]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/btree_gc.c
Update bcachefs sources to 481b5f343248 bcachefs: Better error messages for missing...
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / btree_gc.c
index 6b7353c9206eef54210018e88be39729ce888a25..1102995643b137c3a8a9fe5f12f0cce95edfafeb 100644 (file)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "alloc_foreground.h"
 #include "bkey_methods.h"
 #include "bkey_buf.h"
+#include "btree_journal_iter.h"
 #include "btree_key_cache.h"
 #include "btree_locking.h"
 #include "btree_update_interior.h"
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "reflink.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/bitops.h>
 #include <linux/preempt.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
-#include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
 #define DROP_THIS_NODE         10
 #define DROP_PREV_NODE         11
 
+static struct bkey_s unsafe_bkey_s_c_to_s(struct bkey_s_c k)
+{
+       return (struct bkey_s) {{{
+               (struct bkey *) k.k,
+               (struct bch_val *) k.v
+       }}};
+}
+
+static bool should_restart_for_topology_repair(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       return c->opts.fix_errors != FSCK_FIX_no &&
+               !(c->recovery_passes_complete & BIT_ULL(BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_topology));
+}
+
 static inline void __gc_pos_set(struct bch_fs *c, struct gc_pos new_pos)
 {
        preempt_disable();
@@ -88,20 +103,20 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf2, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur.k));
 
                        if (__fsck_err(c,
-                                 FSCK_CAN_FIX|
-                                 FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
-                                 FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
-                                 "btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
-                                 "  prev %s\n"
-                                 "  cur %s",
-                                 bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
-                                 buf1.buf, buf2.buf) &&
-                           !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags)) {
+                                      FSCK_CAN_FIX|
+                                      FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
+                                      FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+                                      btree_node_topology_bad_min_key,
+                                      "btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
+                                      "  prev %s\n"
+                                      "  cur %s",
+                                      bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
+                                      buf1.buf, buf2.buf) && should_restart_for_topology_repair(c)) {
                                bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
-                               ret = -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair;
+                               ret = bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(c, BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_topology);
                                goto err;
                        } else {
-                               set_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_UNFIXED, &c->flags);
+                               set_bit(BCH_FS_initial_gc_unfixed, &c->flags);
                        }
                }
        }
@@ -115,21 +130,19 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf1, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur.k));
                bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf2, node_end);
 
-               if (__fsck_err(c,
-                         FSCK_CAN_FIX|
-                         FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
-                         FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+               if (__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX|FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+                         btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,
                          "btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                          "  %s\n"
                          "  expected %s",
-                         bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
+                         bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
                          buf1.buf, buf2.buf) &&
-                   !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags)) {
+                   should_restart_for_topology_repair(c)) {
                        bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
-                       ret = -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair;
+                       ret = bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(c, BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_topology);
                        goto err;
                } else {
-                       set_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_UNFIXED, &c->flags);
+                       set_bit(BCH_FS_initial_gc_unfixed, &c->flags);
                }
        }
 
@@ -201,7 +214,7 @@ static int set_node_min(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, struct bpos new_min)
 
        new = kmalloc_array(BKEY_BTREE_PTR_U64s_MAX, sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!new)
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_repair_key;
 
        btree_ptr_to_v2(b, new);
        b->data->min_key        = new_min;
@@ -230,7 +243,7 @@ static int set_node_max(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, struct bpos new_max)
 
        new = kmalloc_array(BKEY_BTREE_PTR_U64s_MAX, sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!new)
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_repair_key;
 
        btree_ptr_to_v2(b, new);
        b->data->max_key        = new_max;
@@ -280,10 +293,11 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
                if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_ge(prev->data->min_key,
                                                cur->data->min_key), c,
+                               btree_node_topology_overwritten_by_next_node,
                                "btree node overwritten by next node at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  node %s\n"
                                "  next %s",
-                               bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
+                               bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
                                buf1.buf, buf2.buf)) {
                        ret = DROP_PREV_NODE;
                        goto out;
@@ -291,10 +305,11 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
                if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(prev->key.k.p,
                                                 bpos_predecessor(cur->data->min_key)), c,
+                               btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,
                                "btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  node %s\n"
                                "  next %s",
-                               bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
+                               bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
                                buf1.buf, buf2.buf))
                        ret = set_node_max(c, prev,
                                           bpos_predecessor(cur->data->min_key));
@@ -303,20 +318,22 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
                if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_ge(expected_start,
                                                cur->data->max_key), c,
+                               btree_node_topology_overwritten_by_prev_node,
                                "btree node overwritten by prev node at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  prev %s\n"
                                "  node %s",
-                               bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
+                               bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
                                buf1.buf, buf2.buf)) {
                        ret = DROP_THIS_NODE;
                        goto out;
                }
 
                if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(expected_start, cur->data->min_key), c,
+                               btree_node_topology_bad_min_key,
                                "btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  prev %s\n"
                                "  node %s",
-                               bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
+                               bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
                                buf1.buf, buf2.buf))
                        ret = set_node_min(c, cur, expected_start);
        }
@@ -337,10 +354,11 @@ static int btree_repair_node_end(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf2, b->key.k.p);
 
        if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(child->key.k.p, b->key.k.p), c,
+                               btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,
                        "btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
                        "  %s\n"
                        "  expected %s",
-                       bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id], b->c.level,
+                       bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
                        buf1.buf, buf2.buf)) {
                ret = set_node_max(c, child, b->key.k.p);
                if (ret)
@@ -389,9 +407,10 @@ again:
                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur_k.k));
 
                if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(ret == -EIO, c,
+                               btree_node_unreadable,
                                "Topology repair: unreadable btree node at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                "  %s",
-                               bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id],
+                               bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id),
                                b->c.level - 1,
                                buf.buf)) {
                        bch2_btree_node_evict(trans, cur_k.k);
@@ -403,11 +422,9 @@ again:
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error getting btree node: %s",
-                               __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+               bch_err_msg(c, ret, "getting btree node");
+               if (ret)
                        break;
-               }
 
                ret = btree_repair_node_boundaries(c, b, prev, cur);
 
@@ -472,11 +489,9 @@ again:
                                        false);
                ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(cur);
 
-               if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error getting btree node: %s",
-                               __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+               bch_err_msg(c, ret, "getting btree node");
+               if (ret)
                        goto err;
-               }
 
                ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(trans, cur);
                six_unlock_read(&cur->c.lock);
@@ -499,9 +514,10 @@ again:
        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
 
        if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!have_child, c,
+                       btree_node_topology_interior_node_empty,
                        "empty interior btree node at btree %s level %u\n"
                        "  %s",
-                       bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id],
+                       bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id),
                        b->c.level, buf.buf))
                ret = DROP_THIS_NODE;
 err:
@@ -522,22 +538,25 @@ fsck_err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_repair_topology(struct bch_fs *c)
+int bch2_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
+       struct btree_trans *trans = bch2_trans_get(c);
        struct btree *b;
        unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+       for (i = 0; i < btree_id_nr_alive(c) && !ret; i++) {
+               struct btree_root *r = bch2_btree_id_root(c, i);
+
+               if (!r->alive)
+                       continue;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR && !ret; i++) {
-               b = c->btree_roots[i].b;
+               b = r->b;
                if (btree_node_fake(b))
                        continue;
 
-               btree_node_lock_nopath_nofail(&trans, &b->c, SIX_LOCK_read);
-               ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(&trans, b);
+               btree_node_lock_nopath_nofail(trans, &b->c, SIX_LOCK_read);
+               ret = bch2_btree_repair_topology_recurse(trans, b);
                six_unlock_read(&b->c.lock);
 
                if (ret == DROP_THIS_NODE) {
@@ -546,7 +565,7 @@ static int bch2_repair_topology(struct bch_fs *c)
                }
        }
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+       bch2_trans_put(trans);
 
        return ret;
 }
@@ -556,8 +575,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
                               struct bkey_s_c *k)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(*k);
-       const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
+       struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs_c = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(*k);
+       const union bch_extent_entry *entry_c;
        struct extent_ptr_decoded p = { 0 };
        bool do_update = false;
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
@@ -567,20 +586,21 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
         * XXX
         * use check_bucket_ref here
         */
-       bkey_for_each_ptr_decode(k->k, ptrs, p, entry) {
+       bkey_for_each_ptr_decode(k->k, ptrs_c, p, entry_c) {
                struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, p.ptr.dev);
                struct bucket *g = PTR_GC_BUCKET(ca, &p.ptr);
-               enum bch_data_type data_type = bch2_bkey_ptr_data_type(*k, &entry->ptr);
-
-               if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-                   fsck_err_on(!g->gen_valid, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen %u missing in alloc btree\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))) {
+               enum bch_data_type data_type = bch2_bkey_ptr_data_type(*k, &entry_c->ptr);
+
+               if (!g->gen_valid &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, ptr_to_missing_alloc_key,
+                             "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen %u missing in alloc btree\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
+                             bch2_data_type_str(ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)),
+                             p.ptr.gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))) {
                        if (!p.ptr.cached) {
                                g->gen_valid            = true;
                                g->gen                  = p.ptr.gen;
@@ -589,62 +609,68 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
                        }
                }
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) > 0, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen in the future: %u > %u\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))) {
+               if (gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) > 0 &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, ptr_gen_newer_than_bucket_gen,
+                             "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen in the future: %u > %u\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
+                             bch2_data_type_str(ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)),
+                             p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))) {
                        if (!p.ptr.cached) {
                                g->gen_valid            = true;
                                g->gen                  = p.ptr.gen;
                                g->data_type            = 0;
                                g->dirty_sectors        = 0;
                                g->cached_sectors       = 0;
-                               set_bit(BCH_FS_NEED_ANOTHER_GC, &c->flags);
+                               set_bit(BCH_FS_need_another_gc, &c->flags);
                        } else {
                                do_update = true;
                        }
                }
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(gen_cmp(g->gen, p.ptr.gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr), g->gen,
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))
+               if (gen_cmp(g->gen, p.ptr.gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, ptr_gen_newer_than_bucket_gen,
+                             "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr), g->gen,
+                             bch2_data_type_str(ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)),
+                             p.ptr.gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))))
                        do_update = true;
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(!p.ptr.cached &&
-                               gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) < 0, c,
-                               "bucket %u:%zu data type %s stale dirty ptr: %u < %u\n"
-                               "while marking %s",
-                               p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
-                               p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
-                               (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))
+               if (!p.ptr.cached && gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) < 0 &&
+                   (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+                    fsck_err(c, stale_dirty_ptr,
+                             "bucket %u:%zu data type %s stale dirty ptr: %u < %u\n"
+                             "while marking %s",
+                             p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
+                             bch2_data_type_str(ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)),
+                             p.ptr.gen, g->gen,
+                             (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                              bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))))
                        do_update = true;
 
                if (data_type != BCH_DATA_btree && p.ptr.gen != g->gen)
                        continue;
 
-               if (fsck_err_on(g->data_type &&
-                               g->data_type != data_type, c,
+               if (fsck_err_on(bucket_data_type(g->data_type) &&
+                               bucket_data_type(g->data_type) != data_type, c,
+                               ptr_bucket_data_type_mismatch,
                                "bucket %u:%zu different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
                                "while marking %s",
                                p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
-                               bch2_data_types[g->data_type],
-                               bch2_data_types[data_type],
+                               bch2_data_type_str(g->data_type),
+                               bch2_data_type_str(data_type),
                                (printbuf_reset(&buf),
                                 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf))) {
                        if (data_type == BCH_DATA_btree) {
                                g->data_type    = data_type;
-                               set_bit(BCH_FS_NEED_ANOTHER_GC, &c->flags);
+                               set_bit(BCH_FS_need_another_gc, &c->flags);
                        } else {
                                do_update = true;
                        }
@@ -654,6 +680,7 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
                        struct gc_stripe *m = genradix_ptr(&c->gc_stripes, p.ec.idx);
 
                        if (fsck_err_on(!m || !m->alive, c,
+                                       ptr_to_missing_stripe,
                                        "pointer to nonexistent stripe %llu\n"
                                        "while marking %s",
                                        (u64) p.ec.idx,
@@ -661,7 +688,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
                                         bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k), buf.buf)))
                                do_update = true;
 
-                       if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_ptr_matches_stripe_m(m, p), c,
+                       if (fsck_err_on(m && m->alive && !bch2_ptr_matches_stripe_m(m, p), c,
+                                       ptr_to_incorrect_stripe,
                                        "pointer does not match stripe %llu\n"
                                        "while marking %s",
                                        (u64) p.ec.idx,
@@ -685,8 +713,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 
                new = kmalloc(bkey_bytes(k->k), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!new) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error allocating new key", __func__);
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_repair_key;
+                       bch_err_msg(c, ret, "allocating new key");
                        goto err;
                }
 
@@ -757,7 +785,7 @@ found:
                if (level)
                        bch2_btree_node_update_key_early(trans, btree_id, level - 1, *k, new);
 
-               if (c->opts.verbose) {
+               if (0) {
                        printbuf_reset(&buf);
                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, *k);
                        bch_info(c, "updated %s", buf.buf);
@@ -785,9 +813,6 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey deleted = KEY(0, 0, 0);
        struct bkey_s_c old = (struct bkey_s_c) { &deleted, NULL };
-       unsigned flags =
-               BTREE_TRIGGER_GC|
-               (initial ? BTREE_TRIGGER_NOATOMIC : 0);
        int ret = 0;
 
        deleted.p = k->k->p;
@@ -801,6 +826,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
                        goto err;
 
                if (fsck_err_on(k->k->version.lo > atomic64_read(&c->key_version), c,
+                               bkey_version_in_future,
                                "key version number higher than recorded: %llu > %llu",
                                k->k->version.lo,
                                atomic64_read(&c->key_version)))
@@ -808,11 +834,10 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
        }
 
        ret = commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL, 0,
-                       bch2_mark_key(trans, old, *k, flags));
+                       bch2_key_trigger(trans, btree_id, level, old, unsafe_bkey_s_c_to_s(*k), BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
 fsck_err:
 err:
-       if (ret)
-               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -883,11 +908,11 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
                return ret;
 
        mutex_lock(&c->btree_root_lock);
-       b = c->btree_roots[btree_id].b;
+       b = bch2_btree_id_root(c, btree_id)->b;
        if (!btree_node_fake(b)) {
                struct bkey_s_c k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key);
 
-               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level,
+               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level + 1,
                                       true, &k, initial);
        }
        gc_pos_set(c, gc_pos_btree_root(b->c.btree_id));
@@ -917,11 +942,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
 
                ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level,
                                       false, &k, true);
-               if (ret) {
-                       bch_err(c, "%s: error from bch2_gc_mark_key: %s",
-                               __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+               if (ret)
                        goto fsck_err;
-               }
 
                if (b->c.level) {
                        bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&cur, c, k);
@@ -961,26 +983,26 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
                                          FSCK_CAN_FIX|
                                          FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
                                          FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+                                         btree_node_read_error,
                                          "Unreadable btree node at btree %s level %u:\n"
                                          "  %s",
-                                         bch2_btree_ids[b->c.btree_id],
+                                         bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id),
                                          b->c.level - 1,
                                          (printbuf_reset(&buf),
                                           bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur.k)), buf.buf)) &&
-                                   !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags)) {
-                                       ret = -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair;
+                                   should_restart_for_topology_repair(c)) {
                                        bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
+                                       ret = bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(c, BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_topology);
                                        goto fsck_err;
                                } else {
                                        /* Continue marking when opted to not
                                         * fix the error: */
                                        ret = 0;
-                                       set_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_UNFIXED, &c->flags);
+                                       set_bit(BCH_FS_initial_gc_unfixed, &c->flags);
                                        continue;
                                }
                        } else if (ret) {
-                               bch_err(c, "%s: error getting btree node: %s",
-                                       __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+                               bch_err_msg(c, ret, "getting btree node");
                                break;
                        }
 
@@ -1010,7 +1032,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       b = c->btree_roots[btree_id].b;
+       b = bch2_btree_id_root(c, btree_id)->b;
 
        if (btree_node_fake(b))
                return 0;
@@ -1019,6 +1041,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        printbuf_reset(&buf);
        bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->data->min_key);
        if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->min_key, POS_MIN), c,
+                               btree_root_bad_min_key,
                        "btree root with incorrect min_key: %s", buf.buf)) {
                bch_err(c, "repair unimplemented");
                ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
@@ -1028,6 +1051,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        printbuf_reset(&buf);
        bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->data->max_key);
        if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->max_key, SPOS_MAX), c,
+                               btree_root_bad_max_key,
                        "btree root with incorrect max_key: %s", buf.buf)) {
                bch_err(c, "repair unimplemented");
                ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
@@ -1040,14 +1064,13 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (!ret) {
                struct bkey_s_c k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key);
 
-               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level, true,
+               ret = bch2_gc_mark_key(trans, b->c.btree_id, b->c.level + 1, true,
                                       &k, true);
        }
 fsck_err:
        six_unlock_read(&b->c.lock);
 
-       if (ret < 0)
-               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1060,29 +1083,31 @@ static inline int btree_id_gc_phase_cmp(enum btree_id l, enum btree_id r)
 
 static int bch2_gc_btrees(struct bch_fs *c, bool initial, bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
+       struct btree_trans *trans = bch2_trans_get(c);
        enum btree_id ids[BTREE_ID_NR];
        unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
-
-       if (initial)
-               trans.is_initial_gc = true;
-
        for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
                ids[i] = i;
        bubble_sort(ids, BTREE_ID_NR, btree_id_gc_phase_cmp);
 
        for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR && !ret; i++)
                ret = initial
-                       ? bch2_gc_btree_init(&trans, ids[i], metadata_only)
-                       : bch2_gc_btree(&trans, ids[i], initial, metadata_only);
+                       ? bch2_gc_btree_init(trans, ids[i], metadata_only)
+                       : bch2_gc_btree(trans, ids[i], initial, metadata_only);
 
-       if (ret < 0)
-               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+       for (i = BTREE_ID_NR; i < btree_id_nr_alive(c) && !ret; i++) {
+               if (!bch2_btree_id_root(c, i)->alive)
+                       continue;
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+               ret = initial
+                       ? bch2_gc_btree_init(trans, i, metadata_only)
+                       : bch2_gc_btree(trans, i, initial, metadata_only);
+       }
+
+       bch2_trans_put(trans);
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1133,13 +1158,10 @@ static void bch2_mark_dev_superblock(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 static void bch2_mark_superblocks(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       unsigned i;
-
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        gc_pos_set(c, gc_phase(GC_PHASE_SB));
 
-       for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
+       for_each_online_member(c, ca)
                bch2_mark_dev_superblock(c, ca, BTREE_TRIGGER_GC);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 }
@@ -1164,13 +1186,10 @@ static void bch2_mark_pending_btree_node_frees(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 static void bch2_gc_free(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       unsigned i;
-
        genradix_free(&c->reflink_gc_table);
        genradix_free(&c->gc_stripes);
 
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                kvpfree(rcu_dereference_protected(ca->buckets_gc, 1),
                        sizeof(struct bucket_array) +
                        ca->mi.nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket));
@@ -1192,70 +1211,70 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
        bool verify = !metadata_only &&
                !c->opts.reconstruct_alloc &&
                (!initial || (c->sb.compat & (1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_alloc_info)));
-       unsigned i, dev;
+       unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
        percpu_down_write(&c->mark_lock);
 
-#define copy_field(_f, _msg, ...)                                      \
+#define copy_field(_err, _f, _msg, ...)                                        \
        if (dst->_f != src->_f &&                                       \
            (!verify ||                                                 \
-            fsck_err(c, _msg ": got %llu, should be %llu"              \
+            fsck_err(c, _err, _msg ": got %llu, should be %llu"        \
                      , ##__VA_ARGS__, dst->_f, src->_f)))              \
                dst->_f = src->_f
-#define copy_stripe_field(_f, _msg, ...)                               \
-       if (dst->_f != src->_f &&                                       \
-           (!verify ||                                                 \
-            fsck_err(c, "stripe %zu has wrong "_msg                    \
-                     ": got %u, should be %u",                         \
-                     iter.pos, ##__VA_ARGS__,                          \
-                     dst->_f, src->_f)))                               \
-               dst->_f = src->_f
-#define copy_dev_field(_f, _msg, ...)                                  \
-       copy_field(_f, "dev %u has wrong " _msg, dev, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define copy_fs_field(_f, _msg, ...)                                   \
-       copy_field(_f, "fs has wrong " _msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define copy_dev_field(_err, _f, _msg, ...)                            \
+       copy_field(_err, _f, "dev %u has wrong " _msg, ca->dev_idx, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define copy_fs_field(_err, _f, _msg, ...)                             \
+       copy_field(_err, _f, "fs has wrong " _msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
                bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, i);
 
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, dev) {
+       __for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                struct bch_dev_usage *dst = ca->usage_base;
                struct bch_dev_usage *src = (void *)
-                       bch2_acc_percpu_u64s((void *) ca->usage_gc,
+                       bch2_acc_percpu_u64s((u64 __percpu *) ca->usage_gc,
                                             dev_usage_u64s());
 
-               copy_dev_field(buckets_ec,              "buckets_ec");
-
                for (i = 0; i < BCH_DATA_NR; i++) {
-                       copy_dev_field(d[i].buckets,    "%s buckets", bch2_data_types[i]);
-                       copy_dev_field(d[i].sectors,    "%s sectors", bch2_data_types[i]);
-                       copy_dev_field(d[i].fragmented, "%s fragmented", bch2_data_types[i]);
+                       copy_dev_field(dev_usage_buckets_wrong,
+                                      d[i].buckets,    "%s buckets", bch2_data_type_str(i));
+                       copy_dev_field(dev_usage_sectors_wrong,
+                                      d[i].sectors,    "%s sectors", bch2_data_type_str(i));
+                       copy_dev_field(dev_usage_fragmented_wrong,
+                                      d[i].fragmented, "%s fragmented", bch2_data_type_str(i));
                }
-       };
+       }
 
        {
                unsigned nr = fs_usage_u64s(c);
                struct bch_fs_usage *dst = c->usage_base;
                struct bch_fs_usage *src = (void *)
-                       bch2_acc_percpu_u64s((void *) c->usage_gc, nr);
+                       bch2_acc_percpu_u64s((u64 __percpu *) c->usage_gc, nr);
 
-               copy_fs_field(hidden,           "hidden");
-               copy_fs_field(btree,            "btree");
+               copy_fs_field(fs_usage_hidden_wrong,
+                             b.hidden,         "hidden");
+               copy_fs_field(fs_usage_btree_wrong,
+                             b.btree,          "btree");
 
                if (!metadata_only) {
-                       copy_fs_field(data,     "data");
-                       copy_fs_field(cached,   "cached");
-                       copy_fs_field(reserved, "reserved");
-                       copy_fs_field(nr_inodes,"nr_inodes");
+                       copy_fs_field(fs_usage_data_wrong,
+                                     b.data,   "data");
+                       copy_fs_field(fs_usage_cached_wrong,
+                                     b.cached, "cached");
+                       copy_fs_field(fs_usage_reserved_wrong,
+                                     b.reserved,       "reserved");
+                       copy_fs_field(fs_usage_nr_inodes_wrong,
+                                     b.nr_inodes,"nr_inodes");
 
                        for (i = 0; i < BCH_REPLICAS_MAX; i++)
-                               copy_fs_field(persistent_reserved[i],
+                               copy_fs_field(fs_usage_persistent_reserved_wrong,
+                                             persistent_reserved[i],
                                              "persistent_reserved[%i]", i);
                }
 
                for (i = 0; i < c->replicas.nr; i++) {
-                       struct bch_replicas_entry *e =
+                       struct bch_replicas_entry_v1 *e =
                                cpu_replicas_entry(&c->replicas, i);
 
                        if (metadata_only &&
@@ -1266,7 +1285,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
                        printbuf_reset(&buf);
                        bch2_replicas_entry_to_text(&buf, e);
 
-                       copy_fs_field(replicas[i], "%s", buf.buf);
+                       copy_fs_field(fs_usage_replicas_wrong,
+                                     replicas[i], "%s", buf.buf);
                }
        }
 
@@ -1277,8 +1297,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 fsck_err:
        if (ca)
                percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
-       if (ret)
-               bch_err(c, "error from %s(): %s", __func__, bch2_err_str(ret));
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
 
        percpu_up_write(&c->mark_lock);
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
@@ -1287,26 +1306,23 @@ fsck_err:
 
 static int bch2_gc_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca = NULL;
-       unsigned i;
-
        BUG_ON(c->usage_gc);
 
        c->usage_gc = __alloc_percpu_gfp(fs_usage_u64s(c) * sizeof(u64),
                                         sizeof(u64), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!c->usage_gc) {
                bch_err(c, "error allocating c->usage_gc");
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_start;
        }
 
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                BUG_ON(ca->usage_gc);
 
                ca->usage_gc = alloc_percpu(struct bch_dev_usage);
                if (!ca->usage_gc) {
                        bch_err(c, "error allocating ca->usage_gc");
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
-                       return -ENOMEM;
+                       return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_start;
                }
 
                this_cpu_write(ca->usage_gc->d[BCH_DATA_free].buckets,
@@ -1318,10 +1334,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 static int bch2_gc_reset(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       unsigned i;
-
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                free_percpu(ca->usage_gc);
                ca->usage_gc = NULL;
        }
@@ -1359,9 +1372,6 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        enum bch_data_type type;
        int ret;
 
-       if (bkey_ge(iter->pos, POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.nbuckets)))
-               return 1;
-
        old = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &old_convert);
        new = *old;
 
@@ -1400,23 +1410,38 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (gen_after(old->gen, gc.gen))
                return 0;
 
-#define copy_bucket_field(_f)                                          \
+       if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
+           fsck_err_on(new.data_type != gc.data_type, c,
+                       alloc_key_data_type_wrong,
+                       "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u has wrong data_type"
+                       ": got %s, should be %s",
+                       iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset,
+                       gc.gen,
+                       bch2_data_type_str(new.data_type),
+                       bch2_data_type_str(gc.data_type)))
+               new.data_type = gc.data_type;
+
+#define copy_bucket_field(_errtype, _f)                                        \
        if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||                                \
-           fsck_err_on(new._f != gc._f, c,                             \
+           fsck_err_on(new._f != gc._f, c, _errtype,                   \
                        "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u data type %s has wrong " #_f   \
                        ": got %u, should be %u",                       \
                        iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset,              \
                        gc.gen,                                         \
-                       bch2_data_types[gc.data_type],                  \
+                       bch2_data_type_str(gc.data_type),               \
                        new._f, gc._f))                                 \
                new._f = gc._f;                                         \
 
-       copy_bucket_field(gen);
-       copy_bucket_field(data_type);
-       copy_bucket_field(dirty_sectors);
-       copy_bucket_field(cached_sectors);
-       copy_bucket_field(stripe_redundancy);
-       copy_bucket_field(stripe);
+       copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_gen_wrong,
+                         gen);
+       copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_dirty_sectors_wrong,
+                         dirty_sectors);
+       copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_cached_sectors_wrong,
+                         cached_sectors);
+       copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_stripe_wrong,
+                         stripe);
+       copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_stripe_redundancy_wrong,
+                         stripe_redundancy);
 #undef copy_bucket_field
 
        if (!bch2_alloc_v4_cmp(*old, new))
@@ -1443,99 +1468,75 @@ fsck_err:
 
 static int bch2_gc_alloc_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
-
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
-               ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
-                               POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.first_bucket),
-                               BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
-                               NULL, NULL, BTREE_INSERT_LAZY_RW,
-                       bch2_alloc_write_key(&trans, &iter, k, metadata_only));
-
-               if (ret < 0) {
-                       bch_err(c, "error writing alloc info: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
+               ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
+                       for_each_btree_key_upto_commit(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
+                                       POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.first_bucket),
+                                       POS(ca->dev_idx, ca->mi.nbuckets - 1),
+                                       BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
+                                       NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_lazy_rw,
+                               bch2_alloc_write_key(trans, &iter, k, metadata_only)));
+               if (ret) {
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
                        break;
                }
        }
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
-       return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 static int bch2_gc_alloc_start(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct bucket *g;
-       struct bch_alloc_v4 a_convert;
-       const struct bch_alloc_v4 *a;
-       unsigned i;
-       int ret;
-
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                struct bucket_array *buckets = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bucket_array) +
                                ca->mi.nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket),
                                GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
                if (!buckets) {
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
                        bch_err(c, "error allocating ca->buckets[gc]");
-                       return -ENOMEM;
+                       return -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_alloc_start;
                }
 
                buckets->first_bucket   = ca->mi.first_bucket;
                buckets->nbuckets       = ca->mi.nbuckets;
                rcu_assign_pointer(ca->buckets_gc, buckets);
-       };
-
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
-
-       for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc, POS_MIN,
-                          BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ret) {
-               ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, k.k->p.inode);
-               g = gc_bucket(ca, k.k->p.offset);
-
-               a = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a_convert);
+       }
 
-               g->gen_valid    = 1;
-               g->gen          = a->gen;
+       int ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
+               for_each_btree_key(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc, POS_MIN,
+                                        BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ({
+                       struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, k.k->p.inode);
+                       struct bucket *g = gc_bucket(ca, k.k->p.offset);
 
-               if (metadata_only &&
-                   (a->data_type == BCH_DATA_user ||
-                    a->data_type == BCH_DATA_cached ||
-                    a->data_type == BCH_DATA_parity)) {
-                       g->data_type            = a->data_type;
-                       g->dirty_sectors        = a->dirty_sectors;
-                       g->cached_sectors       = a->cached_sectors;
-                       g->stripe               = a->stripe;
-                       g->stripe_redundancy    = a->stripe_redundancy;
-               }
-       }
-       bch2_trans_iter_exit(&trans, &iter);
+                       struct bch_alloc_v4 a_convert;
+                       const struct bch_alloc_v4 *a = bch2_alloc_to_v4(k, &a_convert);
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+                       g->gen_valid    = 1;
+                       g->gen          = a->gen;
 
-       if (ret)
-               bch_err(c, "error reading alloc info at gc start: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+                       if (metadata_only &&
+                           (a->data_type == BCH_DATA_user ||
+                            a->data_type == BCH_DATA_cached ||
+                            a->data_type == BCH_DATA_parity)) {
+                               g->data_type            = a->data_type;
+                               g->dirty_sectors        = a->dirty_sectors;
+                               g->cached_sectors       = a->cached_sectors;
+                               g->stripe               = a->stripe;
+                               g->stripe_redundancy    = a->stripe_redundancy;
+                       }
 
+                       0;
+               })));
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
 static void bch2_gc_alloc_reset(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       unsigned i;
-
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                struct bucket_array *buckets = gc_bucket_array(ca);
                struct bucket *g;
 
@@ -1549,7 +1550,7 @@ static void bch2_gc_alloc_reset(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
                        g->dirty_sectors = 0;
                        g->cached_sectors = 0;
                }
-       };
+       }
 }
 
 static int bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -1578,12 +1579,13 @@ static int bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        }
 
        if (fsck_err_on(r->refcount != le64_to_cpu(*refcount), c,
+                       reflink_v_refcount_wrong,
                        "reflink key has wrong refcount:\n"
                        "  %s\n"
                        "  should be %u",
                        (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf),
                        r->refcount)) {
-               struct bkey_i *new = bch2_bkey_make_mut(trans, k);
+               struct bkey_i *new = bch2_bkey_make_mut(trans, iter, &k, 0);
 
                ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(new);
                if (ret)
@@ -1592,9 +1594,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
                if (!r->refcount)
                        new->k.type = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
                else
-                       *bkey_refcount(new) = cpu_to_le64(r->refcount);
-
-               ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, new, 0);
+                       *bkey_refcount(bkey_i_to_s(new)) = cpu_to_le64(r->refcount);
        }
 fsck_err:
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
@@ -1603,64 +1603,52 @@ fsck_err:
 
 static int bch2_gc_reflink_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
        size_t idx = 0;
-       int ret = 0;
 
        if (metadata_only)
                return 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
-
-       ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter,
-                       BTREE_ID_reflink, POS_MIN,
-                       BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
-                       NULL, NULL, BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
-               bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(&trans, &iter, k, &idx));
-
+       int ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
+               for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter,
+                               BTREE_ID_reflink, POS_MIN,
+                               BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
+                               NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
+                       bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(trans, &iter, k, &idx)));
        c->reflink_gc_nr = 0;
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
        return ret;
 }
 
 static int bch2_gc_reflink_start(struct bch_fs *c,
                                 bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct reflink_gc *r;
-       int ret = 0;
 
        if (metadata_only)
                return 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
        c->reflink_gc_nr = 0;
 
-       for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_reflink, POS_MIN,
-                          BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ret) {
-               const __le64 *refcount = bkey_refcount_c(k);
+       int ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
+               for_each_btree_key(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_reflink, POS_MIN,
+                                  BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k, ({
+                       const __le64 *refcount = bkey_refcount_c(k);
 
-               if (!refcount)
-                       continue;
+                       if (!refcount)
+                               continue;
 
-               r = genradix_ptr_alloc(&c->reflink_gc_table, c->reflink_gc_nr++,
-                                      GFP_KERNEL);
-               if (!r) {
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
-                       break;
-               }
+                       struct reflink_gc *r = genradix_ptr_alloc(&c->reflink_gc_table,
+                                                       c->reflink_gc_nr++, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       if (!r) {
+                               ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_reflink_start;
+                               break;
+                       }
 
-               r->offset       = k.k->p.offset;
-               r->size         = k.k->size;
-               r->refcount     = 0;
-       }
-       bch2_trans_iter_exit(&trans, &iter);
+                       r->offset       = k.k->p.offset;
+                       r->size         = k.k->size;
+                       r->refcount     = 0;
+                       0;
+               })));
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1681,6 +1669,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
        const struct bch_stripe *s;
        struct gc_stripe *m;
+       bool bad = false;
        unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
@@ -1690,18 +1679,22 @@ static int bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v;
        m = genradix_ptr(&c->gc_stripes, k.k->p.offset);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < s->nr_blocks; i++)
-               if (stripe_blockcount_get(s, i) != (m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0))
-                       goto inconsistent;
-       return 0;
-inconsistent:
-       if (fsck_err_on(true, c,
-                       "stripe has wrong block sector count %u:\n"
-                       "  %s\n"
-                       "  should be %u", i,
-                       (printbuf_reset(&buf),
-                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf),
-                       m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0)) {
+       for (i = 0; i < s->nr_blocks; i++) {
+               u32 old = stripe_blockcount_get(s, i);
+               u32 new = (m ? m->block_sectors[i] : 0);
+
+               if (old != new) {
+                       prt_printf(&buf, "stripe block %u has wrong sector count: got %u, should be %u\n",
+                                  i, old, new);
+                       bad = true;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (bad)
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
+
+       if (fsck_err_on(bad, c, stripe_sector_count_wrong,
+                       "%s", buf.buf)) {
                struct bkey_i_stripe *new;
 
                new = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(k.k));
@@ -1723,24 +1716,15 @@ fsck_err:
 
 static int bch2_gc_stripes_done(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       int ret = 0;
-
        if (metadata_only)
                return 0;
 
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
-
-       ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter,
-                       BTREE_ID_stripes, POS_MIN,
-                       BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
-                       NULL, NULL, BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
-               bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(&trans, &iter, k));
-
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
-       return ret;
+       return bch2_trans_run(c,
+               for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter,
+                               BTREE_ID_stripes, POS_MIN,
+                               BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k,
+                               NULL, NULL, BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
+                       bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(trans, &iter, k)));
 }
 
 static void bch2_gc_stripes_reset(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
@@ -1751,6 +1735,12 @@ static void bch2_gc_stripes_reset(struct bch_fs *c, bool metadata_only)
 /**
  * bch2_gc - walk _all_ references to buckets, and recompute them:
  *
+ * @c:                 filesystem object
+ * @initial:           are we in recovery?
+ * @metadata_only:     are we just checking metadata references, or everything?
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 on success, or standard errcode on failure
+ *
  * Order matters here:
  *  - Concurrent GC relies on the fact that we have a total ordering for
  *    everything that GC walks - see  gc_will_visit_node(),
@@ -1787,31 +1777,8 @@ again:
 
        bch2_mark_superblocks(c);
 
-       if (BCH_SB_HAS_TOPOLOGY_ERRORS(c->disk_sb.sb) &&
-           !test_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_DONE, &c->flags) &&
-           c->opts.fix_errors != FSCK_OPT_NO) {
-               bch_info(c, "Starting topology repair pass");
-               ret = bch2_repair_topology(c);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto out;
-               bch_info(c, "Topology repair pass done");
-
-               set_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags);
-       }
-
        ret = bch2_gc_btrees(c, initial, metadata_only);
 
-       if (ret == -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair &&
-           !test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_REPAIR_DONE, &c->flags) &&
-           !test_bit(BCH_FS_INITIAL_GC_DONE, &c->flags)) {
-               set_bit(BCH_FS_NEED_ANOTHER_GC, &c->flags);
-               SET_BCH_SB_HAS_TOPOLOGY_ERRORS(c->disk_sb.sb, true);
-               ret = 0;
-       }
-
-       if (ret == -BCH_ERR_need_topology_repair)
-               ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_errors_not_fixed;
-
        if (ret)
                goto out;
 
@@ -1820,7 +1787,7 @@ again:
 #endif
        c->gc_count++;
 
-       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_NEED_ANOTHER_GC, &c->flags) ||
+       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_need_another_gc, &c->flags) ||
            (!iter && bch2_test_restart_gc)) {
                if (iter++ > 2) {
                        bch_info(c, "Unable to fix bucket gens, looping");
@@ -1832,7 +1799,7 @@ again:
                 * XXX: make sure gens we fixed got saved
                 */
                bch_info(c, "Second GC pass needed, restarting:");
-               clear_bit(BCH_FS_NEED_ANOTHER_GC, &c->flags);
+               clear_bit(BCH_FS_need_another_gc, &c->flags);
                __gc_pos_set(c, gc_phase(GC_PHASE_NOT_RUNNING));
 
                bch2_gc_stripes_reset(c, metadata_only);
@@ -1872,6 +1839,7 @@ out:
         * allocator thread - issue wakeup in case they blocked on gc_lock:
         */
        closure_wake_up(&c->freelist_wait);
+       bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1881,7 +1849,6 @@ static int gc_btree_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
-       const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr;
        struct bkey_i *u;
        int ret;
 
@@ -1905,13 +1872,13 @@ static int gc_btree_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
        return 0;
 update:
-       u = bch2_bkey_make_mut(trans, k);
+       u = bch2_bkey_make_mut(trans, iter, &k, 0);
        ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(u);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
        bch2_extent_normalize(c, bkey_i_to_s(u));
-       return bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, u, 0);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int bch2_alloc_write_oldest_gen(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
@@ -1939,12 +1906,7 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_oldest_gen(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_i
 
 int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct btree_trans trans;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
        u64 b, start_time = local_clock();
-       unsigned i;
        int ret;
 
        /*
@@ -1957,56 +1919,49 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
 
        trace_and_count(c, gc_gens_start, c);
        down_read(&c->gc_lock);
-       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
 
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
-               struct bucket_gens *gens;
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
+               struct bucket_gens *gens = bucket_gens(ca);
 
                BUG_ON(ca->oldest_gen);
 
-               ca->oldest_gen = kvmalloc(ca->mi.nbuckets, GFP_KERNEL);
+               ca->oldest_gen = kvmalloc(gens->nbuckets, GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!ca->oldest_gen) {
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
-                       ret = -ENOMEM;
+                       ret = -BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_gc_gens;
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               gens = bucket_gens(ca);
-
                for (b = gens->first_bucket;
                     b < gens->nbuckets; b++)
                        ca->oldest_gen[b] = gens->b[b];
        }
 
-       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
+       for (unsigned i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
                if (btree_type_has_ptrs(i)) {
-                       struct btree_iter iter;
-                       struct bkey_s_c k;
-
                        c->gc_gens_btree = i;
                        c->gc_gens_pos = POS_MIN;
-                       ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter, i,
-                                       POS_MIN,
-                                       BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH|BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS,
-                                       k,
-                                       NULL, NULL,
-                                       BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
-                               gc_btree_gens_key(&trans, &iter, k));
-                       if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
-                               bch_err(c, "error recalculating oldest_gen: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+
+                       ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
+                               for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter, i,
+                                               POS_MIN,
+                                               BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH|BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS,
+                                               k,
+                                               NULL, NULL,
+                                               BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
+                                       gc_btree_gens_key(trans, &iter, k)));
                        if (ret)
                                goto err;
                }
 
-       ret = for_each_btree_key_commit(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
-                       POS_MIN,
-                       BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH,
-                       k,
-                       NULL, NULL,
-                       BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL,
-               bch2_alloc_write_oldest_gen(&trans, &iter, k));
-       if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
-               bch_err(c, "error writing oldest_gen: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
+       ret = bch2_trans_run(c,
+               for_each_btree_key_commit(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
+                               POS_MIN,
+                               BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH,
+                               k,
+                               NULL, NULL,
+                               BCH_TRANS_COMMIT_no_enospc,
+                       bch2_alloc_write_oldest_gen(trans, &iter, k)));
        if (ret)
                goto err;
 
@@ -2018,14 +1973,15 @@ int bch2_gc_gens(struct bch_fs *c)
        bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_gc], start_time);
        trace_and_count(c, gc_gens_end, c);
 err:
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
+       for_each_member_device(c, ca) {
                kvfree(ca->oldest_gen);
                ca->oldest_gen = NULL;
        }
 
-       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
        up_read(&c->gc_lock);
        mutex_unlock(&c->gc_gens_lock);
+       if (!bch2_err_matches(ret, EROFS))
+               bch_err_fn(c, ret);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2035,7 +1991,6 @@ static int bch2_gc_thread(void *arg)
        struct io_clock *clock = &c->io_clock[WRITE];
        unsigned long last = atomic64_read(&clock->now);
        unsigned last_kick = atomic_read(&c->kick_gc);
-       int ret;
 
        set_freezable();
 
@@ -2075,11 +2030,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_thread(void *arg)
 #if 0
                ret = bch2_gc(c, false, false);
 #else
-               ret = bch2_gc_gens(c);
+               bch2_gc_gens(c);
 #endif
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       bch_err(c, "btree gc failed: %s", bch2_err_str(ret));
-
                debug_check_no_locks_held();
        }
 
@@ -2108,7 +2060,7 @@ int bch2_gc_thread_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 
        p = kthread_create(bch2_gc_thread, c, "bch-gc/%s", c->name);
        if (IS_ERR(p)) {
-               bch_err(c, "error creating gc thread: %s", bch2_err_str(PTR_ERR(p)));
+               bch_err_fn(c, PTR_ERR(p));
                return PTR_ERR(p);
        }