]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/btree_io.c
Update bcachefs sources to 4837f82ee1 bcachefs: Use cached iterators for alloc btree
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / btree_io.c
index 847dfd685eacda5af224a19b98ac7f10c272b767..5fc9137b822e22f71b09ce746fd10dda60c19964 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
 #include "bkey_methods.h"
+#include "bkey_sort.h"
 #include "btree_cache.h"
 #include "btree_io.h"
 #include "btree_iter.h"
 #include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
 
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 #include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
-/* btree_node_iter_large: */
-
-#define btree_node_iter_cmp_heap(h, _l, _r)                            \
-       __btree_node_iter_cmp((iter)->is_extents, b,                    \
-                              __btree_node_offset_to_key(b, (_l).k),   \
-                              __btree_node_offset_to_key(b, (_r).k))
-
-void bch2_btree_node_iter_large_push(struct btree_node_iter_large *iter,
-                                    struct btree *b,
-                                    const struct bkey_packed *k,
-                                    const struct bkey_packed *end)
-{
-       if (k != end) {
-               struct btree_node_iter_set n =
-                       ((struct btree_node_iter_set) {
-                                __btree_node_key_to_offset(b, k),
-                                __btree_node_key_to_offset(b, end)
-                        });
-
-               __heap_add(iter, n, btree_node_iter_cmp_heap);
-       }
-}
-
-void bch2_btree_node_iter_large_advance(struct btree_node_iter_large *iter,
-                                       struct btree *b)
-{
-       iter->data->k += __btree_node_offset_to_key(b, iter->data->k)->u64s;
-
-       EBUG_ON(!iter->used);
-       EBUG_ON(iter->data->k > iter->data->end);
-
-       if (iter->data->k == iter->data->end)
-               heap_del(iter, 0, btree_node_iter_cmp_heap);
-       else
-               heap_sift_down(iter, 0, btree_node_iter_cmp_heap);
-}
-
 static void verify_no_dups(struct btree *b,
                           struct bkey_packed *start,
-                          struct bkey_packed *end)
+                          struct bkey_packed *end,
+                          bool extents)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
-       struct bkey_packed *k;
+       struct bkey_packed *k, *p;
 
-       for (k = start; k != end && bkey_next(k) != end; k = bkey_next(k)) {
-               struct bkey l = bkey_unpack_key(b, k);
-               struct bkey r = bkey_unpack_key(b, bkey_next(k));
+       if (start == end)
+               return;
 
-               BUG_ON(btree_node_is_extents(b)
+       for (p = start, k = bkey_next_skip_noops(start, end);
+            k != end;
+            p = k, k = bkey_next_skip_noops(k, end)) {
+               struct bkey l = bkey_unpack_key(b, p);
+               struct bkey r = bkey_unpack_key(b, k);
+
+               BUG_ON(extents
                       ? bkey_cmp(l.p, bkey_start_pos(&r)) > 0
                       : bkey_cmp(l.p, bkey_start_pos(&r)) >= 0);
-               //BUG_ON(bkey_cmp_packed(&b->format, k, bkey_next(k)) >= 0);
+               //BUG_ON(bkey_cmp_packed(&b->format, p, k) >= 0);
        }
 #endif
 }
 
-static void clear_needs_whiteout(struct bset *i)
+static void set_needs_whiteout(struct bset *i, int v)
 {
        struct bkey_packed *k;
 
-       for (k = i->start; k != vstruct_last(i); k = bkey_next(k))
-               k->needs_whiteout = false;
-}
-
-static void set_needs_whiteout(struct bset *i)
-{
-       struct bkey_packed *k;
-
-       for (k = i->start; k != vstruct_last(i); k = bkey_next(k))
-               k->needs_whiteout = true;
+       for (k = i->start;
+            k != vstruct_last(i);
+            k = bkey_next_skip_noops(k, vstruct_last(i)))
+               k->needs_whiteout = v;
 }
 
 static void btree_bounce_free(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned order,
@@ -103,224 +69,118 @@ static void btree_bounce_free(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned order,
 static void *btree_bounce_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned order,
                                bool *used_mempool)
 {
+       unsigned flags = memalloc_nofs_save();
        void *p;
 
        BUG_ON(order > btree_page_order(c));
 
        *used_mempool = false;
        p = (void *) __get_free_pages(__GFP_NOWARN|GFP_NOWAIT, order);
-       if (p)
-               return p;
-
-       *used_mempool = true;
-       return mempool_alloc(&c->btree_bounce_pool, GFP_NOIO);
-}
-
-typedef int (*sort_cmp_fn)(struct btree *,
-                          struct bkey_packed *,
-                          struct bkey_packed *);
-
-struct sort_iter {
-       struct btree    *b;
-       unsigned                used;
-
-       struct sort_iter_set {
-               struct bkey_packed *k, *end;
-       } data[MAX_BSETS + 1];
-};
-
-static void sort_iter_init(struct sort_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
-{
-       memset(iter, 0, sizeof(*iter));
-       iter->b = b;
-}
-
-static inline void __sort_iter_sift(struct sort_iter *iter,
-                                   unsigned from,
-                                   sort_cmp_fn cmp)
-{
-       unsigned i;
-
-       for (i = from;
-            i + 1 < iter->used &&
-            cmp(iter->b, iter->data[i].k, iter->data[i + 1].k) > 0;
-            i++)
-               swap(iter->data[i], iter->data[i + 1]);
-}
-
-static inline void sort_iter_sift(struct sort_iter *iter, sort_cmp_fn cmp)
-{
-
-       __sort_iter_sift(iter, 0, cmp);
-}
-
-static inline void sort_iter_sort(struct sort_iter *iter, sort_cmp_fn cmp)
-{
-       unsigned i = iter->used;
-
-       while (i--)
-               __sort_iter_sift(iter, i, cmp);
-}
-
-static void sort_iter_add(struct sort_iter *iter,
-                         struct bkey_packed *k,
-                         struct bkey_packed *end)
-{
-       BUG_ON(iter->used >= ARRAY_SIZE(iter->data));
-
-       if (k != end)
-               iter->data[iter->used++] = (struct sort_iter_set) { k, end };
-}
-
-static inline struct bkey_packed *sort_iter_peek(struct sort_iter *iter)
-{
-       return iter->used ? iter->data->k : NULL;
-}
-
-static inline void sort_iter_advance(struct sort_iter *iter, sort_cmp_fn cmp)
-{
-       iter->data->k = bkey_next(iter->data->k);
-
-       BUG_ON(iter->data->k > iter->data->end);
-
-       if (iter->data->k == iter->data->end)
-               array_remove_item(iter->data, iter->used, 0);
-       else
-               sort_iter_sift(iter, cmp);
-}
-
-static inline struct bkey_packed *sort_iter_next(struct sort_iter *iter,
-                                                sort_cmp_fn cmp)
-{
-       struct bkey_packed *ret = sort_iter_peek(iter);
-
-       if (ret)
-               sort_iter_advance(iter, cmp);
-
-       return ret;
+       if (!p) {
+               *used_mempool = true;
+               p = mempool_alloc(&c->btree_bounce_pool, GFP_NOIO);
+       }
+       memalloc_nofs_restore(flags);
+       return p;
 }
 
-static inline int sort_key_whiteouts_cmp(struct btree *b,
-                                        struct bkey_packed *l,
-                                        struct bkey_packed *r)
+static void sort_bkey_ptrs(const struct btree *bt,
+                          struct bkey_packed **ptrs, unsigned nr)
 {
-       return bkey_cmp_packed(b, l, r);
-}
+       unsigned n = nr, a = nr / 2, b, c, d;
 
-static unsigned sort_key_whiteouts(struct bkey_packed *dst,
-                                  struct sort_iter *iter)
-{
-       struct bkey_packed *in, *out = dst;
+       if (!a)
+               return;
 
-       sort_iter_sort(iter, sort_key_whiteouts_cmp);
+       /* Heap sort: see lib/sort.c: */
+       while (1) {
+               if (a)
+                       a--;
+               else if (--n)
+                       swap(ptrs[0], ptrs[n]);
+               else
+                       break;
 
-       while ((in = sort_iter_next(iter, sort_key_whiteouts_cmp))) {
-               bkey_copy(out, in);
-               out = bkey_next(out);
+               for (b = a; c = 2 * b + 1, (d = c + 1) < n;)
+                       b = bkey_cmp_packed(bt,
+                                           ptrs[c],
+                                           ptrs[d]) >= 0 ? c : d;
+               if (d == n)
+                       b = c;
+
+               while (b != a &&
+                      bkey_cmp_packed(bt,
+                                      ptrs[a],
+                                      ptrs[b]) >= 0)
+                       b = (b - 1) / 2;
+               c = b;
+               while (b != a) {
+                       b = (b - 1) / 2;
+                       swap(ptrs[b], ptrs[c]);
+               }
        }
-
-       return (u64 *) out - (u64 *) dst;
-}
-
-static inline int sort_extent_whiteouts_cmp(struct btree *b,
-                                           struct bkey_packed *l,
-                                           struct bkey_packed *r)
-{
-       struct bkey ul = bkey_unpack_key(b, l);
-       struct bkey ur = bkey_unpack_key(b, r);
-
-       return bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(&ul), bkey_start_pos(&ur));
 }
 
-static unsigned sort_extent_whiteouts(struct bkey_packed *dst,
-                                     struct sort_iter *iter)
+static void bch2_sort_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
 {
-       const struct bkey_format *f = &iter->b->format;
-       struct bkey_packed *in, *out = dst;
-       struct bkey_i l, r;
-       bool prev = false, l_packed = false;
-       u64 max_packed_size     = bkey_field_max(f, BKEY_FIELD_SIZE);
-       u64 max_packed_offset   = bkey_field_max(f, BKEY_FIELD_OFFSET);
-       u64 new_size;
-
-       max_packed_size = min_t(u64, max_packed_size, KEY_SIZE_MAX);
-
-       sort_iter_sort(iter, sort_extent_whiteouts_cmp);
-
-       while ((in = sort_iter_next(iter, sort_extent_whiteouts_cmp))) {
-               EBUG_ON(bkeyp_val_u64s(f, in));
-               EBUG_ON(in->type != KEY_TYPE_DISCARD);
-
-               r.k = bkey_unpack_key(iter->b, in);
+       struct bkey_packed *new_whiteouts, **ptrs, **ptrs_end, *k;
+       bool used_mempool = false;
+       unsigned order;
 
-               if (prev &&
-                   bkey_cmp(l.k.p, bkey_start_pos(&r.k)) >= 0) {
-                       if (bkey_cmp(l.k.p, r.k.p) >= 0)
-                               continue;
+       if (!b->whiteout_u64s)
+               return;
 
-                       new_size = l_packed
-                               ? min(max_packed_size, max_packed_offset -
-                                     bkey_start_offset(&l.k))
-                               : KEY_SIZE_MAX;
+       order = get_order(b->whiteout_u64s * sizeof(u64));
 
-                       new_size = min(new_size, r.k.p.offset -
-                                      bkey_start_offset(&l.k));
+       new_whiteouts = btree_bounce_alloc(c, order, &used_mempool);
 
-                       BUG_ON(new_size < l.k.size);
+       ptrs = ptrs_end = ((void *) new_whiteouts + (PAGE_SIZE << order));
 
-                       bch2_key_resize(&l.k, new_size);
+       for (k = unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b);
+            k != unwritten_whiteouts_end(c, b);
+            k = bkey_next(k))
+               *--ptrs = k;
 
-                       if (bkey_cmp(l.k.p, r.k.p) >= 0)
-                               continue;
+       sort_bkey_ptrs(b, ptrs, ptrs_end - ptrs);
 
-                       bch2_cut_front(l.k.p, &r);
-               }
+       k = new_whiteouts;
 
-               if (prev) {
-                       if (!bch2_bkey_pack(out, &l, f)) {
-                               BUG_ON(l_packed);
-                               bkey_copy(out, &l);
-                       }
-                       out = bkey_next(out);
-               }
-
-               l = r;
-               prev = true;
-               l_packed = bkey_packed(in);
+       while (ptrs != ptrs_end) {
+               bkey_copy(k, *ptrs);
+               k = bkey_next(k);
+               ptrs++;
        }
 
-       if (prev) {
-               if (!bch2_bkey_pack(out, &l, f)) {
-                       BUG_ON(l_packed);
-                       bkey_copy(out, &l);
-               }
-               out = bkey_next(out);
-       }
+       verify_no_dups(b, new_whiteouts,
+                      (void *) ((u64 *) new_whiteouts + b->whiteout_u64s),
+                      btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b));
+
+       memcpy_u64s(unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b),
+                   new_whiteouts, b->whiteout_u64s);
 
-       return (u64 *) out - (u64 *) dst;
+       btree_bounce_free(c, order, used_mempool, new_whiteouts);
 }
 
-static unsigned should_compact_bset(struct btree *b, struct bset_tree *t,
-                                   bool compacting,
-                                   enum compact_mode mode)
+static bool should_compact_bset(struct btree *b, struct bset_tree *t,
+                               bool compacting, enum compact_mode mode)
 {
-       unsigned bset_u64s = le16_to_cpu(bset(b, t)->u64s);
-       unsigned dead_u64s = bset_u64s - b->nr.bset_u64s[t - b->set];
+       if (!bset_dead_u64s(b, t))
+               return false;
 
-       if (mode == COMPACT_LAZY) {
-               if (should_compact_bset_lazy(b, t) ||
-                   (compacting && bset_unwritten(b, bset(b, t))))
-                       return dead_u64s;
-       } else {
-               if (bset_written(b, bset(b, t)))
-                       return dead_u64s;
+       switch (mode) {
+       case COMPACT_LAZY:
+               return should_compact_bset_lazy(b, t) ||
+                       (compacting && !bset_written(b, bset(b, t)));
+       case COMPACT_ALL:
+               return true;
+       default:
+               BUG();
        }
-
-       return 0;
 }
 
-bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
-                            enum compact_mode mode)
+static bool bch2_compact_extent_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                         struct btree *b,
+                                         enum compact_mode mode)
 {
        const struct bkey_format *f = &b->format;
        struct bset_tree *t;
@@ -330,13 +190,17 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        unsigned order, whiteout_u64s = 0, u64s;
        bool used_mempool, compacting = false;
 
+       BUG_ON(!btree_node_is_extents(b));
+
        for_each_bset(b, t)
-               whiteout_u64s += should_compact_bset(b, t,
-                                       whiteout_u64s != 0, mode);
+               if (should_compact_bset(b, t, whiteout_u64s != 0, mode))
+                       whiteout_u64s += bset_dead_u64s(b, t);
 
        if (!whiteout_u64s)
                return false;
 
+       bch2_sort_whiteouts(c, b);
+
        sort_iter_init(&sort_iter, b);
 
        whiteout_u64s += b->whiteout_u64s;
@@ -356,12 +220,15 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                struct bkey_packed *k, *n, *out, *start, *end;
                struct btree_node_entry *src = NULL, *dst = NULL;
 
-               if (t != b->set && bset_unwritten(b, i)) {
+               if (t != b->set && !bset_written(b, i)) {
                        src = container_of(i, struct btree_node_entry, keys);
                        dst = max(write_block(b),
-                                 (void *) btree_bkey_last(b, t -1));
+                                 (void *) btree_bkey_last(b, t - 1));
                }
 
+               if (src != dst)
+                       compacting = true;
+
                if (!should_compact_bset(b, t, compacting, mode)) {
                        if (src != dst) {
                                memmove(dst, src, sizeof(*src) +
@@ -387,20 +254,23 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                out = i->start;
 
                for (k = start; k != end; k = n) {
-                       n = bkey_next(k);
+                       n = bkey_next_skip_noops(k, end);
 
-                       if (bkey_deleted(k) && btree_node_is_extents(b))
+                       if (bkey_deleted(k))
                                continue;
 
+                       BUG_ON(bkey_whiteout(k) &&
+                              k->needs_whiteout &&
+                              bkey_written(b, k));
+
                        if (bkey_whiteout(k) && !k->needs_whiteout)
                                continue;
 
                        if (bkey_whiteout(k)) {
-                               unreserve_whiteout(b, t, k);
                                memcpy_u64s(u_pos, k, bkeyp_key_u64s(f, k));
                                set_bkeyp_val_u64s(f, u_pos, 0);
                                u_pos = bkey_next(u_pos);
-                       } else if (mode != COMPACT_WRITTEN_NO_WRITE_LOCK) {
+                       } else {
                                bkey_copy(out, k);
                                out = bkey_next(out);
                        }
@@ -408,11 +278,9 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
                sort_iter_add(&sort_iter, u_start, u_pos);
 
-               if (mode != COMPACT_WRITTEN_NO_WRITE_LOCK) {
-                       i->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) out - i->_data);
-                       set_btree_bset_end(b, t);
-                       bch2_bset_set_no_aux_tree(b, t);
-               }
+               i->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) out - i->_data);
+               set_btree_bset_end(b, t);
+               bch2_bset_set_no_aux_tree(b, t);
        }
 
        b->whiteout_u64s = (u64 *) u_pos - (u64 *) whiteouts;
@@ -420,14 +288,10 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        BUG_ON((void *) unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b) <
               (void *) btree_bkey_last(b, bset_tree_last(b)));
 
-       u64s = btree_node_is_extents(b)
-               ? sort_extent_whiteouts(unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b),
-                                       &sort_iter)
-               : sort_key_whiteouts(unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b),
-                                    &sort_iter);
+       u64s = bch2_sort_extent_whiteouts(unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b),
+                                         &sort_iter);
 
        BUG_ON(u64s > b->whiteout_u64s);
-       BUG_ON(u64s != b->whiteout_u64s && !btree_node_is_extents(b));
        BUG_ON(u_pos != whiteouts && !u64s);
 
        if (u64s != b->whiteout_u64s) {
@@ -439,12 +303,12 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        verify_no_dups(b,
                       unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b),
-                      unwritten_whiteouts_end(c, b));
+                      unwritten_whiteouts_end(c, b),
+                      true);
 
        btree_bounce_free(c, order, used_mempool, whiteouts);
 
-       if (mode != COMPACT_WRITTEN_NO_WRITE_LOCK)
-               bch2_btree_build_aux_trees(b);
+       bch2_btree_build_aux_trees(b);
 
        bch_btree_keys_u64s_remaining(c, b);
        bch2_verify_btree_nr_keys(b);
@@ -452,7 +316,7 @@ bool __bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        return true;
 }
 
-static bool bch2_drop_whiteouts(struct btree *b)
+static bool bch2_drop_whiteouts(struct btree *b, enum compact_mode mode)
 {
        struct bset_tree *t;
        bool ret = false;
@@ -460,124 +324,69 @@ static bool bch2_drop_whiteouts(struct btree *b)
        for_each_bset(b, t) {
                struct bset *i = bset(b, t);
                struct bkey_packed *k, *n, *out, *start, *end;
+               struct btree_node_entry *src = NULL, *dst = NULL;
+
+               if (t != b->set && !bset_written(b, i)) {
+                       src = container_of(i, struct btree_node_entry, keys);
+                       dst = max(write_block(b),
+                                 (void *) btree_bkey_last(b, t - 1));
+               }
+
+               if (src != dst)
+                       ret = true;
 
-               if (!should_compact_bset(b, t, true, COMPACT_WRITTEN))
+               if (!should_compact_bset(b, t, ret, mode)) {
+                       if (src != dst) {
+                               memmove(dst, src, sizeof(*src) +
+                                       le16_to_cpu(src->keys.u64s) *
+                                       sizeof(u64));
+                               i = &dst->keys;
+                               set_btree_bset(b, t, i);
+                       }
                        continue;
+               }
 
                start   = btree_bkey_first(b, t);
                end     = btree_bkey_last(b, t);
 
-               if (bset_unwritten(b, i) &&
-                   t != b->set) {
-                       struct bset *dst =
-                              max_t(struct bset *, write_block(b),
-                                    (void *) btree_bkey_last(b, t -1));
-
-                       memmove(dst, i, sizeof(struct bset));
-                       i = dst;
+               if (src != dst) {
+                       memmove(dst, src, sizeof(*src));
+                       i = &dst->keys;
                        set_btree_bset(b, t, i);
                }
 
                out = i->start;
 
                for (k = start; k != end; k = n) {
-                       n = bkey_next(k);
+                       n = bkey_next_skip_noops(k, end);
 
                        if (!bkey_whiteout(k)) {
                                bkey_copy(out, k);
                                out = bkey_next(out);
+                       } else {
+                               BUG_ON(k->needs_whiteout);
                        }
                }
 
                i->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) out - i->_data);
+               set_btree_bset_end(b, t);
                bch2_bset_set_no_aux_tree(b, t);
                ret = true;
        }
 
        bch2_verify_btree_nr_keys(b);
 
-       return ret;
-}
-
-static inline int sort_keys_cmp(struct btree *b,
-                               struct bkey_packed *l,
-                               struct bkey_packed *r)
-{
-       return bkey_cmp_packed(b, l, r) ?:
-               (int) bkey_whiteout(r) - (int) bkey_whiteout(l) ?:
-               (int) l->needs_whiteout - (int) r->needs_whiteout;
-}
-
-static unsigned sort_keys(struct bkey_packed *dst,
-                         struct sort_iter *iter,
-                         bool filter_whiteouts)
-{
-       const struct bkey_format *f = &iter->b->format;
-       struct bkey_packed *in, *next, *out = dst;
-
-       sort_iter_sort(iter, sort_keys_cmp);
-
-       while ((in = sort_iter_next(iter, sort_keys_cmp))) {
-               if (bkey_whiteout(in) &&
-                   (filter_whiteouts || !in->needs_whiteout))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (bkey_whiteout(in) &&
-                   (next = sort_iter_peek(iter)) &&
-                   !bkey_cmp_packed(iter->b, in, next)) {
-                       BUG_ON(in->needs_whiteout &&
-                              next->needs_whiteout);
-                       /*
-                        * XXX racy, called with read lock from write path
-                        *
-                        * leads to spurious BUG_ON() in bkey_unpack_key() in
-                        * debug mode
-                        */
-                       next->needs_whiteout |= in->needs_whiteout;
-                       continue;
-               }
-
-               if (bkey_whiteout(in)) {
-                       memcpy_u64s(out, in, bkeyp_key_u64s(f, in));
-                       set_bkeyp_val_u64s(f, out, 0);
-               } else {
-                       bkey_copy(out, in);
-               }
-               out = bkey_next(out);
-       }
-
-       return (u64 *) out - (u64 *) dst;
-}
+       bch2_btree_build_aux_trees(b);
 
-static inline int sort_extents_cmp(struct btree *b,
-                                  struct bkey_packed *l,
-                                  struct bkey_packed *r)
-{
-       return bkey_cmp_packed(b, l, r) ?:
-               (int) bkey_deleted(l) - (int) bkey_deleted(r);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static unsigned sort_extents(struct bkey_packed *dst,
-                            struct sort_iter *iter,
-                            bool filter_whiteouts)
+bool bch2_compact_whiteouts(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
+                           enum compact_mode mode)
 {
-       struct bkey_packed *in, *out = dst;
-
-       sort_iter_sort(iter, sort_extents_cmp);
-
-       while ((in = sort_iter_next(iter, sort_extents_cmp))) {
-               if (bkey_deleted(in))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (bkey_whiteout(in) &&
-                   (filter_whiteouts || !in->needs_whiteout))
-                       continue;
-
-               bkey_copy(out, in);
-               out = bkey_next(out);
-       }
-
-       return (u64 *) out - (u64 *) dst;
+       return !btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b)
+               ? bch2_drop_whiteouts(b, mode)
+               : bch2_compact_extent_whiteouts(c, b, mode);
 }
 
 static void btree_node_sort(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
@@ -615,19 +424,21 @@ static void btree_node_sort(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        start_time = local_clock();
 
-       if (btree_node_is_extents(b))
+       if (btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b))
                filter_whiteouts = bset_written(b, start_bset);
 
-       u64s = btree_node_is_extents(b)
-               ? sort_extents(out->keys.start, &sort_iter, filter_whiteouts)
-               : sort_keys(out->keys.start, &sort_iter, filter_whiteouts);
+       u64s = (btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b)
+               ? bch2_sort_extents
+               : bch2_sort_keys)(out->keys.start,
+                                 &sort_iter,
+                                 filter_whiteouts);
 
        out->keys.u64s = cpu_to_le16(u64s);
 
        BUG_ON(vstruct_end(&out->keys) > (void *) out + (PAGE_SIZE << order));
 
        if (sorting_entire_node)
-               bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_sort],
+               bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_node_sort],
                                       start_time);
 
        /* Make sure we preserve bset journal_seq: */
@@ -678,101 +489,6 @@ static void btree_node_sort(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        bch2_verify_btree_nr_keys(b);
 }
 
-/* Sort + repack in a new format: */
-static struct btree_nr_keys sort_repack(struct bset *dst,
-                                       struct btree *src,
-                                       struct btree_node_iter *src_iter,
-                                       struct bkey_format *out_f,
-                                       bool filter_whiteouts)
-{
-       struct bkey_format *in_f = &src->format;
-       struct bkey_packed *in, *out = vstruct_last(dst);
-       struct btree_nr_keys nr;
-
-       memset(&nr, 0, sizeof(nr));
-
-       while ((in = bch2_btree_node_iter_next_all(src_iter, src))) {
-               if (filter_whiteouts && bkey_whiteout(in))
-                       continue;
-
-               if (bch2_bkey_transform(out_f, out, bkey_packed(in)
-                                      ? in_f : &bch2_bkey_format_current, in))
-                       out->format = KEY_FORMAT_LOCAL_BTREE;
-               else
-                       bch2_bkey_unpack(src, (void *) out, in);
-
-               btree_keys_account_key_add(&nr, 0, out);
-               out = bkey_next(out);
-       }
-
-       dst->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) out - dst->_data);
-       return nr;
-}
-
-/* Sort, repack, and merge: */
-static struct btree_nr_keys sort_repack_merge(struct bch_fs *c,
-                                             struct bset *dst,
-                                             struct btree *src,
-                                             struct btree_node_iter *iter,
-                                             struct bkey_format *out_f,
-                                             bool filter_whiteouts,
-                                             key_filter_fn filter,
-                                             key_merge_fn merge)
-{
-       struct bkey_packed *k, *prev = NULL, *out;
-       struct btree_nr_keys nr;
-       BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
-
-       memset(&nr, 0, sizeof(nr));
-
-       while ((k = bch2_btree_node_iter_next_all(iter, src))) {
-               if (filter_whiteouts && bkey_whiteout(k))
-                       continue;
-
-               /*
-                * The filter might modify pointers, so we have to unpack the
-                * key and values to &tmp.k:
-                */
-               bch2_bkey_unpack(src, &tmp.k, k);
-
-               if (filter && filter(c, src, bkey_i_to_s(&tmp.k)))
-                       continue;
-
-               /* prev is always unpacked, for key merging: */
-
-               if (prev &&
-                   merge &&
-                   merge(c, src, (void *) prev, &tmp.k) == BCH_MERGE_MERGE)
-                       continue;
-
-               /*
-                * the current key becomes the new prev: advance prev, then
-                * copy the current key - but first pack prev (in place):
-                */
-               if (prev) {
-                       bch2_bkey_pack(prev, (void *) prev, out_f);
-
-                       btree_keys_account_key_add(&nr, 0, prev);
-                       prev = bkey_next(prev);
-               } else {
-                       prev = vstruct_last(dst);
-               }
-
-               bkey_copy(prev, &tmp.k);
-       }
-
-       if (prev) {
-               bch2_bkey_pack(prev, (void *) prev, out_f);
-               btree_keys_account_key_add(&nr, 0, prev);
-               out = bkey_next(prev);
-       } else {
-               out = vstruct_last(dst);
-       }
-
-       dst->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) out - dst->_data);
-       return nr;
-}
-
 void bch2_btree_sort_into(struct bch_fs *c,
                         struct btree *dst,
                         struct btree *src)
@@ -785,24 +501,21 @@ void bch2_btree_sort_into(struct bch_fs *c,
 
        bch2_bset_set_no_aux_tree(dst, dst->set);
 
-       bch2_btree_node_iter_init_from_start(&src_iter, src,
-                                           btree_node_is_extents(src));
+       bch2_btree_node_iter_init_from_start(&src_iter, src);
 
-       if (btree_node_ops(src)->key_normalize ||
-           btree_node_ops(src)->key_merge)
-               nr = sort_repack_merge(c, btree_bset_first(dst),
+       if (btree_node_is_extents(src))
+               nr = bch2_sort_repack_merge(c, btree_bset_first(dst),
                                src, &src_iter,
                                &dst->format,
-                               true,
-                               btree_node_ops(src)->key_normalize,
-                               btree_node_ops(src)->key_merge);
+                               true);
        else
-               nr = sort_repack(btree_bset_first(dst),
+               nr = bch2_sort_repack(btree_bset_first(dst),
                                src, &src_iter,
                                &dst->format,
                                true);
 
-       bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_sort], start_time);
+       bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_node_sort],
+                              start_time);
 
        set_btree_bset_end(dst, dst->set);
 
@@ -829,7 +542,7 @@ static bool btree_node_compact(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        for (unwritten_idx = 0;
             unwritten_idx < b->nsets;
             unwritten_idx++)
-               if (bset_unwritten(b, bset(b, &b->set[unwritten_idx])))
+               if (!bset_written(b, bset(b, &b->set[unwritten_idx])))
                        break;
 
        if (b->nsets - unwritten_idx > 1) {
@@ -852,7 +565,7 @@ void bch2_btree_build_aux_trees(struct btree *b)
 
        for_each_bset(b, t)
                bch2_bset_build_aux_tree(b, t,
-                               bset_unwritten(b, bset(b, t)) &&
+                               !bset_written(b, bset(b, t)) &&
                                t == bset_tree_last(b));
 }
 
@@ -871,8 +584,8 @@ void bch2_btree_init_next(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        struct btree_node_entry *bne;
        bool did_sort;
 
-       EBUG_ON(!(b->lock.state.seq & 1));
-       EBUG_ON(iter && iter->l[b->level].b != b);
+       EBUG_ON(!(b->c.lock.state.seq & 1));
+       EBUG_ON(iter && iter->l[b->c.level].b != b);
 
        did_sort = btree_node_compact(c, b, iter);
 
@@ -907,33 +620,27 @@ static void bset_encrypt(struct bch_fs *c, struct bset *i, unsigned offset)
                bch2_encrypt(c, BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i), nonce, &bn->flags,
                             bytes);
 
-               nonce = nonce_add(nonce, round_up(bytes, CHACHA20_BLOCK_SIZE));
+               nonce = nonce_add(nonce, round_up(bytes, CHACHA_BLOCK_SIZE));
        }
 
        bch2_encrypt(c, BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i), nonce, i->_data,
                     vstruct_end(i) - (void *) i->_data);
 }
 
-static int btree_err_msg(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, struct bset *i,
-                        unsigned offset, int write, char *buf, size_t len)
+static void btree_err_msg(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
+                         struct btree *b, struct bset *i,
+                         unsigned offset, int write)
 {
-       char *out = buf, *end = buf + len;
-
-       out += scnprintf(out, end - out,
-                        "error validating btree node %s"
-                        "at btree %u level %u/%u\n"
-                        "pos %llu:%llu node offset %u",
-                        write ? "before write " : "",
-                        b->btree_id, b->level,
-                        c->btree_roots[b->btree_id].level,
-                        b->key.k.p.inode, b->key.k.p.offset,
-                        b->written);
+       pr_buf(out, "error validating btree node %sat btree %u level %u/%u\n"
+              "pos ",
+              write ? "before write " : "",
+              b->c.btree_id, b->c.level,
+              c->btree_roots[b->c.btree_id].level);
+       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(out, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
+
+       pr_buf(out, " node offset %u", b->written);
        if (i)
-               out += scnprintf(out, end - out,
-                                " bset u64s %u",
-                                le16_to_cpu(i->u64s));
-
-       return out - buf;
+               pr_buf(out, " bset u64s %u", le16_to_cpu(i->u64s));
 }
 
 enum btree_err_type {
@@ -950,10 +657,11 @@ enum btree_validate_ret {
 #define btree_err(type, c, b, i, msg, ...)                             \
 ({                                                                     \
        __label__ out;                                                  \
-       char _buf[300], *out = _buf, *end = out + sizeof(_buf);         \
+       char _buf[300];                                                 \
+       struct printbuf out = PBUF(_buf);                               \
                                                                        \
-       out += btree_err_msg(c, b, i, b->written, write, out, end - out);\
-       out += scnprintf(out, end - out, ": " msg, ##__VA_ARGS__);      \
+       btree_err_msg(&out, c, b, i, b->written, write);                \
+       pr_buf(&out, ": " msg, ##__VA_ARGS__);                          \
                                                                        \
        if (type == BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE &&                                \
            write == READ &&                                            \
@@ -1001,76 +709,118 @@ out:                                                                    \
 
 static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                         struct bset *i, unsigned sectors,
-                        unsigned *whiteout_u64s, int write,
-                        bool have_retry)
+                        int write, bool have_retry)
 {
-       struct bkey_packed *k, *prev = NULL;
-       struct bpos prev_pos = POS_MIN;
-       enum bkey_type type = btree_node_type(b);
-       bool seen_non_whiteout = false;
+       unsigned version = le16_to_cpu(i->version);
        const char *err;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       if (i == &b->data->keys) {
+       btree_err_on((version != BCH_BSET_VERSION_OLD &&
+                     version < bcachefs_metadata_version_min) ||
+                    version >= bcachefs_metadata_version_max,
+                    BTREE_ERR_FATAL, c, b, i,
+                    "unsupported bset version");
+
+       if (btree_err_on(b->written + sectors > c->opts.btree_node_size,
+                        BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
+                        "bset past end of btree node")) {
+               i->u64s = 0;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       btree_err_on(b->written && !i->u64s,
+                    BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
+                    "empty bset");
+
+       if (!b->written) {
+               struct btree_node *bn =
+                       container_of(i, struct btree_node, keys);
                /* These indicate that we read the wrong btree node: */
-               btree_err_on(BTREE_NODE_ID(b->data) != b->btree_id,
+
+               if (b->key.k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) {
+                       struct bch_btree_ptr_v2 *bp =
+                               &bkey_i_to_btree_ptr_v2(&b->key)->v;
+
+                       /* XXX endianness */
+                       btree_err_on(bp->seq != bn->keys.seq,
+                                    BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, NULL,
+                                    "incorrect sequence number (wrong btree node)");
+               }
+
+               btree_err_on(BTREE_NODE_ID(bn) != b->c.btree_id,
                             BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, i,
                             "incorrect btree id");
 
-               btree_err_on(BTREE_NODE_LEVEL(b->data) != b->level,
+               btree_err_on(BTREE_NODE_LEVEL(bn) != b->c.level,
                             BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, i,
                             "incorrect level");
 
                if (BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i) != CPU_BIG_ENDIAN) {
-                       u64 *p = (u64 *) &b->data->ptr;
+                       u64 *p = (u64 *) &bn->ptr;
 
                        *p = swab64(*p);
-                       bch2_bpos_swab(&b->data->min_key);
-                       bch2_bpos_swab(&b->data->max_key);
                }
 
-               btree_err_on(bkey_cmp(b->data->max_key, b->key.k.p),
+               if (!write)
+                       compat_btree_node(b->c.level, b->c.btree_id, version,
+                                         BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i), write, bn);
+
+               if (b->key.k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) {
+                       struct bch_btree_ptr_v2 *bp =
+                               &bkey_i_to_btree_ptr_v2(&b->key)->v;
+
+                       btree_err_on(bkey_cmp(b->data->min_key, bp->min_key),
+                                    BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, NULL,
+                                    "incorrect min_key: got %llu:%llu should be %llu:%llu",
+                                    b->data->min_key.inode,
+                                    b->data->min_key.offset,
+                                    bp->min_key.inode,
+                                    bp->min_key.offset);
+               }
+
+               btree_err_on(bkey_cmp(bn->max_key, b->key.k.p),
                             BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, i,
                             "incorrect max key");
 
+               if (write)
+                       compat_btree_node(b->c.level, b->c.btree_id, version,
+                                         BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i), write, bn);
+
                /* XXX: ideally we would be validating min_key too */
 #if 0
                /*
                 * not correct anymore, due to btree node write error
                 * handling
                 *
-                * need to add b->data->seq to btree keys and verify
+                * need to add bn->seq to btree keys and verify
                 * against that
                 */
                btree_err_on(!extent_contains_ptr(bkey_i_to_s_c_extent(&b->key),
-                                                 b->data->ptr),
+                                                 bn->ptr),
                             BTREE_ERR_FATAL, c, b, i,
                             "incorrect backpointer");
 #endif
-               err = bch2_bkey_format_validate(&b->data->format);
+               err = bch2_bkey_format_validate(&bn->format);
                btree_err_on(err,
                             BTREE_ERR_FATAL, c, b, i,
                             "invalid bkey format: %s", err);
-       }
-
-       if (btree_err_on(le16_to_cpu(i->version) != BCACHE_BSET_VERSION,
-                        BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
-                        "unsupported bset version")) {
-               i->version = cpu_to_le16(BCACHE_BSET_VERSION);
-               i->u64s = 0;
-               return 0;
-       }
 
-       if (btree_err_on(b->written + sectors > c->opts.btree_node_size,
-                        BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
-                        "bset past end of btree node")) {
-               i->u64s = 0;
-               return 0;
+               compat_bformat(b->c.level, b->c.btree_id, version,
+                              BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i), write,
+                              &bn->format);
        }
+fsck_err:
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       btree_err_on(b->written && !i->u64s,
-                    BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
-                    "empty bset");
+static int validate_bset_keys(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
+                        struct bset *i, unsigned *whiteout_u64s,
+                        int write, bool have_retry)
+{
+       unsigned version = le16_to_cpu(i->version);
+       struct bkey_packed *k, *prev = NULL;
+       bool seen_non_whiteout = false;
+       int ret = 0;
 
        if (!BSET_SEPARATE_WHITEOUTS(i)) {
                seen_non_whiteout = true;
@@ -1079,18 +829,10 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        for (k = i->start;
             k != vstruct_last(i);) {
-               struct bkey_s_c u;
+               struct bkey_s u;
                struct bkey tmp;
                const char *invalid;
 
-               if (btree_err_on(!k->u64s,
-                                BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
-                                "KEY_U64s 0: %zu bytes of metadata lost",
-                                vstruct_end(i) - (void *) k)) {
-                       i->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) k - i->_data);
-                       break;
-               }
-
                if (btree_err_on(bkey_next(k) > vstruct_last(i),
                                 BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
                                 "key extends past end of bset")) {
@@ -1107,18 +849,21 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                        continue;
                }
 
-               if (BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i) != CPU_BIG_ENDIAN)
-                       bch2_bkey_swab(type, &b->format, k);
+               /* XXX: validate k->u64s */
+               if (!write)
+                       bch2_bkey_compat(b->c.level, b->c.btree_id, version,
+                                   BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i), write,
+                                   &b->format, k);
 
-               u = bkey_disassemble(b, k, &tmp);
+               u = __bkey_disassemble(b, k, &tmp);
 
-               invalid = __bch2_bkey_invalid(c, type, u) ?:
-                       bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(b, u) ?:
-                       (write ? bch2_bkey_val_invalid(c, type, u) : NULL);
+               invalid = __bch2_bkey_invalid(c, u.s_c, btree_node_type(b)) ?:
+                       bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(b, u.s_c) ?:
+                       (write ? bch2_bkey_val_invalid(c, u.s_c) : NULL);
                if (invalid) {
                        char buf[160];
 
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(c, type, buf, sizeof(buf), u);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, u.s_c);
                        btree_err(BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
                                  "invalid bkey:\n%s\n%s", invalid, buf);
 
@@ -1128,6 +873,11 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                        continue;
                }
 
+               if (write)
+                       bch2_bkey_compat(b->c.level, b->c.btree_id, version,
+                                   BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i), write,
+                                   &b->format, k);
+
                /*
                 * with the separate whiteouts thing (used for extents), the
                 * second set of keys actually can have whiteouts too, so we
@@ -1136,25 +886,27 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
                if (!seen_non_whiteout &&
                    (!bkey_whiteout(k) ||
-                    (bkey_cmp(prev_pos, bkey_start_pos(u.k)) > 0))) {
+                    (prev && bkey_iter_cmp(b, prev, k) > 0))) {
                        *whiteout_u64s = k->_data - i->_data;
                        seen_non_whiteout = true;
-               } else if (bkey_cmp(prev_pos, bkey_start_pos(u.k)) > 0) {
+               } else if (prev && bkey_iter_cmp(b, prev, k) > 0) {
+                       char buf1[80];
+                       char buf2[80];
+                       struct bkey up = bkey_unpack_key(b, prev);
+
+                       bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf1), &up);
+                       bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf2), u.k);
+
+                       bch2_dump_bset(b, i, 0);
                        btree_err(BTREE_ERR_FATAL, c, b, i,
-                                 "keys out of order: %llu:%llu > %llu:%llu",
-                                 prev_pos.inode,
-                                 prev_pos.offset,
-                                 u.k->p.inode,
-                                 bkey_start_offset(u.k));
+                                 "keys out of order: %s > %s",
+                                 buf1, buf2);
                        /* XXX: repair this */
                }
 
-               prev_pos = u.k->p;
                prev = k;
-               k = bkey_next(k);
+               k = bkey_next_skip_noops(k, vstruct_last(i));
        }
-
-       SET_BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i, CPU_BIG_ENDIAN);
 fsck_err:
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1162,16 +914,17 @@ fsck_err:
 int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry)
 {
        struct btree_node_entry *bne;
-       struct btree_node_iter_large *iter;
+       struct sort_iter *iter;
        struct btree_node *sorted;
        struct bkey_packed *k;
        struct bset *i;
-       bool used_mempool;
+       bool used_mempool, blacklisted;
        unsigned u64s;
        int ret, retry_read = 0, write = READ;
 
        iter = mempool_alloc(&c->fill_iter, GFP_NOIO);
-       __bch2_btree_node_iter_large_init(iter, btree_node_is_extents(b));
+       sort_iter_init(iter, b);
+       iter->size = (btree_blocks(c) + 1) * 2;
 
        if (bch2_meta_read_fault("btree"))
                btree_err(BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, NULL,
@@ -1185,6 +938,16 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry
                     BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, NULL,
                     "bad btree header");
 
+       if (b->key.k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) {
+               struct bch_btree_ptr_v2 *bp =
+                       &bkey_i_to_btree_ptr_v2(&b->key)->v;
+
+               btree_err_on(b->data->keys.seq != bp->seq,
+                            BTREE_ERR_MUST_RETRY, c, b, NULL,
+                            "got wrong btree node (seq %llx want %llx)",
+                            b->data->keys.seq, bp->seq);
+       }
+
        while (b->written < c->opts.btree_node_size) {
                unsigned sectors, whiteout_u64s = 0;
                struct nonce nonce;
@@ -1207,9 +970,11 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry
 
                        bset_encrypt(c, i, b->written << 9);
 
-                       sectors = vstruct_sectors(b->data, c->block_bits);
+                       if (btree_node_is_extents(b) &&
+                           !BTREE_NODE_NEW_EXTENT_OVERWRITE(b->data))
+                               set_btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b);
 
-                       btree_node_set_format(b, b->data->format);
+                       sectors = vstruct_sectors(b->data, c->block_bits);
                } else {
                        bne = write_block(b);
                        i = &bne->keys;
@@ -1233,35 +998,39 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry
                        sectors = vstruct_sectors(bne, c->block_bits);
                }
 
-               ret = validate_bset(c, b, i, sectors, &whiteout_u64s,
+               ret = validate_bset(c, b, i, sectors,
+                                   READ, have_retry);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto fsck_err;
+
+               if (!b->written)
+                       btree_node_set_format(b, b->data->format);
+
+               ret = validate_bset_keys(c, b, i, &whiteout_u64s,
                                    READ, have_retry);
                if (ret)
                        goto fsck_err;
 
+               SET_BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i, CPU_BIG_ENDIAN);
+
                b->written += sectors;
 
-               ret = bch2_journal_seq_should_ignore(c, le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq), b);
-               if (ret < 0) {
-                       btree_err(BTREE_ERR_FATAL, c, b, i,
-                                 "insufficient memory");
-                       goto err;
-               }
+               blacklisted = bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c,
+                                       le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq),
+                                       true);
 
-               if (ret) {
-                       btree_err_on(first,
-                                    BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
-                                    "first btree node bset has blacklisted journal seq");
-                       if (!first)
-                               continue;
-               }
+               btree_err_on(blacklisted && first,
+                            BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
+                            "first btree node bset has blacklisted journal seq");
+               if (blacklisted && !first)
+                       continue;
 
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_large_push(iter, b,
-                                          i->start,
-                                          vstruct_idx(i, whiteout_u64s));
+               sort_iter_add(iter, i->start,
+                             vstruct_idx(i, whiteout_u64s));
 
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_large_push(iter, b,
-                                          vstruct_idx(i, whiteout_u64s),
-                                          vstruct_last(i));
+               sort_iter_add(iter,
+                             vstruct_idx(i, whiteout_u64s),
+                             vstruct_last(i));
        }
 
        for (bne = write_block(b);
@@ -1276,9 +1045,9 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry
 
        set_btree_bset(b, b->set, &b->data->keys);
 
-       b->nr = btree_node_is_extents(b)
-               ? bch2_extent_sort_fix_overlapping(c, &sorted->keys, b, iter)
-               : bch2_key_sort_fix_overlapping(&sorted->keys, b, iter);
+       b->nr = (btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b)
+                ? bch2_extent_sort_fix_overlapping
+                : bch2_key_sort_fix_overlapping)(c, &sorted->keys, iter);
 
        u64s = le16_to_cpu(sorted->keys.u64s);
        *sorted = *b->data;
@@ -1293,15 +1062,16 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry
 
        i = &b->data->keys;
        for (k = i->start; k != vstruct_last(i);) {
-               enum bkey_type type = btree_node_type(b);
                struct bkey tmp;
-               struct bkey_s_c u = bkey_disassemble(b, k, &tmp);
-               const char *invalid = bch2_bkey_val_invalid(c, type, u);
+               struct bkey_s u = __bkey_disassemble(b, k, &tmp);
+               const char *invalid = bch2_bkey_val_invalid(c, u.s_c);
 
-               if (invalid) {
+               if (invalid ||
+                   (inject_invalid_keys(c) &&
+                    !bversion_cmp(u.k->version, MAX_VERSION))) {
                        char buf[160];
 
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(c, type, buf, sizeof(buf), u);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, u.s_c);
                        btree_err(BTREE_ERR_FIXABLE, c, b, i,
                                  "invalid bkey %s: %s", buf, invalid);
 
@@ -1310,21 +1080,27 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b, bool have_retry
                        i->u64s = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(i->u64s) - k->u64s);
                        memmove_u64s_down(k, bkey_next(k),
                                          (u64 *) vstruct_end(i) - (u64 *) k);
+                       set_btree_bset_end(b, b->set);
                        continue;
                }
 
-               k = bkey_next(k);
+               if (u.k->type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) {
+                       struct bkey_s_btree_ptr_v2 bp = bkey_s_to_btree_ptr_v2(u);
+
+                       bp.v->mem_ptr = 0;
+               }
+
+               k = bkey_next_skip_noops(k, vstruct_last(i));
        }
 
        bch2_bset_build_aux_tree(b, b->set, false);
 
-       set_needs_whiteout(btree_bset_first(b));
+       set_needs_whiteout(btree_bset_first(b), true);
 
        btree_node_reset_sib_u64s(b);
 out:
        mempool_free(iter, &c->fill_iter);
        return retry_read;
-err:
 fsck_err:
        if (ret == BTREE_RETRY_READ) {
                retry_read = 1;
@@ -1343,11 +1119,9 @@ static void btree_node_read_work(struct work_struct *work)
        struct bch_dev *ca      = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, rb->pick.ptr.dev);
        struct btree *b         = rb->bio.bi_private;
        struct bio *bio         = &rb->bio;
-       struct bch_devs_mask avoid;
+       struct bch_io_failures failed = { .nr = 0 };
        bool can_retry;
 
-       memset(&avoid, 0, sizeof(avoid));
-
        goto start;
        while (1) {
                bch_info(c, "retrying read");
@@ -1370,8 +1144,11 @@ start:
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
                rb->have_ioref = false;
 
-               __set_bit(rb->pick.ptr.dev, avoid.d);
-               can_retry = bch2_btree_pick_ptr(c, b, &avoid, &rb->pick) > 0;
+               bch2_mark_io_failure(&failed, &rb->pick);
+
+               can_retry = bch2_bkey_pick_read_device(c,
+                               bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key),
+                               &failed, &rb->pick) > 0;
 
                if (!bio->bi_status &&
                    !bch2_btree_node_read_done(c, b, can_retry))
@@ -1383,7 +1160,8 @@ start:
                }
        }
 
-       bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_read], rb->start_time);
+       bch2_time_stats_update(&c->times[BCH_TIME_btree_node_read],
+                              rb->start_time);
        bio_put(&rb->bio);
        clear_btree_node_read_in_flight(b);
        wake_up_bit(&b->flags, BTREE_NODE_read_in_flight);
@@ -1406,7 +1184,7 @@ static void btree_node_read_endio(struct bio *bio)
 void bch2_btree_node_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                          bool sync)
 {
-       struct extent_pick_ptr pick;
+       struct extent_ptr_decoded pick;
        struct btree_read_bio *rb;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        struct bio *bio;
@@ -1414,7 +1192,8 @@ void bch2_btree_node_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        trace_btree_read(c, b);
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_pick_ptr(c, b, NULL, &pick);
+       ret = bch2_bkey_pick_read_device(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key),
+                                        NULL, &pick);
        if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(ret <= 0, c,
                        "btree node read error: no device to read from")) {
                set_btree_node_read_error(b);
@@ -1423,7 +1202,9 @@ void bch2_btree_node_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, pick.ptr.dev);
 
-       bio = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO, btree_pages(c), &c->btree_bio);
+       bio = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO, buf_pages(b->data,
+                                                  btree_bytes(c)),
+                              &c->btree_bio);
        rb = container_of(bio, struct btree_read_bio, bio);
        rb->c                   = c;
        rb->start_time          = local_clock();
@@ -1432,10 +1213,9 @@ void bch2_btree_node_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        INIT_WORK(&rb->work, btree_node_read_work);
        bio->bi_opf             = REQ_OP_READ|REQ_SYNC|REQ_META;
        bio->bi_iter.bi_sector  = pick.ptr.offset;
-       bio->bi_iter.bi_size    = btree_bytes(c);
        bio->bi_end_io          = btree_node_read_endio;
        bio->bi_private         = b;
-       bch2_bio_map(bio, b->data);
+       bch2_bio_map(bio, b->data, btree_bytes(c));
 
        set_btree_node_read_in_flight(b);
 
@@ -1500,8 +1280,8 @@ int bch2_btree_root_read(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id id,
 
        bch2_btree_set_root_for_read(c, b);
 err:
-       six_unlock_write(&b->lock);
-       six_unlock_intent(&b->lock);
+       six_unlock_write(&b->c.lock);
+       six_unlock_intent(&b->c.lock);
 
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1523,7 +1303,6 @@ void bch2_btree_complete_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                closure_put(&((struct btree_update *) new)->cl);
 
        bch2_journal_pin_drop(&c->journal, &w->journal);
-       closure_wake_up(&w->wait);
 }
 
 static void btree_node_write_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
@@ -1539,22 +1318,22 @@ static void bch2_btree_node_write_error(struct bch_fs *c,
 {
        struct btree *b         = wbio->wbio.bio.bi_private;
        __BKEY_PADDED(k, BKEY_BTREE_PTR_VAL_U64s_MAX) tmp;
-       struct bkey_i_extent *new_key;
-       struct bkey_s_extent e;
        struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr;
-       struct btree_iter iter;
+       struct btree_trans trans;
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
        int ret;
 
-       __bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, b->btree_id, b->key.k.p,
-                              BTREE_MAX_DEPTH,
-                              b->level, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+
+       iter = bch2_trans_get_node_iter(&trans, b->c.btree_id, b->key.k.p,
+                                       BTREE_MAX_DEPTH, b->c.level, 0);
 retry:
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(&iter);
+       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
        if (ret)
                goto err;
 
        /* has node been freed? */
-       if (iter.l[b->level].b != b) {
+       if (iter->l[b->c.level].b != b) {
                /* node has been freed: */
                BUG_ON(!btree_node_dying(b));
                goto out;
@@ -1564,22 +1343,19 @@ retry:
 
        bkey_copy(&tmp.k, &b->key);
 
-       new_key = bkey_i_to_extent(&tmp.k);
-       e = extent_i_to_s(new_key);
-       extent_for_each_ptr_backwards(e, ptr)
-               if (bch2_dev_list_has_dev(wbio->wbio.failed, ptr->dev))
-                       bch2_extent_drop_ptr(e, ptr);
+       bch2_bkey_drop_ptrs(bkey_i_to_s(&tmp.k), ptr,
+               bch2_dev_list_has_dev(wbio->wbio.failed, ptr->dev));
 
-       if (!bch2_extent_nr_ptrs(e.c))
+       if (!bch2_bkey_nr_ptrs(bkey_i_to_s_c(&tmp.k)))
                goto err;
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_node_update_key(c, &iter, b, new_key);
+       ret = bch2_btree_node_update_key(c, iter, b, &tmp.k);
        if (ret == -EINTR)
                goto retry;
        if (ret)
                goto err;
 out:
-       bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
        bio_put(&wbio->wbio.bio);
        btree_node_write_done(c, b);
        return;
@@ -1673,14 +1449,14 @@ static void btree_node_write_endio(struct bio *bio)
 static int validate_bset_for_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                                   struct bset *i, unsigned sectors)
 {
-       const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr;
        unsigned whiteout_u64s = 0;
        int ret;
 
-       extent_for_each_ptr(bkey_i_to_s_c_extent(&b->key), ptr)
-               break;
+       if (bch2_bkey_invalid(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key), BKEY_TYPE_BTREE))
+               return -1;
 
-       ret = validate_bset(c, b, i, sectors, &whiteout_u64s, WRITE, false);
+       ret = validate_bset(c, b, i, sectors, WRITE, false) ?:
+               validate_bset_keys(c, b, i, &whiteout_u64s, WRITE, false);
        if (ret)
                bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
 
@@ -1696,7 +1472,6 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        struct btree_node *bn = NULL;
        struct btree_node_entry *bne = NULL;
        BKEY_PADDED(key) k;
-       struct bkey_s_extent e;
        struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr;
        struct sort_iter sort_iter;
        struct nonce nonce;
@@ -1704,6 +1479,7 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        u64 seq = 0;
        bool used_mempool;
        unsigned long old, new;
+       bool validate_before_checksum = false;
        void *data;
 
        if (test_bit(BCH_FS_HOLD_BTREE_WRITES, &c->flags))
@@ -1722,8 +1498,7 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                if (!(old & (1 << BTREE_NODE_dirty)))
                        return;
 
-               if (b->written &&
-                   !btree_node_may_write(b))
+               if (!btree_node_may_write(b))
                        return;
 
                if (old & (1 << BTREE_NODE_write_in_flight)) {
@@ -1739,7 +1514,6 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        } while (cmpxchg_acquire(&b->flags, old, new) != old);
 
        BUG_ON(btree_node_fake(b));
-       BUG_ON(!list_empty(&b->write_blocked));
        BUG_ON((b->will_make_reachable != 0) != !b->written);
 
        BUG_ON(b->written >= c->opts.btree_node_size);
@@ -1748,21 +1522,7 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        BUG_ON(le64_to_cpu(b->data->magic) != bset_magic(c));
        BUG_ON(memcmp(&b->data->format, &b->format, sizeof(b->format)));
 
-       /*
-        * We can't block on six_lock_write() here; another thread might be
-        * trying to get a journal reservation with read locks held, and getting
-        * a journal reservation might be blocked on flushing the journal and
-        * doing btree writes:
-        */
-       if (lock_type_held == SIX_LOCK_intent &&
-           six_trylock_write(&b->lock)) {
-               __bch2_compact_whiteouts(c, b, COMPACT_WRITTEN);
-               six_unlock_write(&b->lock);
-       } else {
-               __bch2_compact_whiteouts(c, b, COMPACT_WRITTEN_NO_WRITE_LOCK);
-       }
-
-       BUG_ON(b->uncompacted_whiteout_u64s);
+       bch2_sort_whiteouts(c, b);
 
        sort_iter_init(&sort_iter, b);
 
@@ -1801,7 +1561,7 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        i->journal_seq  = cpu_to_le64(seq);
        i->u64s         = 0;
 
-       if (!btree_node_is_extents(b)) {
+       if (!btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b)) {
                sort_iter_add(&sort_iter,
                              unwritten_whiteouts_start(c, b),
                              unwritten_whiteouts_end(c, b));
@@ -1816,12 +1576,12 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        b->whiteout_u64s = 0;
 
-       u64s = btree_node_is_extents(b)
-               ? sort_extents(vstruct_last(i), &sort_iter, false)
-               : sort_keys(i->start, &sort_iter, false);
+       u64s = btree_node_old_extent_overwrite(b)
+               ? bch2_sort_extents(vstruct_last(i), &sort_iter, false)
+               : bch2_sort_keys(i->start, &sort_iter, false);
        le16_add_cpu(&i->u64s, u64s);
 
-       clear_needs_whiteout(i);
+       set_needs_whiteout(i, false);
 
        /* do we have data to write? */
        if (b->written && !i->u64s)
@@ -1837,11 +1597,20 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        BUG_ON(BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i) != CPU_BIG_ENDIAN);
        BUG_ON(i->seq != b->data->keys.seq);
 
-       i->version = cpu_to_le16(BCACHE_BSET_VERSION);
+       i->version = c->sb.version < bcachefs_metadata_version_new_versioning
+               ? cpu_to_le16(BCH_BSET_VERSION_OLD)
+               : cpu_to_le16(c->sb.version);
        SET_BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i, bch2_meta_checksum_type(c));
 
+       if (bch2_csum_type_is_encryption(BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i)))
+               validate_before_checksum = true;
+
+       /* validate_bset will be modifying: */
+       if (le16_to_cpu(i->version) < bcachefs_metadata_version_max)
+               validate_before_checksum = true;
+
        /* if we're going to be encrypting, check metadata validity first: */
-       if (bch2_csum_type_is_encryption(BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i)) &&
+       if (validate_before_checksum &&
            validate_bset_for_write(c, b, i, sectors_to_write))
                goto err;
 
@@ -1855,7 +1624,7 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
                bne->csum = csum_vstruct(c, BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i), nonce, bne);
 
        /* if we're not encrypting, check metadata after checksumming: */
-       if (!bch2_csum_type_is_encryption(BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i)) &&
+       if (!validate_before_checksum &&
            validate_bset_for_write(c, b, i, sectors_to_write))
                goto err;
 
@@ -1869,6 +1638,11 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
         * reflect that those writes were done and the data flushed from the
         * journal:
         *
+        * Also on journal error, the pending write may have updates that were
+        * never journalled (interior nodes, see btree_update_nodes_written()) -
+        * it's critical that we don't do the write in that case otherwise we
+        * will have updates visible that weren't in the journal:
+        *
         * Make sure to update b->written so bch2_btree_init_next() doesn't
         * break:
         */
@@ -1878,18 +1652,19 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
        trace_btree_write(b, bytes_to_write, sectors_to_write);
 
-       wbio = container_of(bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO, 1 << order, &c->btree_bio),
+       wbio = container_of(bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO,
+                               buf_pages(data, sectors_to_write << 9),
+                               &c->btree_bio),
                            struct btree_write_bio, wbio.bio);
        wbio_init(&wbio->wbio.bio);
        wbio->data                      = data;
        wbio->wbio.order                = order;
        wbio->wbio.used_mempool         = used_mempool;
-       wbio->wbio.bio.bi_opf           = REQ_OP_WRITE|REQ_META|REQ_FUA;
-       wbio->wbio.bio.bi_iter.bi_size  = sectors_to_write << 9;
+       wbio->wbio.bio.bi_opf           = REQ_OP_WRITE|REQ_META;
        wbio->wbio.bio.bi_end_io        = btree_node_write_endio;
        wbio->wbio.bio.bi_private       = b;
 
-       bch2_bio_map(&wbio->wbio.bio, data);
+       bch2_bio_map(&wbio->wbio.bio, data, sectors_to_write << 9);
 
        /*
         * If we're appending to a leaf node, we don't technically need FUA -
@@ -1907,13 +1682,13 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
         */
 
        bkey_copy(&k.key, &b->key);
-       e = bkey_i_to_s_extent(&k.key);
 
-       extent_for_each_ptr(e, ptr)
+       bkey_for_each_ptr(bch2_bkey_ptrs(bkey_i_to_s(&k.key)), ptr)
                ptr->offset += b->written;
 
        b->written += sectors_to_write;
 
+       /* XXX: submitting IO with btree locks held: */
        bch2_submit_wbio_replicas(&wbio->wbio, c, BCH_DATA_BTREE, &k.key);
        return;
 err:
@@ -1937,14 +1712,13 @@ bool bch2_btree_post_write_cleanup(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
                return false;
 
        BUG_ON(b->whiteout_u64s);
-       BUG_ON(b->uncompacted_whiteout_u64s);
 
        clear_btree_node_just_written(b);
 
        /*
-        * Note: immediately after write, bset_unwritten()/bset_written() don't
-        * work - the amount of data we had to write after compaction might have
-        * been smaller than the offset of the last bset.
+        * Note: immediately after write, bset_written() doesn't work - the
+        * amount of data we had to write after compaction might have been
+        * smaller than the offset of the last bset.
         *
         * However, we know that all bsets have been written here, as long as
         * we're still holding the write lock:
@@ -1958,11 +1732,11 @@ bool bch2_btree_post_write_cleanup(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b)
                btree_node_sort(c, b, NULL, 0, b->nsets, true);
                invalidated_iter = true;
        } else {
-               invalidated_iter = bch2_drop_whiteouts(b);
+               invalidated_iter = bch2_drop_whiteouts(b, COMPACT_ALL);
        }
 
        for_each_bset(b, t)
-               set_needs_whiteout(bset(b, t));
+               set_needs_whiteout(bset(b, t), true);
 
        bch2_btree_verify(c, b);
 
@@ -1990,18 +1764,18 @@ void bch2_btree_node_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
        BUG_ON(lock_type_held == SIX_LOCK_write);
 
        if (lock_type_held == SIX_LOCK_intent ||
-           six_lock_tryupgrade(&b->lock)) {
+           six_lock_tryupgrade(&b->c.lock)) {
                __bch2_btree_node_write(c, b, SIX_LOCK_intent);
 
                /* don't cycle lock unnecessarily: */
                if (btree_node_just_written(b) &&
-                   six_trylock_write(&b->lock)) {
+                   six_trylock_write(&b->c.lock)) {
                        bch2_btree_post_write_cleanup(c, b);
-                       six_unlock_write(&b->lock);
+                       six_unlock_write(&b->c.lock);
                }
 
                if (lock_type_held == SIX_LOCK_read)
-                       six_lock_downgrade(&b->lock);
+                       six_lock_downgrade(&b->c.lock);
        } else {
                __bch2_btree_node_write(c, b, SIX_LOCK_read);
        }
@@ -2054,7 +1828,7 @@ void bch2_btree_verify_flushed(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 ssize_t bch2_dirty_btree_nodes_print(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
 {
-       char *out = buf, *end = buf + PAGE_SIZE;
+       struct printbuf out = _PBUF(buf, PAGE_SIZE);
        struct bucket_table *tbl;
        struct rhash_head *pos;
        struct btree *b;
@@ -2063,26 +1837,21 @@ ssize_t bch2_dirty_btree_nodes_print(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
        rcu_read_lock();
        for_each_cached_btree(b, c, tbl, i, pos) {
                unsigned long flags = READ_ONCE(b->flags);
-               unsigned idx = (flags & (1 << BTREE_NODE_write_idx)) != 0;
 
-               if (//!(flags & (1 << BTREE_NODE_dirty)) &&
-                   !b->writes[0].wait.list.first &&
-                   !b->writes[1].wait.list.first &&
-                   !(b->will_make_reachable & 1))
+               if (!(flags & (1 << BTREE_NODE_dirty)))
                        continue;
 
-               out += scnprintf(out, end - out, "%p d %u l %u w %u b %u r %u:%lu c %u p %u\n",
-                                b,
-                                (flags & (1 << BTREE_NODE_dirty)) != 0,
-                                b->level,
-                                b->written,
-                                !list_empty_careful(&b->write_blocked),
-                                b->will_make_reachable != 0,
-                                b->will_make_reachable & 1,
-                                b->writes[ idx].wait.list.first != NULL,
-                                b->writes[!idx].wait.list.first != NULL);
+               pr_buf(&out, "%p d %u n %u l %u w %u b %u r %u:%lu\n",
+                      b,
+                      (flags & (1 << BTREE_NODE_dirty)) != 0,
+                      (flags & (1 << BTREE_NODE_need_write)) != 0,
+                      b->c.level,
+                      b->written,
+                      !list_empty_careful(&b->write_blocked),
+                      b->will_make_reachable != 0,
+                      b->will_make_reachable & 1);
        }
        rcu_read_unlock();
 
-       return out - buf;
+       return out.pos - buf;
 }