ptr.gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))))
                        do_update = true;
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(!p.ptr.cached &&
-                               gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) < 0, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu data type %s stale dirty ptr: %u < %u\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))
+               if (!p.ptr.cached && gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) < 0 &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu data type %s stale dirty ptr: %u < %u\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
+                             bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
+                             p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))))
                        do_update = true;
 
                if (data_type != BCH_DATA_btree && p.ptr.gen != g->gen)
                        continue;
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(g->data_type &&
-                               g->data_type != data_type, c,
+               if (fsck_err_on(bucket_data_type(g->data_type) &&
+                               bucket_data_type(g->data_type) != data_type, c,
                                "bucket %u:%zu different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
                                "while marking %s",
                                p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
@@ -653,7 +663,7 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
                                         bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))
                                do_update = true;
 
-                       if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_ptr_matches_stripe_m(m, p), c,
+                       if (fsck_err_on(m && m->alive && !bch2_ptr_matches_stripe_m(m, p), c,
                                        "pointer does not match stripe %llu\n"
                                        "while marking %s",
                                        (u64) p.ec.idx,
@@ -678,7 +688,7 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
                new = kmalloc(bkey_bytes(k->k), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!new) {
                        bch_err(c, "%s: error allocating new key", __func__);
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_repair_key;
                        goto err;
                }
 
@@ -747,9 +757,9 @@ found:
                }
 
                if (level)
-                       bch2_btree_node_update_key_early(c, btree_id, level - 1, *k, new);
+                       bch2_btree_node_update_key_early(trans, btree_id, level - 1, *k, new);
 
-               if (c->opts.verbose) {
+               if (0) {
                        printbuf_reset(&buf);
                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k);
                        bch_info(c, "updated %s", buf.buf);
@@ -788,7 +798,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
                BUG_ON(bch2_journal_seq_verify &&
                       k->k->version.lo > atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq));
 
-               ret = bch2_check_fix_ptrs(c, btree_id, level, is_root, k);
+               ret = bch2_check_fix_ptrs(trans, btree_id, level, is_root, k);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
 
@@ -800,11 +810,11 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
        }
 
        ret = commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL, 0,
-                       bch2_mark_key(trans, old, *k, flags));
+                       bch2_mark_key(trans, btree_id, level, old, *k, flags));
 fsck_err:
 err:
        if (ret)
-               bch_err(c, "%s: ret %i", __func__, ret);
+               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -879,7 +889,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
        if (!btree_node_fake(b)) {
                struct bkey_s_c k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key);
 
-               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level,
+               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level + 1,
                                       true, &k, initial);
        }
        gc_pos_set(c, gc_pos_btree_root(b->c.btree_id));
@@ -904,13 +914,14 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
        bkey_init(&prev.k->k);
 
        while ((k = bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_peek(&iter)).k) {
-               BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(k.k->p, b->data->min_key) < 0);
-               BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(k.k->p, b->data->max_key) > 0);
+               BUG_ON(bpos_lt(k.k->p, b->data->min_key));
+               BUG_ON(bpos_gt(k.k->p, b->data->max_key));
 
                ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level,
                                       false, &k, true);
                if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error %i from bch2_gc_mark_key", __func__, ret);
+                       bch_err(c, "%s: error from bch2_gc_mark_key: %s",
+                               __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
                        goto fsck_err;
                }
 
@@ -940,7 +951,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
                        bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&cur, c, k);
                        bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_advance(&iter);
 
-                       child = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(c, cur.k,
+                       child = bch2_btree_node_get_noiter(trans, cur.k,
                                                b->c.btree_id, b->c.level - 1,
                                                false);
                        ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(child);
@@ -959,7 +970,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
                                          (printbuf_reset(&buf),
                                           bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur.k)), buf.buf)) &&
                                    !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags)) {
-                                       ret = FSCK_ERR_START_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR;
+                                       ret = -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair;
                                        bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
                                        goto fsck_err;
                                } else {
@@ -970,8 +981,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
                                        continue;
                                }
                        } else if (ret) {
-                               bch_err(c, "%s: error %i getting btree node",
-                                       __func__, ret);
+                               bch_err(c, "%s: error getting btree node: %s",
+                                       __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
                                break;
                        }
 
@@ -1009,19 +1020,19 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        six_lock_read(&b->c.lock, NULL, NULL);
        printbuf_reset(&buf);
        bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->data->min_key);
-       if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(b->data->min_key, POS_MIN), c,
+       if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->min_key, POS_MIN), c,
                        "btree root with incorrect min_key: %s", buf.buf)) {
                bch_err(c, "repair unimplemented");
-               ret = FSCK_ERR_EXIT;
+               ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
                goto fsck_err;
        }
 
        printbuf_reset(&buf);
        bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->data->max_key);
-       if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_cmp(b->data->max_key, SPOS_MAX), c,
+       if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->max_key, SPOS_MAX), c,
                        "btree root with incorrect max_key: %s", buf.buf)) {
                bch_err(c, "repair unimplemented");
-               ret = FSCK_ERR_EXIT;
+               ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
                goto fsck_err;
        }
 
@@ -1031,14 +1042,14 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (!ret) {
                struct bkey_s_c k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key);
 
-               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level, true,
+               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level + 1, true,
                                       &k, true);
        }
 fsck_err:
        six_unlock_read(&b->c.lock);
 
        if (ret < 0)
-               bch_err(c, "%s: ret %i", __func__, ret);
+               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1071,7 +1082,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btrees(struct bch_fs *c, bool initial, bool metadata_only)
                        : bch2_gc_btree(&trans, ids[i], initial, metadata_only);
 
        if (ret < 0)
-               bch_err(c, "%s: ret %i", __func__, ret);
+               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
 
        bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
        return ret;
@@ -1269,15 +1280,14 @@ fsck_err:
        if (ca)
                percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
        if (ret)
-               bch_err(c, "%s: ret %i", __func__, ret);
+               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
 
        percpu_up_write(&c->mark_lock);
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_gc_start(struct bch_fs *c,
-                        bool metadata_only)
+static int bch2_gc_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca = NULL;
        unsigned i;
@@ -1288,18 +1298,17 @@ static int bch2_gc_start(struct bch_fs *c,
                                         sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!c->usage_gc) {
                bch_err(c, "error allocating c->usage_gc");
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_start;
        }
 
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
-               BUG_ON(ca->buckets_gc);
                BUG_ON(ca->usage_gc);
 
                ca->usage_gc = alloc_percpu(struct bch_dev_usage);
                if (!ca->usage_gc) {
                        bch_err(c, "error allocating ca->usage_gc");
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
-                       return -ENOMEM;
+                       return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_start;
                }
 
                this_cpu_write(ca->usage_gc->d[BCH_DATA_free].buckets,
@@ -1309,6 +1318,22 @@ static int bch2_gc_start(struct bch_fs *c,
        return 0;
 }
 
+static int bch2_gc_reset(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       struct bch_dev *ca;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+               free_percpu(ca->usage_gc);
+               ca->usage_gc = NULL;
+       }
+
+       free_percpu(c->usage_gc);
+       c->usage_gc = NULL;
+
+       return bch2_gc_start(c);
+}
+
 /* returns true if not equal */
 static inline bool bch2_alloc_v4_cmp(struct bch_alloc_v4 l,
                                     struct bch_alloc_v4 r)
@@ -1324,24 +1349,23 @@ static inline bool bch2_alloc_v4_cmp(struct bch_alloc_v4 l,
 
 static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                struct btree_iter *iter,
+                               struct bkey_s_c k,
                                bool metadata_only)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, iter->pos.inode);
        struct bucket gc, *b;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
        struct bkey_i_alloc_v4 *a;
-       struct bch_alloc_v4 old, new;
+       struct bch_alloc_v4 old_convert, new;
+       const struct bch_alloc_v4 *old;
        enum bch_data_type type;
        int ret;
 
-       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
-       ret = bkey_err(k);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       if (bkey_ge(iter->pos, POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.nbuckets)))
+               return 1;
 
-       bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &old);
-       new = old;
+       old = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &old_convert);
+       new = *old;
 
        percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
        b = gc_bucket(ca, iter->pos.offset);
@@ -1353,7 +1377,7 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        type = __alloc_data_type(b->dirty_sectors,
                                 b->cached_sectors,
                                 b->stripe,
-                                old,
+                                *old,
                                 b->data_type);
        if (b->data_type != type) {
                struct bch_dev_usage *u;
@@ -1375,9 +1399,19 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
            gc.data_type != BCH_DATA_btree)
                return 0;
 
-       if (gen_after(old.gen, gc.gen))
+       if (gen_after(old->gen, gc.gen))
                return 0;
 
+       if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+           fsck_err_on(new.data_type != gc.data_type, c,
+                       "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u has wrong data_type"
+                       ": got %s, should be %s",
+                       iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset,
+                       gc.gen,
+                       bch2_data_types[new.data_type],
+                       bch2_data_types[gc.data_type]))
+               new.data_type = gc.data_type;
+
 #define copy_bucket_field(_f)                                          \
        if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||                                \
            fsck_err_on(new._f != gc._f, c,                             \
@@ -1390,14 +1424,13 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
                new._f = gc._f;                                         \
 
        copy_bucket_field(gen);
-       copy_bucket_field(data_type);
        copy_bucket_field(dirty_sectors);
        copy_bucket_field(cached_sectors);
        copy_bucket_field(stripe_redundancy);
        copy_bucket_field(stripe);
 #undef copy_bucket_field
 
-       if (!bch2_alloc_v4_cmp(old, new))
+       if (!bch2_alloc_v4_cmp(*old, new))
                return 0;
 
        a = bch2_alloc_to_v4_mut(trans, k);
@@ -1431,31 +1464,21 @@ static int bch2_gc_alloc_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
        bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
 
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
-               for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
-                                  POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.first_bucket),
-                                  BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|
-                                  BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ret) {
-                       if (bkey_cmp(iter.pos, POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.nbuckets)) >= 0)
-                               break;
-
-                       ret = commit_do(&trans, NULL, NULL,
-                                             BTREE_INSERT_LAZY_RW,
-                                       bch2_alloc_write_key(&trans, &iter,
-                                                            metadata_only));
-                       if (ret)
-                               break;
-               }
-               bch2_trans_iter_exit(&trans, &iter);
-
-               if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "error writing alloc info: %i", ret);
+               ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
+                               POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.first_bucket),
+                               BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
+                               NULL, NULL, BTREE_INSERT_LAZY_RW,
+                       bch2_alloc_write_key(&trans, &iter, k, metadata_only));
+
+               if (ret < 0) {
+                       bch_err(c, "error writing alloc info: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
                        break;
                }
        }
 
        bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
-       return ret;
+       return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
 }
 
 static int bch2_gc_alloc_start(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
@@ -1465,7 +1488,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_alloc_start(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
        struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
        struct bucket *g;
-       struct bch_alloc_v4 a;
+       struct bch_alloc_v4 a_convert;
+       const struct bch_alloc_v4 *a;
        unsigned i;
        int ret;
 
@@ -1476,7 +1500,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_alloc_start(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
                if (!buckets) {
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
                        bch_err(c, "error allocating ca->buckets[gc]");
-                       return -ENOMEM;
+                       return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_alloc_start;
                }
 
                buckets->first_bucket   = ca->mi.first_bucket;
@@ -1491,20 +1515,20 @@ static int bch2_gc_alloc_start(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
                ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, k.k->p.inode);
                g = gc_bucket(ca, k.k->p.offset);
 
-               bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a);
+               a = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a_convert);
 
                g->gen_valid    = 1;
-               g->gen          = a.gen;
+               g->gen          = a->gen;
 
                if (metadata_only &&
-                   (a.data_type == BCH_DATA_user ||
-                    a.data_type == BCH_DATA_cached ||
-                    a.data_type == BCH_DATA_parity)) {
-                       g->data_type            = a.data_type;
-                       g->dirty_sectors        = a.dirty_sectors;
-                       g->cached_sectors       = a.cached_sectors;
-                       g->stripe               = a.stripe;
-                       g->stripe_redundancy    = a.stripe_redundancy;
+                   (a->data_type == BCH_DATA_user ||
+                    a->data_type == BCH_DATA_cached ||
+                    a->data_type == BCH_DATA_parity)) {
+                       g->data_type            = a->data_type;
+                       g->dirty_sectors        = a->dirty_sectors;
+                       g->cached_sectors       = a->cached_sectors;
+                       g->stripe               = a->stripe;
+                       g->stripe_redundancy    = a->stripe_redundancy;
                }
        }
        bch2_trans_iter_exit(&trans, &iter);
@@ -1512,7 +1536,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_alloc_start(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
        bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
        if (ret)
-               bch_err(c, "error reading alloc info at gc start: %i", ret);
+               bch_err(c, "error reading alloc info at gc start: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1539,72 +1563,74 @@ static void bch2_gc_alloc_reset(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
        };
 }
 
-static int bch2_gc_reflink_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
+static int bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                    struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                    struct bkey_s_c k,
+                                    size_t *idx)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct reflink_gc *r;
-       size_t idx = 0;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       const __le64 *refcount = bkey_refcount_c(k);
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+       struct reflink_gc *r;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       if (metadata_only)
+       if (!refcount)
                return 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+       while ((r = genradix_ptr(&c->reflink_gc_table, *idx)) &&
+              r->offset < k.k->p.offset)
+               ++*idx;
 
-       for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_reflink, POS_MIN,
-                          BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ret) {
-               const __le64 *refcount = bkey_refcount_c(k);
+       if (!r ||
+           r->offset != k.k->p.offset ||
+           r->size != k.k->size) {
+               bch_err(c, "unexpected inconsistency walking reflink table at gc finish");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-               if (!refcount)
-                       continue;
+       if (fsck_err_on(r->refcount != le64_to_cpu(*refcount), c,
+                       "reflink key has wrong refcount:\n"
+                       "  %s\n"
+                       "  should be %u",
+                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf),
+                       r->refcount)) {
+               struct bkey_i *new = bch2_bkey_make_mut(trans, iter, k, 0);
 
-               r = genradix_ptr(&c->reflink_gc_table, idx++);
-               if (!r ||
-                   r->offset != k.k->p.offset ||
-                   r->size != k.k->size) {
-                       bch_err(c, "unexpected inconsistency walking reflink table at gc finish");
-                       ret = -EINVAL;
-                       break;
-               }
+               ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(new);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(r->refcount != le64_to_cpu(*refcount), c,
-                               "reflink key has wrong refcount:\n"
-                               "  %s\n"
-                               "  should be %u",
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf),
-                               r->refcount)) {
-                       struct bkey_i *new;
+               if (!r->refcount)
+                       new->k.type = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
+               else
+                       *bkey_refcount(new) = cpu_to_le64(r->refcount);
+       }
+fsck_err:
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-                       new = kmalloc(bkey_bytes(k.k), GFP_KERNEL);
-                       if (!new) {
-                               ret = -ENOMEM;
-                               break;
-                       }
+static int bch2_gc_reflink_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
+{
+       struct btree_trans trans;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       size_t idx = 0;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-                       bkey_reassemble(new, k);
+       if (metadata_only)
+               return 0;
 
-                       if (!r->refcount)
-                               new->k.type = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
-                       else
-                               *bkey_refcount(new) = cpu_to_le64(r->refcount);
+       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
 
-                       ret = commit_do(&trans, NULL, NULL, 0,
-                               __bch2_btree_insert(&trans, BTREE_ID_reflink, new));
-                       kfree(new);
+       ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter,
+                       BTREE_ID_reflink, POS_MIN,
+                       BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
+                       NULL, NULL, BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
+               bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(&trans, &iter, k, &idx));
 
-                       if (ret)
-                               break;
-               }
-       }
-fsck_err:
-       bch2_trans_iter_exit(&trans, &iter);
        c->reflink_gc_nr = 0;
        bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
-       printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1633,7 +1659,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_reflink_start(struct bch_fs *c,
                r = genradix_ptr_alloc(&c->reflink_gc_table, c->reflink_gc_nr++,
                                       GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!r) {
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_reflink_start;
                        break;
                }
 
@@ -1656,66 +1682,77 @@ static void bch2_gc_reflink_reset(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
                r->refcount = 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_gc_stripes_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
+static int bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                    struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                    struct bkey_s_c k)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct gc_stripe *m;
-       const struct bch_stripe *s;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+       const struct bch_stripe *s;
+       struct gc_stripe *m;
+       bool bad = false;
        unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       if (metadata_only)
+       if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_stripe)
                return 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+       s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v;
+       m = genradix_ptr(&c->gc_stripes, k.k->p.offset);
 
-       for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_stripes, POS_MIN,
-                          BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ret) {
-               if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_stripe)
-                       continue;
+       for (i = 0; i < s->nr_blocks; i++) {
+               u32 old = stripe_blockcount_get(s, i);
+               u32 new = (m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0);
 
-               s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v;
-               m = genradix_ptr(&c->gc_stripes, k.k->p.offset);
-
-               for (i = 0; i < s->nr_blocks; i++)
-                       if (stripe_blockcount_get(s, i) != (m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0))
-                               goto inconsistent;
-               continue;
-inconsistent:
-               if (fsck_err_on(true, c,
-                               "stripe has wrong block sector count %u:\n"
-                               "  %s\n"
-                               "  should be %u", i,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf),
-                               m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0)) {
-                       struct bkey_i_stripe *new;
+               if (old != new) {
+                       prt_printf(&buf, "stripe block %u has wrong sector count: got %u, should be %u\n",
+                                  i, old, new);
+                       bad = true;
+               }
+       }
 
-                       new = kmalloc(bkey_bytes(k.k), GFP_KERNEL);
-                       if (!new) {
-                               ret = -ENOMEM;
-                               break;
-                       }
+       if (bad)
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
 
-                       bkey_reassemble(&new->k_i, k);
+       if (fsck_err_on(bad, c, "%s", buf.buf)) {
+               struct bkey_i_stripe *new;
 
-                       for (i = 0; i < new->v.nr_blocks; i++)
-                               stripe_blockcount_set(&new->v, i, m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0);
+               new = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(k.k));
+               ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(new);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
 
-                       ret = commit_do(&trans, NULL, NULL, 0,
-                               __bch2_btree_insert(&trans, BTREE_ID_reflink, &new->k_i));
-                       kfree(new);
-               }
+               bkey_reassemble(&new->k_i, k);
+
+               for (i = 0; i < new->v.nr_blocks; i++)
+                       stripe_blockcount_set(&new->v, i, m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0);
+
+               ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, &new->k_i, 0);
        }
 fsck_err:
-       bch2_trans_iter_exit(&trans, &iter);
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+static int bch2_gc_stripes_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
+{
+       struct btree_trans trans;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       printbuf_exit(&buf);
+       if (metadata_only)
+               return 0;
+
+       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+
+       ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter,
+                       BTREE_ID_stripes, POS_MIN,
+                       BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
+                       NULL, NULL, BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
+               bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(&trans, &iter, k));
+
+       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1753,7 +1790,7 @@ int bch2_gc(struct bch_fs *c, bool initial, bool metadata_only)
 
        bch2_btree_interior_updates_flush(c);
 
-       ret   = bch2_gc_start(c, metadata_only) ?:
+       ret   = bch2_gc_start(c) ?:
                bch2_gc_alloc_start(c, metadata_only) ?:
                bch2_gc_reflink_start(c, metadata_only);
        if (ret)
@@ -1763,9 +1800,10 @@ again:
 
        bch2_mark_superblocks(c);
 
-       if (BCH_SB_HAS_TOPOLOGY_ERRORS(c->disk_sb.sb) &&
-           !test_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_DONE, &c->flags) &&
-           c->opts.fix_errors != FSCK_OPT_NO) {
+       if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG) ||
+           (BCH_SB_HAS_TOPOLOGY_ERRORS(c->disk_sb.sb) &&
+            !test_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_DONE, &c->flags) &&
+            c->opts.fix_errors != FSCK_OPT_NO)) {
                bch_info(c, "Starting topology repair pass");
                ret = bch2_repair_topology(c);
                if (ret)
@@ -1777,7 +1815,7 @@ again:
 
        ret = bch2_gc_btrees(c, initial, metadata_only);
 
-       if (ret == FSCK_ERR_START_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR &&
+       if (ret == -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair &&
            !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags) &&
            !test_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_DONE, &c->flags)) {
                set_bit(BCH_FS_NEED_ANOTHER_GC, &c->flags);
@@ -1785,8 +1823,8 @@ again:
                ret = 0;
        }
 
-       if (ret == FSCK_ERR_START_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR)
-               ret = FSCK_ERR_EXIT;
+       if (ret == -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair)
+               ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_errors_not_fixed;
 
        if (ret)
                goto out;
@@ -1814,6 +1852,9 @@ again:
                bch2_gc_stripes_reset(c, metadata_only);
                bch2_gc_alloc_reset(c, metadata_only);
                bch2_gc_reflink_reset(c, metadata_only);
+               ret = bch2_gc_reset(c);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto out;
 
                /* flush fsck errors, reset counters */
                bch2_flush_fsck_errs(c);
@@ -1878,28 +1919,25 @@ static int gc_btree_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
        return 0;
 update:
-       u = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(k.k));
+       u = bch2_bkey_make_mut(trans, iter, k, 0);
        ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(u);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       bkey_reassemble(u, k);
-
        bch2_extent_normalize(c, bkey_i_to_s(u));
-       return bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, u, 0);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int bch2_alloc_write_oldest_gen(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
                                       struct bkey_s_c k)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(trans->c, iter->pos.inode);
-       struct bch_alloc_v4 a;
+       struct bch_alloc_v4 a_convert;
+       const struct bch_alloc_v4 *a = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a_convert);
        struct bkey_i_alloc_v4 *a_mut;
        int ret;
 
-       bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a);
-
-       if (a.oldest_gen == ca->oldest_gen[iter->pos.offset])
+       if (a->oldest_gen == ca->oldest_gen[iter->pos.offset])
                return 0;
 
        a_mut = bch2_alloc_to_v4_mut(trans, k);
@@ -1931,7 +1969,7 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
        if (!mutex_trylock(&c->gc_gens_lock))
                return 0;
 
-       trace_gc_gens_start(c);
+       trace_and_count(c, gc_gens_start, c);
        down_read(&c->gc_lock);
        bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
 
@@ -1943,7 +1981,7 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
                ca->oldest_gen = kvmalloc(ca->mi.nbuckets, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!ca->oldest_gen) {
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_gens;
                        goto err;
                }
 
@@ -1955,7 +1993,7 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
        }
 
        for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
-               if ((1 << i) & BTREE_ID_HAS_PTRS) {
+               if (btree_type_has_ptrs(i)) {
                        struct btree_iter iter;
                        struct bkey_s_c k;
 
@@ -1968,10 +2006,10 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
                                        NULL, NULL,
                                        BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
                                gc_btree_gens_key(&trans, &iter, k));
-                       if (ret) {
-                               bch_err(c, "error recalculating oldest_gen: %i", ret);
+                       if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
+                               bch_err(c, "error recalculating oldest_gen: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+                       if (ret)
                                goto err;
-                       }
                }
 
        ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
@@ -1981,10 +2019,10 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
                        NULL, NULL,
                        BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
                bch2_alloc_write_oldest_gen(&trans, &iter, k));
-       if (ret) {
-               bch_err(c, "error writing oldest_gen: %i", ret);
+       if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
+               bch_err(c, "error writing oldest_gen: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+       if (ret)
                goto err;
-       }
 
        c->gc_gens_btree        = 0;
        c->gc_gens_pos          = POS_MIN;
@@ -1992,7 +2030,7 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
        c->gc_count++;
 
        bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_gc], start_time);
-       trace_gc_gens_end(c);
+       trace_and_count(c, gc_gens_end, c);
 err:
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
                kvfree(ca->oldest_gen);
@@ -2054,7 +2092,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_thread(void *arg)
                ret = bch2_gc_gens(c);
 #endif
                if (ret < 0)
-                       bch_err(c, "btree gc failed: %i", ret);
+                       bch_err(c, "btree gc failed: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
 
                debug_check_no_locks_held();
        }
@@ -2084,7 +2122,7 @@ int bch2_gc_thread_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 
        p = kthread_create(bch2_gc_thread, c, "bch-gc/%s", c->name);
        if (IS_ERR(p)) {
-               bch_err(c, "error creating gc thread: %li", PTR_ERR(p));
+               bch_err(c, "error creating gc thread: %s", bch2_err_str(PTR_ERR(p)));
                return PTR_ERR(p);
        }