]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/btree_iter.c
Update bcachefs sources to f638850417 bcachefs: bch2_trans_log_msg()
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / btree_iter.c
index 6ed688cdcfdee2ca681801559cede96372f1bf6f..25d254ee9eaca15545a9456546d722e131ec68ea 100644 (file)
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
 #include "bkey_methods.h"
+#include "bkey_buf.h"
 #include "btree_cache.h"
 #include "btree_iter.h"
+#include "btree_key_cache.h"
 #include "btree_locking.h"
 #include "btree_update.h"
 #include "debug.h"
+#include "error.h"
 #include "extents.h"
+#include "journal.h"
+#include "recovery.h"
+#include "replicas.h"
+#include "subvolume.h"
 
 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
 #include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_GET_LOCKS   ((struct btree *) 1)
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DROP                ((struct btree *) 2)
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_LOCK_ROOT   ((struct btree *) 3)
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP          ((struct btree *) 4)
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DOWN                ((struct btree *) 5)
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_INIT                ((struct btree *) 6)
-#define BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_ERROR       ((struct btree *) 7)
+static void btree_trans_verify_sorted(struct btree_trans *);
+inline void bch2_btree_path_check_sort(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *, int);
 
-static inline bool is_btree_node(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned l)
+static inline void btree_path_list_remove(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *);
+static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *,
+                                      struct btree_path *);
+
+static inline unsigned long btree_iter_ip_allocated(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       return iter->ip_allocated;
+#else
+       return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static struct btree_path *btree_path_alloc(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *);
+
+/*
+ * Unlocks before scheduling
+ * Note: does not revalidate iterator
+ */
+static inline int bch2_trans_cond_resched(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       if (need_resched() || race_fault()) {
+               bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+               schedule();
+               return bch2_trans_relock(trans) ? 0 : -EINTR;
+       } else {
+               return 0;
+       }
+}
+
+static inline int __btree_path_cmp(const struct btree_path *l,
+                                  enum btree_id        r_btree_id,
+                                  bool                 r_cached,
+                                  struct bpos          r_pos,
+                                  unsigned             r_level)
+{
+       /*
+        * Must match lock ordering as defined by __bch2_btree_node_lock:
+        */
+       return   cmp_int(l->btree_id,   r_btree_id) ?:
+                cmp_int((int) l->cached,       (int) r_cached) ?:
+                bpos_cmp(l->pos,       r_pos) ?:
+               -cmp_int(l->level,      r_level);
+}
+
+static inline int btree_path_cmp(const struct btree_path *l,
+                                const struct btree_path *r)
+{
+       return __btree_path_cmp(l, r->btree_id, r->cached, r->pos, r->level);
+}
+
+static inline struct bpos bkey_successor(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos p)
+{
+       /* Are we iterating over keys in all snapshots? */
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) {
+               p = bpos_successor(p);
+       } else {
+               p = bpos_nosnap_successor(p);
+               p.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+       }
+
+       return p;
+}
+
+static inline struct bpos bkey_predecessor(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos p)
+{
+       /* Are we iterating over keys in all snapshots? */
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) {
+               p = bpos_predecessor(p);
+       } else {
+               p = bpos_nosnap_predecessor(p);
+               p.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+       }
+
+       return p;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_btree_node(struct btree_path *path, unsigned l)
 {
        return l < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH &&
-               (unsigned long) iter->l[l].b >= 128;
+               (unsigned long) path->l[l].b >= 128;
 }
 
 static inline struct bpos btree_iter_search_key(struct btree_iter *iter)
@@ -32,47 +111,46 @@ static inline struct bpos btree_iter_search_key(struct btree_iter *iter)
 
        if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
            bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MAX))
-               pos = bkey_successor(pos);
+               pos = bkey_successor(iter, pos);
        return pos;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_pos_before_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static inline bool btree_path_pos_before_node(struct btree_path *path,
                                              struct btree *b)
 {
-       return bkey_cmp(iter->pos, b->data->min_key) < 0;
+       return bpos_cmp(path->pos, b->data->min_key) < 0;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_pos_after_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static inline bool btree_path_pos_after_node(struct btree_path *path,
                                             struct btree *b)
 {
-       return bkey_cmp(b->key.k.p, btree_iter_search_key(iter)) < 0;
+       return bpos_cmp(b->key.k.p, path->pos) < 0;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_pos_in_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static inline bool btree_path_pos_in_node(struct btree_path *path,
                                          struct btree *b)
 {
-       return iter->btree_id == b->btree_id &&
-               !btree_iter_pos_before_node(iter, b) &&
-               !btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, b);
+       return path->btree_id == b->c.btree_id &&
+               !btree_path_pos_before_node(path, b) &&
+               !btree_path_pos_after_node(path, b);
 }
 
 /* Btree node locking: */
 
-void bch2_btree_node_unlock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
+void bch2_btree_node_unlock_write(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                       struct btree_path *path, struct btree *b)
 {
-       bch2_btree_node_unlock_write_inlined(b, iter);
+       bch2_btree_node_unlock_write_inlined(trans, path, b);
 }
 
-void __bch2_btree_node_lock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
+void __bch2_btree_node_lock_write(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_path *linked;
        unsigned readers = 0;
 
-       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_intent_locked(iter, b->level));
-
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               if (linked->l[b->level].b == b &&
-                   btree_node_read_locked(linked, b->level))
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, linked)
+               if (linked->l[b->c.level].b == b &&
+                   btree_node_read_locked(linked, b->c.level))
                        readers++;
 
        /*
@@ -81,134 +159,158 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_lock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
         * goes to 0, and it's safe because we have the node intent
         * locked:
         */
-       atomic64_sub(__SIX_VAL(read_lock, readers),
-                    &b->lock.state.counter);
-       btree_node_lock_type(iter->trans->c, b, SIX_LOCK_write);
-       atomic64_add(__SIX_VAL(read_lock, readers),
-                    &b->lock.state.counter);
+       if (!b->c.lock.readers)
+               atomic64_sub(__SIX_VAL(read_lock, readers),
+                            &b->c.lock.state.counter);
+       else
+               this_cpu_sub(*b->c.lock.readers, readers);
+
+       six_lock_write(&b->c.lock, NULL, NULL);
+
+       if (!b->c.lock.readers)
+               atomic64_add(__SIX_VAL(read_lock, readers),
+                            &b->c.lock.state.counter);
+       else
+               this_cpu_add(*b->c.lock.readers, readers);
 }
 
-bool __bch2_btree_node_relock(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned level)
+bool __bch2_btree_node_relock(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                             struct btree_path *path, unsigned level)
 {
-       struct btree *b = btree_iter_node(iter, level);
-       int want = __btree_lock_want(iter, level);
+       struct btree *b = btree_path_node(path, level);
+       int want = __btree_lock_want(path, level);
 
-       if (!is_btree_node(iter, level))
-               return false;
+       if (!is_btree_node(path, level))
+               goto fail;
 
        if (race_fault())
-               return false;
+               goto fail;
 
-       if (six_relock_type(&b->lock, want, iter->l[level].lock_seq) ||
-           (btree_node_lock_seq_matches(iter, b, level) &&
-            btree_node_lock_increment(iter, b, level, want))) {
-               mark_btree_node_locked(iter, level, want);
+       if (six_relock_type(&b->c.lock, want, path->l[level].lock_seq) ||
+           (btree_node_lock_seq_matches(path, b, level) &&
+            btree_node_lock_increment(trans, b, level, want))) {
+               mark_btree_node_locked(trans, path, level, want);
                return true;
-       } else {
-               return false;
        }
+fail:
+       trace_btree_node_relock_fail(trans->fn, _RET_IP_,
+                                    path->btree_id,
+                                    &path->pos,
+                                    (unsigned long) b,
+                                    path->l[level].lock_seq,
+                                    is_btree_node(path, level) ? b->c.lock.state.seq : 0);
+       return false;
 }
 
-static bool bch2_btree_node_upgrade(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned level)
+bool bch2_btree_node_upgrade(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                            struct btree_path *path, unsigned level)
 {
-       struct btree *b = iter->l[level].b;
-
-       EBUG_ON(btree_lock_want(iter, level) != BTREE_NODE_INTENT_LOCKED);
+       struct btree *b = path->l[level].b;
 
-       if (!is_btree_node(iter, level))
+       if (!is_btree_node(path, level))
                return false;
 
-       if (btree_node_intent_locked(iter, level))
+       switch (btree_lock_want(path, level)) {
+       case BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED:
+               BUG_ON(btree_node_locked(path, level));
+               return true;
+       case BTREE_NODE_READ_LOCKED:
+               BUG_ON(btree_node_intent_locked(path, level));
+               return bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, level);
+       case BTREE_NODE_INTENT_LOCKED:
+               break;
+       }
+
+       if (btree_node_intent_locked(path, level))
                return true;
 
        if (race_fault())
                return false;
 
-       if (btree_node_locked(iter, level)
-           ? six_lock_tryupgrade(&b->lock)
-           : six_relock_type(&b->lock, SIX_LOCK_intent, iter->l[level].lock_seq))
+       if (btree_node_locked(path, level)
+           ? six_lock_tryupgrade(&b->c.lock)
+           : six_relock_type(&b->c.lock, SIX_LOCK_intent, path->l[level].lock_seq))
                goto success;
 
-       if (btree_node_lock_seq_matches(iter, b, level) &&
-           btree_node_lock_increment(iter, b, level, BTREE_NODE_INTENT_LOCKED)) {
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, level);
+       if (btree_node_lock_seq_matches(path, b, level) &&
+           btree_node_lock_increment(trans, b, level, BTREE_NODE_INTENT_LOCKED)) {
+               btree_node_unlock(path, level);
                goto success;
        }
 
        return false;
 success:
-       mark_btree_node_intent_locked(iter, level);
+       mark_btree_node_intent_locked(trans, path, level);
        return true;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_get_locks(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                       bool upgrade, bool trace)
+static inline bool btree_path_get_locks(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                       struct btree_path *path,
+                                       bool upgrade)
 {
-       unsigned l = iter->level;
+       unsigned l = path->level;
        int fail_idx = -1;
 
        do {
-               if (!btree_iter_node(iter, l))
+               if (!btree_path_node(path, l))
                        break;
 
                if (!(upgrade
-                     ? bch2_btree_node_upgrade(iter, l)
-                     : bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, l))) {
-                       if (trace)
-                               (upgrade
-                                ? trace_node_upgrade_fail
-                                : trace_node_relock_fail)(l, iter->l[l].lock_seq,
-                                               is_btree_node(iter, l)
-                                               ? 0
-                                               : (unsigned long) iter->l[l].b,
-                                               is_btree_node(iter, l)
-                                               ? iter->l[l].b->lock.state.seq
-                                               : 0);
-
+                     ? bch2_btree_node_upgrade(trans, path, l)
+                     : bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, l)))
                        fail_idx = l;
-                       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-               }
 
                l++;
-       } while (l < iter->locks_want);
+       } while (l < path->locks_want);
 
        /*
         * When we fail to get a lock, we have to ensure that any child nodes
-        * can't be relocked so bch2_btree_iter_traverse has to walk back up to
+        * can't be relocked so bch2_btree_path_traverse has to walk back up to
         * the node that we failed to relock:
         */
-       while (fail_idx >= 0) {
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, fail_idx);
-               iter->l[fail_idx].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_GET_LOCKS;
-               --fail_idx;
+       if (fail_idx >= 0) {
+               __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
+               btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+
+               do {
+                       path->l[fail_idx].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_GET_LOCKS;
+                       --fail_idx;
+               } while (fail_idx >= 0);
        }
 
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
-               iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK;
+       if (path->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
+               path->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+
+       bch2_trans_verify_locks(trans);
 
-       bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(iter->trans);
+       return path->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK;
+}
 
-       return iter->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK;
+static struct bpos btree_node_pos(struct btree_bkey_cached_common *_b,
+                                 bool cached)
+{
+       return !cached
+               ? container_of(_b, struct btree, c)->key.k.p
+               : container_of(_b, struct bkey_cached, c)->key.pos;
 }
 
 /* Slowpath: */
-bool __bch2_btree_node_lock(struct btree *b, struct bpos pos,
-                          unsigned level,
-                          struct btree_iter *iter,
-                          enum six_lock_type type)
+bool __bch2_btree_node_lock(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                           struct btree_path *path,
+                           struct btree *b,
+                           struct bpos pos, unsigned level,
+                           enum six_lock_type type,
+                           six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p,
+                           unsigned long ip)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
-       bool ret = true;
+       struct btree_path *linked;
+       unsigned reason;
 
        /* Check if it's safe to block: */
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked) {
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, linked) {
                if (!linked->nodes_locked)
                        continue;
 
-               /* * Must lock btree nodes in key order: */
-               if (__btree_iter_cmp(iter->btree_id, pos, linked) < 0)
-                       ret = false;
-
                /*
                 * Can't block taking an intent lock if we have _any_ nodes read
                 * locked:
@@ -223,306 +325,512 @@ bool __bch2_btree_node_lock(struct btree *b, struct bpos pos,
                 */
                if (type == SIX_LOCK_intent &&
                    linked->nodes_locked != linked->nodes_intent_locked) {
-                       if (!(iter->trans->nounlock)) {
-                               linked->locks_want = max_t(unsigned,
-                                               linked->locks_want,
-                                               __fls(linked->nodes_locked) + 1);
-                               btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true, false);
-                       }
-                       ret = false;
+                       reason = 1;
+                       goto deadlock;
+               }
+
+               if (linked->btree_id != path->btree_id) {
+                       if (linked->btree_id < path->btree_id)
+                               continue;
+
+                       reason = 3;
+                       goto deadlock;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Within the same btree, non-cached paths come before cached
+                * paths:
+                */
+               if (linked->cached != path->cached) {
+                       if (!linked->cached)
+                               continue;
+
+                       reason = 4;
+                       goto deadlock;
                }
 
                /*
                 * Interior nodes must be locked before their descendants: if
-                * another iterator has possible descendants locked of the node
+                * another path has possible descendants locked of the node
                 * we're about to lock, it must have the ancestors locked too:
                 */
-               if (linked->btree_id == iter->btree_id &&
-                   level > __fls(linked->nodes_locked)) {
-                       if (!(iter->trans->nounlock)) {
-                               linked->locks_want =
-                                       max(level + 1, max_t(unsigned,
-                                           linked->locks_want,
-                                           iter->locks_want));
-                               btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true, false);
-                       }
-                       ret = false;
+               if (level > __fls(linked->nodes_locked)) {
+                       reason = 5;
+                       goto deadlock;
                }
-       }
 
-       if (unlikely(!ret)) {
-               trace_trans_restart_would_deadlock(iter->trans->ip);
-               return false;
+               /* Must lock btree nodes in key order: */
+               if (btree_node_locked(linked, level) &&
+                   bpos_cmp(pos, btree_node_pos((void *) linked->l[level].b,
+                                                linked->cached)) <= 0) {
+                       BUG_ON(trans->in_traverse_all);
+                       reason = 7;
+                       goto deadlock;
+               }
        }
 
-       __btree_node_lock_type(iter->trans->c, b, type);
-       return true;
+       return btree_node_lock_type(trans, path, b, pos, level,
+                                   type, should_sleep_fn, p);
+deadlock:
+       trace_trans_restart_would_deadlock(trans->fn, ip,
+                       trans->in_traverse_all, reason,
+                       linked->btree_id,
+                       linked->cached,
+                       &linked->pos,
+                       path->btree_id,
+                       path->cached,
+                       &pos);
+       btree_trans_restart(trans);
+       return false;
 }
 
 /* Btree iterator locking: */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
-static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(struct btree_iter *iter)
+
+static void bch2_btree_path_verify_locks(struct btree_path *path)
 {
        unsigned l;
 
-       for (l = 0; btree_iter_node(iter, l); l++) {
-               if (iter->uptodate >= BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK &&
-                   !btree_node_locked(iter, l))
-                       continue;
-
-               BUG_ON(btree_lock_want(iter, l) !=
-                      btree_node_locked_type(iter, l));
+       if (!path->nodes_locked) {
+               BUG_ON(path->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE &&
+                      btree_path_node(path, path->level));
+               return;
        }
+
+       for (l = 0; btree_path_node(path, l); l++)
+               BUG_ON(btree_lock_want(path, l) !=
+                      btree_node_locked_type(path, l));
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(struct btree_trans *trans)
+void bch2_trans_verify_locks(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(iter);
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               bch2_btree_path_verify_locks(path);
 }
 #else
-static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(struct btree_iter *iter) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_path_verify_locks(struct btree_path *path) {}
 #endif
 
+/* Btree path locking: */
+
+/*
+ * Only for btree_cache.c - only relocks intent locks
+ */
+bool bch2_btree_path_relock_intent(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                  struct btree_path *path)
+{
+       unsigned l;
+
+       for (l = path->level;
+            l < path->locks_want && btree_path_node(path, l);
+            l++) {
+               if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, l)) {
+                       __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
+                       btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+                       trace_trans_restart_relock_path_intent(trans->fn, _RET_IP_,
+                                                  path->btree_id, &path->pos);
+                       btree_trans_restart(trans);
+                       return false;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return true;
+}
+
 __flatten
-static bool bch2_btree_iter_relock(struct btree_iter *iter, bool trace)
+static bool bch2_btree_path_relock(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                       struct btree_path *path, unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
-       return btree_iter_get_locks(iter, false, trace);
+       bool ret = btree_path_get_locks(trans, path, false);
+
+       if (!ret) {
+               trace_trans_restart_relock_path(trans->fn, trace_ip,
+                                               path->btree_id, &path->pos);
+               btree_trans_restart(trans);
+       }
+       return ret;
 }
 
-bool __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade(struct btree_iter *iter,
+bool __bch2_btree_path_upgrade(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                              struct btree_path *path,
                               unsigned new_locks_want)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_path *linked;
 
-       EBUG_ON(iter->locks_want >= new_locks_want);
+       EBUG_ON(path->locks_want >= new_locks_want);
 
-       iter->locks_want = new_locks_want;
+       path->locks_want = new_locks_want;
 
-       if (btree_iter_get_locks(iter, true, true))
+       if (btree_path_get_locks(trans, path, true))
                return true;
 
        /*
-        * Ancestor nodes must be locked before child nodes, so set locks_want
-        * on iterators that might lock ancestors before us to avoid getting
-        * -EINTR later:
+        * XXX: this is ugly - we'd prefer to not be mucking with other
+        * iterators in the btree_trans here.
+        *
+        * On failure to upgrade the iterator, setting iter->locks_want and
+        * calling get_locks() is sufficient to make bch2_btree_path_traverse()
+        * get the locks we want on transaction restart.
+        *
+        * But if this iterator was a clone, on transaction restart what we did
+        * to this iterator isn't going to be preserved.
+        *
+        * Possibly we could add an iterator field for the parent iterator when
+        * an iterator is a copy - for now, we'll just upgrade any other
+        * iterators with the same btree id.
+        *
+        * The code below used to be needed to ensure ancestor nodes get locked
+        * before interior nodes - now that's handled by
+        * bch2_btree_path_traverse_all().
         */
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               if (linked != iter &&
-                   linked->btree_id == iter->btree_id &&
-                   linked->locks_want < new_locks_want) {
-                       linked->locks_want = new_locks_want;
-                       btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true, false);
-               }
+       if (!path->cached && !trans->in_traverse_all)
+               trans_for_each_path(trans, linked)
+                       if (linked != path &&
+                           linked->cached == path->cached &&
+                           linked->btree_id == path->btree_id &&
+                           linked->locks_want < new_locks_want) {
+                               linked->locks_want = new_locks_want;
+                               btree_path_get_locks(trans, linked, true);
+                       }
 
        return false;
 }
 
-bool __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade_nounlock(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                       unsigned new_locks_want)
+void __bch2_btree_path_downgrade(struct btree_path *path,
+                                unsigned new_locks_want)
 {
-       unsigned l = iter->level;
+       unsigned l;
 
-       EBUG_ON(iter->locks_want >= new_locks_want);
+       EBUG_ON(path->locks_want < new_locks_want);
 
-       iter->locks_want = new_locks_want;
+       path->locks_want = new_locks_want;
 
-       do {
-               if (!btree_iter_node(iter, l))
+       while (path->nodes_locked &&
+              (l = __fls(path->nodes_locked)) >= path->locks_want) {
+               if (l > path->level) {
+                       btree_node_unlock(path, l);
+               } else {
+                       if (btree_node_intent_locked(path, l)) {
+                               six_lock_downgrade(&path->l[l].b->c.lock);
+                               path->nodes_intent_locked ^= 1 << l;
+                       }
                        break;
-
-               if (!bch2_btree_node_upgrade(iter, l)) {
-                       iter->locks_want = l;
-                       return false;
                }
+       }
 
-               l++;
-       } while (l < iter->locks_want);
-
-       return true;
+       bch2_btree_path_verify_locks(path);
 }
 
-void __bch2_btree_iter_downgrade(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                unsigned downgrade_to)
+void bch2_trans_downgrade(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
-       unsigned l;
-
-       /*
-        * We downgrade linked iterators as well because btree_iter_upgrade
-        * might have had to modify locks_want on linked iterators due to lock
-        * ordering:
-        */
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked) {
-               unsigned new_locks_want = downgrade_to ?:
-                       (linked->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT ? 1 : 0);
-
-               if (linked->locks_want <= new_locks_want)
-                       continue;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-               linked->locks_want = new_locks_want;
-
-               while (linked->nodes_locked &&
-                      (l = __fls(linked->nodes_locked)) >= linked->locks_want) {
-                       if (l > linked->level) {
-                               btree_node_unlock(linked, l);
-                       } else {
-                               if (btree_node_intent_locked(linked, l)) {
-                                       six_lock_downgrade(&linked->l[l].b->lock);
-                                       linked->nodes_intent_locked ^= 1 << l;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-
-       bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(iter->trans);
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               bch2_btree_path_downgrade(path);
 }
 
 /* Btree transaction locking: */
 
 bool bch2_trans_relock(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
-       bool ret = true;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
-                       ret &= bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter, true);
+       if (unlikely(trans->restarted))
+               return false;
 
-       return ret;
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               if (path->should_be_locked &&
+                   !bch2_btree_path_relock(trans, path, _RET_IP_)) {
+                       trace_trans_restart_relock(trans->fn, _RET_IP_,
+                                       path->btree_id, &path->pos);
+                       BUG_ON(!trans->restarted);
+                       return false;
+               }
+       return true;
 }
 
 void bch2_trans_unlock(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_path *path;
+
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(iter);
+       /*
+        * bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse() doesn't use btree iterators for walking
+        * btree nodes, it implements its own walking:
+        */
+       BUG_ON(!trans->is_initial_gc &&
+              lock_class_is_held(&bch2_btree_node_lock_key));
 }
 
 /* Btree iterator: */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
 
-static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                        unsigned level)
+static void bch2_btree_path_verify_cached(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                         struct btree_path *path)
+{
+       struct bkey_cached *ck;
+       bool locked = btree_node_locked(path, 0);
+
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, 0))
+               return;
+
+       ck = (void *) path->l[0].b;
+       BUG_ON(ck->key.btree_id != path->btree_id ||
+              bkey_cmp(ck->key.pos, path->pos));
+
+       if (!locked)
+               btree_node_unlock(path, 0);
+}
+
+static void bch2_btree_path_verify_level(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                               struct btree_path *path, unsigned level)
 {
-       struct bpos pos = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[level];
-       struct btree_node_iter tmp = l->iter;
-       bool locked = btree_node_locked(iter, level);
+       struct btree_path_level *l;
+       struct btree_node_iter tmp;
+       bool locked;
        struct bkey_packed *p, *k;
-       char buf1[100], buf2[100];
+       struct printbuf buf1 = PRINTBUF;
+       struct printbuf buf2 = PRINTBUF;
+       struct printbuf buf3 = PRINTBUF;
        const char *msg;
 
-       if (!debug_check_iterators(iter->trans->c))
+       if (!bch2_debug_check_iterators)
                return;
 
-       BUG_ON(iter->level < iter->min_depth);
+       l       = &path->l[level];
+       tmp     = l->iter;
+       locked  = btree_node_locked(path, level);
 
-       if (!btree_iter_node(iter, level))
+       if (path->cached) {
+               if (!level)
+                       bch2_btree_path_verify_cached(trans, path);
                return;
+       }
 
-       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, level))
+       if (!btree_path_node(path, level))
                return;
 
-       /*
-        * Ideally this invariant would always be true, and hopefully in the
-        * future it will be, but for now set_pos_same_leaf() breaks it:
-        */
-       BUG_ON(iter->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE &&
-              !btree_iter_pos_in_node(iter, l->b));
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, level))
+               return;
 
-       /*
-        * node iterators don't use leaf node iterator:
-        */
-       if (btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_NODES &&
-           level <= iter->min_depth)
-               goto unlock;
+       BUG_ON(!btree_path_pos_in_node(path, l->b));
 
        bch2_btree_node_iter_verify(&l->iter, l->b);
 
        /*
-        * For interior nodes, the iterator will have skipped past
-        * deleted keys:
-        *
-        * For extents, the iterator may have skipped past deleted keys (but not
-        * whiteouts)
+        * For interior nodes, the iterator will have skipped past deleted keys:
         */
-       p = level || btree_node_type_is_extents(iter->btree_id)
-               ? bch2_btree_node_iter_prev_filter(&tmp, l->b, KEY_TYPE_discard)
+       p = level
+               ? bch2_btree_node_iter_prev(&tmp, l->b)
                : bch2_btree_node_iter_prev_all(&tmp, l->b);
        k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
 
-       if (p && bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, p, &pos) >= 0) {
+       if (p && bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, p, &path->pos) >= 0) {
                msg = "before";
                goto err;
        }
 
-       if (k && bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, k, &pos) < 0) {
+       if (k && bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, k, &path->pos) < 0) {
                msg = "after";
                goto err;
        }
-unlock:
+
        if (!locked)
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, level);
+               btree_node_unlock(path, level);
        return;
 err:
-       strcpy(buf1, "(none)");
-       strcpy(buf2, "(none)");
+       bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf1, path->pos);
 
        if (p) {
                struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(l->b, p);
-               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf1), &uk);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&buf2, &uk);
+       } else {
+               pr_buf(&buf2, "(none)");
        }
 
        if (k) {
                struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(l->b, k);
-               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf2), &uk);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&buf3, &uk);
+       } else {
+               pr_buf(&buf3, "(none)");
        }
 
-       panic("iterator should be %s key at level %u:\n"
-             "iter pos %s %llu:%llu\n"
+       panic("path should be %s key at level %u:\n"
+             "path pos %s\n"
              "prev key %s\n"
              "cur  key %s\n",
-             msg, level,
-             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS ? ">" : "=>",
-             iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset,
-             buf1, buf2);
+             msg, level, buf1.buf, buf2.buf, buf3.buf);
 }
 
-static void bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static void bch2_btree_path_verify(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                  struct btree_path *path)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        unsigned i;
 
-       bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(iter->trans);
+       EBUG_ON(path->btree_id >= BTREE_ID_NR);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
-               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, i);
+       for (i = 0; i < (!path->cached ? BTREE_MAX_DEPTH : 1); i++) {
+               if (!path->l[i].b) {
+                       BUG_ON(!path->cached &&
+                              c->btree_roots[path->btree_id].b->c.level > i);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               bch2_btree_path_verify_level(trans, path, i);
+       }
+
+       bch2_btree_path_verify_locks(path);
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_trans_verify_iters(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
+void bch2_trans_verify_paths(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       if (!debug_check_iterators(trans->c))
-               return;
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               bch2_btree_path_verify(trans, path);
+}
+
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+
+       BUG_ON(iter->btree_id >= BTREE_ID_NR);
+
+       BUG_ON(!!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_CACHED) != iter->path->cached);
+
+       BUG_ON((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+              (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS));
+
+       BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & __BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              !btree_type_has_snapshots(iter->btree_id));
+
+       if (iter->update_path)
+               bch2_btree_path_verify(trans, iter->update_path);
+       bch2_btree_path_verify(trans, iter->path);
+}
+
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       BUG_ON((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              !iter->pos.snapshot);
+
+       BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              iter->pos.snapshot != iter->snapshot);
+
+       BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(iter->pos, bkey_start_pos(&iter->k)) < 0 ||
+              bkey_cmp(iter->pos, iter->k.p) > 0);
+}
+
+static int bch2_btree_iter_verify_ret(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bkey_s_c k)
+{
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct btree_iter copy;
+       struct bkey_s_c prev;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (!bch2_debug_check_iterators)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS))
+               return 0;
+
+       if (bkey_err(k) || !k.k)
+               return 0;
+
+       BUG_ON(!bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(trans->c,
+                                         iter->snapshot,
+                                         k.k->p.snapshot));
+
+       bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, &copy, iter->btree_id, iter->pos,
+                            BTREE_ITER_NOPRESERVE|
+                            BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS);
+       prev = bch2_btree_iter_prev(&copy);
+       if (!prev.k)
+               goto out;
+
+       ret = bkey_err(prev);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(trans, b, iter)
-               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, b->level);
+       if (!bkey_cmp(prev.k->p, k.k->p) &&
+           bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(trans->c, iter->snapshot,
+                                     prev.k->p.snapshot) > 0) {
+               struct printbuf buf1 = PRINTBUF, buf2 = PRINTBUF;
+
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&buf1, k.k);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&buf2, prev.k);
+
+               panic("iter snap %u\n"
+                     "k    %s\n"
+                     "prev %s\n",
+                     iter->snapshot,
+                     buf1.buf, buf2.buf);
+       }
+out:
+       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &copy);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+void bch2_assert_pos_locked(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id id,
+                           struct bpos pos, bool key_cache)
+{
+       struct btree_path *path;
+       unsigned idx;
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+
+       trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, idx) {
+               int cmp = cmp_int(path->btree_id, id) ?:
+                       cmp_int(path->cached, key_cache);
+
+               if (cmp > 0)
+                       break;
+               if (cmp < 0)
+                       continue;
+
+               if (!(path->nodes_locked & 1) ||
+                   !path->should_be_locked)
+                       continue;
+
+               if (!key_cache) {
+                       if (bkey_cmp(pos, path->l[0].b->data->min_key) >= 0 &&
+                           bkey_cmp(pos, path->l[0].b->key.k.p) <= 0)
+                               return;
+               } else {
+                       if (!bkey_cmp(pos, path->pos))
+                               return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(trans);
+       bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, pos);
+
+       panic("not locked: %s %s%s\n",
+             bch2_btree_ids[id], buf.buf,
+             key_cache ? " cached" : "");
 }
 
 #else
 
-static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned l) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_path_verify_level(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                               struct btree_path *path, unsigned l) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_path_verify(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                         struct btree_path *path) {}
 static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(struct btree_iter *iter) {}
+static inline int bch2_btree_iter_verify_ret(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bkey_s_c k) { return 0; }
 
 #endif
 
+/* Btree path: fixups after btree updates */
+
 static void btree_node_iter_set_set_pos(struct btree_node_iter *iter,
                                        struct btree *b,
                                        struct bset_tree *t,
@@ -540,41 +848,38 @@ static void btree_node_iter_set_set_pos(struct btree_node_iter *iter,
        bch2_btree_node_iter_push(iter, b, k, btree_bkey_last(b, t));
 }
 
-static void __bch2_btree_iter_fix_key_modified(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static void __bch2_btree_path_fix_key_modified(struct btree_path *path,
                                               struct btree *b,
                                               struct bkey_packed *where)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[b->level];
-       struct bpos pos = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
+       struct btree_path_level *l = &path->l[b->c.level];
 
        if (where != bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b))
                return;
 
-       if (bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, where, &pos) < 0)
+       if (bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, where, &path->pos) < 0)
                bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&l->iter, l->b);
-
-       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_iter_fix_key_modified(struct btree_iter *iter,
+void bch2_btree_path_fix_key_modified(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                      struct btree *b,
                                      struct bkey_packed *where)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked) {
-               __bch2_btree_iter_fix_key_modified(linked, b, where);
-               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(linked, b->level);
+       trans_for_each_path_with_node(trans, b, path) {
+               __bch2_btree_path_fix_key_modified(path, b, where);
+               bch2_btree_path_verify_level(trans, path, b->c.level);
        }
 }
 
-static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                     struct btree *b,
-                                     struct btree_node_iter *node_iter,
-                                     struct bset_tree *t,
-                                     struct bkey_packed *where,
-                                     unsigned clobber_u64s,
-                                     unsigned new_u64s)
+static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_path *path,
+                                      struct btree *b,
+                                      struct btree_node_iter *node_iter,
+                                      struct bset_tree *t,
+                                      struct bkey_packed *where,
+                                      unsigned clobber_u64s,
+                                      unsigned new_u64s)
 {
        const struct bkey_packed *end = btree_bkey_last(b, t);
        struct btree_node_iter_set *set;
@@ -585,7 +890,6 @@ static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
        bool iter_current_key_modified =
                orig_iter_pos >= offset &&
                orig_iter_pos <= offset + clobber_u64s;
-       struct bpos iter_pos = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
 
        btree_node_iter_for_each(node_iter, set)
                if (set->end == old_end)
@@ -593,7 +897,7 @@ static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
 
        /* didn't find the bset in the iterator - might have to readd it: */
        if (new_u64s &&
-           bkey_iter_pos_cmp(b, where, &iter_pos) >= 0) {
+           bkey_iter_pos_cmp(b, where, &path->pos) >= 0) {
                bch2_btree_node_iter_push(node_iter, b, where, end);
                goto fixup_done;
        } else {
@@ -608,7 +912,7 @@ found:
                return;
 
        if (new_u64s &&
-           bkey_iter_pos_cmp(b, where, &iter_pos) >= 0) {
+           bkey_iter_pos_cmp(b, where, &path->pos) >= 0) {
                set->k = offset;
        } else if (set->k < offset + clobber_u64s) {
                set->k = offset + new_u64s;
@@ -634,8 +938,7 @@ fixup_done:
         */
        if (!bch2_btree_node_iter_end(node_iter) &&
            iter_current_key_modified &&
-           (b->level ||
-            btree_node_type_is_extents(iter->btree_id))) {
+           b->c.level) {
                struct bset_tree *t;
                struct bkey_packed *k, *k2, *p;
 
@@ -660,14 +963,10 @@ fixup_done:
                                                            b, t, k2);
                }
        }
-
-       if (!b->level &&
-           node_iter == &iter->l[0].iter &&
-           iter_current_key_modified)
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
+void bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                             struct btree_path *path,
                              struct btree *b,
                              struct btree_node_iter *node_iter,
                              struct bkey_packed *where,
@@ -675,31 +974,31 @@ void bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
                              unsigned new_u64s)
 {
        struct bset_tree *t = bch2_bkey_to_bset(b, where);
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_path *linked;
 
-       if (node_iter != &iter->l[b->level].iter) {
-               __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(iter, b, node_iter, t,
+       if (node_iter != &path->l[b->c.level].iter) {
+               __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(path, b, node_iter, t,
                                           where, clobber_u64s, new_u64s);
 
-               if (debug_check_iterators(iter->trans->c))
+               if (bch2_debug_check_iterators)
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_verify(node_iter, b);
        }
 
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked) {
+       trans_for_each_path_with_node(trans, b, linked) {
                __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(linked, b,
-                                          &linked->l[b->level].iter, t,
+                                          &linked->l[b->c.level].iter, t,
                                           where, clobber_u64s, new_u64s);
-               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(linked, b->level);
+               bch2_btree_path_verify_level(trans, linked, b->c.level);
        }
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_unpack(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                                 struct btree_iter_level *l,
+/* Btree path level: pointer to a particular btree node and node iter */
+
+static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_unpack(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                                 struct btree_path_level *l,
                                                  struct bkey *u,
                                                  struct bkey_packed *k)
 {
-       struct bkey_s_c ret;
-
        if (unlikely(!k)) {
                /*
                 * signal to bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot() that we're currently at
@@ -709,47 +1008,50 @@ static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_unpack(struct btree_iter *iter,
                return bkey_s_c_null;
        }
 
-       ret = bkey_disassemble(l->b, k, u);
-
-       if (debug_check_bkeys(iter->trans->c))
-               bch2_bkey_debugcheck(iter->trans->c, l->b, ret);
-
-       return ret;
+       return bkey_disassemble(l->b, k, u);
 }
 
-/* peek_all() doesn't skip deleted keys */
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_peek_all(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                                   struct btree_iter_level *l,
-                                                   struct bkey *u)
+static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_path_level_peek_all(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                                       struct btree_path_level *l,
+                                                       struct bkey *u)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, u,
+       return __btree_iter_unpack(c, l, u,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b));
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                               struct btree_iter_level *l)
+static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_path_level_peek(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                                   struct btree_path *path,
+                                                   struct btree_path_level *l,
+                                                   struct bkey *u)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
+       struct bkey_s_c k = __btree_iter_unpack(c, l, u,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b));
+
+       path->pos = k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->key.k.p;
+       return k;
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_prev(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                               struct btree_iter_level *l)
+static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_path_level_prev(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                                   struct btree_path *path,
+                                                   struct btree_path_level *l,
+                                                   struct bkey *u)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
+       struct bkey_s_c k = __btree_iter_unpack(c, l, u,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_prev(&l->iter, l->b));
+
+       path->pos = k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->data->min_key;
+       return k;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_advance_to_pos(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                            struct btree_iter_level *l,
+static inline bool btree_path_advance_to_pos(struct btree_path *path,
+                                            struct btree_path_level *l,
                                             int max_advance)
 {
-       struct bpos pos = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
        struct bkey_packed *k;
        int nr_advanced = 0;
 
        while ((k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b)) &&
-              bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, k, &pos) < 0) {
+              bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, k, &path->pos) < 0) {
                if (max_advance > 0 && nr_advanced >= max_advance)
                        return false;
 
@@ -763,9 +1065,11 @@ static inline bool btree_iter_advance_to_pos(struct btree_iter *iter,
 /*
  * Verify that iterator for parent node points to child node:
  */
-static void btree_iter_verify_new_node(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
+static void btree_path_verify_new_node(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                      struct btree_path *path, struct btree *b)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_path_level *l;
        unsigned plevel;
        bool parent_locked;
        struct bkey_packed *k;
@@ -773,93 +1077,101 @@ static void btree_iter_verify_new_node(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG))
                return;
 
-       plevel = b->level + 1;
-       if (!btree_iter_node(iter, plevel))
+       if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE, &c->journal.flags))
                return;
 
-       parent_locked = btree_node_locked(iter, plevel);
+       plevel = b->c.level + 1;
+       if (!btree_path_node(path, plevel))
+               return;
+
+       parent_locked = btree_node_locked(path, plevel);
 
-       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, plevel))
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, plevel))
                return;
 
-       l = &iter->l[plevel];
+       l = &path->l[plevel];
        k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
        if (!k ||
            bkey_deleted(k) ||
            bkey_cmp_left_packed(l->b, k, &b->key.k.p)) {
-               char buf[100];
+               struct printbuf buf1 = PRINTBUF;
+               struct printbuf buf2 = PRINTBUF;
+               struct printbuf buf3 = PRINTBUF;
+               struct printbuf buf4 = PRINTBUF;
                struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(b, k);
 
-               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf), &uk);
-               panic("parent iter doesn't point to new node:\n%s\n%llu:%llu\n",
-                     buf, b->key.k.p.inode, b->key.k.p.offset);
+               bch2_dump_btree_node(c, l->b);
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf1, path->pos);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&buf2, &uk);
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf3, b->data->min_key);
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf3, b->data->max_key);
+               panic("parent iter doesn't point to new node:\n"
+                     "iter pos %s %s\n"
+                     "iter key %s\n"
+                     "new node %s-%s\n",
+                     bch2_btree_ids[path->btree_id],
+                     buf1.buf, buf2.buf, buf3.buf, buf4.buf);
        }
 
        if (!parent_locked)
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, b->level + 1);
+               btree_node_unlock(path, plevel);
 }
 
-static inline void __btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                    unsigned level)
+static inline void __btree_path_level_init(struct btree_path *path,
+                                          unsigned level)
 {
-       struct bpos pos = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[level];
+       struct btree_path_level *l = &path->l[level];
 
-       bch2_btree_node_iter_init(&l->iter, l->b, &pos);
+       bch2_btree_node_iter_init(&l->iter, l->b, &path->pos);
 
-       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+       /*
+        * Iterators to interior nodes should always be pointed at the first non
+        * whiteout:
+        */
+       if (level)
+               bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b);
 }
 
-static inline void btree_iter_node_set(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                      struct btree *b)
+static inline void btree_path_level_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                        struct btree_path *path,
+                                        struct btree *b)
 {
-       btree_iter_verify_new_node(iter, b);
+       BUG_ON(path->cached);
 
-       EBUG_ON(!btree_iter_pos_in_node(iter, b));
-       EBUG_ON(b->lock.state.seq & 1);
+       btree_path_verify_new_node(trans, path, b);
 
-       iter->l[b->level].lock_seq = b->lock.state.seq;
-       iter->l[b->level].b = b;
-       __btree_iter_init(iter, b->level);
+       EBUG_ON(!btree_path_pos_in_node(path, b));
+       EBUG_ON(b->c.lock.state.seq & 1);
+
+       path->l[b->c.level].lock_seq = b->c.lock.state.seq;
+       path->l[b->c.level].b = b;
+       __btree_path_level_init(path, b->c.level);
 }
 
+/* Btree path: fixups after btree node updates: */
+
 /*
  * A btree node is being replaced - update the iterator to point to the new
  * node:
  */
-void bch2_btree_iter_node_replace(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
+void bch2_trans_node_add(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
 {
-       enum btree_node_locked_type t;
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               if (btree_iter_pos_in_node(linked, b)) {
-                       /*
-                        * bch2_btree_iter_node_drop() has already been called -
-                        * the old node we're replacing has already been
-                        * unlocked and the pointer invalidated
-                        */
-                       BUG_ON(btree_node_locked(linked, b->level));
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               if (!path->cached &&
+                   btree_path_pos_in_node(path, b)) {
+                       enum btree_node_locked_type t =
+                               btree_lock_want(path, b->c.level);
 
-                       t = btree_lock_want(linked, b->level);
-                       if (t != BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED) {
-                               six_lock_increment(&b->lock, t);
-                               mark_btree_node_locked(linked, b->level, t);
+                       if (path->nodes_locked &&
+                           t != BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED) {
+                               btree_node_unlock(path, b->c.level);
+                               six_lock_increment(&b->c.lock, t);
+                               mark_btree_node_locked(trans, path, b->c.level, t);
                        }
 
-                       btree_iter_node_set(linked, b);
-               }
-}
-
-void bch2_btree_iter_node_drop(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
-{
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
-       unsigned level = b->level;
-
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               if (linked->l[level].b == b) {
-                       __btree_node_unlock(linked, level);
-                       linked->l[level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DROP;
+                       btree_path_level_init(trans, path, b);
                }
 }
 
@@ -867,103 +1179,163 @@ void bch2_btree_iter_node_drop(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
  * A btree node has been modified in such a way as to invalidate iterators - fix
  * them:
  */
-void bch2_btree_iter_reinit_node(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
+void bch2_trans_node_reinit_iter(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked)
-               __btree_iter_init(linked, b->level);
+       trans_for_each_path_with_node(trans, b, path)
+               __btree_path_level_init(path, b->c.level);
 }
 
-static inline int btree_iter_lock_root(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                      unsigned depth_want)
+/* Btree path: traverse, set_pos: */
+
+static int lock_root_check_fn(struct six_lock *lock, void *p)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = iter->trans->c;
-       struct btree *b;
+       struct btree *b = container_of(lock, struct btree, c.lock);
+       struct btree **rootp = p;
+
+       return b == *rootp ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+static inline int btree_path_lock_root(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                      struct btree_path *path,
+                                      unsigned depth_want,
+                                      unsigned long trace_ip)
+{
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree *b, **rootp = &c->btree_roots[path->btree_id].b;
        enum six_lock_type lock_type;
        unsigned i;
 
-       EBUG_ON(iter->nodes_locked);
+       EBUG_ON(path->nodes_locked);
 
        while (1) {
-               b = READ_ONCE(c->btree_roots[iter->btree_id].b);
-               iter->level = READ_ONCE(b->level);
+               b = READ_ONCE(*rootp);
+               path->level = READ_ONCE(b->c.level);
 
-               if (unlikely(iter->level < depth_want)) {
+               if (unlikely(path->level < depth_want)) {
                        /*
                         * the root is at a lower depth than the depth we want:
                         * got to the end of the btree, or we're walking nodes
                         * greater than some depth and there are no nodes >=
                         * that depth
                         */
-                       iter->level = depth_want;
-                       for (i = iter->level; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
-                               iter->l[i].b = NULL;
+                       path->level = depth_want;
+                       for (i = path->level; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+                               path->l[i].b = NULL;
                        return 1;
                }
 
-               lock_type = __btree_lock_want(iter, iter->level);
-               if (unlikely(!btree_node_lock(b, POS_MAX, iter->level,
-                                             iter, lock_type)))
-                       return -EINTR;
+               lock_type = __btree_lock_want(path, path->level);
+               if (unlikely(!btree_node_lock(trans, path, b, SPOS_MAX,
+                                             path->level, lock_type,
+                                             lock_root_check_fn, rootp,
+                                             trace_ip))) {
+                       if (trans->restarted)
+                               return -EINTR;
+                       continue;
+               }
 
-               if (likely(b == c->btree_roots[iter->btree_id].b &&
-                          b->level == iter->level &&
+               if (likely(b == READ_ONCE(*rootp) &&
+                          b->c.level == path->level &&
                           !race_fault())) {
-                       for (i = 0; i < iter->level; i++)
-                               iter->l[i].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_LOCK_ROOT;
-                       iter->l[iter->level].b = b;
-                       for (i = iter->level + 1; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
-                               iter->l[i].b = NULL;
-
-                       mark_btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level, lock_type);
-                       btree_iter_node_set(iter, b);
+                       for (i = 0; i < path->level; i++)
+                               path->l[i].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_LOCK_ROOT;
+                       path->l[path->level].b = b;
+                       for (i = path->level + 1; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+                               path->l[i].b = NULL;
+
+                       mark_btree_node_locked(trans, path, path->level, lock_type);
+                       btree_path_level_init(trans, path, b);
                        return 0;
                }
 
-               six_unlock_type(&b->lock, lock_type);
+               six_unlock_type(&b->c.lock, lock_type);
        }
 }
 
 noinline
-static void btree_iter_prefetch(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static int btree_path_prefetch(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = iter->trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[iter->level];
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_path_level *l = path_l(path);
        struct btree_node_iter node_iter = l->iter;
        struct bkey_packed *k;
-       BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
+       struct bkey_buf tmp;
        unsigned nr = test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags)
-               ? (iter->level > 1 ? 0 :  2)
-               : (iter->level > 1 ? 1 : 16);
-       bool was_locked = btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level);
+               ? (path->level > 1 ? 0 :  2)
+               : (path->level > 1 ? 1 : 16);
+       bool was_locked = btree_node_locked(path, path->level);
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       while (nr) {
-               if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, iter->level))
-                       return;
+       bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
+
+       while (nr && !ret) {
+               if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, path->level))
+                       break;
 
                bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&node_iter, l->b);
                k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&node_iter, l->b);
                if (!k)
                        break;
 
-               bch2_bkey_unpack(l->b, &tmp.k, k);
-               bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, iter, &tmp.k, iter->level - 1);
+               bch2_bkey_buf_unpack(&tmp, c, l->b, k);
+               ret = bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, trans, path, tmp.k, path->btree_id,
+                                              path->level - 1);
        }
 
        if (!was_locked)
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
+               btree_node_unlock(path, path->level);
+
+       bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&tmp, c);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static noinline void btree_node_mem_ptr_set(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static int btree_path_prefetch_j(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
+                                struct btree_and_journal_iter *jiter)
+{
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       struct bkey_buf tmp;
+       unsigned nr = test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags)
+               ? (path->level > 1 ? 0 :  2)
+               : (path->level > 1 ? 1 : 16);
+       bool was_locked = btree_node_locked(path, path->level);
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
+
+       while (nr && !ret) {
+               if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, path->level))
+                       break;
+
+               bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_advance(jiter);
+               k = bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_peek(jiter);
+               if (!k.k)
+                       break;
+
+               bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&tmp, c, k);
+               ret = bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, trans, path, tmp.k, path->btree_id,
+                                              path->level - 1);
+       }
+
+       if (!was_locked)
+               btree_node_unlock(path, path->level);
+
+       bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&tmp, c);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static noinline void btree_node_mem_ptr_set(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                           struct btree_path *path,
                                            unsigned plevel, struct btree *b)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[plevel];
-       bool locked = btree_node_locked(iter, plevel);
+       struct btree_path_level *l = &path->l[plevel];
+       bool locked = btree_node_locked(path, plevel);
        struct bkey_packed *k;
        struct bch_btree_ptr_v2 *bp;
 
-       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, plevel))
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, plevel))
                return;
 
        k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
@@ -973,70 +1345,126 @@ static noinline void btree_node_mem_ptr_set(struct btree_iter *iter,
        bp->mem_ptr = (unsigned long)b;
 
        if (!locked)
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, plevel);
+               btree_node_unlock(path, plevel);
+}
+
+static noinline int btree_node_iter_and_journal_peek(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                                    struct btree_path *path,
+                                                    unsigned flags,
+                                                    struct bkey_buf *out)
+{
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_path_level *l = path_l(path);
+       struct btree_and_journal_iter jiter;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       __bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_init_node_iter(&jiter, c, l->b, l->iter, path->pos);
+
+       k = bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_peek(&jiter);
+
+       bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(out, c, k);
+
+       if (flags & BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH)
+               ret = btree_path_prefetch_j(trans, path, &jiter);
+
+       bch2_btree_and_journal_iter_exit(&jiter);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static __always_inline int btree_iter_down(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static __always_inline int btree_path_down(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                          struct btree_path *path,
+                                          unsigned flags,
+                                          unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = iter->trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[iter->level];
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_path_level *l = path_l(path);
        struct btree *b;
-       unsigned level = iter->level - 1;
-       enum six_lock_type lock_type = __btree_lock_want(iter, level);
-       BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
+       unsigned level = path->level - 1;
+       enum six_lock_type lock_type = __btree_lock_want(path, level);
+       bool replay_done = test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE, &c->journal.flags);
+       struct bkey_buf tmp;
+       int ret;
 
-       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level));
+       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(path, path->level));
 
-       bch2_bkey_unpack(l->b, &tmp.k,
-                        bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b));
+       bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
 
-       b = bch2_btree_node_get(c, iter, &tmp.k, level, lock_type);
-       if (unlikely(IS_ERR(b)))
-               return PTR_ERR(b);
+       if (unlikely(!replay_done)) {
+               ret = btree_node_iter_and_journal_peek(trans, path, flags, &tmp);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto err;
+       } else {
+               bch2_bkey_buf_unpack(&tmp, c, l->b,
+                                bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b));
 
-       mark_btree_node_locked(iter, level, lock_type);
-       btree_iter_node_set(iter, b);
+               if (flags & BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH) {
+                       ret = btree_path_prefetch(trans, path);
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto err;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (tmp.k.k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2 &&
-           unlikely(b != btree_node_mem_ptr(&tmp.k)))
-               btree_node_mem_ptr_set(iter, level + 1, b);
+       b = bch2_btree_node_get(trans, path, tmp.k, level, lock_type, trace_ip);
+       ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(b);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               goto err;
 
-       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH)
-               btree_iter_prefetch(iter);
+       mark_btree_node_locked(trans, path, level, lock_type);
+       btree_path_level_init(trans, path, b);
 
-       iter->level = level;
+       if (likely(replay_done && tmp.k->k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) &&
+           unlikely(b != btree_node_mem_ptr(tmp.k)))
+               btree_node_mem_ptr_set(trans, path, level + 1, b);
 
-       return 0;
-}
+       if (btree_node_read_locked(path, level + 1))
+               btree_node_unlock(path, level + 1);
+       path->level = level;
 
-static void btree_iter_up(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level++);
+       bch2_btree_path_verify_locks(path);
+err:
+       bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&tmp, c);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static int btree_iter_traverse_one(struct btree_iter *);
+static int btree_path_traverse_one(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *,
+                                  unsigned, unsigned long);
 
-static int __btree_iter_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                  struct btree_iter *orig_iter, int ret)
+static int bch2_btree_path_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
-       u8 sorted[BTREE_ITER_MAX];
-       unsigned i, nr_sorted = 0;
+       struct btree_path *path;
+       unsigned long trace_ip = _RET_IP_;
+       int i, ret = 0;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               sorted[nr_sorted++] = iter - trans->iters;
+       if (trans->in_traverse_all)
+               return -EINTR;
 
-#define btree_iter_cmp_by_idx(_l, _r)                          \
-               btree_iter_cmp(&trans->iters[_l], &trans->iters[_r])
+       trans->in_traverse_all = true;
+retry_all:
+       trans->restarted = false;
+       trans->traverse_all_idx = U8_MAX;
 
-       bubble_sort(sorted, nr_sorted, btree_iter_cmp_by_idx);
-#undef btree_iter_cmp_by_idx
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               path->should_be_locked = false;
+
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+
+       for (i = trans->nr_sorted - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+               struct btree_path *path1 = trans->paths + trans->sorted[i];
+               struct btree_path *path2 = trans->paths + trans->sorted[i + 1];
+
+               if (path1->btree_id == path2->btree_id &&
+                   path1->locks_want < path2->locks_want)
+                       __bch2_btree_path_upgrade(trans, path1, path2->locks_want);
+               else if (!path1->locks_want && path2->locks_want)
+                       __bch2_btree_path_upgrade(trans, path1, 1);
+       }
 
-retry_all:
        bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+       cond_resched();
 
-       if (unlikely(ret == -ENOMEM)) {
+       if (unlikely(trans->memory_allocation_failure)) {
                struct closure cl;
 
                closure_init_stack(&cl);
@@ -1047,71 +1475,82 @@ retry_all:
                } while (ret);
        }
 
-       if (unlikely(ret == -EIO)) {
-               trans->error = true;
-               if (orig_iter) {
-                       orig_iter->flags |= BTREE_ITER_ERROR;
-                       orig_iter->l[orig_iter->level].b =
-                               BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_ERROR;
-               }
-               goto out;
-       }
-
-       BUG_ON(ret && ret != -EINTR);
-
        /* Now, redo traversals in correct order: */
-       for (i = 0; i < nr_sorted; i++) {
-               iter = &trans->iters[sorted[i]];
+       trans->traverse_all_idx = 0;
+       while (trans->traverse_all_idx < trans->nr_sorted) {
+               path = trans->paths + trans->sorted[trans->traverse_all_idx];
 
-               ret = btree_iter_traverse_one(iter);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto retry_all;
+               /*
+                * Traversing a path can cause another path to be added at about
+                * the same position:
+                */
+               if (path->uptodate) {
+                       ret = btree_path_traverse_one(trans, path, 0, _THIS_IP_);
+                       if (ret == -EINTR || ret == -ENOMEM)
+                               goto retry_all;
+                       if (ret)
+                               goto err;
+                       BUG_ON(path->uptodate);
+               } else {
+                       trans->traverse_all_idx++;
+               }
        }
 
-       if (hweight64(trans->iters_live) > 1)
-               ret = -EINTR;
-       else
-               trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-                       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT) {
-                               ret = -EINTR;
-                               break;
-                       }
-out:
+       /*
+        * BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK is ok here - if we called bch2_trans_unlock()
+        * and relock(), relock() won't relock since path->should_be_locked
+        * isn't set yet, which is all fine
+        */
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               BUG_ON(path->uptodate >= BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+err:
        bch2_btree_cache_cannibalize_unlock(c);
-       return ret;
-}
 
-int bch2_btree_iter_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
-       return __btree_iter_traverse_all(trans, NULL, 0);
+       trans->in_traverse_all = false;
+
+       trace_trans_traverse_all(trans->fn, trace_ip);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_good_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static inline bool btree_path_good_node(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                       struct btree_path *path,
                                        unsigned l, int check_pos)
 {
-       if (!is_btree_node(iter, l) ||
-           !bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, l))
+       if (!is_btree_node(path, l) ||
+           !bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, l))
                return false;
 
-       if (check_pos <= 0 && btree_iter_pos_before_node(iter, iter->l[l].b))
+       if (check_pos < 0 && btree_path_pos_before_node(path, path->l[l].b))
                return false;
-       if (check_pos >= 0 && btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, iter->l[l].b))
+       if (check_pos > 0 && btree_path_pos_after_node(path, path->l[l].b))
                return false;
        return true;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned btree_iter_up_until_good_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+static inline unsigned btree_path_up_until_good_node(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                                    struct btree_path *path,
                                                     int check_pos)
 {
-       unsigned l = iter->level;
+       unsigned i, l = path->level;
 
-       while (btree_iter_node(iter, l) &&
-              !btree_iter_good_node(iter, l, check_pos)) {
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, l);
-               iter->l[l].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
+       while (btree_path_node(path, l) &&
+              !btree_path_good_node(trans, path, l, check_pos)) {
+               btree_node_unlock(path, l);
+               path->l[l].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
                l++;
        }
 
+       /* If we need intent locks, take them too: */
+       for (i = l + 1;
+            i < path->locks_want && btree_path_node(path, i);
+            i++)
+               if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, i))
+                       while (l <= i) {
+                               btree_node_unlock(path, l);
+                               path->l[l].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
+                               l++;
+                       }
+
        return l;
 }
 
@@ -1124,220 +1563,164 @@ static inline unsigned btree_iter_up_until_good_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
  * On error, caller (peek_node()/peek_key()) must return NULL; the error is
  * stashed in the iterator and returned from bch2_trans_exit().
  */
-static int btree_iter_traverse_one(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static int btree_path_traverse_one(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                  struct btree_path *path,
+                                  unsigned flags,
+                                  unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
-       unsigned depth_want = iter->level;
+       unsigned depth_want = path->level;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       if (unlikely(iter->level >= BTREE_MAX_DEPTH))
-               return 0;
+       if (unlikely(trans->restarted)) {
+               ret = -EINTR;
+               goto out;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * if we need interior nodes locked, call btree_iter_relock() to make
-        * sure we walk back up enough that we lock them:
+        * Ensure we obey path->should_be_locked: if it's set, we can't unlock
+        * and re-traverse the path without a transaction restart:
         */
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK ||
-           iter->locks_want > 1)
-               bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter, false);
-
-       if (iter->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
-               return 0;
+       if (path->should_be_locked) {
+               ret = bch2_btree_path_relock(trans, path, trace_ip) ? 0 : -EINTR;
+               goto out;
+       }
 
-       /*
-        * XXX: correctly using BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE should make using check_pos
-        * here unnecessary
-        */
-       iter->level = btree_iter_up_until_good_node(iter, 0);
+       if (path->cached) {
+               ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse_cached(trans, path, flags);
+               goto out;
+       }
 
-       /*
-        * If we've got a btree node locked (i.e. we aren't about to relock the
-        * root) - advance its node iterator if necessary:
-        *
-        * XXX correctly using BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE should make this unnecessary
-        */
-       if (btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level)) {
-               BUG_ON(!btree_iter_pos_in_node(iter, iter->l[iter->level].b));
+       if (unlikely(path->level >= BTREE_MAX_DEPTH))
+               goto out;
 
-               btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, &iter->l[iter->level], -1);
-       }
+       path->level = btree_path_up_until_good_node(trans, path, 0);
 
        /*
-        * Note: iter->nodes[iter->level] may be temporarily NULL here - that
+        * Note: path->nodes[path->level] may be temporarily NULL here - that
         * would indicate to other code that we got to the end of the btree,
         * here it indicates that relocking the root failed - it's critical that
-        * btree_iter_lock_root() comes next and that it can't fail
+        * btree_path_lock_root() comes next and that it can't fail
         */
-       while (iter->level > depth_want) {
-               int ret = btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level)
-                       ? btree_iter_down(iter)
-                       : btree_iter_lock_root(iter, depth_want);
+       while (path->level > depth_want) {
+               ret = btree_path_node(path, path->level)
+                       ? btree_path_down(trans, path, flags, trace_ip)
+                       : btree_path_lock_root(trans, path, depth_want, trace_ip);
                if (unlikely(ret)) {
-                       if (ret == 1)
-                               return 0;
+                       if (ret == 1) {
+                               /*
+                                * No nodes at this level - got to the end of
+                                * the btree:
+                                */
+                               ret = 0;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+
+                       __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
+                       path->level = depth_want;
 
-                       iter->level = depth_want;
-                       iter->l[iter->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DOWN;
-                       return ret;
+                       if (ret == -EIO)
+                               path->l[path->level].b =
+                                       BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_ERROR;
+                       else
+                               path->l[path->level].b =
+                                       BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DOWN;
+                       goto out;
                }
        }
 
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int __must_check __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret =   bch2_trans_cond_resched(iter->trans) ?:
-               btree_iter_traverse_one(iter);
-       if (unlikely(ret))
-               ret = __btree_iter_traverse_all(iter->trans, iter, ret);
-
+       path->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+out:
+       BUG_ON((ret == -EINTR) != !!trans->restarted);
+       bch2_btree_path_verify(trans, path);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static inline void bch2_btree_iter_checks(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                         enum btree_iter_type type)
+int __must_check bch2_btree_path_traverse(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                         struct btree_path *path, unsigned flags)
 {
-       EBUG_ON(iter->btree_id >= BTREE_ID_NR);
-       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) != type);
-
-       BUG_ON(type == BTREE_ITER_KEYS &&
-              (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, bkey_start_pos(&iter->k)) < 0 ||
-               bkey_cmp(iter->pos, iter->k.p) > 0));
+       if (path->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
+               return 0;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(iter);
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, iter->level);
+       return  bch2_trans_cond_resched(trans) ?:
+               btree_path_traverse_one(trans, path, flags, _RET_IP_);
 }
 
-/* Iterate across nodes (leaf and interior nodes) */
-
-struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static void btree_path_copy(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *dst,
+                           struct btree_path *src)
 {
-       struct btree *b;
-       int ret;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
-
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)
-               return iter->l[iter->level].b;
-
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-       if (ret)
-               return NULL;
-
-       b = btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level);
-       if (!b)
-               return NULL;
-
-       BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(b->key.k.p, iter->pos) < 0);
+       unsigned i;
 
-       iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+       memcpy(&dst->pos, &src->pos,
+              sizeof(struct btree_path) - offsetof(struct btree_path, pos));
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+               if (btree_node_locked(dst, i))
+                       six_lock_increment(&dst->l[i].b->c.lock,
+                                          __btree_lock_want(dst, i));
 
-       return b;
+       bch2_btree_path_check_sort(trans, dst, 0);
 }
 
-struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static struct btree_path *btree_path_clone(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *src,
+                                          bool intent)
 {
-       struct btree *b;
-       int ret;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
-
-       /* already got to end? */
-       if (!btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level))
-               return NULL;
-
-       bch2_trans_cond_resched(iter->trans);
-
-       btree_iter_up(iter);
-
-       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, iter->level))
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK);
-
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-       if (ret)
-               return NULL;
-
-       /* got to end? */
-       b = btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level);
-       if (!b)
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, b->key.k.p) < 0) {
-               /*
-                * Haven't gotten to the end of the parent node: go back down to
-                * the next child node
-                */
+       struct btree_path *new = btree_path_alloc(trans, src);
 
-               /*
-                * We don't really want to be unlocking here except we can't
-                * directly tell btree_iter_traverse() "traverse to this level"
-                * except by setting iter->level, so we have to unlock so we
-                * don't screw up our lock invariants:
-                */
-               if (btree_node_read_locked(iter, iter->level))
-                       btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
-
-               /* ick: */
-               iter->pos       = iter->btree_id == BTREE_ID_INODES
-                       ? btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos)
-                       : bkey_successor(iter->pos);
-               iter->level     = iter->min_depth;
-
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (ret)
-                       return NULL;
+       btree_path_copy(trans, new, src);
+       __btree_path_get(new, intent);
+       return new;
+}
 
-               b = iter->l[iter->level].b;
+inline struct btree_path * __must_check
+bch2_btree_path_make_mut(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                        struct btree_path *path, bool intent,
+                        unsigned long ip)
+{
+       if (path->ref > 1 || path->preserve) {
+               __btree_path_put(path, intent);
+               path = btree_path_clone(trans, path, intent);
+               path->preserve = false;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+               path->ip_allocated = ip;
+#endif
+               btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
        }
 
-       iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
-
-       return b;
+       path->should_be_locked = false;
+       return path;
 }
 
-/* Iterate across keys (in leaf nodes only) */
-
-void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos_same_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos)
+struct btree_path * __must_check
+bch2_btree_path_set_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                  struct btree_path *path, struct bpos new_pos,
+                  bool intent, unsigned long ip)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
+       int cmp = bpos_cmp(new_pos, path->pos);
+       unsigned l = path->level;
 
-       EBUG_ON(iter->level != 0);
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(new_pos, iter->pos) < 0);
-       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(iter, 0));
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(new_pos, l->b->key.k.p) > 0);
+       EBUG_ON(trans->restarted);
+       EBUG_ON(!path->ref);
 
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p = iter->pos = new_pos;
-       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+       if (!cmp)
+               return path;
 
-       btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, l, -1);
+       path = bch2_btree_path_make_mut(trans, path, intent, ip);
 
-       if (bch2_btree_node_iter_end(&l->iter) &&
-           btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, l->b))
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-}
+       path->pos = new_pos;
 
-static void btree_iter_pos_changed(struct btree_iter *iter, int cmp)
-{
-       unsigned l = iter->level;
+       bch2_btree_path_check_sort(trans, path, cmp);
 
-       if (!cmp)
+       if (unlikely(path->cached)) {
+               btree_node_unlock(path, 0);
+               path->l[0].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_CACHED;
+               btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
                goto out;
+       }
 
-       l = btree_iter_up_until_good_node(iter, cmp);
+       l = btree_path_up_until_good_node(trans, path, cmp);
 
-       if (btree_iter_node(iter, l)) {
+       if (btree_path_node(path, l)) {
+               BUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(path, l));
                /*
                 * We might have to skip over many keys, or just a few: try
                 * advancing the node iterator, and if we have to skip over too
@@ -1345,869 +1728,1602 @@ static void btree_iter_pos_changed(struct btree_iter *iter, int cmp)
                 * is expensive).
                 */
                if (cmp < 0 ||
-                   !btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, &iter->l[l], 8))
-                       __btree_iter_init(iter, l);
+                   !btree_path_advance_to_pos(path, &path->l[l], 8))
+                       __btree_path_level_init(path, l);
+       }
 
-               /* Don't leave it locked if we're not supposed to: */
-               if (btree_lock_want(iter, l) == BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED)
-                       btree_node_unlock(iter, l);
+       if (l != path->level) {
+               btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+               __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
        }
 out:
-       if (l != iter->level)
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-       else
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+       bch2_btree_path_verify(trans, path);
+       return path;
 }
 
-void __bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos,
-                              bool strictly_greater)
-{
-       struct bpos old = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
-       int cmp;
+/* Btree path: main interface: */
 
-       iter->flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
-       iter->flags |= strictly_greater ? BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS : 0;
+static struct btree_path *have_path_at_pos(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path)
+{
+       struct btree_path *next;
 
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p = iter->pos = new_pos;
+       next = prev_btree_path(trans, path);
+       if (next && !btree_path_cmp(next, path))
+               return next;
 
-       cmp = bkey_cmp(btree_iter_search_key(iter), old);
+       next = next_btree_path(trans, path);
+       if (next && !btree_path_cmp(next, path))
+               return next;
 
-       btree_iter_pos_changed(iter, cmp);
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos)
+static struct btree_path *have_node_at_pos(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path)
 {
-       int cmp = bkey_cmp(new_pos, iter->pos);
+       struct btree_path *next;
 
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p = iter->pos = new_pos;
+       next = prev_btree_path(trans, path);
+       if (next && next->level == path->level && path_l(next)->b == path_l(path)->b)
+               return next;
+
+       next = next_btree_path(trans, path);
+       if (next && next->level == path->level && path_l(next)->b == path_l(path)->b)
+               return next;
 
-       btree_iter_pos_changed(iter, cmp);
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_set_pos_to_next_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static inline void __bch2_path_free(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       bool ret;
-
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p = iter->pos = l->b->key.k.p;
-
-       ret = bkey_cmp(iter->pos, POS_MAX) != 0;
-       if (ret)
-               iter->k.p = iter->pos = btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos);
-
-       btree_iter_pos_changed(iter, 1);
-       return ret;
+       __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
+       btree_path_list_remove(trans, path);
+       trans->paths_allocated &= ~(1ULL << path->idx);
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_set_pos_to_prev_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter)
+void bch2_path_put(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path, bool intent)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       bool ret;
+       struct btree_path *dup;
 
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p = iter->pos = l->b->data->min_key;
-       iter->uptodate  = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
+       EBUG_ON(trans->paths + path->idx != path);
+       EBUG_ON(!path->ref);
 
-       ret = bkey_cmp(iter->pos, POS_MIN) != 0;
-       if (ret)
-               iter->k.p = iter->pos = btree_type_predecessor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos);
+       if (!__btree_path_put(path, intent))
+               return;
 
-       btree_iter_pos_changed(iter, -1);
-       return ret;
+       /*
+        * Perhaps instead we should check for duplicate paths in traverse_all:
+        */
+       if (path->preserve &&
+           (dup = have_path_at_pos(trans, path))) {
+               dup->preserve = true;
+               path->preserve = false;
+               goto free;
+       }
+
+       if (!path->preserve &&
+           (dup = have_node_at_pos(trans, path)))
+               goto free;
+       return;
+free:
+       if (path->should_be_locked &&
+           !btree_node_locked(dup, path->level))
+               return;
+
+       dup->should_be_locked |= path->should_be_locked;
+       __bch2_path_free(trans, path);
 }
 
-/**
- * btree_iter_peek_uptodate - given an iterator that is uptodate, return the key
- * it currently points to
- */
-static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_iter_peek_uptodate(struct btree_iter *iter)
+void bch2_trans_updates_to_text(struct printbuf *buf, struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c ret = { .k = &iter->k };
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
 
-       if (!bkey_deleted(&iter->k)) {
-               struct bkey_packed *_k =
-                       __bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
+       pr_buf(buf, "transaction updates for %s journal seq %llu",
+              trans->fn, trans->journal_res.seq);
+       pr_newline(buf);
+       pr_indent_push(buf, 2);
 
-               ret.v = bkeyp_val(&l->b->format, _k);
+       trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {
+               struct bkey_s_c old = { &i->old_k, i->old_v };
 
-               if (debug_check_iterators(iter->trans->c)) {
-                       struct bkey k = bkey_unpack_key(l->b, _k);
+               pr_buf(buf, "update: btree %s %pS",
+                      bch2_btree_ids[i->btree_id],
+                      (void *) i->ip_allocated);
+               pr_newline(buf);
 
-                       BUG_ON(memcmp(&k, &iter->k, sizeof(k)));
-               }
+               pr_buf(buf, "  old ");
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(buf, trans->c, old);
+               pr_newline(buf);
 
-               if (debug_check_bkeys(iter->trans->c))
-                       bch2_bkey_debugcheck(iter->trans->c, l->b, ret);
+               pr_buf(buf, "  new ");
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(buf, trans->c, bkey_i_to_s_c(i->k));
+               pr_newline(buf);
        }
 
-       return ret;
+       pr_indent_pop(buf, 2);
 }
 
-/**
- * bch2_btree_iter_peek: returns first key greater than or equal to iterator's
- * current position
- */
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter)
+noinline __cold
+void bch2_dump_trans_updates(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       int ret;
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+       bch2_trans_updates_to_text(&buf, trans);
+       bch_err(trans->c, "%s", buf.buf);
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
+}
 
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE &&
-           !bkey_deleted(&iter->k))
-               return btree_iter_peek_uptodate(iter);
+noinline __cold
+void bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       struct btree_path *path;
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+       unsigned idx;
 
-       while (1) {
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, idx) {
+               printbuf_reset(&buf);
 
-               k = __btree_iter_peek(iter, l);
-               if (likely(k.k))
-                       break;
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, path->pos);
 
-               if (!btree_iter_set_pos_to_next_leaf(iter))
-                       return bkey_s_c_null;
+               printk(KERN_ERR "path: idx %u ref %u:%u%s%s btree=%s l=%u pos %s locks %u %pS\n",
+                      path->idx, path->ref, path->intent_ref,
+                      path->should_be_locked ? " S" : "",
+                      path->preserve ? " P" : "",
+                      bch2_btree_ids[path->btree_id],
+                      path->level,
+                      buf.buf,
+                      path->nodes_locked,
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+                      (void *) path->ip_allocated
+#else
+                      NULL
+#endif
+                      );
        }
 
-       /*
-        * iter->pos should always be equal to the key we just
-        * returned - except extents can straddle iter->pos:
-        */
-       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) ||
-           bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0)
-               iter->pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
 
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, 0);
-       return k;
+       bch2_dump_trans_updates(trans);
 }
 
-/**
- * bch2_btree_iter_next: returns first key greater than iterator's current
- * position
- */
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static struct btree_path *btree_path_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                          struct btree_path *pos)
 {
-       if (unlikely(!bkey_cmp(iter->k.p, POS_MAX)))
-               return bkey_s_c_null;
+       struct btree_path *path;
+       unsigned idx;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter,
-               btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->k.p));
+       if (unlikely(trans->paths_allocated ==
+                    ~((~0ULL << 1) << (BTREE_ITER_MAX - 1)))) {
+               bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(trans);
+               panic("trans path oveflow\n");
+       }
 
-       return bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+       idx = __ffs64(~trans->paths_allocated);
+       trans->paths_allocated |= 1ULL << idx;
+
+       path = &trans->paths[idx];
+
+       path->idx               = idx;
+       path->ref               = 0;
+       path->intent_ref        = 0;
+       path->nodes_locked      = 0;
+       path->nodes_intent_locked = 0;
+
+       btree_path_list_add(trans, pos, path);
+       return path;
 }
 
-static struct bkey_s_c __btree_trans_updates_peek(struct btree_iter *iter)
+struct btree_path *bch2_path_get(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                enum btree_id btree_id, struct bpos pos,
+                                unsigned locks_want, unsigned level,
+                                unsigned flags, unsigned long ip)
 {
-       struct bpos pos = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
-       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
-       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
+       struct btree_path *path, *path_pos = NULL;
+       bool cached = flags & BTREE_ITER_CACHED;
+       bool intent = flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT;
+       int i;
+
+       BUG_ON(trans->restarted);
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+       bch2_trans_verify_locks(trans);
 
-       trans_for_each_update2(trans, i)
-               if ((cmp_int(iter->btree_id,    i->iter->btree_id) ?:
-                    bkey_cmp(pos,              i->k->k.p)) <= 0)
+       trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, i) {
+               if (__btree_path_cmp(path,
+                                    btree_id,
+                                    cached,
+                                    pos,
+                                    level) > 0)
                        break;
 
-       return i < trans->updates2 + trans->nr_updates2 &&
-               iter->btree_id == i->iter->btree_id
-               ? bkey_i_to_s_c(i->k)
-               : bkey_s_c_null;
-}
+               path_pos = path;
+       }
 
-static struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek_with_updates(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c k = __btree_iter_peek(iter, l);
-       struct bkey_s_c u = __btree_trans_updates_peek(iter);
+       if (path_pos &&
+           path_pos->cached    == cached &&
+           path_pos->btree_id  == btree_id &&
+           path_pos->level     == level) {
+               __btree_path_get(path_pos, intent);
+               path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, path_pos, pos, intent, ip);
+       } else {
+               path = btree_path_alloc(trans, path_pos);
+               path_pos = NULL;
+
+               __btree_path_get(path, intent);
+               path->pos                       = pos;
+               path->btree_id                  = btree_id;
+               path->cached                    = cached;
+               path->uptodate                  = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
+               path->should_be_locked          = false;
+               path->level                     = level;
+               path->locks_want                = locks_want;
+               path->nodes_locked              = 0;
+               path->nodes_intent_locked       = 0;
+               for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(path->l); i++)
+                       path->l[i].b            = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_INIT;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+               path->ip_allocated              = ip;
+#endif
+               btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+       }
+
+       if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_NOPRESERVE))
+               path->preserve = true;
+
+       if (path->intent_ref)
+               locks_want = max(locks_want, level + 1);
+
+       /*
+        * If the path has locks_want greater than requested, we don't downgrade
+        * it here - on transaction restart because btree node split needs to
+        * upgrade locks, we might be putting/getting the iterator again.
+        * Downgrading iterators only happens via bch2_trans_downgrade(), after
+        * a successful transaction commit.
+        */
 
-       if (k.k && (!u.k || bkey_cmp(k.k->p, u.k->p) < 0))
-               return k;
-       if (u.k && bkey_cmp(u.k->p, l->b->key.k.p) <= 0) {
-               iter->k = *u.k;
-               return u;
+       locks_want = min(locks_want, BTREE_MAX_DEPTH);
+       if (locks_want > path->locks_want) {
+               path->locks_want = locks_want;
+               btree_path_get_locks(trans, path, true);
        }
-       return bkey_s_c_null;
+
+       return path;
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_with_updates(struct btree_iter *iter)
+inline struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(struct btree_path *path, struct bkey *u)
 {
+
        struct bkey_s_c k;
-       int ret;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+       if (!path->cached) {
+               struct btree_path_level *l = path_l(path);
+               struct bkey_packed *_k;
 
-       while (1) {
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+               EBUG_ON(path->uptodate != BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE);
 
-               k = __bch2_btree_iter_peek_with_updates(iter);
+               _k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
+               k = _k ? bkey_disassemble(l->b, _k, u) : bkey_s_c_null;
 
-               if (k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k)) {
-                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter,
-                               btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->k.p));
-                       continue;
-               }
+               EBUG_ON(k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k) && bpos_cmp(k.k->p, path->pos) == 0);
 
-               if (likely(k.k))
-                       break;
+               if (!k.k || bpos_cmp(path->pos, k.k->p))
+                       goto hole;
+       } else {
+               struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) path->l[0].b;
+
+               EBUG_ON(ck &&
+                       (path->btree_id != ck->key.btree_id ||
+                        bkey_cmp(path->pos, ck->key.pos)));
 
-               if (!btree_iter_set_pos_to_next_leaf(iter))
+               /* BTREE_ITER_CACHED_NOFILL|BTREE_ITER_CACHED_NOCREATE? */
+               if (unlikely(!ck || !ck->valid))
                        return bkey_s_c_null;
-       }
 
-       /*
-        * iter->pos should always be equal to the key we just
-        * returned - except extents can straddle iter->pos:
-        */
-       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) ||
-           bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0)
-               iter->pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
+               EBUG_ON(path->uptodate != BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE);
+
+               *u = ck->k->k;
+               k = bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k);
+       }
 
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
        return k;
+hole:
+       bkey_init(u);
+       u->p = path->pos;
+       return (struct bkey_s_c) { u, NULL };
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next_with_updates(struct btree_iter *iter)
+/* Btree iterators: */
+
+int __must_check
+__bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       if (unlikely(!bkey_cmp(iter->k.p, POS_MAX)))
-               return bkey_s_c_null;
+       return bch2_btree_path_traverse(iter->trans, iter->path, iter->flags);
+}
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter,
-               btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->k.p));
-
-       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_with_updates(iter);
-}
-
-/**
- * bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev: returns first key less than or equal to
- * iterator's current position
- */
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
+int __must_check
+bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct bpos pos = iter->pos;
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
        int ret;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+       iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(iter->trans, iter->path,
+                                       btree_iter_search_key(iter),
+                                       iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                       btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
 
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE &&
-           !bkey_deleted(&iter->k))
-               return btree_iter_peek_uptodate(iter);
+       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(iter->trans, iter->path, iter->flags);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       while (1) {
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
+       return 0;
+}
 
-               k = __btree_iter_peek(iter, l);
-               if (!k.k || bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), pos) > 0)
-                       k = __btree_iter_prev(iter, l);
+/* Iterate across nodes (leaf and interior nodes) */
 
-               if (likely(k.k))
-                       break;
+struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct btree *b = NULL;
+       int ret;
 
-               if (!btree_iter_set_pos_to_prev_leaf(iter))
-                       return bkey_s_c_null;
-       }
+       EBUG_ON(iter->path->cached);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), pos) > 0);
-       iter->pos       = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
-       iter->uptodate  = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-       return k;
-}
+       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->path, iter->flags);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
-/**
- * bch2_btree_iter_prev: returns first key less than iterator's current
- * position
- */
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       struct bpos pos = bkey_start_pos(&iter->k);
+       b = btree_path_node(iter->path, iter->path->level);
+       if (!b)
+               goto out;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+       BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(b->key.k.p, iter->pos) < 0);
 
-       if (unlikely(!bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MIN)))
-               return bkey_s_c_null;
+       bkey_init(&iter->k);
+       iter->k.p = iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, bkey_predecessor(pos));
+       iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->path, b->key.k.p,
+                                       iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                       btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
+       iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
+       BUG_ON(iter->path->uptodate);
+out:
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(iter);
+       return b;
+err:
+       b = ERR_PTR(ret);
+       goto out;
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c
-__bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot_extents(struct btree_iter *iter)
+struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct btree_node_iter node_iter;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct bkey n;
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct btree_path *path = iter->path;
+       struct btree *b = NULL;
+       unsigned l;
        int ret;
 
-       /* keys & holes can't span inode numbers: */
-       if (iter->pos.offset == KEY_OFFSET_MAX) {
-               if (iter->pos.inode == KEY_INODE_MAX)
-                       return bkey_s_c_null;
+       BUG_ON(trans->restarted);
+       EBUG_ON(iter->path->cached);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, bkey_successor(iter->pos));
+       /* already at end? */
+       if (!btree_path_node(path, path->level))
+               return NULL;
 
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       /* got to end? */
+       if (!btree_path_node(path, path->level + 1)) {
+               btree_node_unlock(path, path->level);
+               path->l[path->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
+               path->level++;
+               btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+               return NULL;
        }
 
-       /*
-        * iterator is now at the correct position for inserting at iter->pos,
-        * but we need to keep iterating until we find the first non whiteout so
-        * we know how big a hole we have, if any:
-        */
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(trans, path, path->level + 1)) {
+               __bch2_btree_path_unlock(path);
+               path->l[path->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_GET_LOCKS;
+               path->l[path->level + 1].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_GET_LOCKS;
+               btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+               trace_trans_restart_relock_next_node(trans->fn, _THIS_IP_,
+                                          path->btree_id, &path->pos);
+               btree_trans_restart(trans);
+               ret = -EINTR;
+               goto err;
+       }
 
-       node_iter = l->iter;
-       k = __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&node_iter, l->b));
+       b = btree_path_node(path, path->level + 1);
 
-       if (k.k && bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) <= 0) {
+       if (!bpos_cmp(iter->pos, b->key.k.p)) {
+               btree_node_unlock(path, path->level);
+               path->l[path->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
+               path->level++;
+       } else {
                /*
-                * We're not setting iter->uptodate because the node iterator
-                * doesn't necessarily point at the key we're returning:
+                * Haven't gotten to the end of the parent node: go back down to
+                * the next child node
                 */
+               path = iter->path =
+                       bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, path, bpos_successor(iter->pos),
+                                          iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                          btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
 
-               EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) <= 0);
-               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, 0);
-               return k;
-       }
+               path->level = iter->min_depth;
+
+               for (l = path->level + 1; l < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; l++)
+                       if (btree_lock_want(path, l) == BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED)
+                               btree_node_unlock(path, l);
 
-       /* hole */
+               btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+               bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-       if (!k.k)
-               k.k = &l->b->key.k;
+               ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, path, iter->flags);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto err;
 
-       bkey_init(&n);
-       n.p = iter->pos;
-       bch2_key_resize(&n,
-                       min_t(u64, KEY_SIZE_MAX,
-                             (k.k->p.inode == n.p.inode
-                              ? bkey_start_offset(k.k)
-                              : KEY_OFFSET_MAX) -
-                             n.p.offset));
+               b = path->l[path->level].b;
+       }
 
-       EBUG_ON(!n.size);
+       bkey_init(&iter->k);
+       iter->k.p = iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
 
-       iter->k = n;
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+       iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->path, b->key.k.p,
+                                       iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                       btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
+       iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
+       BUG_ON(iter->path->uptodate);
+out:
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, 0);
-       return (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
+       return b;
+err:
+       b = ERR_PTR(ret);
+       goto out;
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
+/* Iterate across keys (in leaf nodes only) */
+
+inline bool bch2_btree_iter_advance(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       int ret;
+       struct bpos pos = iter->k.p;
+       bool ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS
+                   ? bpos_cmp(pos, SPOS_MAX)
+                   : bkey_cmp(pos, SPOS_MAX)) != 0;
+
+       if (ret && !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
+               pos = bkey_successor(iter, pos);
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+inline bool bch2_btree_iter_rewind(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct bpos pos = bkey_start_pos(&iter->k);
+       bool ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS
+                   ? bpos_cmp(pos, POS_MIN)
+                   : bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MIN)) != 0;
 
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)
-               return btree_iter_peek_uptodate(iter);
+       if (ret && !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
+               pos = bkey_predecessor(iter, pos);
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-       if (unlikely(ret))
-               return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+static inline struct bkey_i *btree_trans_peek_updates(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                                     enum btree_id btree_id,
+                                                     struct bpos pos)
+{
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
 
-       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
-               return __bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot_extents(iter);
+       trans_for_each_update(trans, i)
+               if ((cmp_int(btree_id,  i->btree_id) ?:
+                    bpos_cmp(pos,      i->k->k.p)) <= 0) {
+                       if (btree_id == i->btree_id)
+                               return i->k;
+                       break;
+               }
 
-       k = __btree_iter_peek_all(iter, l, &iter->k);
+       return NULL;
+}
 
-       EBUG_ON(k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k) && bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) == 0);
+static noinline
+struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_journal(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                        struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                        struct bkey_s_c k)
+{
+       struct bkey_i *next_journal =
+               bch2_journal_keys_peek(trans->c, iter->btree_id, 0,
+                                      iter->path->pos);
 
-       if (!k.k || bkey_cmp(iter->pos, k.k->p)) {
-               /* hole */
-               bkey_init(&iter->k);
-               iter->k.p = iter->pos;
-               k = (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
+       if (next_journal &&
+           bpos_cmp(next_journal->k.p,
+                    k.k ? k.k->p : iter->path->l[0].b->key.k.p) <= 0) {
+               iter->k = next_journal->k;
+               k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_journal);
        }
 
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-       bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, 0);
        return k;
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
+/*
+ * Checks btree key cache for key at iter->pos and returns it if present, or
+ * bkey_s_c_null:
+ */
+static noinline
+struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_key_cache(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos pos)
 {
-       if (unlikely(!bkey_cmp(iter->k.p, POS_MAX)))
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey u;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (!bch2_btree_key_cache_find(c, iter->btree_id, pos))
                return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter,
-               btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->k.p));
+       if (!iter->key_cache_path)
+               iter->key_cache_path = bch2_path_get(trans, iter->btree_id, pos,
+                                                    iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT, 0,
+                                                    iter->flags|BTREE_ITER_CACHED,
+                                                    _THIS_IP_);
 
-       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+       iter->key_cache_path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->key_cache_path, pos,
+                                       iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                       btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
+
+       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->key_cache_path, iter->flags|BTREE_ITER_CACHED);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+
+       iter->key_cache_path->should_be_locked = true;
+
+       return bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(iter->key_cache_path, &u);
 }
 
-static inline void bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct btree_iter *iter, enum btree_id btree_id,
-                       struct bpos pos, unsigned flags)
+static struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos search_key)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       unsigned i;
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct bkey_i *next_update;
+       struct bkey_s_c k, k2;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_id) &&
-           !(flags & BTREE_ITER_NODES))
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
+       EBUG_ON(iter->path->cached || iter->path->level);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-       iter->trans                     = trans;
-       iter->pos                       = pos;
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p                       = pos;
-       iter->flags                     = flags;
-       iter->uptodate                  = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
-       iter->btree_id                  = btree_id;
-       iter->level                     = 0;
-       iter->min_depth                 = 0;
-       iter->locks_want                = flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT ? 1 : 0;
-       iter->nodes_locked              = 0;
-       iter->nodes_intent_locked       = 0;
-       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(iter->l); i++)
-               iter->l[i].b            = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_INIT;
+       while (1) {
+               iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->path, search_key,
+                                       iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                       btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
 
-       prefetch(c->btree_roots[btree_id].b);
-}
+               ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->path, iter->flags);
+               if (unlikely(ret)) {
+                       /* ensure that iter->k is consistent with iter->pos: */
+                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, iter->pos);
+                       k = bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+                       goto out;
+               }
 
-/* new transactional stuff: */
+               iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
 
-static inline void __bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                         unsigned idx)
-{
-       __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&trans->iters[idx]);
-       trans->iters_linked             &= ~(1ULL << idx);
-       trans->iters_live               &= ~(1ULL << idx);
-       trans->iters_touched            &= ~(1ULL << idx);
+               k = btree_path_level_peek_all(trans->c, &iter->path->l[0], &iter->k);
+
+               if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE) &&
+                   k.k &&
+                   (k2 = btree_trans_peek_key_cache(iter, k.k->p)).k) {
+                       ret = bkey_err(k2);
+                       if (ret) {
+                               k = k2;
+                               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, iter->pos);
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+
+                       k = k2;
+                       iter->k = *k.k;
+               }
+
+               if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL))
+                       k = btree_trans_peek_journal(trans, iter, k);
+
+               next_update = iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES
+                       ? btree_trans_peek_updates(trans, iter->btree_id, search_key)
+                       : NULL;
+               if (next_update &&
+                   bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p,
+                            k.k ? k.k->p : iter->path->l[0].b->key.k.p) <= 0) {
+                       iter->k = next_update->k;
+                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
+               }
+
+               if (k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k)) {
+                       /*
+                        * If we've got a whiteout, and it's after the search
+                        * key, advance the search key to the whiteout instead
+                        * of just after the whiteout - it might be a btree
+                        * whiteout, with a real key at the same position, since
+                        * in the btree deleted keys sort before non deleted.
+                        */
+                       search_key = bpos_cmp(search_key, k.k->p)
+                               ? k.k->p
+                               : bpos_successor(k.k->p);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (likely(k.k)) {
+                       break;
+               } else if (likely(bpos_cmp(iter->path->l[0].b->key.k.p, SPOS_MAX))) {
+                       /* Advance to next leaf node: */
+                       search_key = bpos_successor(iter->path->l[0].b->key.k.p);
+               } else {
+                       /* End of btree: */
+                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, SPOS_MAX);
+                       k = bkey_s_c_null;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+       }
+out:
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+
+       return k;
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct btree_iter *iter)
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_peek: returns first key greater than or equal to iterator's
+ * current position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos end)
 {
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct bpos search_key = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       struct bpos iter_pos;
        int ret;
 
-       if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(iter))
-               return 0;
+       if (iter->update_path) {
+               bch2_path_put(trans, iter->update_path,
+                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+               iter->update_path = NULL;
+       }
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+
+       while (1) {
+               k = __bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter, search_key);
+               if (!k.k || bkey_err(k))
+                       goto out;
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->iters + iter->idx != iter);
+               /*
+                * iter->pos should be mononotically increasing, and always be
+                * equal to the key we just returned - except extents can
+                * straddle iter->pos:
+                */
+               if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
+                       iter_pos = k.k->p;
+               else if (bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0)
+                       iter_pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
+               else
+                       iter_pos = iter->pos;
+
+               if (bkey_cmp(iter_pos, end) > 0) {
+                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, end);
+                       k = bkey_s_c_null;
+                       goto out;
+               }
 
-       ret = btree_iter_err(iter);
+               if (iter->update_path &&
+                   bkey_cmp(iter->update_path->pos, k.k->p)) {
+                       bch2_path_put(trans, iter->update_path,
+                                     iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+                       iter->update_path = NULL;
+               }
 
-       if (!(trans->iters_touched & (1ULL << iter->idx)) &&
-           !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT))
-               __bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter->idx);
+               if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+                   (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT) &&
+                   !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+                   !iter->update_path) {
+                       struct bpos pos = k.k->p;
 
-       trans->iters_live       &= ~(1ULL << iter->idx);
-       return ret;
+                       if (pos.snapshot < iter->snapshot) {
+                               search_key = bpos_successor(k.k->p);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       pos.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+
+                       /*
+                        * advance, same as on exit for iter->path, but only up
+                        * to snapshot
+                        */
+                       __btree_path_get(iter->path, iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+                       iter->update_path = iter->path;
+
+                       iter->update_path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans,
+                                               iter->update_path, pos,
+                                               iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                               _THIS_IP_);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * We can never have a key in a leaf node at POS_MAX, so
+                * we don't have to check these successor() calls:
+                */
+               if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+                   !bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(trans->c,
+                                              iter->snapshot,
+                                              k.k->p.snapshot)) {
+                       search_key = bpos_successor(k.k->p);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (bkey_whiteout(k.k) &&
+                   !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS)) {
+                       search_key = bkey_successor(iter, k.k->p);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               break;
+       }
+
+       iter->pos = iter_pos;
+
+       iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->path, k.k->p,
+                               iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                               btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
+       BUG_ON(!iter->path->nodes_locked);
+out:
+       if (iter->update_path) {
+               if (iter->update_path->uptodate &&
+                   !bch2_btree_path_relock(trans, iter->update_path, _THIS_IP_)) {
+                       k = bkey_s_c_err(-EINTR);
+               } else {
+                       BUG_ON(!(iter->update_path->nodes_locked & 1));
+                       iter->update_path->should_be_locked = true;
+               }
+       }
+       iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
+
+       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS))
+               iter->pos.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+
+       ret = bch2_btree_iter_verify_ret(iter, k);
+       if (unlikely(ret)) {
+               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, iter->pos);
+               k = bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       }
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+
+       return k;
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                        struct btree_iter *iter)
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_next: returns first key greater than iterator's current
+ * position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(iter))
-               return 0;
-
-       trans->iters_touched &= ~(1ULL << iter->idx);
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_advance(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       return bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_realloc_iters(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                   unsigned new_size)
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev: returns first key less than or equal to
+ * iterator's current position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       void *p, *new_iters, *new_updates, *new_updates2;
-       size_t iters_bytes;
-       size_t updates_bytes;
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct bpos search_key = iter->pos;
+       struct btree_path *saved_path = NULL;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       struct bkey saved_k;
+       const struct bch_val *saved_v;
+       int ret;
 
-       new_size = roundup_pow_of_two(new_size);
+       EBUG_ON(iter->path->cached || iter->path->level);
+       EBUG_ON(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES);
 
-       BUG_ON(new_size > BTREE_ITER_MAX);
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL)
+               return bkey_s_c_err(-EIO);
 
-       if (new_size <= trans->size)
-               return 0;
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->used_mempool);
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS)
+               search_key.snapshot = U32_MAX;
 
-       bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+       while (1) {
+               iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->path, search_key,
+                                               iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                               btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
 
-       iters_bytes     = sizeof(struct btree_iter) * new_size;
-       updates_bytes   = sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * new_size;
+               ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->path, iter->flags);
+               if (unlikely(ret)) {
+                       /* ensure that iter->k is consistent with iter->pos: */
+                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, iter->pos);
+                       k = bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+                       goto out;
+               }
 
-       p = kmalloc(iters_bytes +
-                   updates_bytes +
-                   updates_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
-       if (p)
-               goto success;
+               k = btree_path_level_peek(trans->c, iter->path,
+                                         &iter->path->l[0], &iter->k);
+               if (!k.k ||
+                   ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
+                    ? bpos_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), search_key) >= 0
+                    : bpos_cmp(k.k->p, search_key) > 0))
+                       k = btree_path_level_prev(trans->c, iter->path,
+                                                 &iter->path->l[0], &iter->k);
+
+               bch2_btree_path_check_sort(trans, iter->path, 0);
+
+               if (likely(k.k)) {
+                       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS) {
+                               if (k.k->p.snapshot == iter->snapshot)
+                                       goto got_key;
+
+                               /*
+                                * If we have a saved candidate, and we're no
+                                * longer at the same _key_ (not pos), return
+                                * that candidate
+                                */
+                               if (saved_path && bkey_cmp(k.k->p, saved_k.p)) {
+                                       bch2_path_put(trans, iter->path,
+                                                     iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+                                       iter->path = saved_path;
+                                       saved_path = NULL;
+                                       iter->k = saved_k;
+                                       k.v     = saved_v;
+                                       goto got_key;
+                               }
 
-       p = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_iters_pool, GFP_NOFS);
-       new_size = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+                               if (bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(iter->trans->c,
+                                                             iter->snapshot,
+                                                             k.k->p.snapshot)) {
+                                       if (saved_path)
+                                               bch2_path_put(trans, saved_path,
+                                                     iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+                                       saved_path = btree_path_clone(trans, iter->path,
+                                                               iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+                                       saved_k = *k.k;
+                                       saved_v = k.v;
+                               }
 
-       trans->used_mempool = true;
-success:
-       new_iters       = p; p += iters_bytes;
-       new_updates     = p; p += updates_bytes;
-       new_updates2    = p; p += updates_bytes;
-
-       memcpy(new_iters, trans->iters,
-              sizeof(struct btree_iter) * trans->nr_iters);
-       memcpy(new_updates, trans->updates,
-              sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * trans->nr_updates);
-       memcpy(new_updates2, trans->updates2,
-              sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * trans->nr_updates2);
-
-       if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG))
-               memset(trans->iters, POISON_FREE,
-                      sizeof(struct btree_iter) * trans->nr_iters +
-                      sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * trans->nr_iters);
-
-       if (trans->iters != trans->iters_onstack)
-               kfree(trans->iters);
-
-       trans->iters            = new_iters;
-       trans->updates          = new_updates;
-       trans->updates2         = new_updates2;
-       trans->size             = new_size;
-
-       if (trans->iters_live) {
-               trace_trans_restart_iters_realloced(trans->ip, trans->size);
-               return -EINTR;
+                               search_key = bpos_predecessor(k.k->p);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+got_key:
+                       if (bkey_whiteout(k.k) &&
+                           !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS)) {
+                               search_key = bkey_predecessor(iter, k.k->p);
+                               if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS)
+                                       search_key.snapshot = U32_MAX;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       break;
+               } else if (likely(bpos_cmp(iter->path->l[0].b->data->min_key, POS_MIN))) {
+                       /* Advance to previous leaf node: */
+                       search_key = bpos_predecessor(iter->path->l[0].b->data->min_key);
+               } else {
+                       /* Start of btree: */
+                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, POS_MIN);
+                       k = bkey_s_c_null;
+                       goto out;
+               }
        }
 
-       return 0;
+       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0);
+
+       /* Extents can straddle iter->pos: */
+       if (bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) < 0)
+               iter->pos = k.k->p;
+
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS)
+               iter->pos.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+out:
+       if (saved_path)
+               bch2_path_put(trans, saved_path, iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+
+       return k;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_prev: returns first key less than iterator's current
+ * position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_rewind(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
+
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(iter);
 }
 
-static struct btree_iter *btree_trans_iter_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans)
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       unsigned idx = __ffs64(~trans->iters_linked);
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct bpos search_key;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       int ret;
+
+       EBUG_ON(iter->path->level);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+
+       /* extents can't span inode numbers: */
+       if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+           unlikely(iter->pos.offset == KEY_OFFSET_MAX)) {
+               if (iter->pos.inode == KEY_INODE_MAX)
+                       return bkey_s_c_null;
+
+               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, bpos_nosnap_successor(iter->pos));
+       }
+
+       search_key = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
+       iter->path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->path, search_key,
+                                       iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
+                                       btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
+
+       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->path, iter->flags);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+
+       if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_CACHED) ||
+           !(iter->flags & (BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS|BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS))) {
+               struct bkey_i *next_update;
+
+               if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES) &&
+                   (next_update = btree_trans_peek_updates(trans,
+                                               iter->btree_id, search_key)) &&
+                   !bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p, iter->pos)) {
+                       iter->k = next_update->k;
+                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
+                       goto out;
+               }
+
+               if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL) &&
+                   (next_update = bch2_journal_keys_peek(trans->c, iter->btree_id,
+                                                         0, iter->pos)) &&
+                   !bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p, iter->pos)) {
+                       iter->k = next_update->k;
+                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
+                       goto out;
+               }
+
+               if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE) &&
+                   (k = btree_trans_peek_key_cache(iter, iter->pos)).k) {
+                       if (!bkey_err(k))
+                               iter->k = *k.k;
+                       goto out;
+               }
 
-       if (idx < trans->nr_iters)
-               goto got_slot;
+               k = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(iter->path, &iter->k);
+       } else {
+               struct bpos next;
+
+               if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT) {
+                       struct btree_iter iter2;
+                       struct bpos end = iter->pos;
 
-       if (trans->nr_iters == trans->size) {
-               int ret;
+                       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
+                               end.offset = U64_MAX;
 
-               if (trans->nr_iters >= BTREE_ITER_MAX) {
-                       struct btree_iter *iter;
+                       bch2_trans_copy_iter(&iter2, iter);
+                       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(&iter2, end);
 
-                       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter) {
-                               pr_err("iter: btree %s pos %llu:%llu%s%s%s",
-                                      bch2_btree_ids[iter->btree_id],
-                                      iter->pos.inode,
-                                      iter->pos.offset,
-                                      (trans->iters_live & (1ULL << iter->idx)) ? " live" : "",
-                                      (trans->iters_touched & (1ULL << iter->idx)) ? " touched" : "",
-                                      iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT ? " keep" : "");
+                       if (k.k && !bkey_err(k)) {
+                               iter->k = iter2.k;
+                               k.k = &iter->k;
                        }
+                       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter2);
+               } else {
+                       struct bpos pos = iter->pos;
 
-                       panic("trans iter oveflow\n");
+                       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+                       iter->pos = pos;
                }
 
-               ret = bch2_trans_realloc_iters(trans, trans->size * 2);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ERR_PTR(ret);
+               if (unlikely(bkey_err(k)))
+                       return k;
+
+               next = k.k ? bkey_start_pos(k.k) : POS_MAX;
+
+               if (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, next) < 0) {
+                       bkey_init(&iter->k);
+                       iter->k.p = iter->pos;
+
+                       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) {
+                               bch2_key_resize(&iter->k,
+                                               min_t(u64, KEY_SIZE_MAX,
+                                                     (next.inode == iter->pos.inode
+                                                      ? next.offset
+                                                      : KEY_OFFSET_MAX) -
+                                                     iter->pos.offset));
+                               EBUG_ON(!iter->k.size);
+                       }
+
+                       k = (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
+               }
        }
+out:
+       iter->path->should_be_locked = true;
 
-       idx = trans->nr_iters++;
-       BUG_ON(trans->nr_iters > trans->size);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       ret = bch2_btree_iter_verify_ret(iter, k);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
 
-       trans->iters[idx].idx = idx;
-got_slot:
-       BUG_ON(trans->iters_linked & (1ULL << idx));
-       trans->iters_linked |= 1ULL << idx;
-       trans->iters[idx].flags = 0;
-       return &trans->iters[idx];
+       return k;
 }
 
-static inline void btree_iter_copy(struct btree_iter *dst,
-                                  struct btree_iter *src)
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       unsigned i, idx = dst->idx;
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_advance(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       *dst = *src;
-       dst->idx = idx;
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+}
 
-       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
-               if (btree_node_locked(dst, i))
-                       six_lock_increment(&dst->l[i].b->lock,
-                                          __btree_lock_want(dst, i));
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_rewind(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       dst->flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT;
-       dst->flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_SET_POS_AFTER_COMMIT;
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
 }
 
-static inline struct bpos bpos_diff(struct bpos l, struct bpos r)
-{
-       if (bkey_cmp(l, r) > 0)
-               swap(l, r);
+/* new transactional stuff: */
 
-       return POS(r.inode - l.inode, r.offset - l.offset);
+static inline void btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                               struct btree_path *path)
+{
+       EBUG_ON(path->sorted_idx >= trans->nr_sorted);
+       EBUG_ON(trans->sorted[path->sorted_idx] != path->idx);
+       EBUG_ON(!(trans->paths_allocated & (1ULL << path->idx)));
 }
 
-static struct btree_iter *__btree_trans_get_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                                unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
-                                                unsigned flags)
+static inline void btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter, *best = NULL;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       unsigned i;
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->nr_iters > BTREE_ITER_MAX);
+       for (i = 0; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++)
+               btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(trans, trans->paths + trans->sorted[i]);
+#endif
+}
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter) {
-               if (btree_iter_type(iter) != (flags & BTREE_ITER_TYPE))
-                       continue;
+static void btree_trans_verify_sorted(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       struct btree_path *path, *prev = NULL;
+       unsigned i;
 
-               if (iter->btree_id != btree_id)
-                       continue;
+       trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, i) {
+               if (prev && btree_path_cmp(prev, path) > 0) {
+                       bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(trans);
+                       panic("trans paths out of order!\n");
+               }
+               prev = path;
+       }
+#endif
+}
 
-               if (best &&
-                   bkey_cmp(bpos_diff(best->pos, pos),
-                            bpos_diff(iter->pos, pos)) < 0)
-                       continue;
+static inline void btree_path_swap(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                  struct btree_path *l, struct btree_path *r)
+{
+       swap(l->sorted_idx, r->sorted_idx);
+       swap(trans->sorted[l->sorted_idx],
+            trans->sorted[r->sorted_idx]);
 
-               best = iter;
-       }
+       btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(trans, l);
+       btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(trans, r);
+}
 
-       if (!best) {
-               iter = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
-               if (IS_ERR(iter))
-                       return iter;
+inline void bch2_btree_path_check_sort(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
+                                      int cmp)
+{
+       struct btree_path *n;
 
-               bch2_btree_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id, pos, flags);
-       } else if ((trans->iters_live & (1ULL << best->idx)) ||
-                  (best->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT)) {
-               iter = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
-               if (IS_ERR(iter))
-                       return iter;
+       if (cmp <= 0) {
+               n = prev_btree_path(trans, path);
+               if (n && btree_path_cmp(n, path) > 0) {
+                       do {
+                               btree_path_swap(trans, n, path);
+                               n = prev_btree_path(trans, path);
+                       } while (n && btree_path_cmp(n, path) > 0);
 
-               btree_iter_copy(iter, best);
-       } else {
-               iter = best;
+                       goto out;
+               }
        }
 
-       iter->flags &= ~(BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|BTREE_ITER_INTENT|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
-       iter->flags |= flags & (BTREE_ITER_SLOTS|BTREE_ITER_INTENT|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
+       if (cmp >= 0) {
+               n = next_btree_path(trans, path);
+               if (n && btree_path_cmp(path, n) > 0) {
+                       do {
+                               btree_path_swap(trans, path, n);
+                               n = next_btree_path(trans, path);
+                       } while (n && btree_path_cmp(path, n) > 0);
+               }
+       }
+out:
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+}
 
-       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT)
-               bch2_btree_iter_upgrade(iter, 1);
-       else
-               bch2_btree_iter_downgrade(iter);
+static inline void btree_path_list_remove(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                         struct btree_path *path)
+{
+       unsigned i;
 
-       BUG_ON(iter->btree_id != btree_id);
-       BUG_ON((iter->flags ^ flags) & BTREE_ITER_TYPE);
-       BUG_ON(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT);
-       BUG_ON(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_SET_POS_AFTER_COMMIT);
-       BUG_ON(trans->iters_live & (1ULL << iter->idx));
+       EBUG_ON(path->sorted_idx >= trans->nr_sorted);
 
-       trans->iters_live       |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
-       trans->iters_touched    |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
+       array_remove_item(trans->sorted, trans->nr_sorted, path->sorted_idx);
 
-       return iter;
-}
+       for (i = path->sorted_idx; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++)
+               trans->paths[trans->sorted[i]].sorted_idx = i;
 
-struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_get_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                      enum btree_id btree_id,
-                                      struct bpos pos, unsigned flags)
-{
-       struct btree_iter *iter =
-               __btree_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos, flags);
+       path->sorted_idx = U8_MAX;
 
-       if (!IS_ERR(iter))
-               __bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos,
-                       btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_id));
-       return iter;
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(trans);
 }
 
-struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_get_node_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                           enum btree_id btree_id,
-                                           struct bpos pos,
-                                           unsigned locks_want,
-                                           unsigned depth,
-                                           unsigned flags)
+static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                      struct btree_path *pos,
+                                      struct btree_path *path)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter =
-               __btree_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos,
-                                      flags|BTREE_ITER_NODES);
        unsigned i;
 
-       BUG_ON(IS_ERR(iter));
-       BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(iter->pos, pos));
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(trans);
 
-       iter->locks_want = locks_want;
-       iter->level     = depth;
-       iter->min_depth = depth;
+       path->sorted_idx = pos ? pos->sorted_idx + 1 : 0;
+
+       if (trans->in_traverse_all &&
+           trans->traverse_all_idx != U8_MAX &&
+           trans->traverse_all_idx >= path->sorted_idx)
+               trans->traverse_all_idx++;
+
+       array_insert_item(trans->sorted, trans->nr_sorted, path->sorted_idx, path->idx);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(iter->l); i++)
-               iter->l[i].b            = NULL;
-       iter->l[iter->level].b          = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_INIT;
+       for (i = path->sorted_idx; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++)
+               trans->paths[trans->sorted[i]].sorted_idx = i;
 
-       return iter;
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(trans);
 }
 
-struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_copy_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                       struct btree_iter *src)
+void bch2_trans_iter_exit(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       if (iter->path)
+               bch2_path_put(trans, iter->path,
+                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       if (iter->update_path)
+               bch2_path_put(trans, iter->update_path,
+                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       if (iter->key_cache_path)
+               bch2_path_put(trans, iter->key_cache_path,
+                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       iter->path = NULL;
+       iter->update_path = NULL;
+       iter->key_cache_path = NULL;
+}
 
-       iter = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
-       if (IS_ERR(iter))
-               return iter;
+static void __bch2_trans_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                  struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                  unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
+                                  unsigned locks_want,
+                                  unsigned depth,
+                                  unsigned flags,
+                                  unsigned long ip)
+{
+       EBUG_ON(trans->restarted);
 
-       btree_iter_copy(iter, src);
+       if (!(flags & (BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS)) &&
+           btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_id))
+               flags |= BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
 
-       trans->iters_live |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
-       /*
-        * We don't need to preserve this iter since it's cheap to copy it
-        * again - this will cause trans_iter_put() to free it right away:
-        */
-       trans->iters_touched &= ~(1ULL << iter->idx);
+       if (!(flags & __BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+           !btree_type_has_snapshots(btree_id))
+               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS;
+
+       if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+           btree_type_has_snapshots(btree_id))
+               flags |= BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS;
+
+       if (!test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE, &trans->c->journal.flags))
+               flags |= BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL;
+
+       if (!btree_id_cached(trans->c, btree_id)) {
+               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_CACHED;
+               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE;
+       } else if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_CACHED))
+               flags |= BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE;
+
+       iter->trans     = trans;
+       iter->path      = NULL;
+       iter->update_path = NULL;
+       iter->key_cache_path = NULL;
+       iter->btree_id  = btree_id;
+       iter->min_depth = depth;
+       iter->flags     = flags;
+       iter->snapshot  = pos.snapshot;
+       iter->pos       = pos;
+       iter->k.type    = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
+       iter->k.p       = pos;
+       iter->k.size    = 0;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       iter->ip_allocated = ip;
+#endif
+
+       iter->path = bch2_path_get(trans, btree_id, iter->pos,
+                                  locks_want, depth, flags, ip);
+}
+
+void bch2_trans_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                         struct btree_iter *iter,
+                         unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
+                         unsigned flags)
+{
+       __bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id, pos,
+                              0, 0, flags, _RET_IP_);
+}
 
-       return iter;
+void bch2_trans_node_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                              struct btree_iter *iter,
+                              enum btree_id btree_id,
+                              struct bpos pos,
+                              unsigned locks_want,
+                              unsigned depth,
+                              unsigned flags)
+{
+       __bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id, pos, locks_want, depth,
+                              BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS|
+                              __BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|
+                              BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|
+                              flags, _RET_IP_);
+       BUG_ON(iter->path->locks_want    < min(locks_want, BTREE_MAX_DEPTH));
+       BUG_ON(iter->path->level        != depth);
+       BUG_ON(iter->min_depth          != depth);
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_preload_mem(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
+void bch2_trans_copy_iter(struct btree_iter *dst, struct btree_iter *src)
+{
+       *dst = *src;
+       if (src->path)
+               __btree_path_get(src->path, src->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       if (src->update_path)
+               __btree_path_get(src->update_path, src->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       dst->key_cache_path = NULL;
+}
+
+void *bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
 {
-       if (size > trans->mem_bytes) {
+       size_t new_top = trans->mem_top + size;
+       void *p;
+
+       if (new_top > trans->mem_bytes) {
                size_t old_bytes = trans->mem_bytes;
-               size_t new_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(size);
-               void *new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+               size_t new_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(new_top);
+               void *new_mem;
+
+               WARN_ON_ONCE(new_bytes > BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX);
+
+               new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+               if (!new_mem && new_bytes <= BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX) {
+                       new_mem = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_trans_mem_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       new_bytes = BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX;
+                       kfree(trans->mem);
+               }
 
                if (!new_mem)
-                       return -ENOMEM;
+                       return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
                trans->mem = new_mem;
                trans->mem_bytes = new_bytes;
 
                if (old_bytes) {
-                       trace_trans_restart_mem_realloced(trans->ip, new_bytes);
-                       return -EINTR;
+                       trace_trans_restart_mem_realloced(trans->fn, _RET_IP_, new_bytes);
+                       btree_trans_restart(trans);
+                       return ERR_PTR(-EINTR);
                }
        }
 
-       return 0;
+       p = trans->mem + trans->mem_top;
+       trans->mem_top += size;
+       memset(p, 0, size);
+       return p;
 }
 
-void *bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
+/**
+ * bch2_trans_begin() - reset a transaction after a interrupted attempt
+ * @trans: transaction to reset
+ *
+ * While iterating over nodes or updating nodes a attempt to lock a btree
+ * node may return EINTR when the trylock fails. When this occurs
+ * bch2_trans_begin() should be called and the transaction retried.
+ */
+void bch2_trans_begin(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       void *p;
-       int ret;
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       ret = bch2_trans_preload_mem(trans, trans->mem_top + size);
-       if (ret)
-               return ERR_PTR(ret);
+       trans_for_each_update(trans, i)
+               __btree_path_put(i->path, true);
 
-       p = trans->mem + trans->mem_top;
-       trans->mem_top += size;
-       return p;
+       memset(&trans->journal_res, 0, sizeof(trans->journal_res));
+       trans->extra_journal_res        = 0;
+       trans->nr_updates               = 0;
+       trans->mem_top                  = 0;
+
+       trans->hooks                    = NULL;
+       trans->extra_journal_entries.nr = 0;
+
+       if (trans->fs_usage_deltas) {
+               trans->fs_usage_deltas->used = 0;
+               memset(&trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start, 0,
+                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_end -
+                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start);
+       }
+
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path) {
+               path->should_be_locked = false;
+
+               /*
+                * If the transaction wasn't restarted, we're presuming to be
+                * doing something new: dont keep iterators excpt the ones that
+                * are in use - except for the subvolumes btree:
+                */
+               if (!trans->restarted && path->btree_id != BTREE_ID_subvolumes)
+                       path->preserve = false;
+
+               /*
+                * XXX: we probably shouldn't be doing this if the transaction
+                * was restarted, but currently we still overflow transaction
+                * iterators if we do that
+                */
+               if (!path->ref && !path->preserve)
+                       __bch2_path_free(trans, path);
+               else
+                       path->preserve = false;
+       }
+
+       bch2_trans_cond_resched(trans);
+
+       if (trans->restarted)
+               bch2_btree_path_traverse_all(trans);
+
+       trans->restarted = false;
 }
 
-inline void bch2_trans_unlink_iters(struct btree_trans *trans)
+static void bch2_trans_alloc_paths(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       u64 iters = trans->iters_linked &
-               ~trans->iters_touched &
-               ~trans->iters_live;
+       size_t paths_bytes      = sizeof(struct btree_path) * BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       size_t updates_bytes    = sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       void *p = NULL;
+
+       BUG_ON(trans->used_mempool);
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+       p = this_cpu_xchg(c->btree_paths_bufs->path , NULL);
+#endif
+       if (!p)
+               p = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_paths_pool, GFP_NOFS);
 
-       while (iters) {
-               unsigned idx = __ffs64(iters);
+       trans->paths            = p; p += paths_bytes;
+       trans->updates          = p; p += updates_bytes;
+}
 
-               iters &= ~(1ULL << idx);
-               __bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, idx);
+void __bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c,
+                      unsigned expected_nr_iters,
+                      size_t expected_mem_bytes,
+                      const char *fn)
+       __acquires(&c->btree_trans_barrier)
+{
+       BUG_ON(lock_class_is_held(&bch2_btree_node_lock_key));
+
+       memset(trans, 0, sizeof(*trans));
+       trans->c                = c;
+       trans->fn               = fn;
+
+       bch2_trans_alloc_paths(trans, c);
+
+       if (expected_mem_bytes) {
+               trans->mem_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(expected_mem_bytes);
+               trans->mem = kmalloc(trans->mem_bytes, GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOFAIL);
+
+               if (!unlikely(trans->mem)) {
+                       trans->mem = mempool_alloc(&c->btree_trans_mem_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       trans->mem_bytes = BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX;
+               }
        }
+
+       trans->srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+
+       trans->pid = current->pid;
+       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       list_add(&trans->list, &c->btree_trans_list);
+       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_reset(struct btree_trans *trans, unsigned flags)
+static void check_btree_paths_leaked(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               iter->flags &= ~(BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT|
-                                BTREE_ITER_SET_POS_AFTER_COMMIT);
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               if (path->ref)
+                       goto leaked;
+       return;
+leaked:
+       bch_err(c, "btree paths leaked from %s!", trans->fn);
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               if (path->ref)
+                       printk(KERN_ERR "  btree %s %pS\n",
+                              bch2_btree_ids[path->btree_id],
+                              (void *) path->ip_allocated);
+       /* Be noisy about this: */
+       bch2_fatal_error(c);
+#endif
+}
 
-       bch2_trans_unlink_iters(trans);
+void bch2_trans_exit(struct btree_trans *trans)
+       __releases(&c->btree_trans_barrier)
+{
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
 
-       trans->iters_touched &= trans->iters_live;
+       bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
 
-       trans->need_reset               = 0;
+       trans_for_each_update(trans, i)
+               __btree_path_put(i->path, true);
        trans->nr_updates               = 0;
-       trans->nr_updates2              = 0;
-       trans->mem_top                  = 0;
+
+       check_btree_paths_leaked(trans);
+
+       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       list_del(&trans->list);
+       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+
+       srcu_read_unlock(&c->btree_trans_barrier, trans->srcu_idx);
+
+       bch2_journal_preres_put(&c->journal, &trans->journal_preres);
+
+       kfree(trans->extra_journal_entries.data);
 
        if (trans->fs_usage_deltas) {
-               trans->fs_usage_deltas->used = 0;
-               memset(&trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start, 0,
-                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_end -
-                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start);
+               if (trans->fs_usage_deltas->size + sizeof(trans->fs_usage_deltas) ==
+                   REPLICAS_DELTA_LIST_MAX)
+                       mempool_free(trans->fs_usage_deltas,
+                                    &c->replicas_delta_pool);
+               else
+                       kfree(trans->fs_usage_deltas);
        }
 
-       if (!(flags & TRANS_RESET_NOTRAVERSE))
-               bch2_btree_iter_traverse_all(trans);
-}
-
-void bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c,
-                    unsigned expected_nr_iters,
-                    size_t expected_mem_bytes)
-{
-       memset(trans, 0, offsetof(struct btree_trans, iters_onstack));
+       if (trans->mem_bytes == BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX)
+               mempool_free(trans->mem, &c->btree_trans_mem_pool);
+       else
+               kfree(trans->mem);
 
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
        /*
-        * reallocating iterators currently completely breaks
-        * bch2_trans_iter_put():
+        * Userspace doesn't have a real percpu implementation:
         */
-       expected_nr_iters = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       trans->paths = this_cpu_xchg(c->btree_paths_bufs->path, trans->paths);
+#endif
 
-       trans->c                = c;
-       trans->ip               = _RET_IP_;
-       trans->size             = ARRAY_SIZE(trans->iters_onstack);
-       trans->iters            = trans->iters_onstack;
-       trans->updates          = trans->updates_onstack;
-       trans->updates2         = trans->updates2_onstack;
-       trans->fs_usage_deltas  = NULL;
+       if (trans->paths)
+               mempool_free(trans->paths, &c->btree_paths_pool);
 
-       if (expected_nr_iters > trans->size)
-               bch2_trans_realloc_iters(trans, expected_nr_iters);
+       trans->mem      = (void *) 0x1;
+       trans->paths    = (void *) 0x1;
+}
 
-       if (expected_mem_bytes)
-               bch2_trans_preload_mem(trans, expected_mem_bytes);
+static void __maybe_unused
+bch2_btree_path_node_to_text(struct printbuf *out,
+                            struct btree_bkey_cached_common *_b,
+                            bool cached)
+{
+       pr_buf(out, "    l=%u %s:",
+              _b->level, bch2_btree_ids[_b->btree_id]);
+       bch2_bpos_to_text(out, btree_node_pos(_b, cached));
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_exit(struct btree_trans *trans)
+static bool trans_has_locks(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+       struct btree_path *path;
 
-       kfree(trans->fs_usage_deltas);
-       kfree(trans->mem);
-       if (trans->used_mempool)
-               mempool_free(trans->iters, &trans->c->btree_iters_pool);
-       else if (trans->iters != trans->iters_onstack)
-               kfree(trans->iters);
-       trans->mem      = (void *) 0x1;
-       trans->iters    = (void *) 0x1;
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               if (path->nodes_locked)
+                       return true;
+       return false;
+}
+
+void bch2_btree_trans_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       struct btree_trans *trans;
+       struct btree_path *path;
+       struct btree *b;
+       static char lock_types[] = { 'r', 'i', 'w' };
+       unsigned l;
 
-       return trans->error ? -EIO : 0;
+       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       list_for_each_entry(trans, &c->btree_trans_list, list) {
+               if (!trans_has_locks(trans))
+                       continue;
+
+               pr_buf(out, "%i %s\n", trans->pid, trans->fn);
+
+               trans_for_each_path(trans, path) {
+                       if (!path->nodes_locked)
+                               continue;
+
+                       pr_buf(out, "  path %u %c l=%u %s:",
+                              path->idx,
+                              path->cached ? 'c' : 'b',
+                              path->level,
+                              bch2_btree_ids[path->btree_id]);
+                       bch2_bpos_to_text(out, path->pos);
+                       pr_buf(out, "\n");
+
+                       for (l = 0; l < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; l++) {
+                               if (btree_node_locked(path, l)) {
+                                       pr_buf(out, "    %s l=%u ",
+                                              btree_node_intent_locked(path, l) ? "i" : "r", l);
+                                       bch2_btree_path_node_to_text(out,
+                                                       (void *) path->l[l].b,
+                                                       path->cached);
+                                       pr_buf(out, "\n");
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               b = READ_ONCE(trans->locking);
+               if (b) {
+                       path = &trans->paths[trans->locking_path_idx];
+                       pr_buf(out, "  locking path %u %c l=%u %c %s:",
+                              trans->locking_path_idx,
+                              path->cached ? 'c' : 'b',
+                              trans->locking_level,
+                              lock_types[trans->locking_lock_type],
+                              bch2_btree_ids[trans->locking_btree_id]);
+                       bch2_bpos_to_text(out, trans->locking_pos);
+
+                       pr_buf(out, " node ");
+                       bch2_btree_path_node_to_text(out,
+                                       (void *) b, path->cached);
+                       pr_buf(out, "\n");
+               }
+       }
+       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
 }
 
 void bch2_fs_btree_iter_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       mempool_exit(&c->btree_iters_pool);
+       if (c->btree_trans_barrier_initialized)
+               cleanup_srcu_struct(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+       mempool_exit(&c->btree_trans_mem_pool);
+       mempool_exit(&c->btree_paths_pool);
 }
 
 int bch2_fs_btree_iter_init(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        unsigned nr = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       int ret;
 
-       return mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_iters_pool, 1,
-                       sizeof(struct btree_iter) * nr +
-                       sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * nr +
-                       sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * nr);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_trans_list);
+       mutex_init(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+
+       ret   = mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_paths_pool, 1,
+                       sizeof(struct btree_path) * nr +
+                       sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * nr) ?:
+               mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_trans_mem_pool, 1,
+                                         BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX) ?:
+               init_srcu_struct(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+       if (!ret)
+               c->btree_trans_barrier_initialized = true;
+       return ret;
 }