]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/buckets.c
Update bcachefs sources to bdf6d7c135 fixup! bcachefs: Kill journal buf bloom filter
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / buckets.c
index 78d43997b8d37beef7db98080d4b0c6f16aef4fb..c5c904d9c29b77d40010c723b16e1d41fe6ee3d1 100644 (file)
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "btree_gc.h"
 #include "btree_update.h"
 #include "buckets.h"
+#include "buckets_waiting_for_journal.h"
 #include "ec.h"
 #include "error.h"
 #include "inode.h"
@@ -43,43 +44,6 @@ static inline void fs_usage_data_type_to_base(struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
        }
 }
 
-/*
- * Clear journal_seq_valid for buckets for which it's not needed, to prevent
- * wraparound:
- */
-void bch2_bucket_seq_cleanup(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-       u64 journal_seq = atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq);
-       u16 last_seq_ondisk = c->journal.flushed_seq_ondisk;
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       struct bucket_array *buckets;
-       struct bucket *g;
-       struct bucket_mark m;
-       unsigned i;
-
-       if (journal_seq - c->last_bucket_seq_cleanup <
-           (1U << (BUCKET_JOURNAL_SEQ_BITS - 2)))
-               return;
-
-       c->last_bucket_seq_cleanup = journal_seq;
-
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i) {
-               down_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
-               buckets = bucket_array(ca);
-
-               for_each_bucket(g, buckets) {
-                       bucket_cmpxchg(g, m, ({
-                               if (!m.journal_seq_valid ||
-                                   bucket_needs_journal_commit(m, last_seq_ondisk))
-                                       break;
-
-                               m.journal_seq_valid = 0;
-                       }));
-               }
-               up_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
-       }
-}
-
 void bch2_fs_usage_initialize(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_fs_usage *usage;
@@ -315,44 +279,22 @@ bch2_fs_usage_read_short(struct bch_fs *c)
        return ret;
 }
 
-static inline int is_unavailable_bucket(struct bucket_mark m)
+void bch2_dev_usage_init(struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
-       return !is_available_bucket(m);
+       ca->usage_base->d[BCH_DATA_free].buckets = ca->mi.nbuckets - ca->mi.first_bucket;
 }
 
 static inline int bucket_sectors_fragmented(struct bch_dev *ca,
-                                           struct bucket_mark m)
+                                           struct bch_alloc_v4 a)
 {
-       return bucket_sectors_used(m)
-               ? max(0, (int) ca->mi.bucket_size - (int) bucket_sectors_used(m))
+       return a.dirty_sectors
+               ? max(0, (int) ca->mi.bucket_size - (int) a.dirty_sectors)
                : 0;
 }
 
-static inline int is_stripe_data_bucket(struct bucket_mark m)
-{
-       return m.stripe && m.data_type != BCH_DATA_parity;
-}
-
-static inline enum bch_data_type bucket_type(struct bucket_mark m)
-{
-       return m.cached_sectors && !m.dirty_sectors
-               ? BCH_DATA_cached
-               : m.data_type;
-}
-
-static inline void account_bucket(struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                                 struct bch_dev_usage *dev_usage,
-                                 enum bch_data_type type,
-                                 int nr, s64 size)
-{
-       if (type == BCH_DATA_sb || type == BCH_DATA_journal)
-               fs_usage->hidden        += size;
-
-       dev_usage->d[type].buckets      += nr;
-}
-
 static void bch2_dev_usage_update(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
-                                 struct bucket_mark old, struct bucket_mark new,
+                                 struct bch_alloc_v4 old,
+                                 struct bch_alloc_v4 new,
                                  u64 journal_seq, bool gc)
 {
        struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage;
@@ -360,32 +302,52 @@ static void bch2_dev_usage_update(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
        preempt_disable();
        fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, journal_seq, gc);
-       u = dev_usage_ptr(ca, journal_seq, gc);
 
-       if (bucket_type(old))
-               account_bucket(fs_usage, u, bucket_type(old),
-                              -1, -ca->mi.bucket_size);
+       if (data_type_is_hidden(old.data_type))
+               fs_usage->hidden -= ca->mi.bucket_size;
+       if (data_type_is_hidden(new.data_type))
+               fs_usage->hidden += ca->mi.bucket_size;
+
+       u = dev_usage_ptr(ca, journal_seq, gc);
 
-       if (bucket_type(new))
-               account_bucket(fs_usage, u, bucket_type(new),
-                              1, ca->mi.bucket_size);
+       u->d[old.data_type].buckets--;
+       u->d[new.data_type].buckets++;
 
-       u->buckets_ec += (int) new.stripe - (int) old.stripe;
-       u->buckets_unavailable +=
-               is_unavailable_bucket(new) - is_unavailable_bucket(old);
+       u->buckets_ec -= (int) !!old.stripe;
+       u->buckets_ec += (int) !!new.stripe;
 
        u->d[old.data_type].sectors -= old.dirty_sectors;
        u->d[new.data_type].sectors += new.dirty_sectors;
-       u->d[BCH_DATA_cached].sectors +=
-               (int) new.cached_sectors - (int) old.cached_sectors;
+
+       u->d[BCH_DATA_cached].sectors += new.cached_sectors;
+       u->d[BCH_DATA_cached].sectors -= old.cached_sectors;
 
        u->d[old.data_type].fragmented -= bucket_sectors_fragmented(ca, old);
        u->d[new.data_type].fragmented += bucket_sectors_fragmented(ca, new);
 
        preempt_enable();
+}
 
-       if (!is_available_bucket(old) && is_available_bucket(new))
-               bch2_wake_allocator(ca);
+static void bch2_dev_usage_update_m(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
+                                   struct bucket old, struct bucket new,
+                                   u64 journal_seq, bool gc)
+{
+       struct bch_alloc_v4 old_a = {
+               .gen            = old.gen,
+               .data_type      = old.data_type,
+               .dirty_sectors  = old.dirty_sectors,
+               .cached_sectors = old.cached_sectors,
+               .stripe         = old.stripe,
+       };
+       struct bch_alloc_v4 new_a = {
+               .gen            = new.gen,
+               .data_type      = new.data_type,
+               .dirty_sectors  = new.dirty_sectors,
+               .cached_sectors = new.cached_sectors,
+               .stripe         = new.stripe,
+       };
+
+       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old_a, new_a, journal_seq, gc);
 }
 
 static inline int __update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -409,22 +371,22 @@ static inline int update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 {
        struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *fs_usage;
        int idx, ret = 0;
-       char buf[200];
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
        percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       buf.atomic++;
 
        idx = bch2_replicas_entry_idx(c, r);
        if (idx < 0 &&
-           (test_bit(BCH_FS_REBUILD_REPLICAS, &c->flags) ||
-            fsck_err(c, "no replicas entry\n"
-                     "  while marking %s",
-                     (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf)))) {
+           fsck_err(c, "no replicas entry\n"
+                    "  while marking %s",
+                    (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
                percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
                ret = bch2_mark_replicas(c, r);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-
                percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+
+               if (ret)
+                       goto err;
                idx = bch2_replicas_entry_idx(c, r);
        }
        if (idx < 0) {
@@ -440,6 +402,7 @@ static inline int update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 err:
 fsck_err:
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -518,31 +481,15 @@ static inline void update_cached_sectors_list(struct btree_trans *trans,
        update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors);
 }
 
-void bch2_mark_alloc_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
-                           size_t b, bool owned_by_allocator)
-{
-       struct bucket *g = bucket(ca, b);
-       struct bucket_mark old, new;
-
-       old = bucket_cmpxchg(g, new, ({
-               new.owned_by_allocator  = owned_by_allocator;
-       }));
-
-       BUG_ON(owned_by_allocator == old.owned_by_allocator);
-}
-
-static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                          struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                          unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                   struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                   unsigned flags)
 {
        bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
        u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked old_u = bch2_alloc_unpack(old);
-       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked new_u = bch2_alloc_unpack(new);
+       struct bch_alloc_v4 old_a, new_a;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
-       struct bucket *g;
-       struct bucket_mark old_m, m;
        int ret = 0;
 
        /*
@@ -552,10 +499,20 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
            !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_BUCKET_INVALIDATE))
                return 0;
 
+       if (bch2_trans_inconsistent_on(!bch2_dev_bucket_exists(c, new.k->p), trans,
+                                      "alloc key for invalid device or bucket"))
+               return -EIO;
+
+       ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, new.k->p.inode);
+
+       bch2_alloc_to_v4(old, &old_a);
+       bch2_alloc_to_v4(new, &new_a);
+
        if ((flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT) &&
-           !old_u.data_type != !new_u.data_type &&
-           new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_alloc_v3) {
-               struct bch_alloc_v3 *v = (struct bch_alloc_v3 *) new.v;
+           data_type_is_empty(old_a.data_type) !=
+           data_type_is_empty(new_a.data_type) &&
+           new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_alloc_v4) {
+               struct bch_alloc_v4 *v = (struct bch_alloc_v4 *) new.v;
 
                BUG_ON(!journal_seq);
 
@@ -564,43 +521,64 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
                 * before the bucket became empty again, then the we don't have
                 * to wait on a journal flush before we can reuse the bucket:
                 */
-               v->journal_seq = !new_u.data_type &&
-                       bch2_journal_noflush_seq(&c->journal, journal_seq)
-                       ? 0 : cpu_to_le64(journal_seq);
+               new_a.journal_seq = data_type_is_empty(new_a.data_type) &&
+                       (journal_seq == v->journal_seq ||
+                        bch2_journal_noflush_seq(&c->journal, v->journal_seq))
+                       ? 0 : journal_seq;
+               v->journal_seq = new_a.journal_seq;
        }
 
-       ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, new.k->p.inode);
+       if (!data_type_is_empty(old_a.data_type) &&
+           data_type_is_empty(new_a.data_type) &&
+           new_a.journal_seq) {
+               ret = bch2_set_bucket_needs_journal_commit(&c->buckets_waiting_for_journal,
+                               c->journal.flushed_seq_ondisk,
+                               new.k->p.inode, new.k->p.offset,
+                               new_a.journal_seq);
+               if (ret) {
+                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
+                               "error setting bucket_needs_journal_commit: %i", ret);
+                       return ret;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (new.k->p.offset >= ca->mi.nbuckets)
-               return 0;
+       if (new_a.data_type == BCH_DATA_free &&
+           (!new_a.journal_seq || new_a.journal_seq < c->journal.flushed_seq_ondisk))
+               closure_wake_up(&c->freelist_wait);
+
+       if (new_a.data_type == BCH_DATA_need_discard &&
+           (!new_a.journal_seq || new_a.journal_seq < c->journal.flushed_seq_ondisk))
+               bch2_do_discards(c);
+
+       if (old_a.data_type != BCH_DATA_cached &&
+           new_a.data_type == BCH_DATA_cached &&
+           should_invalidate_buckets(ca, bch2_dev_usage_read(ca)))
+               bch2_do_invalidates(c);
+
+       if (new_a.data_type == BCH_DATA_need_gc_gens)
+               bch2_do_gc_gens(c);
 
        percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
-       if (!gc && new_u.gen != old_u.gen)
-               *bucket_gen(ca, new.k->p.offset) = new_u.gen;
+       if (!gc && new_a.gen != old_a.gen)
+               *bucket_gen(ca, new.k->p.offset) = new_a.gen;
 
-       g = __bucket(ca, new.k->p.offset, gc);
+       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old_a, new_a, journal_seq, gc);
 
-       old_m = bucket_cmpxchg(g, m, ({
-               m.gen                   = new_u.gen;
-               m.data_type             = new_u.data_type;
-               m.dirty_sectors         = new_u.dirty_sectors;
-               m.cached_sectors        = new_u.cached_sectors;
-               m.stripe                = new_u.stripe != 0;
+       if (gc) {
+               struct bucket *g = gc_bucket(ca, new.k->p.offset);
 
-               if (journal_seq) {
-                       m.journal_seq_valid     = 1;
-                       m.journal_seq           = journal_seq;
-               }
-       }));
+               bucket_lock(g);
 
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old_m, m, journal_seq, gc);
+               g->gen_valid            = 1;
+               g->gen                  = new_a.gen;
+               g->data_type            = new_a.data_type;
+               g->stripe               = new_a.stripe;
+               g->stripe_redundancy    = new_a.stripe_redundancy;
+               g->dirty_sectors        = new_a.dirty_sectors;
+               g->cached_sectors       = new_a.cached_sectors;
 
-       g->io_time[READ]        = new_u.read_time;
-       g->io_time[WRITE]       = new_u.write_time;
-       g->oldest_gen           = new_u.oldest_gen;
-       g->gen_valid            = 1;
-       g->stripe               = new_u.stripe;
-       g->stripe_redundancy    = new_u.stripe_redundancy;
+               bucket_unlock(g);
+       }
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
        /*
@@ -609,40 +587,26 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
         */
 
        if ((flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_BUCKET_INVALIDATE) &&
-           old_m.cached_sectors) {
+           old_a.cached_sectors) {
                ret = update_cached_sectors(c, new, ca->dev_idx,
-                                           -old_m.cached_sectors,
+                                           -old_a.cached_sectors,
                                            journal_seq, gc);
                if (ret) {
                        bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "bch2_mark_alloc(): no replicas entry while updating cached sectors");
                        return ret;
                }
-
-               trace_invalidate(ca, bucket_to_sector(ca, new.k->p.offset),
-                                old_m.cached_sectors);
        }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-#define checked_add(a, b)                                      \
-({                                                             \
-       unsigned _res = (unsigned) (a) + (b);                   \
-       bool overflow = _res > U16_MAX;                         \
-       if (overflow)                                           \
-               _res = U16_MAX;                                 \
-       (a) = _res;                                             \
-       overflow;                                               \
-})
-
-void bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
-                              size_t b, enum bch_data_type data_type,
-                              unsigned sectors, struct gc_pos pos,
-                              unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
+                             size_t b, enum bch_data_type data_type,
+                             unsigned sectors, struct gc_pos pos,
+                             unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bucket *g;
-       struct bucket_mark old, new;
-       bool overflow;
+       struct bucket old, new, *g;
+       int ret = 0;
 
        BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
        BUG_ON(data_type != BCH_DATA_sb &&
@@ -652,39 +616,51 @@ void bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
         * Backup superblock might be past the end of our normal usable space:
         */
        if (b >= ca->mi.nbuckets)
-               return;
+               return 0;
 
        percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
        g = gc_bucket(ca, b);
-       old = bucket_cmpxchg(g, new, ({
-               new.data_type   = data_type;
-               overflow = checked_add(new.dirty_sectors, sectors);
-       }));
-
-       bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(old.data_type &&
-                               old.data_type != data_type, c,
-               "different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s",
-               bch2_data_types[old.data_type],
-               bch2_data_types[data_type]);
-
-       bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(overflow, c,
-               "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s sector count overflow: %u + %u > U16_MAX",
-               ca->dev_idx, b, new.gen,
-               bch2_data_types[old.data_type ?: data_type],
-               old.dirty_sectors, sectors);
-
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old, new, 0, true);
+
+       bucket_lock(g);
+       old = *g;
+
+       if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(g->data_type &&
+                       g->data_type != data_type, c,
+                       "different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s",
+                       bch2_data_types[g->data_type],
+                       bch2_data_types[data_type])) {
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on((u64) g->dirty_sectors + sectors > ca->mi.bucket_size, c,
+                       "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s sector count overflow: %u + %u > bucket size",
+                       ca->dev_idx, b, g->gen,
+                       bch2_data_types[g->data_type ?: data_type],
+                       g->dirty_sectors, sectors)) {
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+
+       g->data_type = data_type;
+       g->dirty_sectors += sectors;
+       new = *g;
+err:
+       bucket_unlock(g);
+       if (!ret)
+               bch2_dev_usage_update_m(c, ca, old, new, 0, true);
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 static s64 ptr_disk_sectors(s64 sectors, struct extent_ptr_decoded p)
 {
        EBUG_ON(sectors < 0);
 
-       return p.crc.compression_type &&
-               p.crc.compression_type != BCH_COMPRESSION_TYPE_incompressible
+       return crc_is_compressed(p.crc)
                ? DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL(sectors * p.crc.compressed_size,
-                              p.crc.uncompressed_size)
+                                  p.crc.uncompressed_size)
                : sectors;
 }
 
@@ -692,83 +668,103 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct bch_fs *c,
                            struct bkey_s_c k,
                            const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
                            s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type ptr_data_type,
-                           u8 bucket_gen, u8 bucket_data_type,
-                           u16 dirty_sectors, u16 cached_sectors)
+                           u8 b_gen, u8 bucket_data_type,
+                           u32 dirty_sectors, u32 cached_sectors)
 {
-       size_t bucket_nr = PTR_BUCKET_NR(bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev), ptr);
+       struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
+       size_t bucket_nr = PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr);
        u16 bucket_sectors = !ptr->cached
                ? dirty_sectors
                : cached_sectors;
-       char buf[200];
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       if (gen_after(ptr->gen, bucket_gen)) {
+       if (bucket_data_type == BCH_DATA_cached)
+               bucket_data_type = BCH_DATA_user;
+
+       if (gen_after(ptr->gen, b_gen)) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
                        "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u newer than bucket gen\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, bucket_gen,
+                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
                        bch2_data_types[bucket_data_type ?: ptr_data_type],
                        ptr->gen,
-                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
-               return -EIO;
+                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf));
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       if (gen_cmp(bucket_gen, ptr->gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX) {
+       if (gen_cmp(b_gen, ptr->gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
                        "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, bucket_gen,
+                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
                        bch2_data_types[bucket_data_type ?: ptr_data_type],
                        ptr->gen,
-                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
-               return -EIO;
+                       (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf));
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       if (bucket_gen != ptr->gen && !ptr->cached) {
+       if (b_gen != ptr->gen && !ptr->cached) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
-                       "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: stale dirty ptr (gen %u)\n"
+                       "bucket %u:%zu gen %u (mem gen %u) data type %s: stale dirty ptr (gen %u)\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, bucket_gen,
+                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
+                       *bucket_gen(ca, bucket_nr),
                        bch2_data_types[bucket_data_type ?: ptr_data_type],
                        ptr->gen,
-                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
-               return -EIO;
+                       (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf));
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       if (bucket_gen != ptr->gen)
-               return 1;
+       if (b_gen != ptr->gen) {
+               ret = 1;
+               goto err;
+       }
 
-       if (bucket_data_type && ptr_data_type &&
+       if (!data_type_is_empty(bucket_data_type) &&
+           ptr_data_type &&
            bucket_data_type != ptr_data_type) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
                        "bucket %u:%zu gen %u different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, bucket_gen,
+                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
                        bch2_data_types[bucket_data_type],
                        bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type],
-                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
-               return -EIO;
+                       (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf));
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       if ((unsigned) (bucket_sectors + sectors) > U16_MAX) {
+       if ((unsigned) (bucket_sectors + sectors) > U32_MAX) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
                        "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s sector count overflow: %u + %lli > U16_MAX\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, bucket_gen,
+                       ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
                        bch2_data_types[bucket_data_type ?: ptr_data_type],
                        bucket_sectors, sectors,
-                       (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
-               return -EIO;
+                       (printbuf_reset(&buf),
+                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf));
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
        }
-
-       return 0;
+err:
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 static int mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
                              struct bkey_s_c k,
                              unsigned ptr_idx,
-                             u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+                             unsigned flags)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
        const struct bch_stripe *s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v;
        unsigned nr_data = s->nr_blocks - s->nr_redundant;
        bool parity = ptr_idx >= nr_data;
@@ -776,9 +772,8 @@ static int mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
        s64 sectors = parity ? le16_to_cpu(s->sectors) : 0;
        const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr = s->ptrs + ptr_idx;
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
-       struct bucket *g;
-       struct bucket_mark new, old;
-       char buf[200];
+       struct bucket old, new, *g;
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
        int ret = 0;
 
        BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
@@ -786,45 +781,42 @@ static int mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
        /* * XXX doesn't handle deletion */
 
        percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       buf.atomic++;
        g = PTR_GC_BUCKET(ca, ptr);
 
-       if (g->mark.dirty_sectors ||
+       if (g->dirty_sectors ||
            (g->stripe && g->stripe != k.k->p.offset)) {
                bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
                              "bucket %u:%zu gen %u: multiple stripes using same bucket\n%s",
-                             ptr->dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr), g->mark.gen,
-                             (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
+                             ptr->dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr), g->gen,
+                             (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf));
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto err;
        }
 
-       old = bucket_cmpxchg(g, new, ({
-               ret = check_bucket_ref(c, k, ptr, sectors, data_type,
-                                      new.gen, new.data_type,
-                                      new.dirty_sectors, new.cached_sectors);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-
-               new.dirty_sectors += sectors;
-               if (data_type)
-                       new.data_type           = data_type;
+       bucket_lock(g);
+       old = *g;
 
-               if (journal_seq) {
-                       new.journal_seq_valid   = 1;
-                       new.journal_seq         = journal_seq;
-               }
+       ret = check_bucket_ref(c, k, ptr, sectors, data_type,
+                              g->gen, g->data_type,
+                              g->dirty_sectors, g->cached_sectors);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
-               new.stripe = true;
-       }));
+       if (data_type)
+               g->data_type = data_type;
+       g->dirty_sectors += sectors;
 
        g->stripe               = k.k->p.offset;
        g->stripe_redundancy    = s->nr_redundant;
-
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old, new, journal_seq, true);
+       new = *g;
 err:
+       bucket_unlock(g);
+       if (!ret)
+               bch2_dev_usage_update_m(c, ca, old, new, journal_seq, true);
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
-
-       return 0;
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 static int __mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -832,9 +824,9 @@ static int __mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
                          const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
                          s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type ptr_data_type,
                          u8 bucket_gen, u8 *bucket_data_type,
-                         u16 *dirty_sectors, u16 *cached_sectors)
+                         u32 *dirty_sectors, u32 *cached_sectors)
 {
-       u16 *dst_sectors = !ptr->cached
+       u32 *dst_sectors = !ptr->cached
                ? dirty_sectors
                : cached_sectors;
        int ret = check_bucket_ref(trans->c, k, ptr, sectors, ptr_data_type,
@@ -858,48 +850,31 @@ static int bch2_mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
 {
        u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct bucket_mark old, new;
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, p.ptr.dev);
-       struct bucket *g;
+       struct bucket old, new, *g;
        u8 bucket_data_type;
-       u64 v;
        int ret = 0;
 
        BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
 
        percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
        g = PTR_GC_BUCKET(ca, &p.ptr);
-
-       v = atomic64_read(&g->_mark.v);
-       do {
-               new.v.counter = old.v.counter = v;
-               bucket_data_type = new.data_type;
-
-               ret = __mark_pointer(trans, k, &p.ptr, sectors,
-                                    data_type, new.gen,
-                                    &bucket_data_type,
-                                    &new.dirty_sectors,
-                                    &new.cached_sectors);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-
-               new.data_type = bucket_data_type;
-
-               if (journal_seq) {
-                       new.journal_seq_valid = 1;
-                       new.journal_seq = journal_seq;
-               }
-
-               if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_NOATOMIC) {
-                       g->_mark = new;
-                       break;
-               }
-       } while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&g->_mark.v,
-                             old.v.counter,
-                             new.v.counter)) != old.v.counter);
-
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old, new, journal_seq, true);
-err:
+       bucket_lock(g);
+       old = *g;
+
+       bucket_data_type = g->data_type;
+       ret = __mark_pointer(trans, k, &p.ptr, sectors,
+                            data_type, g->gen,
+                            &bucket_data_type,
+                            &g->dirty_sectors,
+                            &g->cached_sectors);
+       if (!ret)
+               g->data_type = bucket_data_type;
+
+       new = *g;
+       bucket_unlock(g);
+       if (!ret)
+               bch2_dev_usage_update_m(c, ca, old, new, journal_seq, true);
        percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
        return ret;
@@ -946,9 +921,9 @@ static int bch2_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                           struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                           unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                    struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                    unsigned flags)
 {
        u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
@@ -1016,10 +991,11 @@ static int bch2_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (r.e.nr_devs) {
                ret = update_replicas(c, k, &r.e, dirty_sectors, journal_seq, true);
                if (ret) {
-                       char buf[200];
+                       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k);
-                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
+                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf.buf);
+                       printbuf_exit(&buf);
                        return ret;
                }
        }
@@ -1027,9 +1003,9 @@ static int bch2_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                           struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                           unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                    struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                    unsigned flags)
 {
        bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
        u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
@@ -1048,13 +1024,16 @@ static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
                struct stripe *m = genradix_ptr(&c->stripes, idx);
 
                if (!m || (old_s && !m->alive)) {
-                       char buf1[200], buf2[200];
+                       struct printbuf buf1 = PRINTBUF;
+                       struct printbuf buf2 = PRINTBUF;
 
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf1), c, old);
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf2), c, new);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf1, c, old);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf2, c, new);
                        bch_err_ratelimited(c, "error marking nonexistent stripe %llu while marking\n"
                                            "old %s\n"
-                                           "new %s", idx, buf1, buf2);
+                                           "new %s", idx, buf1.buf, buf2.buf);
+                       printbuf_exit(&buf2);
+                       printbuf_exit(&buf1);
                        bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
                        return -1;
                }
@@ -1110,7 +1089,7 @@ static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
                memset(m->block_sectors, 0, sizeof(m->block_sectors));
 
                for (i = 0; i < new_s->nr_blocks; i++) {
-                       ret = mark_stripe_bucket(trans, new, i, journal_seq, flags);
+                       ret = mark_stripe_bucket(trans, new, i, flags);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
@@ -1119,10 +1098,11 @@ static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                      ((s64) m->sectors * m->nr_redundant),
                                      journal_seq, gc);
                if (ret) {
-                       char buf[200];
+                       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, new);
-                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, new);
+                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf.buf);
+                       printbuf_exit(&buf);
                        return ret;
                }
        }
@@ -1130,9 +1110,9 @@ static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                          struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                          unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                   struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                   unsigned flags)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *fs_usage;
@@ -1161,9 +1141,9 @@ static int bch2_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                                unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                         struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                         unsigned flags)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
@@ -1193,18 +1173,24 @@ static int bch2_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static s64 __bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p,
+static s64 __bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p,
+                                u64 start, u64 end,
                                 u64 *idx, unsigned flags, size_t r_idx)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct reflink_gc *r;
        int add = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE) ? 1 : -1;
+       u64 next_idx = end;
        s64 ret = 0;
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
        if (r_idx >= c->reflink_gc_nr)
                goto not_found;
 
        r = genradix_ptr(&c->reflink_gc_table, r_idx);
-       if (*idx < r->offset - r->size)
+       next_idx = min(next_idx, r->offset - r->size);
+       if (*idx < next_idx)
                goto not_found;
 
        BUG_ON((s64) r->refcount + add < 0);
@@ -1213,37 +1199,37 @@ static s64 __bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p,
        *idx = r->offset;
        return 0;
 not_found:
-       *idx = U64_MAX;
-       ret = -EIO;
-
-       /*
-        * XXX: we're replacing the entire reflink pointer with an error
-        * key, we should just be replacing the part that was missing:
-        */
-       if (fsck_err(c, "%llu:%llu len %u points to nonexistent indirect extent %llu",
-                    p.k->p.inode, p.k->p.offset, p.k->size, *idx)) {
+       if (fsck_err(c, "pointer to missing indirect extent\n"
+                    "  %s\n"
+                    "  missing range %llu-%llu",
+                    (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, p.s_c), buf.buf),
+                    *idx, next_idx)) {
                struct bkey_i_error new;
 
                bkey_init(&new.k);
                new.k.type      = KEY_TYPE_error;
-               new.k.p         = p.k->p;
-               new.k.size      = p.k->size;
-               ret = bch2_journal_key_insert(c, BTREE_ID_extents, 0, &new.k_i);
+               new.k.p         = bkey_start_pos(p.k);
+               new.k.p.offset += *idx - start;
+               bch2_key_resize(&new.k, next_idx - *idx);
+               ret = __bch2_btree_insert(trans, BTREE_ID_extents, &new.k_i);
        }
+
+       *idx = next_idx;
 fsck_err:
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                              struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                              unsigned flags)
+int bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                       struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                       unsigned flags)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
        struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p = bkey_s_c_to_reflink_p(k);
        struct reflink_gc *ref;
        size_t l, r, m;
-       u64 idx = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx);
+       u64 idx = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx), start = idx;
        u64 end = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx) + p.k->size;
        int ret = 0;
 
@@ -1267,73 +1253,8 @@ static int bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
        }
 
        while (idx < end && !ret)
-               ret = __bch2_mark_reflink_p(c, p, &idx, flags, l++);
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
-int bch2_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                 struct bkey_s_c old,
-                 struct bkey_s_c new,
-                 unsigned flags)
-{
-       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
-
-       switch (k.k->type) {
-       case KEY_TYPE_alloc:
-       case KEY_TYPE_alloc_v2:
-       case KEY_TYPE_alloc_v3:
-               return bch2_mark_alloc(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr:
-       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2:
-       case KEY_TYPE_extent:
-       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_v:
-               return bch2_mark_extent(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_stripe:
-               return bch2_mark_stripe(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_inode:
-       case KEY_TYPE_inode_v2:
-               return bch2_mark_inode(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_reservation:
-               return bch2_mark_reservation(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_p:
-               return bch2_mark_reflink_p(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_snapshot:
-               return bch2_mark_snapshot(trans, old, new, flags);
-       default:
-               return 0;
-       }
-}
-
-int bch2_mark_update(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
-                    struct bkey_i *new, unsigned flags)
-{
-       struct bkey             _deleted = KEY(0, 0, 0);
-       struct bkey_s_c         deleted = (struct bkey_s_c) { &_deleted, NULL };
-       struct bkey_s_c         old;
-       struct bkey             unpacked;
-       int ret;
-
-       _deleted.p = path->pos;
-
-       if (unlikely(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_NORUN))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!btree_node_type_needs_gc(path->btree_id))
-               return 0;
-
-       old = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(path, &unpacked);
-
-       if (old.k->type == new->k.type &&
-           ((1U << old.k->type) & BTREE_TRIGGER_WANTS_OLD_AND_NEW)) {
-               ret   = bch2_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
-                               BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
-       } else {
-               ret   = bch2_mark_key(trans, deleted, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
-                               BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|flags) ?:
-                       bch2_mark_key(trans, old, deleted,
-                               BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
-       }
+               ret = __bch2_mark_reflink_p(trans, p, start, end,
+                                           &idx, flags, l++);
 
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1345,33 +1266,26 @@ void fs_usage_apply_warn(struct btree_trans *trans,
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree_insert_entry *i;
-       char buf[200];
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 
        bch_err(c, "disk usage increased %lli more than %u sectors reserved",
                should_not_have_added, disk_res_sectors);
 
        trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {
+               struct bkey_s_c old = { &i->old_k, i->old_v };
+
                pr_err("while inserting");
-               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, bkey_i_to_s_c(i->k));
-               pr_err("%s", buf);
+               printbuf_reset(&buf);
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(i->k));
+               pr_err("  %s", buf.buf);
                pr_err("overlapping with");
-
-               if (!i->cached) {
-                       struct bkey u;
-                       struct bkey_s_c k = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(i->path, &u);
-
-                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k);
-                       pr_err("%s", buf);
-               } else {
-                       struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) i->path->l[0].b;
-
-                       if (ck->valid) {
-                               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k));
-                               pr_err("%s", buf);
-                       }
-               }
+               printbuf_reset(&buf);
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, old);
+               pr_err("  %s", buf.buf);
        }
+
        __WARN();
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
 }
 
 int bch2_trans_fs_usage_apply(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -1452,55 +1366,22 @@ need_mark:
 
 /* trans_mark: */
 
-static int bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
-                             const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
-                             struct bkey_alloc_unpacked *u)
-{
-       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
-       struct bpos pos = POS(ptr->dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr));
-       struct bkey_i *update = btree_trans_peek_updates(trans, BTREE_ID_alloc, pos);
-       int ret;
-
-       bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc, pos,
-                            BTREE_ITER_CACHED|
-                            BTREE_ITER_CACHED_NOFILL|
-                            BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
-       ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-       if (ret) {
-               bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, iter);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       *u = update && !bpos_cmp(update->k.p, pos)
-               ? bch2_alloc_unpack(bkey_i_to_s_c(update))
-               : alloc_mem_to_key(c, iter);
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
 static int bch2_trans_mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        struct bkey_s_c k, struct extent_ptr_decoded p,
                        s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type data_type)
 {
        struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
+       struct bkey_i_alloc_v4 *a;
        int ret;
 
-       ret = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, &p.ptr, &u);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       a = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, PTR_BUCKET_POS(trans->c, &p.ptr));
+       if (IS_ERR(a))
+               return PTR_ERR(a);
 
        ret = __mark_pointer(trans, k, &p.ptr, sectors, data_type,
-                            u.gen, &u.data_type,
-                            &u.dirty_sectors, &u.cached_sectors);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out;
-
-       ret = bch2_alloc_write(trans, &iter, &u, 0);
-       if (ret)
-               goto out;
-out:
+                            a->v.gen, &a->v.data_type,
+                            &a->v.dirty_sectors, &a->v.cached_sectors) ?:
+               bch2_trans_update(trans, &iter, &a->k_i, 0);
        bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
        return ret;
 }
@@ -1509,7 +1390,6 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        struct extent_ptr_decoded p,
                        s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type data_type)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
        struct bkey_i_stripe *s;
@@ -1525,16 +1405,15 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
                goto err;
 
        if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_stripe) {
-               bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
+               bch2_trans_inconsistent(trans,
                        "pointer to nonexistent stripe %llu",
                        (u64) p.ec.idx);
-               bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
                ret = -EIO;
                goto err;
        }
 
        if (!bch2_ptr_matches_stripe(bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v, p)) {
-               bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
+               bch2_trans_inconsistent(trans,
                        "stripe pointer doesn't match stripe %llu",
                        (u64) p.ec.idx);
                ret = -EIO;
@@ -1563,10 +1442,15 @@ err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned flags)
+int bch2_trans_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                          enum btree_id btree_id, unsigned level,
+                          struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_i *new,
+                          unsigned flags)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE
+               ? old
+               : bkey_i_to_s_c(new);
        struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
        const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
        struct extent_ptr_decoded p;
@@ -1628,7 +1512,7 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr = &s.v->ptrs[idx];
        struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
+       struct bkey_i_alloc_v4 *a;
        enum bch_data_type data_type = idx >= s.v->nr_blocks - s.v->nr_redundant
                ? BCH_DATA_parity : 0;
        s64 sectors = data_type ? le16_to_cpu(s.v->sectors) : 0;
@@ -1637,59 +1521,59 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (deleting)
                sectors = -sectors;
 
-       ret = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, ptr, &u);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       a = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, PTR_BUCKET_POS(c, ptr));
+       if (IS_ERR(a))
+               return PTR_ERR(a);
 
        ret = check_bucket_ref(c, s.s_c, ptr, sectors, data_type,
-                              u.gen, u.data_type,
-                              u.dirty_sectors, u.cached_sectors);
+                              a->v.gen, a->v.data_type,
+                              a->v.dirty_sectors, a->v.cached_sectors);
        if (ret)
                goto err;
 
        if (!deleting) {
-               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(u.stripe ||
-                                           u.stripe_redundancy, c,
+               if (bch2_trans_inconsistent_on(a->v.stripe ||
+                                              a->v.stripe_redundancy, trans,
                                "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u data type %s dirty_sectors %u: multiple stripes using same bucket (%u, %llu)",
-                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
-                               bch2_data_types[u.data_type],
-                               u.dirty_sectors,
-                               u.stripe, s.k->p.offset)) {
+                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, a->v.gen,
+                               bch2_data_types[a->v.data_type],
+                               a->v.dirty_sectors,
+                               a->v.stripe, s.k->p.offset)) {
                        ret = -EIO;
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(data_type && u.dirty_sectors, c,
+               if (bch2_trans_inconsistent_on(data_type && a->v.dirty_sectors, trans,
                                "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u data type %s dirty_sectors %u: data already in stripe bucket %llu",
-                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
-                               bch2_data_types[u.data_type],
-                               u.dirty_sectors,
+                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, a->v.gen,
+                               bch2_data_types[a->v.data_type],
+                               a->v.dirty_sectors,
                                s.k->p.offset)) {
                        ret = -EIO;
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               u.stripe                = s.k->p.offset;
-               u.stripe_redundancy     = s.v->nr_redundant;
+               a->v.stripe             = s.k->p.offset;
+               a->v.stripe_redundancy  = s.v->nr_redundant;
        } else {
-               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(u.stripe != s.k->p.offset ||
-                                           u.stripe_redundancy != s.v->nr_redundant, c,
+               if (bch2_trans_inconsistent_on(a->v.stripe != s.k->p.offset ||
+                                              a->v.stripe_redundancy != s.v->nr_redundant, trans,
                                "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u: not marked as stripe when deleting stripe %llu (got %u)",
-                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
-                               s.k->p.offset, u.stripe)) {
+                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, a->v.gen,
+                               s.k->p.offset, a->v.stripe)) {
                        ret = -EIO;
                        goto err;
                }
 
-               u.stripe                = 0;
-               u.stripe_redundancy     = 0;
+               a->v.stripe             = 0;
+               a->v.stripe_redundancy  = 0;
        }
 
-       u.dirty_sectors += sectors;
+       a->v.dirty_sectors += sectors;
        if (data_type)
-               u.data_type = !deleting ? data_type : 0;
+               a->v.data_type = !deleting ? data_type : 0;
 
-       ret = bch2_alloc_write(trans, &iter, &u, 0);
+       ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, &iter, &a->k_i, 0);
        if (ret)
                goto err;
 err:
@@ -1697,66 +1581,69 @@ err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                 struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                                 unsigned flags)
+int bch2_trans_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                          enum btree_id btree_id, unsigned level,
+                          struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_i *new,
+                          unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bkey_s_c_stripe old_s = { .k = NULL };
-       struct bkey_s_c_stripe new_s = { .k = NULL };
+       const struct bch_stripe *old_s = NULL;
+       struct bch_stripe *new_s = NULL;
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
        unsigned i, nr_blocks;
        int ret = 0;
 
        if (old.k->type == KEY_TYPE_stripe)
-               old_s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(old);
-       if (new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_stripe)
-               new_s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(new);
+               old_s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(old).v;
+       if (new->k.type == KEY_TYPE_stripe)
+               new_s = &bkey_i_to_stripe(new)->v;
 
        /*
         * If the pointers aren't changing, we don't need to do anything:
         */
-       if (new_s.k && old_s.k &&
-           new_s.v->nr_blocks          == old_s.v->nr_blocks &&
-           new_s.v->nr_redundant       == old_s.v->nr_redundant &&
-           !memcmp(old_s.v->ptrs, new_s.v->ptrs,
-                   new_s.v->nr_blocks * sizeof(struct bch_extent_ptr)))
+       if (new_s && old_s &&
+           new_s->nr_blocks    == old_s->nr_blocks &&
+           new_s->nr_redundant == old_s->nr_redundant &&
+           !memcmp(old_s->ptrs, new_s->ptrs,
+                   new_s->nr_blocks * sizeof(struct bch_extent_ptr)))
                return 0;
 
-       BUG_ON(new_s.k && old_s.k &&
-              (new_s.v->nr_blocks      != old_s.v->nr_blocks ||
-               new_s.v->nr_redundant   != old_s.v->nr_redundant));
+       BUG_ON(new_s && old_s &&
+              (new_s->nr_blocks        != old_s->nr_blocks ||
+               new_s->nr_redundant     != old_s->nr_redundant));
 
-       nr_blocks = new_s.k ? new_s.v->nr_blocks : old_s.v->nr_blocks;
+       nr_blocks = new_s ? new_s->nr_blocks : old_s->nr_blocks;
 
-       if (new_s.k) {
-               s64 sectors = le16_to_cpu(new_s.v->sectors);
+       if (new_s) {
+               s64 sectors = le16_to_cpu(new_s->sectors);
 
-               bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&r.e, new);
-               update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors * new_s.v->nr_redundant);
+               bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&r.e, bkey_i_to_s_c(new));
+               update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors * new_s->nr_redundant);
        }
 
-       if (old_s.k) {
-               s64 sectors = -((s64) le16_to_cpu(old_s.v->sectors));
+       if (old_s) {
+               s64 sectors = -((s64) le16_to_cpu(old_s->sectors));
 
                bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&r.e, old);
-               update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors * old_s.v->nr_redundant);
+               update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors * old_s->nr_redundant);
        }
 
        for (i = 0; i < nr_blocks; i++) {
-               if (new_s.k && old_s.k &&
-                   !memcmp(&new_s.v->ptrs[i],
-                           &old_s.v->ptrs[i],
-                           sizeof(new_s.v->ptrs[i])))
+               if (new_s && old_s &&
+                   !memcmp(&new_s->ptrs[i],
+                           &old_s->ptrs[i],
+                           sizeof(new_s->ptrs[i])))
                        continue;
 
-               if (new_s.k) {
-                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(trans, new_s, i, false);
+               if (new_s) {
+                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(trans,
+                                       bkey_i_to_s_c_stripe(new), i, false);
                        if (ret)
                                break;
                }
 
-               if (old_s.k) {
-                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(trans, old_s, i, true);
+               if (old_s) {
+                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(trans,
+                                       bkey_s_c_to_stripe(old), i, true);
                        if (ret)
                                break;
                }
@@ -1765,12 +1652,13 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                struct bkey_s_c old,
-                                struct bkey_s_c new,
-                                unsigned flags)
+int bch2_trans_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                         enum btree_id btree_id, unsigned level,
+                         struct bkey_s_c old,
+                         struct bkey_i *new,
+                         unsigned flags)
 {
-       int nr = bkey_is_inode(new.k) - bkey_is_inode(old.k);
+       int nr = bkey_is_inode(&new->k) - bkey_is_inode(old.k);
 
        if (nr) {
                struct replicas_delta_list *d =
@@ -1781,9 +1669,15 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                      struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned flags)
+int bch2_trans_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                               enum btree_id btree_id, unsigned level,
+                               struct bkey_s_c old,
+                               struct bkey_i *new,
+                               unsigned flags)
 {
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE
+               ? old
+               : bkey_i_to_s_c(new);
        unsigned replicas = bkey_s_c_to_reservation(k).v->nr_replicas;
        s64 sectors = (s64) k.k->size;
        struct replicas_delta_list *d;
@@ -1811,7 +1705,7 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
        struct bkey_i *n;
        __le64 *refcount;
        int add = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE) ? 1 : -1;
-       char buf[200];
+       struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
        int ret;
 
        bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, &iter, BTREE_ID_reflink, POS(0, *idx),
@@ -1831,19 +1725,19 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
        refcount = bkey_refcount(n);
        if (!refcount) {
-               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, p.s_c);
-               bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, p.s_c);
+               bch2_trans_inconsistent(trans,
                        "nonexistent indirect extent at %llu while marking\n  %s",
-                       *idx, buf);
+                       *idx, buf.buf);
                ret = -EIO;
                goto err;
        }
 
        if (!*refcount && (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)) {
-               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, p.s_c);
-               bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, p.s_c);
+               bch2_trans_inconsistent(trans,
                        "indirect extent refcount underflow at %llu while marking\n  %s",
-                       *idx, buf);
+                       *idx, buf.buf);
                ret = -EIO;
                goto err;
        }
@@ -1865,11 +1759,6 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
        le64_add_cpu(refcount, add);
 
-       if (!*refcount) {
-               n->k.type = KEY_TYPE_deleted;
-               set_bkey_val_u64s(&n->k, 0);
-       }
-
        bch2_btree_iter_set_pos_to_extent_start(&iter);
        ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, &iter, n, 0);
        if (ret)
@@ -1878,12 +1767,19 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
        *idx = k.k->p.offset;
 err:
        bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
+       printbuf_exit(&buf);
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                    struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned flags)
+int bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                             enum btree_id btree_id, unsigned level,
+                             struct bkey_s_c old,
+                             struct bkey_i *new,
+                             unsigned flags)
 {
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE
+               ? old
+               : bkey_i_to_s_c(new);
        struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p = bkey_s_c_to_reflink_p(k);
        u64 idx, end_idx;
        int ret = 0;
@@ -1904,31 +1800,6 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bkey_s_c old,
-                       struct bkey_s_c new, unsigned flags)
-{
-       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
-
-       switch (k.k->type) {
-       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr:
-       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2:
-       case KEY_TYPE_extent:
-       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_v:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_extent(trans, k, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_stripe:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_stripe(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_inode:
-       case KEY_TYPE_inode_v2:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_inode(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_reservation:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_reservation(trans, k, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_p:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(trans, k, flags);
-       default:
-               return 0;
-       }
-}
-
 static int __bch2_trans_mark_metadata_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                    struct bch_dev *ca, size_t b,
                                    enum bch_data_type type,
@@ -1936,11 +1807,7 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_metadata_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree_iter iter;
-       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
-       struct bch_extent_ptr ptr = {
-               .dev = ca->dev_idx,
-               .offset = bucket_to_sector(ca, b),
-       };
+       struct bkey_i_alloc_v4 *a;
        int ret = 0;
 
        /*
@@ -1949,26 +1816,26 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_metadata_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
        if (b >= ca->mi.nbuckets)
                return 0;
 
-       ret = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, &ptr, &u);
-       if (ret)
-               return ret;
+       a = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, POS(ca->dev_idx, b));
+       if (IS_ERR(a))
+               return PTR_ERR(a);
 
-       if (u.data_type && u.data_type != type) {
+       if (a->v.data_type && a->v.data_type != type) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
                        "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
-                       bch2_data_types[u.data_type],
+                       iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, a->v.gen,
+                       bch2_data_types[a->v.data_type],
                        bch2_data_types[type],
                        bch2_data_types[type]);
                ret = -EIO;
                goto out;
        }
 
-       u.data_type     = type;
-       u.dirty_sectors = sectors;
+       a->v.data_type          = type;
+       a->v.dirty_sectors      = sectors;
 
-       ret = bch2_alloc_write(trans, &iter, &u, 0);
+       ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, &iter, &a->k_i, 0);
        if (ret)
                goto out;
 out:
@@ -2131,65 +1998,29 @@ recalculate:
 
 /* Startup/shutdown: */
 
-static void buckets_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
-{
-       struct bucket_array *buckets =
-               container_of(rcu, struct bucket_array, rcu);
-
-       kvpfree(buckets,
-               sizeof(struct bucket_array) +
-               buckets->nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket));
-}
-
 static void bucket_gens_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
 {
        struct bucket_gens *buckets =
                container_of(rcu, struct bucket_gens, rcu);
 
-       kvpfree(buckets, sizeof(struct bucket_array) + buckets->nbuckets);
+       kvpfree(buckets, sizeof(*buckets) + buckets->nbuckets);
 }
 
 int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
 {
-       struct bucket_array *buckets = NULL, *old_buckets = NULL;
        struct bucket_gens *bucket_gens = NULL, *old_bucket_gens = NULL;
        unsigned long *buckets_nouse = NULL;
-       alloc_fifo      free[RESERVE_NR];
-       alloc_fifo      free_inc;
-       alloc_heap      alloc_heap;
-
-       size_t btree_reserve    = DIV_ROUND_UP(BTREE_NODE_RESERVE,
-                            ca->mi.bucket_size / btree_sectors(c));
-       /* XXX: these should be tunable */
-       size_t reserve_none     = max_t(size_t, 1, nbuckets >> 9);
-       size_t copygc_reserve   = max_t(size_t, 2, nbuckets >> 6);
-       size_t free_inc_nr      = max(max_t(size_t, 1, nbuckets >> 12),
-                                     btree_reserve * 2);
-       bool resize = ca->buckets[0] != NULL;
+       bool resize = ca->bucket_gens != NULL;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;
-       unsigned i;
-
-       memset(&free,           0, sizeof(free));
-       memset(&free_inc,       0, sizeof(free_inc));
-       memset(&alloc_heap,     0, sizeof(alloc_heap));
 
-       if (!(buckets           = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bucket_array) +
-                                           nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket),
+       if (!(bucket_gens       = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bucket_gens) + nbuckets,
                                            GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
-           !(bucket_gens       = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bucket_gens) + nbuckets,
-                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
-           !(buckets_nouse     = kvpmalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(nbuckets) *
+           (c->opts.buckets_nouse &&
+            !(buckets_nouse    = kvpmalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(nbuckets) *
                                            sizeof(unsigned long),
-                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
-           !init_fifo(&free[RESERVE_MOVINGGC],
-                      copygc_reserve, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_fifo(&free[RESERVE_NONE], reserve_none, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_fifo(&free_inc,       free_inc_nr, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_heap(&alloc_heap,     ALLOC_SCAN_BATCH(ca) << 1, GFP_KERNEL))
+                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO))))
                goto err;
 
-       buckets->first_bucket   = ca->mi.first_bucket;
-       buckets->nbuckets       = nbuckets;
        bucket_gens->first_bucket = ca->mi.first_bucket;
        bucket_gens->nbuckets   = nbuckets;
 
@@ -2201,64 +2032,39 @@ int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
                percpu_down_write(&c->mark_lock);
        }
 
-       old_buckets = bucket_array(ca);
        old_bucket_gens = rcu_dereference_protected(ca->bucket_gens, 1);
 
        if (resize) {
-               size_t n = min(buckets->nbuckets, old_buckets->nbuckets);
+               size_t n = min(bucket_gens->nbuckets, old_bucket_gens->nbuckets);
 
-               memcpy(buckets->b,
-                      old_buckets->b,
-                      n * sizeof(struct bucket));
                memcpy(bucket_gens->b,
                       old_bucket_gens->b,
                       n);
-               memcpy(buckets_nouse,
-                      ca->buckets_nouse,
-                      BITS_TO_LONGS(n) * sizeof(unsigned long));
+               if (buckets_nouse)
+                       memcpy(buckets_nouse,
+                              ca->buckets_nouse,
+                              BITS_TO_LONGS(n) * sizeof(unsigned long));
        }
 
-       rcu_assign_pointer(ca->buckets[0], buckets);
        rcu_assign_pointer(ca->bucket_gens, bucket_gens);
-       buckets         = old_buckets;
        bucket_gens     = old_bucket_gens;
 
        swap(ca->buckets_nouse, buckets_nouse);
 
+       nbuckets = ca->mi.nbuckets;
+
        if (resize) {
                percpu_up_write(&c->mark_lock);
+               up_write(&ca->bucket_lock);
                up_write(&c->gc_lock);
        }
 
-       spin_lock(&c->freelist_lock);
-       for (i = 0; i < RESERVE_NR; i++) {
-               fifo_move(&free[i], &ca->free[i]);
-               swap(ca->free[i], free[i]);
-       }
-       fifo_move(&free_inc, &ca->free_inc);
-       swap(ca->free_inc, free_inc);
-       spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock);
-
-       /* with gc lock held, alloc_heap can't be in use: */
-       swap(ca->alloc_heap, alloc_heap);
-
-       nbuckets = ca->mi.nbuckets;
-
-       if (resize)
-               up_write(&ca->bucket_lock);
-
        ret = 0;
 err:
-       free_heap(&alloc_heap);
-       free_fifo(&free_inc);
-       for (i = 0; i < RESERVE_NR; i++)
-               free_fifo(&free[i]);
        kvpfree(buckets_nouse,
                BITS_TO_LONGS(nbuckets) * sizeof(unsigned long));
        if (bucket_gens)
-               call_rcu(&old_buckets->rcu, bucket_gens_free_rcu);
-       if (buckets)
-               call_rcu(&old_buckets->rcu, buckets_free_rcu);
+               call_rcu(&bucket_gens->rcu, bucket_gens_free_rcu);
 
        return ret;
 }
@@ -2267,15 +2073,10 @@ void bch2_dev_buckets_free(struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
        unsigned i;
 
-       free_heap(&ca->alloc_heap);
-       free_fifo(&ca->free_inc);
-       for (i = 0; i < RESERVE_NR; i++)
-               free_fifo(&ca->free[i]);
        kvpfree(ca->buckets_nouse,
                BITS_TO_LONGS(ca->mi.nbuckets) * sizeof(unsigned long));
-       kvpfree(rcu_dereference_protected(ca->buckets[0], 1),
-               sizeof(struct bucket_array) +
-               ca->mi.nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket));
+       kvpfree(rcu_dereference_protected(ca->bucket_gens, 1),
+               sizeof(struct bucket_gens) + ca->mi.nbuckets);
 
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ca->usage); i++)
                free_percpu(ca->usage[i]);