]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/btree_iter.c
New upstream release
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / btree_iter.c
index b6a761dba4d06d6246c4e0595cfb019413e1d4a3..dfb77b23d1261030994b97d0e48a06ca2e2299b2 100644 (file)
 #include "recovery.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "subvolume.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 
-#include <linux/prandom.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
-#include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
-
-static void btree_trans_verify_sorted(struct btree_trans *);
-inline void bch2_btree_path_check_sort(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *, int);
-static __always_inline void bch2_btree_path_check_sort_fast(struct btree_trans *,
-                                                  struct btree_path *, int);
 
 static inline void btree_path_list_remove(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *);
 static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *,
@@ -31,7 +26,7 @@ static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *
 
 static inline unsigned long btree_iter_ip_allocated(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+#ifdef TRACK_PATH_ALLOCATED
        return iter->ip_allocated;
 #else
        return 0;
@@ -40,21 +35,6 @@ static inline unsigned long btree_iter_ip_allocated(struct btree_iter *iter)
 
 static struct btree_path *btree_path_alloc(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *);
 
-/*
- * Unlocks before scheduling
- * Note: does not revalidate iterator
- */
-static inline int bch2_trans_cond_resched(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
-       if (need_resched() || race_fault()) {
-               bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
-               schedule();
-               return bch2_trans_relock(trans);
-       } else {
-               return 0;
-       }
-}
-
 static inline int __btree_path_cmp(const struct btree_path *l,
                                   enum btree_id        r_btree_id,
                                   bool                 r_cached,
@@ -107,7 +87,7 @@ static inline struct bpos btree_iter_search_key(struct btree_iter *iter)
        struct bpos pos = iter->pos;
 
        if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS) &&
-           bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MAX))
+           !bkey_eq(pos, POS_MAX))
                pos = bkey_successor(iter, pos);
        return pos;
 }
@@ -115,13 +95,13 @@ static inline struct bpos btree_iter_search_key(struct btree_iter *iter)
 static inline bool btree_path_pos_before_node(struct btree_path *path,
                                              struct btree *b)
 {
-       return bpos_cmp(path->pos, b->data->min_key) < 0;
+       return bpos_lt(path->pos, b->data->min_key);
 }
 
 static inline bool btree_path_pos_after_node(struct btree_path *path,
                                             struct btree *b)
 {
-       return bpos_cmp(b->key.k.p, path->pos) < 0;
+       return bpos_gt(path->pos, b->key.k.p);
 }
 
 static inline bool btree_path_pos_in_node(struct btree_path *path,
@@ -147,7 +127,7 @@ static void bch2_btree_path_verify_cached(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
        ck = (void *) path->l[0].b;
        BUG_ON(ck->key.btree_id != path->btree_id ||
-              bkey_cmp(ck->key.pos, path->pos));
+              !bkey_eq(ck->key.pos, path->pos));
 
        if (!locked)
                btree_node_unlock(trans, path, 0);
@@ -246,7 +226,7 @@ static void bch2_btree_path_verify(struct btree_trans *trans,
        for (i = 0; i < (!path->cached ? BTREE_MAX_DEPTH : 1); i++) {
                if (!path->l[i].b) {
                        BUG_ON(!path->cached &&
-                              c->btree_roots[path->btree_id].b->c.level > i);
+                              bch2_btree_id_root(c, path->btree_id)->b->c.level > i);
                        break;
                }
 
@@ -292,8 +272,8 @@ static void bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(struct btree_iter *iter)
        BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
               iter->pos.snapshot != iter->snapshot);
 
-       BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(iter->pos, bkey_start_pos(&iter->k)) < 0 ||
-              bkey_cmp(iter->pos, iter->k.p) > 0);
+       BUG_ON(bkey_lt(iter->pos, bkey_start_pos(&iter->k)) ||
+              bkey_gt(iter->pos, iter->k.p));
 }
 
 static int bch2_btree_iter_verify_ret(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bkey_s_c k)
@@ -327,7 +307,7 @@ static int bch2_btree_iter_verify_ret(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bkey_s_c k
        if (ret)
                goto out;
 
-       if (!bkey_cmp(prev.k->p, k.k->p) &&
+       if (bkey_eq(prev.k->p, k.k->p) &&
            bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor(trans->c, iter->snapshot,
                                      prev.k->p.snapshot) > 0) {
                struct printbuf buf1 = PRINTBUF, buf2 = PRINTBUF;
@@ -353,6 +333,8 @@ void bch2_assert_pos_locked(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id id,
        unsigned idx;
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
+       btree_trans_sort_paths(trans);
+
        trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, idx) {
                int cmp = cmp_int(path->btree_id, id) ?:
                        cmp_int(path->cached, key_cache);
@@ -367,11 +349,11 @@ void bch2_assert_pos_locked(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id id,
                        continue;
 
                if (!key_cache) {
-                       if (bkey_cmp(pos, path->l[0].b->data->min_key) >= 0 &&
-                           bkey_cmp(pos, path->l[0].b->key.k.p) <= 0)
+                       if (bkey_ge(pos, path->l[0].b->data->min_key) &&
+                           bkey_le(pos, path->l[0].b->key.k.p))
                                return;
                } else {
-                       if (!bkey_cmp(pos, path->pos))
+                       if (bkey_eq(pos, path->pos))
                                return;
                }
        }
@@ -540,7 +522,7 @@ void bch2_btree_node_iter_fix(struct btree_trans *trans,
                              unsigned clobber_u64s,
                              unsigned new_u64s)
 {
-       struct bset_tree *t = bch2_bkey_to_bset(b, where);
+       struct bset_tree *t = bch2_bkey_to_bset_inlined(b, where);
        struct btree_path *linked;
 
        if (node_iter != &path->l[b->c.level].iter) {
@@ -595,6 +577,7 @@ static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_path_level_peek(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b));
 
        path->pos = k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->key.k.p;
+       trans->paths_sorted = false;
        bch2_btree_path_verify_level(trans, path, l - path->l);
        return k;
 }
@@ -608,6 +591,7 @@ static inline struct bkey_s_c btree_path_level_prev(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        bch2_btree_node_iter_prev(&l->iter, l->b));
 
        path->pos = k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->data->min_key;
+       trans->paths_sorted = false;
        bch2_btree_path_verify_level(trans, path, l - path->l);
        return k;
 }
@@ -653,15 +637,40 @@ void bch2_btree_path_level_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
        BUG_ON(path->cached);
 
        EBUG_ON(!btree_path_pos_in_node(path, b));
-       EBUG_ON(b->c.lock.state.seq & 1);
 
-       path->l[b->c.level].lock_seq = b->c.lock.state.seq;
+       path->l[b->c.level].lock_seq = six_lock_seq(&b->c.lock);
        path->l[b->c.level].b = b;
        __btree_path_level_init(path, b->c.level);
 }
 
 /* Btree path: fixups after btree node updates: */
 
+static void bch2_trans_revalidate_updates_in_node(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
+{
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
+
+       trans_for_each_update(trans, i)
+               if (!i->cached &&
+                   i->level    == b->c.level &&
+                   i->btree_id == b->c.btree_id &&
+                   bpos_cmp(i->k->k.p, b->data->min_key) >= 0 &&
+                   bpos_cmp(i->k->k.p, b->data->max_key) <= 0) {
+                       i->old_v = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(i->path, &i->old_k).v;
+
+                       if (unlikely(trans->journal_replay_not_finished)) {
+                               struct bkey_i *j_k =
+                                       bch2_journal_keys_peek_slot(c, i->btree_id, i->level,
+                                                                   i->k->k.p);
+
+                               if (j_k) {
+                                       i->old_k = j_k->k;
+                                       i->old_v = &j_k->v;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+}
+
 /*
  * A btree node is being replaced - update the iterator to point to the new
  * node:
@@ -679,12 +688,14 @@ void bch2_trans_node_add(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
 
                        if (t != BTREE_NODE_UNLOCKED) {
                                btree_node_unlock(trans, path, b->c.level);
-                               six_lock_increment(&b->c.lock, t);
-                               mark_btree_node_locked(trans, path, b->c.level, t);
+                               six_lock_increment(&b->c.lock, (enum six_lock_type) t);
+                               mark_btree_node_locked(trans, path, b->c.level, (enum six_lock_type) t);
                        }
 
                        bch2_btree_path_level_init(trans, path, b);
                }
+
+       bch2_trans_revalidate_updates_in_node(trans, b);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -697,6 +708,8 @@ void bch2_trans_node_reinit_iter(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b)
 
        trans_for_each_path_with_node(trans, b, path)
                __btree_path_level_init(path, b->c.level);
+
+       bch2_trans_revalidate_updates_in_node(trans, b);
 }
 
 /* Btree path: traverse, set_pos: */
@@ -707,7 +720,7 @@ static inline int btree_path_lock_root(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                       unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct btree *b, **rootp = &c->btree_roots[path->btree_id].b;
+       struct btree *b, **rootp = &bch2_btree_id_root(c, path->btree_id)->b;
        enum six_lock_type lock_type;
        unsigned i;
        int ret;
@@ -786,7 +799,7 @@ static int btree_path_prefetch(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *pat
                        break;
 
                bch2_bkey_buf_unpack(&tmp, c, l->b, k);
-               ret = bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, trans, path, tmp.k, path->btree_id,
+               ret = bch2_btree_node_prefetch(trans, path, tmp.k, path->btree_id,
                                               path->level - 1);
        }
 
@@ -821,7 +834,7 @@ static int btree_path_prefetch_j(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *p
                        break;
 
                bch2_bkey_buf_reassemble(&tmp, c, k);
-               ret = bch2_btree_node_prefetch(c, trans, path, tmp.k, path->btree_id,
+               ret = bch2_btree_node_prefetch(trans, path, tmp.k, path->btree_id,
                                               path->level - 1);
        }
 
@@ -888,7 +901,6 @@ static __always_inline int btree_path_down(struct btree_trans *trans,
        struct btree *b;
        unsigned level = path->level - 1;
        enum six_lock_type lock_type = __btree_lock_want(path, level);
-       bool replay_done = test_bit(JOURNAL_REPLAY_DONE, &c->journal.flags);
        struct bkey_buf tmp;
        int ret;
 
@@ -896,7 +908,7 @@ static __always_inline int btree_path_down(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
        bch2_bkey_buf_init(&tmp);
 
-       if (unlikely(!replay_done)) {
+       if (unlikely(trans->journal_replay_not_finished)) {
                ret = btree_node_iter_and_journal_peek(trans, path, flags, &tmp);
                if (ret)
                        goto err;
@@ -916,7 +928,8 @@ static __always_inline int btree_path_down(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (unlikely(ret))
                goto err;
 
-       if (likely(replay_done && tmp.k->k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) &&
+       if (likely(!trans->journal_replay_not_finished &&
+                  tmp.k->k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) &&
            unlikely(b != btree_node_mem_ptr(tmp.k)))
                btree_node_mem_ptr_set(trans, path, level + 1, b);
 
@@ -933,15 +946,13 @@ err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int btree_path_traverse_one(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_path *,
-                                  unsigned, unsigned long);
 
 static int bch2_btree_path_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree_path *path;
        unsigned long trace_ip = _RET_IP_;
-       int ret = 0;
+       int i, ret = 0;
 
        if (trans->in_traverse_all)
                return -BCH_ERR_transaction_restart_in_traverse_all;
@@ -949,12 +960,12 @@ static int bch2_btree_path_traverse_all(struct btree_trans *trans)
        trans->in_traverse_all = true;
 retry_all:
        trans->restarted = 0;
-       trans->traverse_all_idx = U8_MAX;
+       trans->last_restarted_ip = 0;
 
        trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
                path->should_be_locked = false;
 
-       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+       btree_trans_sort_paths(trans);
 
        bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
        cond_resched();
@@ -971,34 +982,35 @@ retry_all:
        }
 
        /* Now, redo traversals in correct order: */
-       trans->traverse_all_idx = 0;
-       while (trans->traverse_all_idx < trans->nr_sorted) {
-               path = trans->paths + trans->sorted[trans->traverse_all_idx];
+       i = 0;
+       while (i < trans->nr_sorted) {
+               path = trans->paths + trans->sorted[i];
 
                /*
                 * Traversing a path can cause another path to be added at about
                 * the same position:
                 */
                if (path->uptodate) {
-                       ret = btree_path_traverse_one(trans, path, 0, _THIS_IP_);
+                       __btree_path_get(path, false);
+                       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse_one(trans, path, 0, _THIS_IP_);
+                       __btree_path_put(path, false);
+
                        if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart) ||
-                           ret == -ENOMEM)
+                           bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOMEM))
                                goto retry_all;
                        if (ret)
                                goto err;
-                       BUG_ON(path->uptodate);
                } else {
-                       trans->traverse_all_idx++;
+                       i++;
                }
        }
 
        /*
-        * BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK is ok here - if we called bch2_trans_unlock()
-        * and relock(), relock() won't relock since path->should_be_locked
-        * isn't set yet, which is all fine
+        * We used to assert that all paths had been traversed here
+        * (path->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE); however, since
+        * path->Should_be_locked is not set yet, we we might have unlocked and
+        * then failed to relock a path - that's fine.
         */
-       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
-               BUG_ON(path->uptodate >= BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
 err:
        bch2_btree_cache_cannibalize_unlock(c);
 
@@ -1085,10 +1097,10 @@ static inline unsigned btree_path_up_until_good_node(struct btree_trans *trans,
  * On error, caller (peek_node()/peek_key()) must return NULL; the error is
  * stashed in the iterator and returned from bch2_trans_exit().
  */
-static int btree_path_traverse_one(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                  struct btree_path *path,
-                                  unsigned flags,
-                                  unsigned long trace_ip)
+int bch2_btree_path_traverse_one(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                struct btree_path *path,
+                                unsigned flags,
+                                unsigned long trace_ip)
 {
        unsigned depth_want = path->level;
        int ret = -((int) trans->restarted);
@@ -1147,31 +1159,14 @@ static int btree_path_traverse_one(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
        path->uptodate = BTREE_ITER_UPTODATE;
 out:
-       BUG_ON(bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart) != !!trans->restarted);
+       if (bch2_err_matches(ret, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart) != !!trans->restarted)
+               panic("ret %s (%i) trans->restarted %s (%i)\n",
+                     bch2_err_str(ret), ret,
+                     bch2_err_str(trans->restarted), trans->restarted);
        bch2_btree_path_verify(trans, path);
        return ret;
 }
 
-int __must_check bch2_btree_path_traverse(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                         struct btree_path *path, unsigned flags)
-{
-       if (0 && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG)) {
-               unsigned restart_probability_bits = 4 << min(trans->restart_count, 32U);
-               u64 mask = ~(~0ULL << restart_probability_bits);
-
-               if ((prandom_u32() & mask) == mask) {
-                       trace_and_count(trans->c, trans_restart_injected, trans, _RET_IP_);
-                       return btree_trans_restart(trans, BCH_ERR_transaction_restart_fault_inject);
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (path->uptodate < BTREE_ITER_NEED_RELOCK)
-               return 0;
-
-       return  bch2_trans_cond_resched(trans) ?:
-               btree_path_traverse_one(trans, path, flags, _RET_IP_);
-}
-
 static inline void btree_path_copy(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *dst,
                            struct btree_path *src)
 {
@@ -1207,10 +1202,6 @@ struct btree_path *__bch2_btree_path_make_mut(struct btree_trans *trans,
        __btree_path_put(path, intent);
        path = btree_path_clone(trans, path, intent);
        path->preserve = false;
-#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
-       path->ip_allocated = ip;
-#endif
-       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
        return path;
 }
 
@@ -1219,16 +1210,15 @@ __bch2_btree_path_set_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
                   struct btree_path *path, struct bpos new_pos,
                   bool intent, unsigned long ip, int cmp)
 {
-       unsigned l = path->level;
+       unsigned level = path->level;
 
-       EBUG_ON(trans->restarted);
+       bch2_trans_verify_not_in_restart(trans);
        EBUG_ON(!path->ref);
 
        path = bch2_btree_path_make_mut(trans, path, intent, ip);
 
-       path->pos = new_pos;
-
-       bch2_btree_path_check_sort_fast(trans, path, cmp);
+       path->pos               = new_pos;
+       trans->paths_sorted     = false;
 
        if (unlikely(path->cached)) {
                btree_node_unlock(trans, path, 0);
@@ -1237,10 +1227,12 @@ __bch2_btree_path_set_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
                goto out;
        }
 
-       l = btree_path_up_until_good_node(trans, path, cmp);
+       level = btree_path_up_until_good_node(trans, path, cmp);
 
-       if (btree_path_node(path, l)) {
-               BUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(path, l));
+       if (btree_path_node(path, level)) {
+               struct btree_path_level *l = &path->l[level];
+
+               BUG_ON(!btree_node_locked(path, level));
                /*
                 * We might have to skip over many keys, or just a few: try
                 * advancing the node iterator, and if we have to skip over too
@@ -1248,11 +1240,18 @@ __bch2_btree_path_set_pos(struct btree_trans *trans,
                 * is expensive).
                 */
                if (cmp < 0 ||
-                   !btree_path_advance_to_pos(path, &path->l[l], 8))
-                       __btree_path_level_init(path, l);
+                   !btree_path_advance_to_pos(path, l, 8))
+                       bch2_btree_node_iter_init(&l->iter, l->b, &path->pos);
+
+               /*
+                * Iterators to interior nodes should always be pointed at the first non
+                * whiteout:
+                */
+               if (unlikely(level))
+                       bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b);
        }
 
-       if (unlikely(l != path->level)) {
+       if (unlikely(level != path->level)) {
                btree_path_set_dirty(path, BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE);
                __bch2_btree_path_unlock(trans, path);
        }
@@ -1342,9 +1341,25 @@ static void bch2_path_put_nokeep(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *p
        __bch2_path_free(trans, path);
 }
 
+void bch2_trans_restart_error(struct btree_trans *trans, u32 restart_count)
+{
+       panic("trans->restart_count %u, should be %u, last restarted by %pS\n",
+             trans->restart_count, restart_count,
+             (void *) trans->last_begin_ip);
+}
+
+void bch2_trans_in_restart_error(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       panic("in transaction restart: %s, last restarted by %pS\n",
+             bch2_err_str(trans->restarted),
+             (void *) trans->last_restarted_ip);
+}
+
+noinline __cold
 void bch2_trans_updates_to_text(struct printbuf *buf, struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct btree_insert_entry *i;
+       struct btree_write_buffered_key *wb;
 
        prt_printf(buf, "transaction updates for %s journal seq %llu",
               trans->fn, trans->journal_res.seq);
@@ -1369,6 +1384,17 @@ void bch2_trans_updates_to_text(struct printbuf *buf, struct btree_trans *trans)
                prt_newline(buf);
        }
 
+       trans_for_each_wb_update(trans, wb) {
+               prt_printf(buf, "update: btree=%s wb=1 %pS",
+                      bch2_btree_ids[wb->btree],
+                      (void *) i->ip_allocated);
+               prt_newline(buf);
+
+               prt_printf(buf, "  new ");
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(buf, trans->c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&wb->k));
+               prt_newline(buf);
+       }
+
        printbuf_indent_sub(buf, 2);
 }
 
@@ -1382,6 +1408,7 @@ void bch2_dump_trans_updates(struct btree_trans *trans)
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
 }
 
+noinline __cold
 void bch2_btree_path_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_path *path)
 {
        prt_printf(out, "path: idx %2u ref %u:%u %c %c btree=%s l=%u pos ",
@@ -1393,39 +1420,59 @@ void bch2_btree_path_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_path *path)
        bch2_bpos_to_text(out, path->pos);
 
        prt_printf(out, " locks %u", path->nodes_locked);
-#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+#ifdef TRACK_PATH_ALLOCATED
        prt_printf(out, " %pS", (void *) path->ip_allocated);
 #endif
        prt_newline(out);
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_paths_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_trans *trans)
+static noinline __cold
+void __bch2_trans_paths_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_trans *trans,
+                               bool nosort)
 {
        struct btree_path *path;
        unsigned idx;
 
+       if (!nosort)
+               btree_trans_sort_paths(trans);
+
        trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, idx)
                bch2_btree_path_to_text(out, path);
 }
 
 noinline __cold
-void bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(struct btree_trans *trans)
+void bch2_trans_paths_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       __bch2_trans_paths_to_text(out, trans, false);
+}
+
+static noinline __cold
+void __bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(struct btree_trans *trans, bool nosort)
 {
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
-       bch2_trans_paths_to_text(&buf, trans);
+       __bch2_trans_paths_to_text(&buf, trans, nosort);
        bch2_trans_updates_to_text(&buf, trans);
 
        bch2_print_string_as_lines(KERN_ERR, buf.buf);
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
 }
 
-noinline
+noinline __cold
+void bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       __bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(trans, false);
+}
+
+noinline __cold
 static void bch2_trans_update_max_paths(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct btree_transaction_stats *s = btree_trans_stats(trans);
        struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
+       if (!s)
+               return;
+
        bch2_trans_paths_to_text(&buf, trans);
 
        if (!buf.allocation_failure) {
@@ -1439,6 +1486,8 @@ static void bch2_trans_update_max_paths(struct btree_trans *trans)
        }
 
        printbuf_exit(&buf);
+
+       trans->nr_max_paths = hweight64(trans->paths_allocated);
 }
 
 static noinline void btree_path_overflow(struct btree_trans *trans)
@@ -1458,19 +1507,24 @@ static inline struct btree_path *btree_path_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
                btree_path_overflow(trans);
 
        idx = __ffs64(~trans->paths_allocated);
-       trans->paths_allocated |= 1ULL << idx;
 
+       /*
+        * Do this before marking the new path as allocated, since it won't be
+        * initialized yet:
+        */
        if (unlikely(idx > trans->nr_max_paths))
                bch2_trans_update_max_paths(trans);
 
-       path = &trans->paths[idx];
+       trans->paths_allocated |= 1ULL << idx;
 
+       path = &trans->paths[idx];
        path->idx               = idx;
        path->ref               = 0;
        path->intent_ref        = 0;
        path->nodes_locked      = 0;
 
        btree_path_list_add(trans, pos, path);
+       trans->paths_sorted = false;
        return path;
 }
 
@@ -1484,10 +1538,11 @@ struct btree_path *bch2_path_get(struct btree_trans *trans,
        bool intent = flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT;
        int i;
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->restarted);
-       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+       bch2_trans_verify_not_in_restart(trans);
        bch2_trans_verify_locks(trans);
 
+       btree_trans_sort_paths(trans);
+
        trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, i) {
                if (__btree_path_cmp(path,
                                     btree_id,
@@ -1520,10 +1575,10 @@ struct btree_path *bch2_path_get(struct btree_trans *trans,
                path->nodes_locked              = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(path->l); i++)
                        path->l[i].b            = ERR_PTR(-BCH_ERR_no_btree_node_init);
-#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+#ifdef TRACK_PATH_ALLOCATED
                path->ip_allocated              = ip;
 #endif
-               btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
+               trans->paths_sorted             = false;
        }
 
        if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_NOPRESERVE))
@@ -1564,17 +1619,18 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(struct btree_path *path, struct bkey *
                _k = bch2_btree_node_iter_peek_all(&l->iter, l->b);
                k = _k ? bkey_disassemble(l->b, _k, u) : bkey_s_c_null;
 
-               EBUG_ON(k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k) && bpos_cmp(k.k->p, path->pos) == 0);
+               EBUG_ON(k.k && bkey_deleted(k.k) && bpos_eq(k.k->p, path->pos));
 
-               if (!k.k || bpos_cmp(path->pos, k.k->p))
+               if (!k.k || !bpos_eq(path->pos, k.k->p))
                        goto hole;
        } else {
                struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) path->l[0].b;
 
                EBUG_ON(ck &&
                        (path->btree_id != ck->key.btree_id ||
-                        bkey_cmp(path->pos, ck->key.pos)));
-               EBUG_ON(!ck || !ck->valid);
+                        !bkey_eq(path->pos, ck->key.pos)));
+               if (!ck || !ck->valid)
+                       return bkey_s_c_null;
 
                *u = ck->k->k;
                k = bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k);
@@ -1632,7 +1688,7 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
        if (!b)
                goto out;
 
-       BUG_ON(bpos_cmp(b->key.k.p, iter->pos) < 0);
+       BUG_ON(bpos_lt(b->key.k.p, iter->pos));
 
        bkey_init(&iter->k);
        iter->k.p = iter->pos = b->key.k.p;
@@ -1651,6 +1707,17 @@ err:
        goto out;
 }
 
+struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_peek_node_and_restart(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       struct btree *b;
+
+       while (b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(iter),
+              bch2_err_matches(PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(b), BCH_ERR_transaction_restart))
+               bch2_trans_begin(iter->trans);
+
+       return b;
+}
+
 struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
@@ -1658,7 +1725,7 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
        struct btree *b = NULL;
        int ret;
 
-       BUG_ON(trans->restarted);
+       bch2_trans_verify_not_in_restart(trans);
        EBUG_ON(iter->path->cached);
        bch2_btree_iter_verify(iter);
 
@@ -1684,7 +1751,7 @@ struct btree *bch2_btree_iter_next_node(struct btree_iter *iter)
 
        b = btree_path_node(path, path->level + 1);
 
-       if (!bpos_cmp(iter->pos, b->key.k.p)) {
+       if (bpos_eq(iter->pos, b->key.k.p)) {
                __btree_path_set_level_up(trans, path, path->level++);
        } else {
                /*
@@ -1729,9 +1796,9 @@ inline bool bch2_btree_iter_advance(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        if (likely(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_LEVELS))) {
                struct bpos pos = iter->k.p;
-               bool ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS
-                           ? bpos_cmp(pos, SPOS_MAX)
-                           : bkey_cmp(pos, SPOS_MAX)) != 0;
+               bool ret = !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS
+                            ? bpos_eq(pos, SPOS_MAX)
+                            : bkey_eq(pos, SPOS_MAX));
 
                if (ret && !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
                        pos = bkey_successor(iter, pos);
@@ -1749,9 +1816,9 @@ inline bool bch2_btree_iter_advance(struct btree_iter *iter)
 inline bool bch2_btree_iter_rewind(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        struct bpos pos = bkey_start_pos(&iter->k);
-       bool ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS
-                   ? bpos_cmp(pos, POS_MIN)
-                   : bkey_cmp(pos, POS_MIN)) != 0;
+       bool ret = !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS
+                    ? bpos_eq(pos, POS_MIN)
+                    : bkey_eq(pos, POS_MIN));
 
        if (ret && !(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
                pos = bkey_predecessor(iter, pos);
@@ -1759,53 +1826,66 @@ inline bool bch2_btree_iter_rewind(struct btree_iter *iter)
        return ret;
 }
 
-static inline struct bkey_i *btree_trans_peek_updates(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                                     enum btree_id btree_id,
-                                                     struct bpos pos)
+static noinline
+struct bkey_i *__bch2_btree_trans_peek_updates(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
        struct btree_insert_entry *i;
        struct bkey_i *ret = NULL;
 
-       trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {
-               if (i->btree_id < btree_id)
+       trans_for_each_update(iter->trans, i) {
+               if (i->btree_id < iter->btree_id)
                        continue;
-               if (i->btree_id > btree_id)
+               if (i->btree_id > iter->btree_id)
                        break;
-               if (bpos_cmp(i->k->k.p, pos) < 0)
+               if (bpos_lt(i->k->k.p, iter->path->pos))
                        continue;
                if (i->key_cache_already_flushed)
                        continue;
-               if (!ret || bpos_cmp(i->k->k.p, ret->k.p) < 0)
+               if (!ret || bpos_lt(i->k->k.p, ret->k.p))
                        ret = i->k;
        }
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-struct bkey_i *bch2_btree_journal_peek(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                      struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                      struct bpos start_pos,
-                                      struct bpos end_pos)
+static inline struct bkey_i *btree_trans_peek_updates(struct btree_iter *iter)
+{
+       return iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES
+               ? __bch2_btree_trans_peek_updates(iter)
+               : NULL;
+}
+
+static struct bkey_i *bch2_btree_journal_peek(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                             struct btree_iter *iter,
+                                             struct bpos end_pos)
 {
        struct bkey_i *k;
 
-       if (bpos_cmp(start_pos, iter->journal_pos) < 0)
+       if (bpos_lt(iter->path->pos, iter->journal_pos))
                iter->journal_idx = 0;
 
        k = bch2_journal_keys_peek_upto(trans->c, iter->btree_id,
                                        iter->path->level,
-                                       start_pos, end_pos,
+                                       iter->path->pos,
+                                       end_pos,
                                        &iter->journal_idx);
 
        iter->journal_pos = k ? k->k.p : end_pos;
        return k;
 }
 
-struct bkey_i *bch2_btree_journal_peek_slot(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                           struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                           struct bpos pos)
+static noinline
+struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_slot_journal(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                             struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       return bch2_btree_journal_peek(trans, iter, pos, pos);
+       struct bkey_i *k = bch2_btree_journal_peek(trans, iter, iter->path->pos);
+
+       if (k) {
+               iter->k = k->k;
+               return bkey_i_to_s_c(k);
+       } else {
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
+       }
 }
 
 static noinline
@@ -1814,7 +1894,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_journal(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                         struct bkey_s_c k)
 {
        struct bkey_i *next_journal =
-               bch2_btree_journal_peek(trans, iter, iter->path->pos,
+               bch2_btree_journal_peek(trans, iter,
                                k.k ? k.k->p : path_l(iter->path)->b->key.k.p);
 
        if (next_journal) {
@@ -1830,42 +1910,46 @@ struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_journal(struct btree_trans *trans,
  * bkey_s_c_null:
  */
 static noinline
-struct bkey_s_c __btree_trans_peek_key_cache(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos pos)
+struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_key_cache(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos pos)
 {
        struct btree_trans *trans = iter->trans;
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey u;
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
        int ret;
 
+       if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_KEY_CACHE_FILL) &&
+           bpos_eq(iter->pos, pos))
+               return bkey_s_c_null;
+
        if (!bch2_btree_key_cache_find(c, iter->btree_id, pos))
                return bkey_s_c_null;
 
        if (!iter->key_cache_path)
                iter->key_cache_path = bch2_path_get(trans, iter->btree_id, pos,
                                                     iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT, 0,
-                                                    iter->flags|BTREE_ITER_CACHED,
+                                                    iter->flags|BTREE_ITER_CACHED|
+                                                    BTREE_ITER_CACHED_NOFILL,
                                                     _THIS_IP_);
 
        iter->key_cache_path = bch2_btree_path_set_pos(trans, iter->key_cache_path, pos,
                                        iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
                                        btree_iter_ip_allocated(iter));
 
-       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->key_cache_path, iter->flags|BTREE_ITER_CACHED);
+       ret =   bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->key_cache_path,
+                                        iter->flags|BTREE_ITER_CACHED) ?:
+               bch2_btree_path_relock(trans, iter->path, _THIS_IP_);
        if (unlikely(ret))
                return bkey_s_c_err(ret);
 
        btree_path_set_should_be_locked(iter->key_cache_path);
 
-       return bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(iter->key_cache_path, &u);
-}
-
-static noinline
-struct bkey_s_c btree_trans_peek_key_cache(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos pos)
-{
-       struct bkey_s_c ret = __btree_trans_peek_key_cache(iter, pos);
-       int err = bkey_err(ret) ?: bch2_btree_path_relock(iter->trans, iter->path, _THIS_IP_);
-
-       return err ? bkey_s_c_err(err) : ret;
+       k = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(iter->key_cache_path, &u);
+       if (k.k && !bkey_err(k)) {
+               iter->k = u;
+               k.k = &iter->k;
+       }
+       return k;
 }
 
 static struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos search_key)
@@ -1920,12 +2004,11 @@ static struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bp
                if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL))
                        k = btree_trans_peek_journal(trans, iter, k);
 
-               next_update = iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES
-                       ? btree_trans_peek_updates(trans, iter->btree_id, search_key)
-                       : NULL;
+               next_update = btree_trans_peek_updates(iter);
+
                if (next_update &&
-                   bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p,
-                            k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->key.k.p) <= 0) {
+                   bpos_le(next_update->k.p,
+                           k.k ? k.k->p : l->b->key.k.p)) {
                        iter->k = next_update->k;
                        k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
                }
@@ -1938,7 +2021,7 @@ static struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bp
                         * whiteout, with a real key at the same position, since
                         * in the btree deleted keys sort before non deleted.
                         */
-                       search_key = bpos_cmp(search_key, k.k->p)
+                       search_key = !bpos_eq(search_key, k.k->p)
                                ? k.k->p
                                : bpos_successor(k.k->p);
                        continue;
@@ -1946,7 +2029,7 @@ static struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bp
 
                if (likely(k.k)) {
                        break;
-               } else if (likely(bpos_cmp(l->b->key.k.p, SPOS_MAX))) {
+               } else if (likely(!bpos_eq(l->b->key.k.p, SPOS_MAX))) {
                        /* Advance to next leaf node: */
                        search_key = bpos_successor(l->b->key.k.p);
                } else {
@@ -1975,6 +2058,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos e
        int ret;
 
        EBUG_ON(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_LEVELS);
+       EBUG_ON((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS) && bkey_eq(end, POS_MAX));
 
        if (iter->update_path) {
                bch2_path_put_nokeep(trans, iter->update_path,
@@ -1986,7 +2070,9 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos e
 
        while (1) {
                k = __bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter, search_key);
-               if (!k.k || bkey_err(k))
+               if (unlikely(!k.k))
+                       goto end;
+               if (unlikely(bkey_err(k)))
                        goto out_no_locked;
 
                /*
@@ -1996,19 +2082,16 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos e
                 */
                if (!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS))
                        iter_pos = k.k->p;
-               else if (bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0)
-                       iter_pos = bkey_start_pos(k.k);
                else
-                       iter_pos = iter->pos;
+                       iter_pos = bkey_max(iter->pos, bkey_start_pos(k.k));
 
-               if (bkey_cmp(iter_pos, end) > 0) {
-                       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, end);
-                       k = bkey_s_c_null;
-                       goto out_no_locked;
-               }
+               if (unlikely(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
+                            ? bkey_gt(iter_pos, end)
+                            : bkey_ge(iter_pos, end)))
+                       goto end;
 
                if (iter->update_path &&
-                   bkey_cmp(iter->update_path->pos, k.k->p)) {
+                   !bkey_eq(iter->update_path->pos, k.k->p)) {
                        bch2_path_put_nokeep(trans, iter->update_path,
                                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
                        iter->update_path = NULL;
@@ -2038,6 +2121,11 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos e
                                                iter->update_path, pos,
                                                iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT,
                                                _THIS_IP_);
+                       ret = bch2_btree_path_traverse(trans, iter->update_path, iter->flags);
+                       if (unlikely(ret)) {
+                               k = bkey_s_c_err(ret);
+                               goto out_no_locked;
+                       }
                }
 
                /*
@@ -2070,8 +2158,8 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bpos e
        btree_path_set_should_be_locked(iter->path);
 out_no_locked:
        if (iter->update_path) {
-               if (iter->update_path->uptodate &&
-                   (ret = bch2_btree_path_relock(trans, iter->update_path, _THIS_IP_)))
+               ret = bch2_btree_path_relock(trans, iter->update_path, _THIS_IP_);
+               if (unlikely(ret))
                        k = bkey_s_c_err(ret);
                else
                        btree_path_set_should_be_locked(iter->update_path);
@@ -2089,6 +2177,10 @@ out_no_locked:
        bch2_btree_iter_verify_entry_exit(iter);
 
        return k;
+end:
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, end);
+       k = bkey_s_c_null;
+       goto out_no_locked;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2134,7 +2226,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_all_levels(struct btree_iter *iter)
                /* Check if we should go up to the parent node: */
                if (!k.k ||
                    (iter->advanced &&
-                    !bpos_cmp(path_l(iter->path)->b->key.k.p, iter->pos))) {
+                    bpos_eq(path_l(iter->path)->b->key.k.p, iter->pos))) {
                        iter->pos = path_l(iter->path)->b->key.k.p;
                        btree_path_set_level_up(trans, iter->path);
                        iter->advanced = false;
@@ -2150,7 +2242,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_all_levels(struct btree_iter *iter)
                if (iter->path->level != iter->min_depth &&
                    (iter->advanced ||
                     !k.k ||
-                    bpos_cmp(iter->pos, k.k->p))) {
+                    !bpos_eq(iter->pos, k.k->p))) {
                        btree_path_set_level_down(trans, iter->path, iter->min_depth);
                        iter->pos = bpos_successor(iter->pos);
                        iter->advanced = false;
@@ -2161,7 +2253,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_all_levels(struct btree_iter *iter)
                if (iter->path->level == iter->min_depth &&
                    iter->advanced &&
                    k.k &&
-                   !bpos_cmp(iter->pos, k.k->p)) {
+                   bpos_eq(iter->pos, k.k->p)) {
                        iter->pos = bpos_successor(iter->pos);
                        iter->advanced = false;
                        continue;
@@ -2169,7 +2261,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_all_levels(struct btree_iter *iter)
 
                if (iter->advanced &&
                    iter->path->level == iter->min_depth &&
-                   bpos_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos))
+                   !bpos_eq(k.k->p, iter->pos))
                        iter->advanced = false;
 
                BUG_ON(iter->advanced);
@@ -2240,13 +2332,11 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
                                          &iter->path->l[0], &iter->k);
                if (!k.k ||
                    ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
-                    ? bpos_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), search_key) >= 0
-                    : bpos_cmp(k.k->p, search_key) > 0))
+                    ? bpos_ge(bkey_start_pos(k.k), search_key)
+                    : bpos_gt(k.k->p, search_key)))
                        k = btree_path_level_prev(trans, iter->path,
                                                  &iter->path->l[0], &iter->k);
 
-               bch2_btree_path_check_sort(trans, iter->path, 0);
-
                if (likely(k.k)) {
                        if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS) {
                                if (k.k->p.snapshot == iter->snapshot)
@@ -2257,7 +2347,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_prev(struct btree_iter *iter)
                                 * longer at the same _key_ (not pos), return
                                 * that candidate
                                 */
-                               if (saved_path && bkey_cmp(k.k->p, saved_k.p)) {
+                               if (saved_path && !bkey_eq(k.k->p, saved_k.p)) {
                                        bch2_path_put_nokeep(trans, iter->path,
                                                      iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
                                        iter->path = saved_path;
@@ -2292,7 +2382,7 @@ got_key:
                        }
 
                        break;
-               } else if (likely(bpos_cmp(iter->path->l[0].b->data->min_key, POS_MIN))) {
+               } else if (likely(!bpos_eq(iter->path->l[0].b->data->min_key, POS_MIN))) {
                        /* Advance to previous leaf node: */
                        search_key = bpos_predecessor(iter->path->l[0].b->data->min_key);
                } else {
@@ -2303,10 +2393,10 @@ got_key:
                }
        }
 
-       EBUG_ON(bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos) > 0);
+       EBUG_ON(bkey_gt(bkey_start_pos(k.k), iter->pos));
 
        /* Extents can straddle iter->pos: */
-       if (bkey_cmp(k.k->p, iter->pos) < 0)
+       if (bkey_lt(k.k->p, iter->pos))
                iter->pos = k.k->p;
 
        if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS)
@@ -2371,25 +2461,19 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
            !(iter->flags & (BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS|BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS))) {
                struct bkey_i *next_update;
 
-               if ((iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES) &&
-                   (next_update = btree_trans_peek_updates(trans,
-                                               iter->btree_id, search_key)) &&
-                   !bpos_cmp(next_update->k.p, iter->pos)) {
+               if ((next_update = btree_trans_peek_updates(iter)) &&
+                   bpos_eq(next_update->k.p, iter->pos)) {
                        iter->k = next_update->k;
                        k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
                        goto out;
                }
 
                if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL) &&
-                   (next_update = bch2_btree_journal_peek_slot(trans,
-                                       iter, iter->pos))) {
-                       iter->k = next_update->k;
-                       k = bkey_i_to_s_c(next_update);
+                   (k = btree_trans_peek_slot_journal(trans, iter)).k)
                        goto out;
-               }
 
                if (unlikely(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE) &&
-                   (k = __btree_trans_peek_key_cache(iter, iter->pos)).k) {
+                   (k = btree_trans_peek_key_cache(iter, iter->pos)).k) {
                        if (!bkey_err(k))
                                iter->k = *k.k;
                        /* We're not returning a key from iter->path: */
@@ -2401,15 +2485,15 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
                        goto out_no_locked;
        } else {
                struct bpos next;
+               struct bpos end = iter->pos;
+
+               if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
+                       end.offset = U64_MAX;
 
                EBUG_ON(iter->path->level);
 
                if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT) {
                        struct btree_iter iter2;
-                       struct bpos end = iter->pos;
-
-                       if (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS)
-                               end.offset = U64_MAX;
 
                        bch2_trans_copy_iter(&iter2, iter);
                        k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(&iter2, end);
@@ -2422,7 +2506,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
                } else {
                        struct bpos pos = iter->pos;
 
-                       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+                       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_upto(iter, end);
                        if (unlikely(bkey_err(k)))
                                bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, pos);
                        else
@@ -2434,7 +2518,7 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
 
                next = k.k ? bkey_start_pos(k.k) : POS_MAX;
 
-               if (bkey_cmp(iter->pos, next) < 0) {
+               if (bkey_lt(iter->pos, next)) {
                        bkey_init(&iter->k);
                        iter->k.p = iter->pos;
 
@@ -2479,29 +2563,43 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_prev_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
        return bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
 }
 
-/* new transactional stuff: */
-
-static inline void btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                               struct btree_path *path)
+struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_peek_and_restart_outlined(struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       EBUG_ON(path->sorted_idx >= trans->nr_sorted);
-       EBUG_ON(trans->sorted[path->sorted_idx] != path->idx);
-       EBUG_ON(!(trans->paths_allocated & (1ULL << path->idx)));
+       struct bkey_s_c k;
+
+       while (btree_trans_too_many_iters(iter->trans) ||
+              (k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_type(iter, iter->flags),
+               bch2_err_matches(bkey_err(k), BCH_ERR_transaction_restart)))
+               bch2_trans_begin(iter->trans);
+
+       return k;
 }
 
-static inline void btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(struct btree_trans *trans)
-{
+/* new transactional stuff: */
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
+static void btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       struct btree_path *path;
        unsigned i;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++)
-               btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(trans, trans->paths + trans->sorted[i]);
-#endif
+       BUG_ON(trans->nr_sorted != hweight64(trans->paths_allocated));
+
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path) {
+               BUG_ON(path->sorted_idx >= trans->nr_sorted);
+               BUG_ON(trans->sorted[path->sorted_idx] != path->idx);
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++) {
+               unsigned idx = trans->sorted[i];
+
+               EBUG_ON(!(trans->paths_allocated & (1ULL << idx)));
+               BUG_ON(trans->paths[idx].sorted_idx != i);
+       }
 }
 
 static void btree_trans_verify_sorted(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
        struct btree_path *path, *prev = NULL;
        unsigned i;
 
@@ -2510,80 +2608,54 @@ static void btree_trans_verify_sorted(struct btree_trans *trans)
 
        trans_for_each_path_inorder(trans, path, i) {
                if (prev && btree_path_cmp(prev, path) > 0) {
-                       bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(trans);
+                       __bch2_dump_trans_paths_updates(trans, true);
                        panic("trans paths out of order!\n");
                }
                prev = path;
        }
-#endif
-}
-
-static inline void btree_path_swap(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                  struct btree_path *l, struct btree_path *r)
-{
-       swap(l->sorted_idx, r->sorted_idx);
-       swap(trans->sorted[l->sorted_idx],
-            trans->sorted[r->sorted_idx]);
-
-       btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(trans, l);
-       btree_path_verify_sorted_ref(trans, r);
-}
-
-static inline struct btree_path *sib_btree_path(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                               struct btree_path *path, int sib)
-{
-       unsigned idx = (unsigned) path->sorted_idx + sib;
-
-       EBUG_ON(sib != -1 && sib != 1);
-
-       return idx < trans->nr_sorted
-               ? trans->paths + trans->sorted[idx]
-               : NULL;
 }
+#else
+static inline void btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(struct btree_trans *trans) {}
+static inline void btree_trans_verify_sorted(struct btree_trans *trans) {}
+#endif
 
-static __always_inline void bch2_btree_path_check_sort_fast(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                                  struct btree_path *path,
-                                                  int cmp)
+void __bch2_btree_trans_sort_paths(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
-       struct btree_path *n;
-       int cmp2;
-
-       EBUG_ON(!cmp);
-
-       while ((n = sib_btree_path(trans, path, cmp)) &&
-              (cmp2 = btree_path_cmp(n, path)) &&
-              cmp2 != cmp)
-               btree_path_swap(trans, n, path);
-
-       btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
-}
+       int i, l = 0, r = trans->nr_sorted, inc = 1;
+       bool swapped;
 
-inline void bch2_btree_path_check_sort(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
-                                      int cmp)
-{
-       struct btree_path *n;
+       btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(trans);
 
-       if (cmp <= 0) {
-               n = prev_btree_path(trans, path);
-               if (n && btree_path_cmp(n, path) > 0) {
-                       do {
-                               btree_path_swap(trans, n, path);
-                               n = prev_btree_path(trans, path);
-                       } while (n && btree_path_cmp(n, path) > 0);
+       if (trans->paths_sorted)
+               goto out;
 
-                       goto out;
+       /*
+        * Cocktail shaker sort: this is efficient because iterators will be
+        * mostly sorted.
+        */
+       do {
+               swapped = false;
+
+               for (i = inc > 0 ? l : r - 2;
+                    i + 1 < r && i >= l;
+                    i += inc) {
+                       if (btree_path_cmp(trans->paths + trans->sorted[i],
+                                          trans->paths + trans->sorted[i + 1]) > 0) {
+                               swap(trans->sorted[i], trans->sorted[i + 1]);
+                               trans->paths[trans->sorted[i]].sorted_idx = i;
+                               trans->paths[trans->sorted[i + 1]].sorted_idx = i + 1;
+                               swapped = true;
+                       }
                }
-       }
 
-       if (cmp >= 0) {
-               n = next_btree_path(trans, path);
-               if (n && btree_path_cmp(path, n) > 0) {
-                       do {
-                               btree_path_swap(trans, path, n);
-                               n = next_btree_path(trans, path);
-                       } while (n && btree_path_cmp(path, n) > 0);
-               }
-       }
+               if (inc > 0)
+                       --r;
+               else
+                       l++;
+               inc = -inc;
+       } while (swapped);
+
+       trans->paths_sorted = true;
 out:
        btree_trans_verify_sorted(trans);
 }
@@ -2594,15 +2666,18 @@ static inline void btree_path_list_remove(struct btree_trans *trans,
        unsigned i;
 
        EBUG_ON(path->sorted_idx >= trans->nr_sorted);
-
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
+       trans->nr_sorted--;
+       memmove_u64s_down_small(trans->sorted + path->sorted_idx,
+                               trans->sorted + path->sorted_idx + 1,
+                               DIV_ROUND_UP(trans->nr_sorted - path->sorted_idx, 8));
+#else
        array_remove_item(trans->sorted, trans->nr_sorted, path->sorted_idx);
-
+#endif
        for (i = path->sorted_idx; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++)
                trans->paths[trans->sorted[i]].sorted_idx = i;
 
        path->sorted_idx = U8_MAX;
-
-       btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(trans);
 }
 
 static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -2611,16 +2686,17 @@ static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *trans,
 {
        unsigned i;
 
-       btree_trans_verify_sorted_refs(trans);
-
-       path->sorted_idx = pos ? pos->sorted_idx + 1 : 0;
-
-       if (trans->in_traverse_all &&
-           trans->traverse_all_idx != U8_MAX &&
-           trans->traverse_all_idx >= path->sorted_idx)
-               trans->traverse_all_idx++;
+       path->sorted_idx = pos ? pos->sorted_idx + 1 : trans->nr_sorted;
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
+       memmove_u64s_up_small(trans->sorted + path->sorted_idx + 1,
+                             trans->sorted + path->sorted_idx,
+                             DIV_ROUND_UP(trans->nr_sorted - path->sorted_idx, 8));
+       trans->nr_sorted++;
+       trans->sorted[path->sorted_idx] = path->idx;
+#else
        array_insert_item(trans->sorted, trans->nr_sorted, path->sorted_idx, path->idx);
+#endif
 
        for (i = path->sorted_idx; i < trans->nr_sorted; i++)
                trans->paths[trans->sorted[i]].sorted_idx = i;
@@ -2630,12 +2706,12 @@ static inline void btree_path_list_add(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 void bch2_trans_iter_exit(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-       if (iter->path)
-               bch2_path_put(trans, iter->path,
-                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
        if (iter->update_path)
                bch2_path_put_nokeep(trans, iter->update_path,
                              iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       if (iter->path)
+               bch2_path_put(trans, iter->path,
+                             iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
        if (iter->key_cache_path)
                bch2_path_put(trans, iter->key_cache_path,
                              iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
@@ -2644,72 +2720,14 @@ void bch2_trans_iter_exit(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter)
        iter->key_cache_path = NULL;
 }
 
-static inline void __bch2_trans_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                         struct btree_iter *iter,
-                                         unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
-                                         unsigned locks_want,
-                                         unsigned depth,
-                                         unsigned flags,
-                                         unsigned long ip)
-{
-       if (unlikely(trans->restarted))
-               panic("bch2_trans_iter_init(): in transaction restart, %s by %pS\n",
-                     bch2_err_str(trans->restarted),
-                     (void *) trans->last_restarted_ip);
-
-       if (flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_LEVELS)
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|__BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS;
-
-       if (!(flags & (BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS)) &&
-           btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_id))
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
-
-       if (!(flags & __BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
-           !btree_type_has_snapshots(btree_id))
-               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS;
-
-       if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS) &&
-           btree_type_has_snapshots(btree_id))
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_FILTER_SNAPSHOTS;
-
-       if (trans->journal_replay_not_finished)
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_WITH_JOURNAL;
-
-       iter->trans     = trans;
-       iter->path      = NULL;
-       iter->update_path = NULL;
-       iter->key_cache_path = NULL;
-       iter->btree_id  = btree_id;
-       iter->min_depth = depth;
-       iter->flags     = flags;
-       iter->snapshot  = pos.snapshot;
-       iter->pos       = pos;
-       iter->k.type    = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
-       iter->k.p       = pos;
-       iter->k.size    = 0;
-       iter->journal_idx = 0;
-       iter->journal_pos = POS_MIN;
-#ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
-       iter->ip_allocated = ip;
-#endif
-
-       iter->path = bch2_path_get(trans, btree_id, iter->pos,
-                                  locks_want, depth, flags, ip);
-}
-
-void bch2_trans_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
+void bch2_trans_iter_init_outlined(struct btree_trans *trans,
                          struct btree_iter *iter,
                          unsigned btree_id, struct bpos pos,
                          unsigned flags)
 {
-       if (!btree_id_cached(trans->c, btree_id)) {
-               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_CACHED;
-               flags &= ~BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE;
-       } else if (!(flags & BTREE_ITER_CACHED))
-               flags |= BTREE_ITER_WITH_KEY_CACHE;
-
-       __bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id, pos,
-                              0, 0, flags, _RET_IP_);
+       bch2_trans_iter_init_common(trans, iter, btree_id, pos, 0, 0,
+                              bch2_btree_iter_flags(trans, btree_id, flags),
+                              _RET_IP_);
 }
 
 void bch2_trans_node_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -2720,11 +2738,16 @@ void bch2_trans_node_iter_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
                               unsigned depth,
                               unsigned flags)
 {
-       __bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, iter, btree_id, pos, locks_want, depth,
-                              BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS|
-                              __BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|
-                              BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS|
-                              flags, _RET_IP_);
+       flags |= BTREE_ITER_NOT_EXTENTS;
+       flags |= __BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS;
+       flags |= BTREE_ITER_ALL_SNAPSHOTS;
+
+       bch2_trans_iter_init_common(trans, iter, btree_id, pos, locks_want, depth,
+                              __bch2_btree_iter_flags(trans, btree_id, flags),
+                              _RET_IP_);
+
+       iter->min_depth = depth;
+
        BUG_ON(iter->path->locks_want    < min(locks_want, BTREE_MAX_DEPTH));
        BUG_ON(iter->path->level        != depth);
        BUG_ON(iter->min_depth          != depth);
@@ -2745,6 +2768,7 @@ void *__bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
        unsigned new_top = trans->mem_top + size;
        size_t old_bytes = trans->mem_bytes;
        size_t new_bytes = roundup_pow_of_two(new_top);
+       int ret;
        void *new_mem;
        void *p;
 
@@ -2752,15 +2776,27 @@ void *__bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
 
        WARN_ON_ONCE(new_bytes > BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX);
 
-       new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
-       if (!new_mem && new_bytes <= BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX) {
-               new_mem = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_trans_mem_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
-               new_bytes = BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX;
-               kfree(trans->mem);
-       }
+       new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_NOWAIT|__GFP_NOWARN);
+       if (unlikely(!new_mem)) {
+               bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+
+               new_mem = krealloc(trans->mem, new_bytes, GFP_KERNEL);
+               if (!new_mem && new_bytes <= BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX) {
+                       new_mem = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_trans_mem_pool, GFP_KERNEL);
+                       new_bytes = BTREE_TRANS_MEM_MAX;
+                       kfree(trans->mem);
+               }
 
-       if (!new_mem)
-               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+               if (!new_mem)
+                       return ERR_PTR(-BCH_ERR_ENOMEM_trans_kmalloc);
+
+               trans->mem = new_mem;
+               trans->mem_bytes = new_bytes;
+
+               ret = bch2_trans_relock(trans);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ERR_PTR(ret);
+       }
 
        trans->mem = new_mem;
        trans->mem_bytes = new_bytes;
@@ -2776,6 +2812,20 @@ void *__bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
        return p;
 }
 
+static noinline void bch2_trans_reset_srcu_lock(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct btree_path *path;
+
+       trans_for_each_path(trans, path)
+               if (path->cached && !btree_node_locked(path, 0))
+                       path->l[0].b = ERR_PTR(-BCH_ERR_no_btree_node_srcu_reset);
+
+       srcu_read_unlock(&c->btree_trans_barrier, trans->srcu_idx);
+       trans->srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+       trans->srcu_lock_time   = jiffies;
+}
+
 /**
  * bch2_trans_begin() - reset a transaction after a interrupted attempt
  * @trans: transaction to reset
@@ -2787,20 +2837,13 @@ void *__bch2_trans_kmalloc(struct btree_trans *trans, size_t size)
 u32 bch2_trans_begin(struct btree_trans *trans)
 {
        struct btree_path *path;
+       u64 now;
 
        bch2_trans_reset_updates(trans);
 
        trans->restart_count++;
        trans->mem_top                  = 0;
 
-       if (trans->fs_usage_deltas) {
-               trans->fs_usage_deltas->used = 0;
-               memset((void *) trans->fs_usage_deltas +
-                      offsetof(struct replicas_delta_list, memset_start), 0,
-                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_end -
-                      (void *) &trans->fs_usage_deltas->memset_start);
-       }
-
        trans_for_each_path(trans, path) {
                path->should_be_locked = false;
 
@@ -2823,30 +2866,27 @@ u32 bch2_trans_begin(struct btree_trans *trans)
                        path->preserve = false;
        }
 
+       now = local_clock();
        if (!trans->restarted &&
            (need_resched() ||
-            local_clock() - trans->last_begin_time > BTREE_TRANS_MAX_LOCK_HOLD_TIME_NS)) {
-               bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
-               cond_resched();
-               bch2_trans_relock(trans);
+            now - trans->last_begin_time > BTREE_TRANS_MAX_LOCK_HOLD_TIME_NS)) {
+               drop_locks_do(trans, (cond_resched(), 0));
+               now = local_clock();
        }
+       trans->last_begin_time = now;
+
+       if (unlikely(time_after(jiffies, trans->srcu_lock_time + msecs_to_jiffies(10))))
+               bch2_trans_reset_srcu_lock(trans);
 
-       trans->last_restarted_ip = _RET_IP_;
-       if (trans->restarted)
+       trans->last_begin_ip = _RET_IP_;
+       if (trans->restarted) {
                bch2_btree_path_traverse_all(trans);
+               trans->notrace_relock_fail = false;
+       }
 
-       trans->last_begin_time = local_clock();
        return trans->restart_count;
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_verify_not_restarted(struct btree_trans *trans, u32 restart_count)
-{
-       if (trans_was_restarted(trans, restart_count))
-               panic("trans->restart_count %u, should be %u, last restarted by %pS\n",
-                     trans->restart_count, restart_count,
-                     (void *) trans->last_restarted_ip);
-}
-
 static void bch2_trans_alloc_paths(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        size_t paths_bytes      = sizeof(struct btree_path) * BTREE_ITER_MAX;
@@ -2860,6 +2900,10 @@ static void bch2_trans_alloc_paths(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c)
 #endif
        if (!p)
                p = mempool_alloc(&trans->c->btree_paths_pool, GFP_NOFS);
+       /*
+        * paths need to be zeroed, bch2_check_for_deadlock looks at paths in
+        * other threads
+        */
 
        trans->paths            = p; p += paths_bytes;
        trans->updates          = p; p += updates_bytes;
@@ -2886,9 +2930,8 @@ void __bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c, unsigned fn_
        __acquires(&c->btree_trans_barrier)
 {
        struct btree_transaction_stats *s;
-       struct btree_trans *pos;
 
-       BUG_ON(lock_class_is_held(&bch2_btree_node_lock_key));
+       bch2_assert_btree_nodes_not_locked();
 
        memset(trans, 0, sizeof(*trans));
        trans->c                = c;
@@ -2916,21 +2959,38 @@ void __bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_fs *c, unsigned fn_
                        trans->mem_bytes = expected_mem_bytes;
                }
        }
-       if (s)
+
+       if (s) {
                trans->nr_max_paths = s->nr_max_paths;
+               trans->wb_updates_size = s->wb_updates_size;
+       }
 
        trans->srcu_idx = srcu_read_lock(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
+       trans->srcu_lock_time   = jiffies;
+
+       if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG_TRANSACTIONS)) {
+               struct btree_trans *pos;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
-       list_for_each_entry(pos, &c->btree_trans_list, list) {
-               if (trans->locking_wait.task->pid < pos->locking_wait.task->pid) {
-                       list_add_tail(&trans->list, &pos->list);
-                       goto list_add_done;
+               seqmutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+               list_for_each_entry(pos, &c->btree_trans_list, list) {
+                       /*
+                        * We'd much prefer to be stricter here and completely
+                        * disallow multiple btree_trans in the same thread -
+                        * but the data move path calls bch2_write when we
+                        * already have a btree_trans initialized.
+                        */
+                       BUG_ON(trans->locking_wait.task->pid == pos->locking_wait.task->pid &&
+                              bch2_trans_locked(pos));
+
+                       if (trans->locking_wait.task->pid < pos->locking_wait.task->pid) {
+                               list_add_tail(&trans->list, &pos->list);
+                               goto list_add_done;
+                       }
                }
-       }
-       list_add_tail(&trans->list, &c->btree_trans_list);
+               list_add_tail(&trans->list, &c->btree_trans_list);
 list_add_done:
-       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+               seqmutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       }
 }
 
 static void check_btree_paths_leaked(struct btree_trans *trans)
@@ -2964,6 +3024,12 @@ void bch2_trans_exit(struct btree_trans *trans)
 
        bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
 
+       if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG_TRANSACTIONS)) {
+               seqmutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+               list_del(&trans->list);
+               seqmutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       }
+
        closure_sync(&trans->ref);
 
        if (s)
@@ -2975,10 +3041,6 @@ void bch2_trans_exit(struct btree_trans *trans)
 
        check_btree_paths_leaked(trans);
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
-       list_del(&trans->list);
-       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_trans_lock);
-
        srcu_read_unlock(&c->btree_trans_barrier, trans->srcu_idx);
 
        bch2_journal_preres_put(&c->journal, &trans->journal_preres);
@@ -3041,7 +3103,7 @@ void bch2_btree_trans_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_trans *trans)
        struct btree_path *path;
        struct btree_bkey_cached_common *b;
        static char lock_types[] = { 'r', 'i', 'w' };
-       unsigned l;
+       unsigned l, idx;
 
        if (!out->nr_tabstops) {
                printbuf_tabstop_push(out, 16);
@@ -3050,7 +3112,7 @@ void bch2_btree_trans_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_trans *trans)
 
        prt_printf(out, "%i %s\n", trans->locking_wait.task->pid, trans->fn);
 
-       trans_for_each_path(trans, path) {
+       trans_for_each_path_safe(trans, path, idx) {
                if (!path->nodes_locked)
                        continue;
 
@@ -3075,7 +3137,9 @@ void bch2_btree_trans_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct btree_trans *trans)
 
        b = READ_ONCE(trans->locking);
        if (b) {
-               prt_str(out, "  want");
+               prt_printf(out, "  blocked for %lluus on",
+                          div_u64(local_clock() - trans->locking_wait.start_time,
+                                  1000));
                prt_newline(out);
                prt_printf(out, "    %c", lock_types[trans->locking_wait.lock_want]);
                bch2_btree_bkey_cached_common_to_text(out, b);
@@ -3089,8 +3153,10 @@ void bch2_fs_btree_iter_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
 
        for (s = c->btree_transaction_stats;
             s < c->btree_transaction_stats + ARRAY_SIZE(c->btree_transaction_stats);
-            s++)
+            s++) {
                kfree(s->max_paths_text);
+               bch2_time_stats_exit(&s->lock_hold_times);
+       }
 
        if (c->btree_trans_barrier_initialized)
                cleanup_srcu_struct(&c->btree_trans_barrier);
@@ -3100,14 +3166,19 @@ void bch2_fs_btree_iter_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 int bch2_fs_btree_iter_init(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       unsigned i, nr = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
+       struct btree_transaction_stats *s;
+       unsigned nr = BTREE_ITER_MAX;
        int ret;
 
-       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->btree_transaction_stats); i++)
-               mutex_init(&c->btree_transaction_stats[i].lock);
+       for (s = c->btree_transaction_stats;
+            s < c->btree_transaction_stats + ARRAY_SIZE(c->btree_transaction_stats);
+            s++) {
+               bch2_time_stats_init(&s->lock_hold_times);
+               mutex_init(&s->lock);
+       }
 
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_trans_list);
-       mutex_init(&c->btree_trans_lock);
+       seqmutex_init(&c->btree_trans_lock);
 
        ret   = mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_paths_pool, 1,
                        sizeof(struct btree_path) * nr +