]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/btree_iter.c
Update bcachefs sources to 1a510b00b6 bcachefs: Increase BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / btree_iter.c
index 49ddf05cc9a9522d8312c4ccff8d8aabaef485fd..d2a8121c52c9989bcfb554acb0c3e72adf4cc92b 100644 (file)
@@ -1,78 +1,98 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
 #include "bkey_methods.h"
+#include "bkey_buf.h"
 #include "btree_cache.h"
 #include "btree_iter.h"
+#include "btree_key_cache.h"
 #include "btree_locking.h"
+#include "btree_update.h"
 #include "debug.h"
+#include "error.h"
 #include "extents.h"
+#include "journal.h"
+#include "replicas.h"
 
 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
 #include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_peek_all(struct btree_iter *,
-                                                   struct btree_iter_level *,
-                                                   struct bkey *);
+static void btree_iter_set_search_pos(struct btree_iter *, struct bpos);
+static struct btree_iter *btree_iter_child_alloc(struct btree_iter *, unsigned long);
+static struct btree_iter *btree_trans_iter_alloc(struct btree_trans *);
+static void btree_iter_copy(struct btree_iter *, struct btree_iter *);
 
-#define BTREE_ITER_NOT_END     ((struct btree *) 1)
+static inline struct bpos bkey_successor(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos p)
+{
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+
+       /* Are we iterating over keys in all snapshots? */
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) {
+               p = bpos_successor(p);
+       } else {
+               p = bpos_nosnap_successor(p);
+               p.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+       }
+
+       return p;
+}
+
+static inline struct bpos bkey_predecessor(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos p)
+{
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+
+       /* Are we iterating over keys in all snapshots? */
+       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) {
+               p = bpos_predecessor(p);
+       } else {
+               p = bpos_nosnap_predecessor(p);
+               p.snapshot = iter->snapshot;
+       }
+
+       return p;
+}
 
 static inline bool is_btree_node(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned l)
 {
        return l < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH &&
-               iter->l[l].b &&
-               iter->l[l].b != BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+               (unsigned long) iter->l[l].b >= 128;
 }
 
-/* Returns < 0 if @k is before iter pos, > 0 if @k is after */
-static inline int __btree_iter_pos_cmp(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                      const struct btree *b,
-                                      const struct bkey_packed *k,
-                                      bool interior_node)
+static inline struct bpos btree_iter_search_key(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       int cmp = bkey_cmp_left_packed(b, k, &iter->pos);
+       struct bpos pos = iter->pos;
 
-       if (cmp)
-               return cmp;
-       if (bkey_deleted(k))
-               return -1;
+       if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+           bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MAX))
+               pos = bkey_successor(iter, pos);
+       return pos;
+}
 
-       /*
-        * Normally, for extents we want the first key strictly greater than
-        * the iterator position - with the exception that for interior nodes,
-        * we don't want to advance past the last key if the iterator position
-        * is POS_MAX:
-        */
-       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS &&
-           (!interior_node ||
-            bkey_cmp_left_packed_byval(b, k, POS_MAX)))
-               return -1;
-       return 1;
+static inline bool btree_iter_pos_before_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                             struct btree *b)
+{
+       return bpos_cmp(iter->real_pos, b->data->min_key) < 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool btree_iter_pos_after_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                            struct btree *b)
+{
+       return bpos_cmp(b->key.k.p, iter->real_pos) < 0;
 }
 
-static inline int btree_iter_pos_cmp(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                    const struct btree *b,
-                                    const struct bkey_packed *k)
+static inline bool btree_iter_pos_in_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                         struct btree *b)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, b, k, b->level != 0);
+       return iter->btree_id == b->c.btree_id &&
+               !btree_iter_pos_before_node(iter, b) &&
+               !btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, b);
 }
 
 /* Btree node locking: */
 
-/*
- * Updates the saved lock sequence number, so that bch2_btree_node_relock() will
- * succeed:
- */
 void bch2_btree_node_unlock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
-
-       EBUG_ON(iter->l[b->level].b != b);
-       EBUG_ON(iter->l[b->level].lock_seq + 1 != b->lock.state.seq);
-
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked)
-               linked->l[b->level].lock_seq += 2;
-
-       six_unlock_write(&b->lock);
+       bch2_btree_node_unlock_write_inlined(b, iter);
 }
 
 void __bch2_btree_node_lock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
@@ -80,11 +100,11 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_lock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
        struct btree_iter *linked;
        unsigned readers = 0;
 
-       EBUG_ON(btree_node_read_locked(iter, b->level));
+       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_intent_locked(iter, b->c.level));
 
        trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               if (linked->l[b->level].b == b &&
-                   btree_node_read_locked(linked, b->level))
+               if (linked->l[b->c.level].b == b &&
+                   btree_node_read_locked(linked, b->c.level))
                        readers++;
 
        /*
@@ -94,10 +114,10 @@ void __bch2_btree_node_lock_write(struct btree *b, struct btree_iter *iter)
         * locked:
         */
        atomic64_sub(__SIX_VAL(read_lock, readers),
-                    &b->lock.state.counter);
+                    &b->c.lock.state.counter);
        btree_node_lock_type(iter->trans->c, b, SIX_LOCK_write);
        atomic64_add(__SIX_VAL(read_lock, readers),
-                    &b->lock.state.counter);
+                    &b->c.lock.state.counter);
 }
 
 bool __bch2_btree_node_relock(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned level)
@@ -105,19 +125,20 @@ bool __bch2_btree_node_relock(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned level)
        struct btree *b = btree_iter_node(iter, level);
        int want = __btree_lock_want(iter, level);
 
-       if (!b || b == BTREE_ITER_NOT_END)
+       if (!is_btree_node(iter, level))
                return false;
 
        if (race_fault())
                return false;
 
-       if (!six_relock_type(&b->lock, want, iter->l[level].lock_seq) &&
-           !(iter->l[level].lock_seq >> 1 == b->lock.state.seq >> 1 &&
-             btree_node_lock_increment(iter, b, level, want)))
+       if (six_relock_type(&b->c.lock, want, iter->l[level].lock_seq) ||
+           (btree_node_lock_seq_matches(iter, b, level) &&
+            btree_node_lock_increment(iter->trans, b, level, want))) {
+               mark_btree_node_locked(iter, level, want);
+               return true;
+       } else {
                return false;
-
-       mark_btree_node_locked(iter, level, want);
-       return true;
+       }
 }
 
 static bool bch2_btree_node_upgrade(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned level)
@@ -136,12 +157,12 @@ static bool bch2_btree_node_upgrade(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned level)
                return false;
 
        if (btree_node_locked(iter, level)
-           ? six_lock_tryupgrade(&b->lock)
-           : six_relock_type(&b->lock, SIX_LOCK_intent, iter->l[level].lock_seq))
+           ? six_lock_tryupgrade(&b->c.lock)
+           : six_relock_type(&b->c.lock, SIX_LOCK_intent, iter->l[level].lock_seq))
                goto success;
 
-       if (iter->l[level].lock_seq >> 1 == b->lock.state.seq >> 1 &&
-           btree_node_lock_increment(iter, b, level, BTREE_NODE_INTENT_LOCKED)) {
+       if (btree_node_lock_seq_matches(iter, b, level) &&
+           btree_node_lock_increment(iter->trans, b, level, BTREE_NODE_INTENT_LOCKED)) {
                btree_node_unlock(iter, level);
                goto success;
        }
@@ -152,8 +173,8 @@ success:
        return true;
 }
 
-static inline bool btree_iter_get_locks(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                       bool upgrade)
+static inline bool btree_iter_get_locks(struct btree_iter *iter, bool upgrade,
+                                       unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        unsigned l = iter->level;
        int fail_idx = -1;
@@ -165,6 +186,18 @@ static inline bool btree_iter_get_locks(struct btree_iter *iter,
                if (!(upgrade
                      ? bch2_btree_node_upgrade(iter, l)
                      : bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, l))) {
+                       (upgrade
+                        ? trace_node_upgrade_fail
+                        : trace_node_relock_fail)(iter->trans->ip, trace_ip,
+                                       iter->btree_id, &iter->real_pos,
+                                       l, iter->l[l].lock_seq,
+                                       is_btree_node(iter, l)
+                                       ? 0
+                                       : (unsigned long) iter->l[l].b,
+                                       is_btree_node(iter, l)
+                                       ? iter->l[l].b->c.lock.state.seq
+                                       : 0);
+
                        fail_idx = l;
                        btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
                }
@@ -179,7 +212,7 @@ static inline bool btree_iter_get_locks(struct btree_iter *iter,
         */
        while (fail_idx >= 0) {
                btree_node_unlock(iter, fail_idx);
-               iter->l[fail_idx].b = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+               iter->l[fail_idx].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_GET_LOCKS;
                --fail_idx;
        }
 
@@ -191,25 +224,32 @@ static inline bool btree_iter_get_locks(struct btree_iter *iter,
        return iter->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK;
 }
 
+static struct bpos btree_node_pos(struct btree_bkey_cached_common *_b,
+                                 enum btree_iter_type type)
+{
+       return  type != BTREE_ITER_CACHED
+               ? container_of(_b, struct btree, c)->key.k.p
+               : container_of(_b, struct bkey_cached, c)->key.pos;
+}
+
 /* Slowpath: */
 bool __bch2_btree_node_lock(struct btree *b, struct bpos pos,
-                          unsigned level,
-                          struct btree_iter *iter,
-                          enum six_lock_type type,
-                          bool may_drop_locks)
+                           unsigned level, struct btree_iter *iter,
+                           enum six_lock_type type,
+                           six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p,
+                           unsigned long ip)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
-       bool ret = true;
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct btree_iter *linked, *deadlock_iter = NULL;
+       u64 start_time = local_clock();
+       unsigned reason = 9;
+       bool ret;
 
        /* Check if it's safe to block: */
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked) {
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, linked) {
                if (!linked->nodes_locked)
                        continue;
 
-               /* * Must lock btree nodes in key order: */
-               if (__btree_iter_cmp(iter->btree_id, pos, linked) < 0)
-                       ret = false;
-
                /*
                 * Can't block taking an intent lock if we have _any_ nodes read
                 * locked:
@@ -224,13 +264,28 @@ bool __bch2_btree_node_lock(struct btree *b, struct bpos pos,
                 */
                if (type == SIX_LOCK_intent &&
                    linked->nodes_locked != linked->nodes_intent_locked) {
-                       if (may_drop_locks) {
-                               linked->locks_want = max_t(unsigned,
-                                               linked->locks_want,
-                                               __fls(linked->nodes_locked) + 1);
-                               btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true);
+                       deadlock_iter = linked;
+                       reason = 1;
+               }
+
+               if (linked->btree_id != iter->btree_id) {
+                       if (linked->btree_id > iter->btree_id) {
+                               deadlock_iter = linked;
+                               reason = 3;
+                       }
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Within the same btree, cached iterators come before non
+                * cached iterators:
+                */
+               if (btree_iter_is_cached(linked) != btree_iter_is_cached(iter)) {
+                       if (btree_iter_is_cached(iter)) {
+                               deadlock_iter = linked;
+                               reason = 4;
                        }
-                       ret = false;
+                       continue;
                }
 
                /*
@@ -238,38 +293,68 @@ bool __bch2_btree_node_lock(struct btree *b, struct bpos pos,
                 * another iterator has possible descendants locked of the node
                 * we're about to lock, it must have the ancestors locked too:
                 */
-               if (linked->btree_id == iter->btree_id &&
-                   level > __fls(linked->nodes_locked)) {
-                       if (may_drop_locks) {
-                               linked->locks_want =
-                                       max(level + 1, max_t(unsigned,
-                                           linked->locks_want,
-                                           iter->locks_want));
-                               btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true);
-                       }
-                       ret = false;
+               if (level > __fls(linked->nodes_locked)) {
+                       deadlock_iter = linked;
+                       reason = 5;
+               }
+
+               /* Must lock btree nodes in key order: */
+               if (btree_node_locked(linked, level) &&
+                   bpos_cmp(pos, btree_node_pos((void *) linked->l[level].b,
+                                                btree_iter_type(linked))) <= 0) {
+                       deadlock_iter = linked;
+                       reason = 7;
+                       BUG_ON(trans->in_traverse_all);
                }
        }
 
-       if (ret)
-               __btree_node_lock_type(iter->trans->c, b, type);
-       else
-               trans_restart();
+       if (unlikely(deadlock_iter)) {
+               trace_trans_restart_would_deadlock(iter->trans->ip, ip,
+                               trans->in_traverse_all, reason,
+                               deadlock_iter->btree_id,
+                               btree_iter_type(deadlock_iter),
+                               &deadlock_iter->real_pos,
+                               iter->btree_id,
+                               btree_iter_type(iter),
+                               &pos);
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       if (six_trylock_type(&b->c.lock, type))
+               return true;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       trans->locking_iter_idx = iter->idx;
+       trans->locking_pos      = pos;
+       trans->locking_btree_id = iter->btree_id;
+       trans->locking_level    = level;
+       trans->locking          = b;
+#endif
+
+       ret = six_lock_type(&b->c.lock, type, should_sleep_fn, p) == 0;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       trans->locking = NULL;
+#endif
+       if (ret)
+               bch2_time_stats_update(&trans->c->times[lock_to_time_stat(type)],
+                                      start_time);
        return ret;
 }
 
 /* Btree iterator locking: */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
-void bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        unsigned l;
 
-       BUG_ON((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_NOUNLOCK) &&
-              !btree_node_locked(iter, 0));
+       if (!(iter->trans->iters_linked & (1ULL << iter->idx))) {
+               BUG_ON(iter->nodes_locked);
+               return;
+       }
 
-       for (l = 0; btree_iter_node(iter, l); l++) {
+       for (l = 0; is_btree_node(iter, l); l++) {
                if (iter->uptodate >= BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK &&
                    !btree_node_locked(iter, l))
                        continue;
@@ -286,14 +371,14 @@ void bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(struct btree_trans *trans)
        trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
                bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(iter);
 }
+#else
+static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(struct btree_iter *iter) {}
 #endif
 
 __flatten
-static bool bch2_btree_iter_relock(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static bool bch2_btree_iter_relock(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
-       return iter->uptodate >= BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK
-               ? btree_iter_get_locks(iter, false)
-               : true;
+       return btree_iter_get_locks(iter, false, trace_ip);
 }
 
 bool __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade(struct btree_iter *iter,
@@ -305,109 +390,97 @@ bool __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade(struct btree_iter *iter,
 
        iter->locks_want = new_locks_want;
 
-       if (btree_iter_get_locks(iter, true))
+       if (btree_iter_get_locks(iter, true, _THIS_IP_))
                return true;
 
        /*
-        * Ancestor nodes must be locked before child nodes, so set locks_want
-        * on iterators that might lock ancestors before us to avoid getting
-        * -EINTR later:
+        * XXX: this is ugly - we'd prefer to not be mucking with other
+        * iterators in the btree_trans here.
+        *
+        * On failure to upgrade the iterator, setting iter->locks_want and
+        * calling get_locks() is sufficient to make bch2_btree_iter_traverse()
+        * get the locks we want on transaction restart.
+        *
+        * But if this iterator was a clone, on transaction restart what we did
+        * to this iterator isn't going to be preserved.
+        *
+        * Possibly we could add an iterator field for the parent iterator when
+        * an iterator is a copy - for now, we'll just upgrade any other
+        * iterators with the same btree id.
+        *
+        * The code below used to be needed to ensure ancestor nodes get locked
+        * before interior nodes - now that's handled by
+        * bch2_btree_iter_traverse_all().
         */
        trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
                if (linked != iter &&
+                   btree_iter_type(linked) == btree_iter_type(iter) &&
                    linked->btree_id == iter->btree_id &&
-                   btree_iter_cmp(linked, iter) <= 0 &&
                    linked->locks_want < new_locks_want) {
                        linked->locks_want = new_locks_want;
-                       btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true);
+                       btree_iter_get_locks(linked, true, _THIS_IP_);
                }
 
        return false;
 }
 
-bool __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade_nounlock(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                       unsigned new_locks_want)
-{
-       unsigned l = iter->level;
-
-       EBUG_ON(iter->locks_want >= new_locks_want);
-
-       iter->locks_want = new_locks_want;
-
-       do {
-               if (!btree_iter_node(iter, l))
-                       break;
-
-               if (!bch2_btree_node_upgrade(iter, l)) {
-                       iter->locks_want = l;
-                       return false;
-               }
-
-               l++;
-       } while (l < iter->locks_want);
-
-       return true;
-}
-
 void __bch2_btree_iter_downgrade(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                unsigned downgrade_to)
+                                unsigned new_locks_want)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
        unsigned l;
 
-       /*
-        * We downgrade linked iterators as well because btree_iter_upgrade
-        * might have had to modify locks_want on linked iterators due to lock
-        * ordering:
-        */
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked) {
-               unsigned new_locks_want = downgrade_to ?:
-                       (linked->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT ? 1 : 0);
-
-               if (linked->locks_want <= new_locks_want)
-                       continue;
+       EBUG_ON(iter->locks_want < new_locks_want);
 
-               linked->locks_want = new_locks_want;
+       iter->locks_want = new_locks_want;
 
-               while (linked->nodes_locked &&
-                      (l = __fls(linked->nodes_locked)) >= linked->locks_want) {
-                       if (l > linked->level) {
-                               btree_node_unlock(linked, l);
-                       } else {
-                               if (btree_node_intent_locked(linked, l)) {
-                                       six_lock_downgrade(&linked->l[l].b->lock);
-                                       linked->nodes_intent_locked ^= 1 << l;
-                               }
-                               break;
+       while (iter->nodes_locked &&
+              (l = __fls(iter->nodes_locked)) >= iter->locks_want) {
+               if (l > iter->level) {
+                       btree_node_unlock(iter, l);
+               } else {
+                       if (btree_node_intent_locked(iter, l)) {
+                               six_lock_downgrade(&iter->l[l].b->c.lock);
+                               iter->nodes_intent_locked ^= 1 << l;
                        }
+                       break;
                }
        }
 
        bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(iter->trans);
 }
 
-int bch2_btree_iter_unlock(struct btree_iter *iter)
+void bch2_trans_downgrade(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(linked);
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
+               bch2_btree_iter_downgrade(iter);
+}
 
-       return btree_iter_err(iter);
+/* Btree transaction locking: */
+
+static inline bool btree_iter_should_be_locked(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                              struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       return (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT) ||
+               iter->should_be_locked;
 }
 
-bool bch2_btree_trans_relock(struct btree_trans *trans)
+bool bch2_trans_relock(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct btree_iter *iter;
-       bool ret = true;
 
        trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               ret &= bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter);
-
-       return ret;
+               if (!bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter, _RET_IP_) &&
+                   btree_iter_should_be_locked(trans, iter)) {
+                       trace_trans_restart_relock(trans->ip, _RET_IP_,
+                                       iter->btree_id, &iter->real_pos);
+                       return false;
+               }
+       return true;
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_trans_unlock(struct btree_trans *trans)
+void bch2_trans_unlock(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct btree_iter *iter;
 
@@ -415,26 +488,67 @@ void bch2_btree_trans_unlock(struct btree_trans *trans)
                __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(iter);
 }
 
-/* Btree transaction locking: */
-
 /* Btree iterator: */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
 
-static void __bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                    struct btree *b)
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_cached(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[b->level];
-       struct btree_node_iter tmp = l->iter;
-       struct bkey_packed *k;
+       struct bkey_cached *ck;
+       bool locked = btree_node_locked(iter, 0);
+
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, 0))
+               return;
+
+       ck = (void *) iter->l[0].b;
+       BUG_ON(ck->key.btree_id != iter->btree_id ||
+              bkey_cmp(ck->key.pos, iter->pos));
+
+       if (!locked)
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, 0);
+}
 
-       if (!debug_check_iterators(iter->trans->c))
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                        unsigned level)
+{
+       struct btree_iter_level *l;
+       struct btree_node_iter tmp;
+       bool locked;
+       struct bkey_packed *p, *k;
+       char buf1[100], buf2[100], buf3[100];
+       const char *msg;
+
+       if (!bch2_debug_check_iterators)
+               return;
+
+       l       = &iter->l[level];
+       tmp     = l->iter;
+       locked  = btree_node_locked(iter, level);
+
+       if (btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED) {
+               if (!level)
+                       bch2_btree_iter_verify_cached(iter);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       BUG_ON(iter->level < iter->min_depth);
+
+       if (!btree_iter_node(iter, level))
                return;
 
-       if (iter->uptodate > BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK)
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, level))
                return;
 
-       bch2_btree_node_iter_verify(&l->iter, b);
+       BUG_ON(!btree_iter_pos_in_node(iter, l->b));
+
+       /*
+        * node iterators don't use leaf node iterator:
+        */
+       if (btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_NODES &&
+           level <= iter->min_depth)
+               goto unlock;
+
+       bch2_btree_node_iter_verify(&l->iter, l->b);
 
        /*
         * For interior nodes, the iterator will have skipped past
@@ -443,54 +557,149 @@ static void __bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter,
         * For extents, the iterator may have skipped past deleted keys (but not
         * whiteouts)
         */
-       k = b->level || iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS
-               ? bch2_btree_node_iter_prev_filter(&tmp, b, KEY_TYPE_discard)
-               : bch2_btree_node_iter_prev_all(&tmp, b);
-       if (k && btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, b, k) > 0) {
-               char buf[100];
-               struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(b, k);
+       p = level || btree_node_type_is_extents(iter->btree_id)
+               ? bch2_btree_node_iter_prev(&tmp, l->b)
+               : bch2_btree_node_iter_prev_all(&tmp, l->b);
+       k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
 
-               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf), &uk);
-               panic("prev key should be before iter pos:\n%s\n%llu:%llu\n",
-                     buf, iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset);
+       if (p && bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, p, &iter->real_pos) >= 0) {
+               msg = "before";
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, b);
-       if (k && btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, b, k) < 0) {
-               char buf[100];
-               struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(b, k);
+       if (k && bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, k, &iter->real_pos) < 0) {
+               msg = "after";
+               goto err;
+       }
+unlock:
+       if (!locked)
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, level);
+       return;
+err:
+       strcpy(buf2, "(none)");
+       strcpy(buf3, "(none)");
 
-               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf), &uk);
-               panic("iter should be after current key:\n"
-                     "iter pos %llu:%llu\n"
-                     "cur key  %s\n",
-                     iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset, buf);
+       bch2_bpos_to_text(&PBUF(buf1), iter->real_pos);
+
+       if (p) {
+               struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(l->b, p);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf2), &uk);
+       }
+
+       if (k) {
+               struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(l->b, k);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf3), &uk);
        }
 
-       BUG_ON(iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE &&
-              (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_TYPE) == BTREE_ITER_KEYS &&
-              !bkey_whiteout(&iter->k) &&
-              bch2_btree_node_iter_end(&l->iter));
+       panic("iterator should be %s key at level %u:\n"
+             "iter pos %s\n"
+             "prev key %s\n"
+             "cur  key %s\n",
+             msg, level, buf1, buf2, buf3);
 }
 
-void bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter *linked;
+       enum btree_iter_type type = btree_iter_type(iter);
+       unsigned i;
+
+       EBUG_ON(iter->btree_id >= BTREE_ID_NR);
+
+       BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              iter->pos.snapshot != iter->snapshot);
+
+       BUG_ON((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+              (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS));
+
+       BUG_ON(type == BTREE_ITER_NODES &&
+              !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS));
+
+       BUG_ON(type != BTREE_ITER_NODES &&
+              (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              !btree_type_has_snapshots(iter->btree_id));
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(iter);
 
-       if (!debug_check_iterators(iter->trans->c))
+       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, i);
+}
+
+static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       enum btree_iter_type type = btree_iter_type(iter);
+
+       BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
+              iter->pos.snapshot != iter->snapshot);
+
+       BUG_ON((type == BTREE_ITER_KEYS ||
+               type == BTREE_ITER_CACHED) &&
+              (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, bkey_start_pos(&iter->k)) < 0 ||
+               bkey_cmp(iter->pos, iter->k.p) > 0));
+}
+
+void bch2_btree_trans_verify_iters(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
+{
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
+
+       if (!bch2_debug_check_iterators)
                return;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked)
-               __bch2_btree_iter_verify(linked, b);
+       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(trans, b, iter)
+               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(iter, b->c.level);
 }
 
 #else
 
-static inline void __bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                           struct btree *b) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned l) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify(struct btree_iter *iter) {}
+static inline void bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(struct btree_iter *iter) {}
 
 #endif
 
+static void btree_node_iter_set_set_pos(struct btree_node_iter *iter,
+                                       struct btree *b,
+                                       struct bset_tree *t,
+                                       struct bkey_packed *k)
+{
+       struct btree_node_iter_set *set;
+
+       btree_node_iter_for_each(iter, set)
+               if (set->end == t->end_offset) {
+                       set->k = __btree_node_key_to_offset(b, k);
+                       bch2_btree_node_iter_sort(iter, b);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+       bch2_btree_node_iter_push(iter, b, k, btree_bkey_last(b, t));
+}
+
+static void __bch2_btree_iter_fix_key_modified(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                              struct btree *b,
+                                              struct bkey_packed *where)
+{
+       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[b->c.level];
+
+       if (where != bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b))
+               return;
+
+       if (bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, where, &iter->real_pos) < 0)
+               bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&l->iter, l->b);
+
+       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+}
+
+void bch2_btree_iter_fix_key_modified(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                     struct btree *b,
+                                     struct bkey_packed *where)
+{
+       struct btree_iter *linked;
+
+       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked) {
+               __bch2_btree_iter_fix_key_modified(linked, b, where);
+               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(linked, b->c.level);
+       }
+}
+
 static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
                                      struct btree *b,
                                      struct btree_node_iter *node_iter,
@@ -504,6 +713,10 @@ static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
        unsigned offset = __btree_node_key_to_offset(b, where);
        int shift = new_u64s - clobber_u64s;
        unsigned old_end = t->end_offset - shift;
+       unsigned orig_iter_pos = node_iter->data[0].k;
+       bool iter_current_key_modified =
+               orig_iter_pos >= offset &&
+               orig_iter_pos <= offset + clobber_u64s;
 
        btree_node_iter_for_each(node_iter, set)
                if (set->end == old_end)
@@ -511,18 +724,13 @@ static void __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
 
        /* didn't find the bset in the iterator - might have to readd it: */
        if (new_u64s &&
-           btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, b, where) > 0) {
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
-
+           bkey_iter_pos_cmp(b, where, &iter->real_pos) >= 0) {
                bch2_btree_node_iter_push(node_iter, b, where, end);
-
-               if (!b->level &&
-                   node_iter == &iter->l[0].iter)
-                       bkey_disassemble(b,
-                               bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(node_iter, b),
-                               &iter->k);
+               goto fixup_done;
+       } else {
+               /* Iterator is after key that changed */
+               return;
        }
-       return;
 found:
        set->end = t->end_offset;
 
@@ -531,93 +739,63 @@ found:
                return;
 
        if (new_u64s &&
-           btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, b, where) > 0) {
+           bkey_iter_pos_cmp(b, where, &iter->real_pos) >= 0) {
                set->k = offset;
        } else if (set->k < offset + clobber_u64s) {
                set->k = offset + new_u64s;
                if (set->k == set->end)
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_set_drop(node_iter, set);
        } else {
+               /* Iterator is after key that changed */
                set->k = (int) set->k + shift;
-               goto iter_current_key_not_modified;
+               return;
        }
 
-       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
-
        bch2_btree_node_iter_sort(node_iter, b);
-       if (!b->level && node_iter == &iter->l[0].iter) {
-               /*
-                * not legal to call bkey_debugcheck() here, because we're
-                * called midway through the update path after update has been
-                * marked but before deletes have actually happened:
-                */
-#if 0
-               __btree_iter_peek_all(iter, &iter->l[0], &iter->k);
-#endif
-               struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-               struct bkey_packed *k =
-                       bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
-
-               if (unlikely(!k))
-                       iter->k.type = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
-               else
-                       bkey_disassemble(l->b, k, &iter->k);
-       }
-iter_current_key_not_modified:
+fixup_done:
+       if (node_iter->data[0].k != orig_iter_pos)
+               iter_current_key_modified = true;
 
        /*
-        * Interior nodes are special because iterators for interior nodes don't
-        * obey the usual invariants regarding the iterator position:
-        *
-        * We may have whiteouts that compare greater than the iterator
-        * position, and logically should be in the iterator, but that we
-        * skipped past to find the first live key greater than the iterator
-        * position. This becomes an issue when we insert a new key that is
-        * greater than the current iterator position, but smaller than the
-        * whiteouts we've already skipped past - this happens in the course of
-        * a btree split.
-        *
-        * We have to rewind the iterator past to before those whiteouts here,
-        * else bkey_node_iter_prev() is not going to work and who knows what
-        * else would happen. And we have to do it manually, because here we've
-        * already done the insert and the iterator is currently inconsistent:
-        *
-        * We've got multiple competing invariants, here - we have to be careful
-        * about rewinding iterators for interior nodes, because they should
-        * always point to the key for the child node the btree iterator points
-        * to.
+        * When a new key is added, and the node iterator now points to that
+        * key, the iterator might have skipped past deleted keys that should
+        * come after the key the iterator now points to. We have to rewind to
+        * before those deleted keys - otherwise
+        * bch2_btree_node_iter_prev_all() breaks:
         */
-       if (b->level && new_u64s &&
-           btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, b, where) > 0) {
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_iter_end(node_iter) &&
+           iter_current_key_modified &&
+           (b->c.level ||
+            btree_node_type_is_extents(iter->btree_id))) {
                struct bset_tree *t;
-               struct bkey_packed *k;
+               struct bkey_packed *k, *k2, *p;
+
+               k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(node_iter, b);
 
                for_each_bset(b, t) {
-                       if (bch2_bkey_to_bset(b, where) == t)
+                       bool set_pos = false;
+
+                       if (node_iter->data[0].end == t->end_offset)
                                continue;
 
-                       k = bch2_bkey_prev_all(b, t,
-                               bch2_btree_node_iter_bset_pos(node_iter, b, t));
-                       if (k &&
-                           bkey_iter_cmp(b, k, where) > 0) {
-                               struct btree_node_iter_set *set;
-                               unsigned offset =
-                                       __btree_node_key_to_offset(b, bkey_next(k));
-
-                               btree_node_iter_for_each(node_iter, set)
-                                       if (set->k == offset) {
-                                               set->k = __btree_node_key_to_offset(b, k);
-                                               bch2_btree_node_iter_sort(node_iter, b);
-                                               goto next_bset;
-                                       }
-
-                               bch2_btree_node_iter_push(node_iter, b, k,
-                                               btree_bkey_last(b, t));
+                       k2 = bch2_btree_node_iter_bset_pos(node_iter, b, t);
+
+                       while ((p = bch2_bkey_prev_all(b, t, k2)) &&
+                              bkey_iter_cmp(b, k, p) < 0) {
+                               k2 = p;
+                               set_pos = true;
                        }
-next_bset:
-                       t = t;
+
+                       if (set_pos)
+                               btree_node_iter_set_set_pos(node_iter,
+                                                           b, t, k2);
                }
        }
+
+       if (!b->c.level &&
+           node_iter == &iter->l[0].iter &&
+           iter_current_key_modified)
+               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
 }
 
 void bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
@@ -630,14 +808,20 @@ void bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_iter *iter,
        struct bset_tree *t = bch2_bkey_to_bset(b, where);
        struct btree_iter *linked;
 
-       if (node_iter != &iter->l[b->level].iter)
+       if (node_iter != &iter->l[b->c.level].iter) {
                __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(iter, b, node_iter, t,
-                                         where, clobber_u64s, new_u64s);
+                                          where, clobber_u64s, new_u64s);
 
-       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked)
+               if (bch2_debug_check_iterators)
+                       bch2_btree_node_iter_verify(node_iter, b);
+       }
+
+       trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked) {
                __bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(linked, b,
-                                         &linked->l[b->level].iter, t,
-                                         where, clobber_u64s, new_u64s);
+                                          &linked->l[b->c.level].iter, t,
+                                          where, clobber_u64s, new_u64s);
+               bch2_btree_iter_verify_level(linked, b->c.level);
+       }
 }
 
 static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_unpack(struct btree_iter *iter,
@@ -658,26 +842,45 @@ static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_unpack(struct btree_iter *iter,
 
        ret = bkey_disassemble(l->b, k, u);
 
-       if (debug_check_bkeys(iter->trans->c))
+       /*
+        * XXX: bch2_btree_bset_insert_key() generates invalid keys when we
+        * overwrite extents - it sets k->type = KEY_TYPE_deleted on the key
+        * being overwritten but doesn't change k->size. But this is ok, because
+        * those keys are never written out, we just have to avoid a spurious
+        * assertion here:
+        */
+       if (bch2_debug_check_bkeys && !bkey_deleted(ret.k))
                bch2_bkey_debugcheck(iter->trans->c, l->b, ret);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
 /* peek_all() doesn't skip deleted keys */
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_peek_all(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                                   struct btree_iter_level *l,
-                                                   struct bkey *u)
+static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_iter_level_peek_all(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                                       struct btree_iter_level *l)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, u,
+       return __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b));
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c __btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                               struct btree_iter_level *l)
+static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_iter_level_peek(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                                   struct btree_iter_level *l)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
+       struct bkey_s_c k = __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b));
+
+       iter->real_pos = k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->key.k.p;
+       return k;
+}
+
+static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_iter_level_prev(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                                   struct btree_iter_level *l)
+{
+       struct bkey_s_c k = __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
+                       bch2_btree_node_iter_prev(&l->iter, l->b));
+
+       iter->real_pos = k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->data->min_key;
+       return k;
 }
 
 static inline bool btree_iter_advance_to_pos(struct btree_iter *iter,
@@ -688,7 +891,7 @@ static inline bool btree_iter_advance_to_pos(struct btree_iter *iter,
        int nr_advanced = 0;
 
        while ((k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b)) &&
-              btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, l->b, k) < 0) {
+              bkey_iter_pos_cmp(l->b, k, &iter->real_pos) < 0) {
                if (max_advance > 0 && nr_advanced >= max_advance)
                        return false;
 
@@ -712,7 +915,7 @@ static void btree_iter_verify_new_node(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
        if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG))
                return;
 
-       plevel = b->level + 1;
+       plevel = b->c.level + 1;
        if (!btree_iter_node(iter, plevel))
                return;
 
@@ -726,31 +929,27 @@ static void btree_iter_verify_new_node(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
        if (!k ||
            bkey_deleted(k) ||
            bkey_cmp_left_packed(l->b, k, &b->key.k.p)) {
-               char buf[100];
+               char buf1[100];
+               char buf2[100];
+               char buf3[100];
+               char buf4[100];
                struct bkey uk = bkey_unpack_key(b, k);
 
-               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf), &uk);
-               panic("parent iter doesn't point to new node:\n%s\n%llu:%llu\n",
-                     buf, b->key.k.p.inode, b->key.k.p.offset);
+               bch2_dump_btree_node(iter->trans->c, l->b);
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&PBUF(buf1), iter->real_pos);
+               bch2_bkey_to_text(&PBUF(buf2), &uk);
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&PBUF(buf3), b->data->min_key);
+               bch2_bpos_to_text(&PBUF(buf3), b->data->max_key);
+               panic("parent iter doesn't point to new node:\n"
+                     "iter pos %s %s\n"
+                     "iter key %s\n"
+                     "new node %s-%s\n",
+                     bch2_btree_ids[iter->btree_id], buf1,
+                     buf2, buf3, buf4);
        }
 
        if (!parent_locked)
-               btree_node_unlock(iter, b->level + 1);
-}
-
-static inline bool btree_iter_pos_after_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                            struct btree *b)
-{
-       return __btree_iter_pos_cmp(iter, NULL,
-                       bkey_to_packed(&b->key), true) < 0;
-}
-
-static inline bool btree_iter_pos_in_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                         struct btree *b)
-{
-       return iter->btree_id == b->btree_id &&
-               bkey_cmp(iter->pos, b->data->min_key) >= 0 &&
-               !btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, b);
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, b->c.level + 1);
 }
 
 static inline void __btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter,
@@ -758,12 +957,12 @@ static inline void __btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter,
 {
        struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[level];
 
-       bch2_btree_node_iter_init(&l->iter, l->b, &iter->pos);
+       bch2_btree_node_iter_init(&l->iter, l->b, &iter->real_pos);
 
-       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
-               btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, l, -1);
-
-       /* Skip to first non whiteout: */
+       /*
+        * Iterators to interior nodes should always be pointed at the first non
+        * whiteout:
+        */
        if (level)
                bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b);
 
@@ -773,14 +972,16 @@ static inline void __btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter,
 static inline void btree_iter_node_set(struct btree_iter *iter,
                                       struct btree *b)
 {
+       BUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED);
+
        btree_iter_verify_new_node(iter, b);
 
        EBUG_ON(!btree_iter_pos_in_node(iter, b));
-       EBUG_ON(b->lock.state.seq & 1);
+       EBUG_ON(b->c.lock.state.seq & 1);
 
-       iter->l[b->level].lock_seq = b->lock.state.seq;
-       iter->l[b->level].b = b;
-       __btree_iter_init(iter, b->level);
+       iter->l[b->c.level].lock_seq = b->c.lock.state.seq;
+       iter->l[b->c.level].b = b;
+       __btree_iter_init(iter, b->c.level);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -793,35 +994,34 @@ void bch2_btree_iter_node_replace(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
        struct btree_iter *linked;
 
        trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
-               if (btree_iter_pos_in_node(linked, b)) {
+               if (btree_iter_type(linked) != BTREE_ITER_CACHED &&
+                   btree_iter_pos_in_node(linked, b)) {
                        /*
                         * bch2_btree_iter_node_drop() has already been called -
                         * the old node we're replacing has already been
                         * unlocked and the pointer invalidated
                         */
-                       BUG_ON(btree_node_locked(linked, b->level));
+                       BUG_ON(btree_node_locked(linked, b->c.level));
 
-                       t = btree_lock_want(linked, b->level);
+                       t = btree_lock_want(linked, b->c.level);
                        if (t != BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED) {
-                               six_lock_increment(&b->lock, t);
-                               mark_btree_node_locked(linked, b->level, t);
+                               six_lock_increment(&b->c.lock, t);
+                               mark_btree_node_locked(linked, b->c.level, t);
                        }
 
                        btree_iter_node_set(linked, b);
                }
-
-       six_unlock_intent(&b->lock);
 }
 
 void bch2_btree_iter_node_drop(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
 {
        struct btree_iter *linked;
-       unsigned level = b->level;
+       unsigned level = b->c.level;
 
        trans_for_each_iter(iter->trans, linked)
                if (linked->l[level].b == b) {
-                       __btree_node_unlock(linked, level);
-                       linked->l[level].b = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+                       btree_node_unlock(linked, level);
+                       linked->l[level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DROP;
                }
 }
 
@@ -834,22 +1034,31 @@ void bch2_btree_iter_reinit_node(struct btree_iter *iter, struct btree *b)
        struct btree_iter *linked;
 
        trans_for_each_iter_with_node(iter->trans, b, linked)
-               __btree_iter_init(linked, b->level);
+               __btree_iter_init(linked, b->c.level);
+}
+
+static int lock_root_check_fn(struct six_lock *lock, void *p)
+{
+       struct btree *b = container_of(lock, struct btree, c.lock);
+       struct btree **rootp = p;
+
+       return b == *rootp ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
 static inline int btree_iter_lock_root(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                      unsigned depth_want)
+                                      unsigned depth_want,
+                                      unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = iter->trans->c;
-       struct btree *b;
+       struct btree *b, **rootp = &c->btree_roots[iter->btree_id].b;
        enum six_lock_type lock_type;
        unsigned i;
 
        EBUG_ON(iter->nodes_locked);
 
        while (1) {
-               b = READ_ONCE(c->btree_roots[iter->btree_id].b);
-               iter->level = READ_ONCE(b->level);
+               b = READ_ONCE(*rootp);
+               iter->level = READ_ONCE(b->c.level);
 
                if (unlikely(iter->level < depth_want)) {
                        /*
@@ -859,29 +1068,33 @@ static inline int btree_iter_lock_root(struct btree_iter *iter,
                         * that depth
                         */
                        iter->level = depth_want;
-                       iter->l[iter->level].b = NULL;
+                       for (i = iter->level; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+                               iter->l[i].b = NULL;
                        return 1;
                }
 
                lock_type = __btree_lock_want(iter, iter->level);
                if (unlikely(!btree_node_lock(b, POS_MAX, iter->level,
-                                             iter, lock_type, true)))
+                                             iter, lock_type,
+                                             lock_root_check_fn, rootp,
+                                             trace_ip)))
                        return -EINTR;
 
-               if (likely(b == c->btree_roots[iter->btree_id].b &&
-                          b->level == iter->level &&
+               if (likely(b == READ_ONCE(*rootp) &&
+                          b->c.level == iter->level &&
                           !race_fault())) {
                        for (i = 0; i < iter->level; i++)
-                               iter->l[i].b = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+                               iter->l[i].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_LOCK_ROOT;
                        iter->l[iter->level].b = b;
+                       for (i = iter->level + 1; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+                               iter->l[i].b = NULL;
 
                        mark_btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level, lock_type);
                        btree_iter_node_set(iter, b);
                        return 0;
-
                }
 
-               six_unlock_type(&b->lock, lock_type);
+               six_unlock_type(&b->c.lock, lock_type);
        }
 }
 
@@ -892,83 +1105,146 @@ static void btree_iter_prefetch(struct btree_iter *iter)
        struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[iter->level];
        struct btree_node_iter node_iter = l->iter;
        struct bkey_packed *k;
-       BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
+       struct bkey_buf tmp;
        unsigned nr = test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags)
                ? (iter->level > 1 ? 0 :  2)
                : (iter->level > 1 ? 1 : 16);
        bool was_locked = btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level);
 
+       bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
+
        while (nr) {
                if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, iter->level))
-                       return;
+                       break;
 
                bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&node_iter, l->b);
                k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&node_iter, l->b);
                if (!k)
                        break;
 
-               bch2_bkey_unpack(l->b, &tmp.k, k);
-               bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, iter, &tmp.k, iter->level - 1);
+               bch2_bkey_buf_unpack(&tmp, c, l->b, k);
+               bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, iter, tmp.k, iter->btree_id,
+                                        iter->level - 1);
        }
 
        if (!was_locked)
                btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
+
+       bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&tmp, c);
+}
+
+static noinline void btree_node_mem_ptr_set(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                           unsigned plevel, struct btree *b)
+{
+       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[plevel];
+       bool locked = btree_node_locked(iter, plevel);
+       struct bkey_packed *k;
+       struct bch_btree_ptr_v2 *bp;
+
+       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, plevel))
+               return;
+
+       k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
+       BUG_ON(k->type != KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2);
+
+       bp = (void *) bkeyp_val(&l->b->format, k);
+       bp->mem_ptr = (unsigned long)b;
+
+       if (!locked)
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, plevel);
 }
 
-static inline int btree_iter_down(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static __always_inline int btree_iter_down(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                          unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = iter->trans->c;
        struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[iter->level];
        struct btree *b;
        unsigned level = iter->level - 1;
        enum six_lock_type lock_type = __btree_lock_want(iter, level);
-       BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
+       struct bkey_buf tmp;
+       int ret;
 
-       BUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level));
+       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(iter, iter->level));
 
-       bch2_bkey_unpack(l->b, &tmp.k,
+       bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
+       bch2_bkey_buf_unpack(&tmp, c, l->b,
                         bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b));
 
-       b = bch2_btree_node_get(c, iter, &tmp.k, level, lock_type, true);
-       if (unlikely(IS_ERR(b)))
-               return PTR_ERR(b);
+       b = bch2_btree_node_get(c, iter, tmp.k, level, lock_type, trace_ip);
+       ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(b);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               goto err;
 
        mark_btree_node_locked(iter, level, lock_type);
        btree_iter_node_set(iter, b);
 
+       if (tmp.k->k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2 &&
+           unlikely(b != btree_node_mem_ptr(tmp.k)))
+               btree_node_mem_ptr_set(iter, level + 1, b);
+
        if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH)
                btree_iter_prefetch(iter);
 
+       if (btree_node_read_locked(iter, level + 1))
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, level + 1);
        iter->level = level;
 
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static void btree_iter_up(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level++);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_locks(iter);
+err:
+       bch2_bkey_buf_exit(&tmp, c);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int __must_check __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *);
+static int btree_iter_traverse_one(struct btree_iter *, unsigned long);
 
-static int __btree_iter_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                    struct btree_iter *iter, int ret)
+static int __btree_iter_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans, int ret,
+                                    unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
        u8 sorted[BTREE_ITER_MAX];
-       unsigned i, nr_sorted = 0;
+       int i, nr_sorted = 0;
+       bool relock_fail;
 
-       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
-               sorted[nr_sorted++] = iter - trans->iters;
+       if (trans->in_traverse_all)
+               return -EINTR;
+
+       trans->in_traverse_all = true;
+retry_all:
+       nr_sorted = 0;
+       relock_fail = false;
+
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter) {
+               if (!bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter, _THIS_IP_))
+                       relock_fail = true;
+               sorted[nr_sorted++] = iter->idx;
+       }
+
+       if (!relock_fail) {
+               trans->in_traverse_all = false;
+               return 0;
+       }
 
 #define btree_iter_cmp_by_idx(_l, _r)                          \
-               btree_iter_cmp(&trans->iters[_l], &trans->iters[_r])
+               btree_iter_lock_cmp(&trans->iters[_l], &trans->iters[_r])
 
        bubble_sort(sorted, nr_sorted, btree_iter_cmp_by_idx);
 #undef btree_iter_cmp_by_idx
 
-retry_all:
-       bch2_btree_trans_unlock(trans);
+       for (i = nr_sorted - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
+               struct btree_iter *iter1 = trans->iters + sorted[i];
+               struct btree_iter *iter2 = trans->iters + sorted[i + 1];
+
+               if (iter1->btree_id == iter2->btree_id &&
+                   iter1->locks_want < iter2->locks_want)
+                       __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade(iter1, iter2->locks_want);
+               else if (!iter1->locks_want && iter2->locks_want)
+                       __bch2_btree_iter_upgrade(iter1, 1);
+       }
+
+       bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+       cond_resched();
 
        if (unlikely(ret == -ENOMEM)) {
                struct closure cl;
@@ -983,8 +1259,6 @@ retry_all:
 
        if (unlikely(ret == -EIO)) {
                trans->error = true;
-               iter->flags |= BTREE_ITER_ERROR;
-               iter->l[iter->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
                goto out;
        }
 
@@ -992,39 +1266,65 @@ retry_all:
 
        /* Now, redo traversals in correct order: */
        for (i = 0; i < nr_sorted; i++) {
-               iter = &trans->iters[sorted[i]];
+               unsigned idx = sorted[i];
 
-               do {
-                       ret = __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               } while (ret == -EINTR);
+               /*
+                * sucessfully traversing one iterator can cause another to be
+                * unlinked, in btree_key_cache_fill()
+                */
+               if (!(trans->iters_linked & (1ULL << idx)))
+                       continue;
 
+               ret = btree_iter_traverse_one(&trans->iters[idx], _THIS_IP_);
                if (ret)
                        goto retry_all;
        }
 
-       ret = hweight64(trans->iters_live) > 1 ? -EINTR : 0;
+       if (hweight64(trans->iters_live) > 1)
+               ret = -EINTR;
+       else
+               trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
+                       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT) {
+                               ret = -EINTR;
+                               break;
+                       }
 out:
        bch2_btree_cache_cannibalize_unlock(c);
+
+       trans->in_traverse_all = false;
+
+       trace_trans_traverse_all(trans->ip, trace_ip);
        return ret;
 }
 
 int bch2_btree_iter_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       return __btree_iter_traverse_all(trans, NULL, 0);
+       return __btree_iter_traverse_all(trans, 0, _RET_IP_);
 }
 
-static unsigned btree_iter_up_until_locked(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                          bool check_pos)
+static inline bool btree_iter_good_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                       unsigned l, int check_pos)
+{
+       if (!is_btree_node(iter, l) ||
+           !bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, l))
+               return false;
+
+       if (check_pos < 0 && btree_iter_pos_before_node(iter, iter->l[l].b))
+               return false;
+       if (check_pos > 0 && btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, iter->l[l].b))
+               return false;
+       return true;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned btree_iter_up_until_good_node(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                                    int check_pos)
 {
        unsigned l = iter->level;
 
        while (btree_iter_node(iter, l) &&
-              !(is_btree_node(iter, l) &&
-                bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, l) &&
-                (!check_pos ||
-                 btree_iter_pos_in_node(iter, iter->l[l].b)))) {
+              !btree_iter_good_node(iter, l, check_pos)) {
                btree_node_unlock(iter, l);
-               iter->l[l].b = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+               iter->l[l].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
                l++;
        }
 
@@ -1038,32 +1338,34 @@ static unsigned btree_iter_up_until_locked(struct btree_iter *iter,
  * Returns 0 on success, -EIO on error (error reading in a btree node).
  *
  * On error, caller (peek_node()/peek_key()) must return NULL; the error is
- * stashed in the iterator and returned from bch2_btree_iter_unlock().
+ * stashed in the iterator and returned from bch2_trans_exit().
  */
-int __must_check __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static int btree_iter_traverse_one(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                  unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        unsigned depth_want = iter->level;
-
-       if (unlikely(iter->level >= BTREE_MAX_DEPTH))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter))
-               return 0;
+       int ret = 0;
 
        /*
-        * XXX: correctly using BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE should make using check_pos
-        * here unnecessary
+        * if we need interior nodes locked, call btree_iter_relock() to make
+        * sure we walk back up enough that we lock them:
         */
-       iter->level = btree_iter_up_until_locked(iter, true);
+       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK ||
+           iter->locks_want > 1)
+               bch2_btree_iter_relock(iter, _THIS_IP_);
 
-       /*
-        * If we've got a btree node locked (i.e. we aren't about to relock the
-        * root) - advance its node iterator if necessary:
-        *
-        * XXX correctly using BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE should make this unnecessary
-        */
-       if (btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level))
-               btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, &iter->l[iter->level], -1);
+       if (btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED) {
+               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse_cached(iter);
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       if (iter->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
+               goto out;
+
+       if (unlikely(iter->level >= BTREE_MAX_DEPTH))
+               goto out;
+
+       iter->level = btree_iter_up_until_good_node(iter, 0);
 
        /*
         * Note: iter->nodes[iter->level] may be temporarily NULL here - that
@@ -1072,46 +1374,83 @@ int __must_check __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
         * btree_iter_lock_root() comes next and that it can't fail
         */
        while (iter->level > depth_want) {
-               int ret = btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level)
-                       ? btree_iter_down(iter)
-                       : btree_iter_lock_root(iter, depth_want);
+               ret = btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level)
+                       ? btree_iter_down(iter, trace_ip)
+                       : btree_iter_lock_root(iter, depth_want, trace_ip);
                if (unlikely(ret)) {
-                       if (ret == 1)
-                               return 0;
+                       if (ret == 1) {
+                               /*
+                                * Got to the end of the btree (in
+                                * BTREE_ITER_NODES mode)
+                                */
+                               ret = 0;
+                               goto out;
+                       }
 
                        iter->level = depth_want;
-                       iter->l[iter->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
-                       return ret;
+
+                       if (ret == -EIO) {
+                               iter->flags |= BTREE_ITER_ERROR;
+                               iter->l[iter->level].b =
+                                       BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_ERROR;
+                       } else {
+                               iter->l[iter->level].b =
+                                       BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_DOWN;
+                       }
+                       goto out;
                }
        }
 
        iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK;
-
-       bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(iter->trans);
-       __bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter, iter->l[iter->level].b);
-       return 0;
+out:
+       trace_iter_traverse(iter->trans->ip, trace_ip,
+                           iter->btree_id, &iter->real_pos, ret);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-int __must_check bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static int __must_check __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
        int ret;
 
-       ret = __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+       ret =   bch2_trans_cond_resched(trans) ?:
+               btree_iter_traverse_one(iter, _RET_IP_);
        if (unlikely(ret))
-               ret = __btree_iter_traverse_all(iter->trans, iter, ret);
+               ret = __btree_iter_traverse_all(trans, ret, _RET_IP_);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static inline void bch2_btree_iter_checks(struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                         enum btree_iter_type type)
+/*
+ * Note:
+ * bch2_btree_iter_traverse() is for external users, btree_iter_traverse() is
+ * for internal btree iterator users
+ *
+ * bch2_btree_iter_traverse sets iter->real_pos to iter->pos,
+ * btree_iter_traverse() does not:
+ */
+static inline int __must_check
+btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       EBUG_ON(iter->btree_id >= BTREE_ID_NR);
-       EBUG_ON(!!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) !=
-               (iter->btree_id == BTREE_ID_EXTENTS &&
-                type != BTREE_ITER_NODES));
+       return iter->uptodate >= BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK
+               ? __bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter)
+               : 0;
+}
 
-       bch2_btree_trans_verify_locks(iter->trans);
+int __must_check
+bch2_btree_iter_traverse(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, btree_iter_search_key(iter));
+
+       ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       iter->should_be_locked = true;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* Iterate across nodes (leaf and interior nodes) */
@@ -1121,12 +1460,10 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
        struct btree *b;
        int ret;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
-
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)
-               return iter->l[iter->level].b;
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+       ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
        if (ret)
                return NULL;
 
@@ -1134,20 +1471,23 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
        if (!b)
                return NULL;
 
-       BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(b->key.k.p, iter->pos) < 0);
+       BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(b->key.k.p, iter->pos) < 0);
 
-       iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+       iter->pos = iter->real_pos = b->key.k.p;
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       iter->should_be_locked = true;
 
        return b;
 }
 
-struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned depth)
+struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        struct btree *b;
        int ret;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
        /* already got to end? */
        if (!btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level))
@@ -1155,12 +1495,12 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned depth)
 
        bch2_trans_cond_resched(iter->trans);
 
-       btree_iter_up(iter);
-
-       if (!bch2_btree_node_relock(iter, iter->level))
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK);
+       btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
+       iter->l[iter->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_UP;
+       iter->level++;
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
+       ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
        if (ret)
                return NULL;
 
@@ -1169,75 +1509,61 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter, unsigned depth)
        if (!b)
                return NULL;
 
-       if (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, b->key.k.p) < 0) {
+       if (bpos_cmp(iter->pos, b->key.k.p) < 0) {
                /*
                 * Haven't gotten to the end of the parent node: go back down to
                 * the next child node
                 */
+               btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, bpos_successor(iter->pos));
 
-               /*
-                * We don't really want to be unlocking here except we can't
-                * directly tell btree_iter_traverse() "traverse to this level"
-                * except by setting iter->level, so we have to unlock so we
-                * don't screw up our lock invariants:
-                */
-               if (btree_node_read_locked(iter, iter->level))
-                       btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
-
-               /* ick: */
-               iter->pos       = iter->btree_id == BTREE_ID_INODES
-                       ? btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos)
-                       : bkey_successor(iter->pos);
-               iter->level     = depth;
+               /* Unlock to avoid screwing up our lock invariants: */
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
 
+               iter->level = iter->min_depth;
                btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+               bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+
+               ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
                if (ret)
                        return NULL;
 
                b = iter->l[iter->level].b;
        }
 
-       iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+       iter->pos = iter->real_pos = b->key.k.p;
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       iter->should_be_locked = true;
 
        return b;
 }
 
 /* Iterate across keys (in leaf nodes only) */
 
-void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos_same_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos)
+static void btree_iter_set_search_pos(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-
-       EBUG_ON(iter->level != 0);
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(new_pos, iter->pos) < 0);
-       EBUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(iter, 0));
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(new_pos, l->b->key.k.p) > 0);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       struct bpos old_pos = iter->real_pos;
+#endif
+       int cmp = bpos_cmp(new_pos, iter->real_pos);
+       unsigned l = iter->level;
 
-       iter->pos = new_pos;
-       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+       if (!cmp)
+               goto out;
 
-       btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, l, -1);
+       iter->real_pos = new_pos;
+       iter->should_be_locked = false;
 
-       if (bch2_btree_node_iter_end(&l->iter) &&
-           btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, l->b))
+       if (unlikely(btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED)) {
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, 0);
+               iter->l[0].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_CACHED;
                btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-}
-
-void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos)
-{
-       int cmp = bkey_cmp(new_pos, iter->pos);
-       unsigned level;
-
-       if (!cmp)
                return;
+       }
 
-       iter->pos = new_pos;
-
-       level = btree_iter_up_until_locked(iter, true);
+       l = btree_iter_up_until_good_node(iter, cmp);
 
-       if (btree_iter_node(iter, level)) {
+       if (btree_iter_node(iter, l)) {
                /*
                 * We might have to skip over many keys, or just a few: try
                 * advancing the node iterator, and if we have to skip over too
@@ -1245,546 +1571,632 @@ void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos new_pos)
                 * is expensive).
                 */
                if (cmp < 0 ||
-                   !btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, &iter->l[level], 8))
-                       __btree_iter_init(iter, level);
+                   !btree_iter_advance_to_pos(iter, &iter->l[l], 8))
+                       __btree_iter_init(iter, l);
 
                /* Don't leave it locked if we're not supposed to: */
-               if (btree_lock_want(iter, level) == BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED)
-                       btree_node_unlock(iter, level);
+               if (btree_lock_want(iter, l) == BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED)
+                       btree_node_unlock(iter, l);
        }
-
-       if (level != iter->level)
+out:
+       if (l != iter->level)
                btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
        else
                btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       trace_iter_set_search_pos(iter->trans->ip, _RET_IP_,
+                                 iter->btree_id,
+                                 &old_pos, &new_pos, l);
+#endif
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_iter_peek_uptodate(struct btree_iter *iter)
+inline bool bch2_btree_iter_advance(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c ret = { .k = &iter->k };
-
-       if (!bkey_deleted(&iter->k)) {
-               EBUG_ON(bch2_btree_node_iter_end(&l->iter));
-               ret.v = bkeyp_val(&l->b->format,
-                       __bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b));
-       }
+       struct bpos pos = iter->k.p;
+       bool ret = bpos_cmp(pos, POS_MAX) != 0;
 
-       if (debug_check_bkeys(iter->trans->c) &&
-           !bkey_deleted(ret.k))
-               bch2_bkey_debugcheck(iter->trans->c, l->b, ret);
+       if (ret && !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
+               pos = bkey_successor(iter, pos);
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
        return ret;
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter)
+inline bool bch2_btree_iter_rewind(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       int ret;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
-
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)
-               return btree_iter_peek_uptodate(iter);
-
-       while (1) {
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       struct bpos pos = bkey_start_pos(&iter->k);
+       bool ret = bpos_cmp(pos, POS_MIN) != 0;
 
-               k = __btree_iter_peek(iter, l);
-               if (likely(k.k))
-                       break;
-
-               /* got to the end of the leaf, iterator needs to be traversed: */
-               iter->pos       = l->b->key.k.p;
-               iter->uptodate  = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
-
-               if (!bkey_cmp(iter->pos, POS_MAX))
-                       return bkey_s_c_null;
+       if (ret && !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
+               pos = bkey_predecessor(iter, pos);
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-               iter->pos = btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos);
-       }
+static inline bool btree_iter_set_pos_to_next_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct bpos next_pos = iter->l[0].b->key.k.p;
+       bool ret = bpos_cmp(next_pos, POS_MAX) != 0;
 
        /*
-        * iter->pos should always be equal to the key we just
-        * returned - except extents can straddle iter->pos:
+        * Typically, we don't want to modify iter->pos here, since that
+        * indicates where we searched from - unless we got to the end of the
+        * btree, in that case we want iter->pos to reflect that:
         */
-       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) ||
-           bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0)
-               iter->pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
+       if (ret)
+               btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, bpos_successor(next_pos));
+       else
+               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, POS_MAX);
 
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-       return k;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static noinline
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_next_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static inline bool btree_iter_set_pos_to_prev_leaf(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-
-       iter->pos       = l->b->key.k.p;
-       iter->uptodate  = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
+       struct bpos next_pos = iter->l[0].b->data->min_key;
+       bool ret = bpos_cmp(next_pos, POS_MIN) != 0;
 
-       if (!bkey_cmp(iter->pos, POS_MAX))
-               return bkey_s_c_null;
-
-       iter->pos = btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos);
+       if (ret)
+               btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, bpos_predecessor(next_pos));
+       else
+               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, POS_MIN);
 
-       return bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next(struct btree_iter *iter)
+static inline struct bkey_i *btree_trans_peek_updates(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                                     struct bpos pos)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_packed *p;
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
-
-       if (unlikely(iter->uptodate != BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)) {
-               k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
-               if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(k.k))
-                       return k;
-       }
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
 
-       do {
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&l->iter, l->b);
-               p = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
-               if (unlikely(!p))
-                       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_next_leaf(iter);
-       } while (bkey_whiteout(p));
+       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES))
+               return NULL;
 
-       k = __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k, p);
+       trans_for_each_update(iter->trans, i)
+               if ((cmp_int(iter->btree_id,    i->iter->btree_id) ?:
+                    bkey_cmp(pos,              i->k->k.p)) <= 0) {
+                       if (iter->btree_id ==   i->iter->btree_id)
+                               return i->k;
+                       break;
+               }
 
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) < 0);
-       iter->pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
-       return k;
+       return NULL;
 }
 
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_peek: returns first key greater than or equal to iterator's
+ * current position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_packed *p;
+       struct bpos search_key = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
+       struct bkey_i *next_update;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
        int ret;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
-
-       if (unlikely(iter->uptodate != BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)) {
-               k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
-               if (IS_ERR(k.k))
-                       return k;
-       }
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+start:
+       next_update = btree_trans_peek_updates(iter, search_key);
+       btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, search_key);
 
        while (1) {
-               p = bch2_btree_node_iter_prev(&l->iter, l->b);
-               if (likely(p))
-                       break;
+               ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+               if (unlikely(ret))
+                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
 
-               iter->pos = l->b->data->min_key;
-               if (!bkey_cmp(iter->pos, POS_MIN))
-                       return bkey_s_c_null;
+               k = btree_iter_level_peek(iter, &iter->l[0]);
 
-               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter,
-                       btree_type_predecessor(iter->btree_id, iter->pos));
+               if (next_update &&
+                   bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p, iter->real_pos) <= 0) {
+                       iter->k = next_update->k;
+                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
+               }
 
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+               if (likely(k.k)) {
+                       if (bkey_deleted(k.k)) {
+                               search_key = bkey_successor(iter, k.k->p);
+                               goto start;
+                       }
 
-               p = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b);
-               if (p)
                        break;
-       }
+               }
 
-       k = __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k, p);
+               if (!btree_iter_set_pos_to_next_leaf(iter))
+                       return bkey_s_c_null;
+       }
 
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0);
+       /*
+        * iter->pos should be mononotically increasing, and always be equal to
+        * the key we just returned - except extents can straddle iter->pos:
+        */
+       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
+               iter->pos = k.k->p;
+       else if (bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0)
+               iter->pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
 
-       iter->pos       = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
-       iter->uptodate  = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       iter->should_be_locked = true;
        return k;
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c
-__bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot_extents(struct btree_iter *iter)
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_next: returns first key greater than iterator's current
+ * position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_advance(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
+
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+}
+
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev: returns first key less than or equal to
+ * iterator's current position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct btree_node_iter node_iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct bkey n;
        int ret;
 
-recheck:
-       while ((k = __btree_iter_peek_all(iter, l, &iter->k)).k &&
-              bkey_deleted(k.k) &&
-              bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) == 0)
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&l->iter, l->b);
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_KEYS);
+       EBUG_ON(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
 
-       /*
-        * iterator is now at the correct position for inserting at iter->pos,
-        * but we need to keep iterating until we find the first non whiteout so
-        * we know how big a hole we have, if any:
-        */
+       btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, iter->pos);
+
+       while (1) {
+               ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+               if (unlikely(ret)) {
+                       k = bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+                       goto no_key;
+               }
+
+               k = btree_iter_level_peek(iter, l);
+               if (!k.k ||
+                   ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
+                    ? bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) >= 0
+                    : bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) > 0))
+                       k = btree_iter_level_prev(iter, l);
+
+               if (likely(k.k))
+                       break;
 
-       node_iter = l->iter;
-       if (k.k && bkey_whiteout(k.k))
-               k = __btree_iter_unpack(iter, l, &iter->k,
-                       bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&node_iter, l->b));
+               if (!btree_iter_set_pos_to_prev_leaf(iter)) {
+                       k = bkey_s_c_null;
+                       goto no_key;
+               }
+       }
+
+       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0);
 
+       /* Extents can straddle iter->pos: */
+       if (bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) < 0)
+               iter->pos = k.k->p;
+out:
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       iter->should_be_locked = true;
+       return k;
+no_key:
        /*
-        * If we got to the end of the node, check if we need to traverse to the
-        * next node:
+        * btree_iter_level_peek() may have set iter->k to a key we didn't want, and
+        * then we errored going to the previous leaf - make sure it's
+        * consistent with iter->pos:
         */
-       if (unlikely(!k.k && btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, l->b))) {
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       bkey_init(&iter->k);
+       iter->k.p = iter->pos;
+       goto out;
+}
 
-               goto recheck;
-       }
+/**
+ * bch2_btree_iter_prev: returns first key less than iterator's current
+ * position
+ */
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_rewind(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       if (k.k &&
-           !bkey_whiteout(k.k) &&
-           bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) <= 0) {
-               /*
-                * if we skipped forward to find the first non whiteout and
-                * there _wasn't_ actually a hole, we want the iterator to be
-                * pointed at the key we found:
-                */
-               l->iter = node_iter;
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(iter);
+}
 
-               EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) < 0);
-               EBUG_ON(bkey_deleted(k.k));
-               iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-               return k;
-       }
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct bpos search_key;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+       int ret;
 
-       /* hole */
+       EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_KEYS &&
+               btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_CACHED);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
 
-       /* holes can't span inode numbers: */
-       if (iter->pos.offset == KEY_OFFSET_MAX) {
+       /* extents can't span inode numbers: */
+       if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+           unlikely(iter->pos.offset == KEY_OFFSET_MAX)) {
                if (iter->pos.inode == KEY_INODE_MAX)
                        return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-               iter->pos = bkey_successor(iter->pos);
-               goto recheck;
+               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, bpos_nosnap_successor(iter->pos));
        }
 
-       if (!k.k)
-               k.k = &l->b->key.k;
+       search_key = btree_iter_search_key(iter);
+       btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, search_key);
 
-       bkey_init(&n);
-       n.p = iter->pos;
-       bch2_key_resize(&n,
-                       min_t(u64, KEY_SIZE_MAX,
-                             (k.k->p.inode == n.p.inode
-                              ? bkey_start_offset(k.k)
-                              : KEY_OFFSET_MAX) -
-                             n.p.offset));
+       ret = btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+       if (unlikely(ret))
+               return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
 
-       EBUG_ON(!n.size);
+       if (btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED ||
+           !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)) {
+               struct bkey_i *next_update;
+               struct bkey_cached *ck;
 
-       iter->k = n;
-       iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-       return (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
-}
+               switch (btree_iter_type(iter)) {
+               case BTREE_ITER_KEYS:
+                       k = btree_iter_level_peek_all(iter, &iter->l[0]);
+                       EBUG_ON(k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k) && bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) == 0);
+                       break;
+               case BTREE_ITER_CACHED:
+                       ck = (void *) iter->l[0].b;
+                       EBUG_ON(iter->btree_id != ck->key.btree_id ||
+                               bkey_cmp(iter->pos, ck->key.pos));
+                       BUG_ON(!ck->valid);
 
-static inline struct bkey_s_c
-__bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
-       struct bkey_s_c k;
-       int ret;
+                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k);
+                       break;
+               case BTREE_ITER_NODES:
+                       BUG();
+               }
 
-       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
-               return __bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot_extents(iter);
+               next_update = btree_trans_peek_updates(iter, search_key);
+               if (next_update &&
+                   (!k.k || bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p, k.k->p) <= 0)) {
+                       iter->k = next_update->k;
+                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
+               }
+       } else {
+               if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT)) {
+                       struct btree_iter *child =
+                               btree_iter_child_alloc(iter, _THIS_IP_);
 
-recheck:
-       while ((k = __btree_iter_peek_all(iter, l, &iter->k)).k &&
-              bkey_deleted(k.k) &&
-              bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) == 0)
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&l->iter, l->b);
+                       btree_iter_copy(child, iter);
+                       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(child);
 
-       /*
-        * If we got to the end of the node, check if we need to traverse to the
-        * next node:
-        */
-       if (unlikely(!k.k && btree_iter_pos_after_node(iter, l->b))) {
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (unlikely(ret))
-                       return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+                       if (k.k && !bkey_err(k))
+                               iter->k = child->k;
+               } else {
+                       struct bpos pos = iter->pos;
+
+                       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+                       iter->pos = pos;
+               }
 
-               goto recheck;
+               if (unlikely(bkey_err(k)))
+                       return k;
        }
 
-       if (k.k &&
-           !bkey_deleted(k.k) &&
-           !bkey_cmp(iter->pos, k.k->p)) {
-               iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-               return k;
+       if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)) {
+               if (!k.k ||
+                   ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS)
+                    ? bpos_cmp(iter->pos, k.k->p)
+                    : bkey_cmp(iter->pos, k.k->p))) {
+                       bkey_init(&iter->k);
+                       iter->k.p = iter->pos;
+                       k = (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
+               }
        } else {
-               /* hole */
-               bkey_init(&iter->k);
-               iter->k.p = iter->pos;
-
-               iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
-               return (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
+               struct bpos next = k.k ? bkey_start_pos(k.k) : POS_MAX;
+
+               if (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, next) < 0) {
+                       bkey_init(&iter->k);
+                       iter->k.p = iter->pos;
+                       bch2_key_resize(&iter->k,
+                                       min_t(u64, KEY_SIZE_MAX,
+                                             (next.inode == iter->pos.inode
+                                              ? next.offset
+                                              : KEY_OFFSET_MAX) -
+                                             iter->pos.offset));
+
+                       k = (struct bkey_s_c) { &iter->k, NULL };
+                       EBUG_ON(!k.k->size);
+               }
        }
-}
-
-struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
-
-       if (iter->uptodate == BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)
-               return btree_iter_peek_uptodate(iter);
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-       if (unlikely(ret))
-               return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
+       bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
+       iter->should_be_locked = true;
 
-       return __bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+       return k;
 }
 
 struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       bch2_btree_iter_checks(iter, BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
-
-       iter->pos = btree_type_successor(iter->btree_id, iter->k.p);
-
-       if (unlikely(iter->uptodate != BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE)) {
-               /*
-                * XXX: when we just need to relock we should be able to avoid
-                * calling traverse, but we need to kill BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK
-                * for that to work
-                */
-               btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
-
-               return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
-       }
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_advance(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       if (!bkey_deleted(&iter->k))
-               bch2_btree_node_iter_advance(&iter->l[0].iter, iter->l[0].b);
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+}
 
-       btree_iter_set_dirty(iter, BTREE_ITER_NEED_PEEK);
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       if (!bch2_btree_iter_rewind(iter))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
 
-       return __bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+       return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
 }
 
 static inline void bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct btree_iter *iter, enum btree_id btree_id,
-                       struct bpos pos, unsigned flags)
+                       struct btree_iter *iter, enum btree_id btree_id)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        unsigned i;
 
-       if (btree_id == BTREE_ID_EXTENTS &&
-           !(flags & BTREE_ITER_NODES))
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
-
        iter->trans                     = trans;
-       iter->pos                       = pos;
-       bkey_init(&iter->k);
-       iter->k.p                       = pos;
-       iter->flags                     = flags;
        iter->uptodate                  = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
        iter->btree_id                  = btree_id;
+       iter->real_pos                  = POS_MIN;
        iter->level                     = 0;
-       iter->locks_want                = flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT ? 1 : 0;
+       iter->min_depth                 = 0;
+       iter->locks_want                = 0;
        iter->nodes_locked              = 0;
        iter->nodes_intent_locked       = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(iter->l); i++)
-               iter->l[i].b            = NULL;
-       iter->l[iter->level].b          = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+               iter->l[i].b            = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_INIT;
 
        prefetch(c->btree_roots[btree_id].b);
 }
 
 /* new transactional stuff: */
 
-int bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct btree_iter *iter)
+static void btree_iter_child_free(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       int ret = btree_iter_err(iter);
+       struct btree_iter *child = btree_iter_child(iter);
 
-       trans->iters_live       &= ~(1ULL << iter->idx);
-       return ret;
+       if (child) {
+               bch2_trans_iter_free(iter->trans, child);
+               iter->child_idx = U8_MAX;
+       }
+}
+
+static struct btree_iter *btree_iter_child_alloc(struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                                unsigned long ip)
+{
+       struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
+       struct btree_iter *child = btree_iter_child(iter);
+
+       if (!child) {
+               child = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
+               child->ip_allocated     = ip;
+               iter->child_idx         = child->idx;
+
+               trans->iters_live       |= 1ULL << child->idx;
+               trans->iters_touched    |= 1ULL << child->idx;
+       }
+
+       return child;
 }
 
 static inline void __bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                          unsigned idx)
 {
+       btree_iter_child_free(&trans->iters[idx]);
+
        __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&trans->iters[idx]);
        trans->iters_linked             &= ~(1ULL << idx);
        trans->iters_live               &= ~(1ULL << idx);
        trans->iters_touched            &= ~(1ULL << idx);
-       trans->iters_unlink_on_restart  &= ~(1ULL << idx);
-       trans->iters_unlink_on_commit   &= ~(1ULL << idx);
+}
+
+int bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                       struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       int ret;
+
+       if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(iter))
+               return 0;
+
+       BUG_ON(trans->iters + iter->idx != iter);
+       BUG_ON(!btree_iter_live(trans, iter));
+
+       ret = btree_iter_err(iter);
+
+       if (!(trans->iters_touched & (1ULL << iter->idx)) &&
+           !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT))
+               __bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter->idx);
+
+       trans->iters_live       &= ~(1ULL << iter->idx);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 int bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
                         struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       int ret = btree_iter_err(iter);
+       if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(iter))
+               return 0;
 
-       __bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter->idx);
-       return ret;
+       set_btree_iter_dontneed(trans, iter);
+
+       return bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                  struct btree_iter *iter)
+noinline __cold
+static void btree_trans_iter_alloc_fail(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       int ret = btree_iter_err(iter);
 
-       trans->iters_unlink_on_commit |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
-       return ret;
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
+       char buf[100];
+
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
+               printk(KERN_ERR "iter: btree %s pos %s%s%s%s %pS\n",
+                      bch2_btree_ids[iter->btree_id],
+                      (bch2_bpos_to_text(&PBUF(buf), iter->pos), buf),
+                      btree_iter_live(trans, iter) ? " live" : "",
+                      (trans->iters_touched & (1ULL << iter->idx)) ? " touched" : "",
+                      iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT ? " keep" : "",
+                      (void *) iter->ip_allocated);
+
+       trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {
+               char buf[300];
+
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), trans->c, bkey_i_to_s_c(i->k));
+               printk(KERN_ERR "update: btree %s %s\n",
+                      bch2_btree_ids[i->iter->btree_id], buf);
+       }
+       panic("trans iter oveflow\n");
 }
 
-static int btree_trans_realloc_iters(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                    unsigned new_size)
+static struct btree_iter *btree_trans_iter_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       void *new_iters, *new_updates;
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       unsigned idx;
 
-       BUG_ON(new_size > BTREE_ITER_MAX);
+       if (unlikely(trans->iters_linked ==
+                    ~((~0ULL << 1) << (BTREE_ITER_MAX - 1))))
+               btree_trans_iter_alloc_fail(trans);
 
-       if (new_size <= trans->size)
-               return 0;
+       idx = __ffs64(~trans->iters_linked);
+       iter = &trans->iters[idx];
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->used_mempool);
+       iter->trans             = trans;
+       iter->idx               = idx;
+       iter->child_idx         = U8_MAX;
+       iter->flags             = 0;
+       iter->nodes_locked      = 0;
+       iter->nodes_intent_locked = 0;
+       trans->iters_linked     |= 1ULL << idx;
+       return iter;
+}
 
-       bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+static void btree_iter_copy(struct btree_iter *dst, struct btree_iter *src)
+{
+       unsigned i;
 
-       new_iters = kmalloc(sizeof(struct btree_iter) * new_size +
-                           sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * (new_size + 4),
-                           GFP_NOFS);
-       if (new_iters)
-               goto success;
+       __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(dst);
+       btree_iter_child_free(dst);
 
-       new_iters = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_iters_pool, GFP_NOFS);
-       new_size = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       memcpy(&dst->flags, &src->flags,
+              sizeof(struct btree_iter) - offsetof(struct btree_iter, flags));
 
-       trans->used_mempool = true;
-success:
-       new_updates = new_iters + sizeof(struct btree_iter) * new_size;
+       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
+               if (btree_node_locked(dst, i))
+                       six_lock_increment(&dst->l[i].b->c.lock,
+                                          __btree_lock_want(dst, i));
 
-       memcpy(new_iters, trans->iters,
-              sizeof(struct btree_iter) * trans->nr_iters);
-       memcpy(new_updates, trans->updates,
-              sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * trans->nr_updates);
+       dst->flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT;
+       dst->flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_SET_POS_AFTER_COMMIT;
+}
 
-       if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG))
-               memset(trans->iters, POISON_FREE,
-                      sizeof(struct btree_iter) * trans->nr_iters +
-                      sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * trans->nr_iters);
+struct btree_iter *__bch2_trans_get_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                        unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
+                                        unsigned locks_want,
+                                        unsigned depth,
+                                        unsigned flags)
+{
+       struct btree_iter *iter, *best = NULL;
+       struct bpos real_pos, pos_min = POS_MIN;
+
+       if ((flags & BTREE_ITER_TYPE) != BTREE_ITER_NODES &&
+           btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_id) &&
+           !(flags & BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS) &&
+           !(flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS))
+               flags |= BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
 
-       if (trans->iters != trans->iters_onstack)
-               kfree(trans->iters);
+       if ((flags & BTREE_ITER_TYPE) != BTREE_ITER_NODES &&
+           !btree_type_has_snapshots(btree_id))
+               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS;
 
-       trans->iters    = new_iters;
-       trans->updates  = new_updates;
-       trans->size     = new_size;
+       if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS))
+               pos.snapshot = btree_type_has_snapshots(btree_id)
+                       ? U32_MAX : 0;
 
-       if (trans->iters_live) {
-               trans_restart();
-               return -EINTR;
-       }
+       real_pos = pos;
 
-       return 0;
-}
+       if ((flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
+           bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MAX))
+               real_pos = bpos_nosnap_successor(pos);
 
-void bch2_trans_preload_iters(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
-       btree_trans_realloc_iters(trans, BTREE_ITER_MAX);
-}
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter) {
+               if (btree_iter_type(iter) != (flags & BTREE_ITER_TYPE))
+                       continue;
 
-static int btree_trans_iter_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
-       unsigned idx = __ffs64(~trans->iters_linked);
+               if (iter->btree_id != btree_id)
+                       continue;
 
-       if (idx < trans->nr_iters)
-               goto got_slot;
+               if (best) {
+                       int cmp = bkey_cmp(bpos_diff(best->real_pos, real_pos),
+                                          bpos_diff(iter->real_pos, real_pos));
 
-       if (trans->nr_iters == trans->size) {
-               int ret = btree_trans_realloc_iters(trans, trans->size * 2);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
+                       if (cmp < 0 ||
+                           ((cmp == 0 && btree_iter_keep(trans, iter))))
+                               continue;
+               }
+
+               best = iter;
        }
 
-       idx = trans->nr_iters++;
-       BUG_ON(trans->nr_iters > trans->size);
+       if (!best) {
+               iter = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
+               bch2_btree_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id);
+       } else if (btree_iter_keep(trans, best)) {
+               iter = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
+               btree_iter_copy(iter, best);
+       } else {
+               iter = best;
+       }
 
-       trans->iters[idx].idx = idx;
-got_slot:
-       BUG_ON(trans->iters_linked & (1ULL << idx));
-       trans->iters_linked |= 1ULL << idx;
-       return idx;
-}
+       trans->iters_live       |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
+       trans->iters_touched    |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
 
-static struct btree_iter *__btree_trans_get_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                                unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
-                                                unsigned flags, u64 iter_id)
-{
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
-       int idx;
+       iter->flags = flags;
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->nr_iters > BTREE_ITER_MAX);
+       iter->snapshot = pos.snapshot;
 
-       for (idx = 0; idx < trans->nr_iters; idx++) {
-               if (!(trans->iters_linked & (1ULL << idx)))
-                       continue;
+       /*
+        * If the iterator has locks_want greater than requested, we explicitly
+        * do not downgrade it here - on transaction restart because btree node
+        * split needs to upgrade locks, we might be putting/getting the
+        * iterator again. Downgrading iterators only happens via an explicit
+        * bch2_trans_downgrade().
+        */
 
-               iter = &trans->iters[idx];
-               if (iter_id
-                   ? iter->id == iter_id
-                   : (iter->btree_id == btree_id &&
-                      !bkey_cmp(iter->pos, pos)))
-                       goto found;
+       locks_want = min(locks_want, BTREE_MAX_DEPTH);
+       if (locks_want > iter->locks_want) {
+               iter->locks_want = locks_want;
+               btree_iter_get_locks(iter, true, _THIS_IP_);
        }
-       idx = -1;
-found:
-       if (idx < 0) {
-               idx = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
-               if (idx < 0)
-                       return ERR_PTR(idx);
-
-               iter = &trans->iters[idx];
-               iter->id = iter_id;
 
-               bch2_btree_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id, pos, flags);
-       } else {
-               iter = &trans->iters[idx];
-
-               iter->flags &= ~(BTREE_ITER_INTENT|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
-               iter->flags |= flags & (BTREE_ITER_INTENT|BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
+       while (iter->level != depth) {
+               btree_node_unlock(iter, iter->level);
+               iter->l[iter->level].b = BTREE_ITER_NO_NODE_INIT;
+               iter->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
+               if (iter->level < depth)
+                       iter->level++;
+               else
+                       iter->level--;
        }
 
-       BUG_ON(iter->btree_id != btree_id);
-       BUG_ON(trans->iters_live & (1ULL << idx));
-       trans->iters_live       |= 1ULL << idx;
-       trans->iters_touched    |= 1ULL << idx;
+       iter->min_depth = depth;
 
-       BUG_ON(iter->btree_id != btree_id);
-       BUG_ON((iter->flags ^ flags) & BTREE_ITER_TYPE);
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
+       btree_iter_set_search_pos(iter, real_pos);
 
-       return iter;
-}
+       trace_trans_get_iter(_RET_IP_, trans->ip,
+                            btree_id,
+                            &real_pos, locks_want, iter->uptodate,
+                            best ? &best->real_pos     : &pos_min,
+                            best ? best->locks_want    : U8_MAX,
+                            best ? best->uptodate      : U8_MAX);
 
-struct btree_iter *__bch2_trans_get_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                        enum btree_id btree_id,
-                                        struct bpos pos, unsigned flags,
-                                        u64 iter_id)
-{
-       struct btree_iter *iter =
-               __btree_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos, flags, iter_id);
-
-       if (!IS_ERR(iter))
-               bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
        return iter;
 }
 
@@ -1796,60 +2208,58 @@ struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_get_node_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                            unsigned flags)
 {
        struct btree_iter *iter =
-               __btree_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos,
-                                      flags|BTREE_ITER_NODES, 0);
-       unsigned i;
+               __bch2_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos,
+                                     locks_want, depth,
+                                     BTREE_ITER_NODES|
+                                     BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS|
+                                     BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|
+                                     flags);
 
-       BUG_ON(IS_ERR(iter));
        BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(iter->pos, pos));
-
-       iter->locks_want = locks_want;
-       iter->level     = depth;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(iter->l); i++)
-               iter->l[i].b            = NULL;
-       iter->l[iter->level].b          = BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+       BUG_ON(iter->locks_want != min(locks_want, BTREE_MAX_DEPTH));
+       BUG_ON(iter->level      != depth);
+       BUG_ON(iter->min_depth  != depth);
+       iter->ip_allocated = _RET_IP_;
 
        return iter;
 }
 
-struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_copy_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
+struct btree_iter *__bch2_trans_copy_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                        struct btree_iter *src)
 {
        struct btree_iter *iter;
-       int i, idx;
-
-       idx = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
-       if (idx < 0)
-               return ERR_PTR(idx);
 
-       trans->iters_live               |= 1ULL << idx;
-       trans->iters_touched            |= 1ULL << idx;
-       trans->iters_unlink_on_restart  |= 1ULL << idx;
+       iter = btree_trans_iter_alloc(trans);
+       btree_iter_copy(iter, src);
 
-       iter = &trans->iters[idx];
-
-       memcpy(&iter->trans,
-              &src->trans,
-              (void *) &iter[1] - (void *) &iter->trans);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; i++)
-               if (btree_node_locked(iter, i))
-                       six_lock_increment(&iter->l[i].b->lock,
-                                          __btree_lock_want(iter, i));
+       trans->iters_live |= 1ULL << iter->idx;
+       /*
+        * We don't need to preserve this iter since it's cheap to copy it
+        * again - this will cause trans_iter_put() to free it right away:
+        */
+       set_btree_iter_dontneed(trans, iter);
 
-       return &trans->iters[idx];
+       return iter;
 }
 
-void *bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                        size_t size)
+void *bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
 {
-       void *ret;
+       size_t new_top = trans->mem_top + size;
+       void *p;
 
-       if (trans->mem_top + size > trans->mem_bytes) {
+       if (new_top > trans->mem_bytes) {
                size_t old_bytes = trans->mem_bytes;
-               size_t new_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(trans->mem_top + size);
-               void *new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+               size_t new_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(new_top);
+               void *new_mem;
+
+               WARN_ON_ONCE(new_bytes > BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX);
+
+               new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+               if (!new_mem && new_bytes <= BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX) {
+                       new_mem = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_trans_mem_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       new_bytes = BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX;
+                       kfree(trans->mem);
+               }
 
                if (!new_mem)
                        return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
@@ -1858,38 +2268,22 @@ void *bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
                trans->mem_bytes = new_bytes;
 
                if (old_bytes) {
-                       trans_restart();
+                       trace_trans_restart_mem_realloced(trans->ip, _RET_IP_, new_bytes);
                        return ERR_PTR(-EINTR);
                }
        }
 
-       ret = trans->mem + trans->mem_top;
+       p = trans->mem + trans->mem_top;
        trans->mem_top += size;
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int bch2_trans_unlock(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
-       u64 iters = trans->iters_linked;
-       int ret = 0;
-
-       while (iters) {
-               unsigned idx = __ffs64(iters);
-               struct btree_iter *iter = &trans->iters[idx];
-
-               ret = ret ?: btree_iter_err(iter);
-
-               __bch2_btree_iter_unlock(iter);
-               iters ^= 1ULL << idx;
-       }
-
-       return ret;
+       memset(p, 0, size);
+       return p;
 }
 
-inline void bch2_trans_unlink_iters(struct btree_trans *trans, u64 iters)
+inline void bch2_trans_unlink_iters(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       iters &= trans->iters_linked;
-       iters &= ~trans->iters_live;
+       u64 iters = trans->iters_linked &
+               ~trans->iters_touched &
+               ~trans->iters_live;
 
        while (iters) {
                unsigned idx = __ffs64(iters);
@@ -1899,58 +2293,263 @@ inline void bch2_trans_unlink_iters(struct btree_trans *trans, u64 iters)
        }
 }
 
-void __bch2_trans_begin(struct btree_trans *trans)
+void bch2_trans_reset(struct btree_trans *trans, unsigned flags)
 {
-       u64 iters_to_unlink;
-
-       /*
-        * On transaction restart, the transaction isn't required to allocate
-        * all the same iterators it on the last iteration:
-        *
-        * Unlink any iterators it didn't use this iteration, assuming it got
-        * further (allocated an iter with a higher idx) than where the iter
-        * was originally allocated:
-        */
-       iters_to_unlink = ~trans->iters_live &
-               ((1ULL << fls64(trans->iters_live)) - 1);
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
 
-       iters_to_unlink |= trans->iters_unlink_on_restart;
-       iters_to_unlink |= trans->iters_unlink_on_commit;
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter) {
+               iter->flags &= ~(BTREE_ITER_KEEP_UNTIL_COMMIT|
+                                BTREE_ITER_SET_POS_AFTER_COMMIT);
+               iter->should_be_locked = false;
+       }
 
-       trans->iters_live               = 0;
+       bch2_trans_unlink_iters(trans);
 
-       bch2_trans_unlink_iters(trans, iters_to_unlink);
+       trans->iters_touched &= trans->iters_live;
 
-       trans->iters_touched            = 0;
-       trans->iters_unlink_on_restart  = 0;
-       trans->iters_unlink_on_commit   = 0;
+       trans->extra_journal_res        = 0;
        trans->nr_updates               = 0;
        trans->mem_top                  = 0;
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_traverse_all(trans);
+       trans->hooks                    = NULL;
+       trans->extra_journal_entries    = NULL;
+       trans->extra_journal_entry_u64s = 0;
+
+       if (trans->fs_usage_deltas) {
+               trans->fs_usage_deltas->used = 0;
+               memset(&trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start, 0,
+                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_end -
+                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start);
+       }
+
+       if (!(flags & TRANS_RESET_NOUNLOCK))
+               bch2_trans_cond_resched(trans);
+
+       if (!(flags & TRANS_RESET_NOTRAVERSE) &&
+           trans->iters_linked)
+               bch2_btree_iter_traverse_all(trans);
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c)
+static void bch2_trans_alloc_iters(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       memset(trans, 0, offsetof(struct btree_trans, iters_onstack));
+       size_t iters_bytes      = sizeof(struct btree_iter) * BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       size_t updates_bytes    = sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       void *p = NULL;
+
+       BUG_ON(trans->used_mempool);
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+       p = this_cpu_xchg(c->btree_iters_bufs->iter, NULL);
+#endif
+       if (!p)
+               p = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_iters_pool, GFP_NOFS);
 
+       trans->iters            = p; p += iters_bytes;
+       trans->updates          = p; p += updates_bytes;
+}
+
+void bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c,
+                    unsigned expected_nr_iters,
+                    size_t expected_mem_bytes)
+       __acquires(&c->btree_trans_barrier)
+{
+       memset(trans, 0, sizeof(*trans));
        trans->c                = c;
-       trans->size             = ARRAY_SIZE(trans->iters_onstack);
-       trans->iters            = trans->iters_onstack;
-       trans->updates          = trans->updates_onstack;
+       trans->ip               = _RET_IP_;
+
+       /*
+        * reallocating iterators currently completely breaks
+        * bch2_trans_iter_put(), we always allocate the max:
+        */
+       bch2_trans_alloc_iters(trans, c);
+
+       if (expected_mem_bytes) {
+               trans->mem_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(expected_mem_bytes);
+               trans->mem = kmalloc(trans->mem_bytes, GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_NOFAIL);
+
+               if (!unlikely(trans->mem)) {
+                       trans->mem = mempool_alloc(&c->btree_trans_mem_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       trans->mem_bytes = BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX;
+               }
+       }
+
+       trans->srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       trans->pid = current->pid;
+       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       list_add(&trans->list, &c->btree_trans_list);
+       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+#endif
 }
 
 int bch2_trans_exit(struct btree_trans *trans)
+       __releases(&c->btree_trans_barrier)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+
        bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
 
-       kfree(trans->mem);
-       if (trans->used_mempool)
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       if (trans->iters_live) {
+               struct btree_iter *iter;
+
+               trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
+                       btree_iter_child_free(iter);
+       }
+
+       if (trans->iters_live) {
+               struct btree_iter *iter;
+
+               bch_err(c, "btree iterators leaked!");
+               trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
+                       if (btree_iter_live(trans, iter))
+                               printk(KERN_ERR "  btree %s allocated at %pS\n",
+                                      bch2_btree_ids[iter->btree_id],
+                                      (void *) iter->ip_allocated);
+               /* Be noisy about this: */
+               bch2_fatal_error(c);
+       }
+
+       mutex_lock(&trans->c->btree_trans_lock);
+       list_del(&trans->list);
+       mutex_unlock(&trans->c->btree_trans_lock);
+#endif
+
+       srcu_read_unlock(&c->btree_trans_barrier, trans->srcu_idx);
+
+       bch2_journal_preres_put(&trans->c->journal, &trans->journal_preres);
+
+       if (trans->fs_usage_deltas) {
+               if (trans->fs_usage_deltas->size + sizeof(trans->fs_usage_deltas) ==
+                   REPLICAS_DELTA_LIST_MAX)
+                       mempool_free(trans->fs_usage_deltas,
+                                    &trans->c->replicas_delta_pool);
+               else
+                       kfree(trans->fs_usage_deltas);
+       }
+
+       if (trans->mem_bytes == BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX)
+               mempool_free(trans->mem, &trans->c->btree_trans_mem_pool);
+       else
+               kfree(trans->mem);
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+       /*
+        * Userspace doesn't have a real percpu implementation:
+        */
+       trans->iters = this_cpu_xchg(c->btree_iters_bufs->iter, trans->iters);
+#endif
+
+       if (trans->iters)
                mempool_free(trans->iters, &trans->c->btree_iters_pool);
-       else if (trans->iters != trans->iters_onstack)
-               kfree(trans->iters);
+
        trans->mem      = (void *) 0x1;
        trans->iters    = (void *) 0x1;
 
        return trans->error ? -EIO : 0;
 }
+
+static void __maybe_unused
+bch2_btree_iter_node_to_text(struct printbuf *out,
+                            struct btree_bkey_cached_common *_b,
+                            enum btree_iter_type type)
+{
+       pr_buf(out, "    l=%u %s:",
+              _b->level, bch2_btree_ids[_b->btree_id]);
+       bch2_bpos_to_text(out, btree_node_pos(_b, type));
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+static bool trans_has_btree_nodes_locked(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
+
+       trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter)
+               if (btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_CACHED &&
+                   iter->nodes_locked)
+                       return true;
+       return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+void bch2_btree_trans_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+       struct btree_trans *trans;
+       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree *b;
+       unsigned l;
+
+       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       list_for_each_entry(trans, &c->btree_trans_list, list) {
+               if (!trans_has_btree_nodes_locked(trans))
+                       continue;
+
+               pr_buf(out, "%i %ps\n", trans->pid, (void *) trans->ip);
+
+               trans_for_each_iter(trans, iter) {
+                       if (!iter->nodes_locked)
+                               continue;
+
+                       pr_buf(out, "  iter %u %c %s:",
+                              iter->idx,
+                              btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED ? 'c' : 'b',
+                              bch2_btree_ids[iter->btree_id]);
+                       bch2_bpos_to_text(out, iter->pos);
+                       pr_buf(out, "\n");
+
+                       for (l = 0; l < BTREE_MAX_DEPTH; l++) {
+                               if (btree_node_locked(iter, l)) {
+                                       pr_buf(out, "    %s l=%u ",
+                                              btree_node_intent_locked(iter, l) ? "i" : "r", l);
+                                       bch2_btree_iter_node_to_text(out,
+                                                       (void *) iter->l[l].b,
+                                                       btree_iter_type(iter));
+                                       pr_buf(out, "\n");
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               b = READ_ONCE(trans->locking);
+               if (b) {
+                       iter = &trans->iters[trans->locking_iter_idx];
+                       pr_buf(out, "  locking iter %u %c l=%u %s:",
+                              trans->locking_iter_idx,
+                              btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED ? 'c' : 'b',
+                              trans->locking_level,
+                              bch2_btree_ids[trans->locking_btree_id]);
+                       bch2_bpos_to_text(out, trans->locking_pos);
+
+                       pr_buf(out, " node ");
+                       bch2_btree_iter_node_to_text(out,
+                                       (void *) b,
+                                       btree_iter_type(iter));
+                       pr_buf(out, "\n");
+               }
+       }
+       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+#endif
+}
+
+void bch2_fs_btree_iter_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       mempool_exit(&c->btree_trans_mem_pool);
+       mempool_exit(&c->btree_iters_pool);
+       cleanup_srcu_struct(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+}
+
+int bch2_fs_btree_iter_init(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       unsigned nr = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_trans_list);
+       mutex_init(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+
+       return  init_srcu_struct(&c->btree_trans_barrier) ?:
+               mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_iters_pool, 1,
+                       sizeof(struct btree_iter) * nr +
+                       sizeof(struct btree_insert_entry) * nr) ?:
+               mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_trans_mem_pool, 1,
+                                         BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX);
+}