]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/buckets.c
Update bcachefs sources to aa439f3b94 bcachefs: btree_gc no longer uses main in-memor...
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / buckets.c
index 87266179542b06372597a899857810c9a4ac0782..c72fe777171ee14fc8f46c11970a11bb76fd0a6a 100644 (file)
 #include "buckets.h"
 #include "ec.h"
 #include "error.h"
+#include "inode.h"
 #include "movinggc.h"
+#include "recovery.h"
+#include "reflink.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
+#include "subvolume.h"
 
 #include <linux/preempt.h>
 #include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ static inline void fs_usage_data_type_to_base(struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
 void bch2_bucket_seq_cleanup(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        u64 journal_seq = atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq);
-       u16 last_seq_ondisk = c->journal.last_seq_ondisk;
+       u16 last_seq_ondisk = c->journal.flushed_seq_ondisk;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        struct bucket_array *buckets;
        struct bucket *g;
@@ -113,6 +117,8 @@ static inline struct bch_dev_usage *dev_usage_ptr(struct bch_dev *ca,
                                                  unsigned journal_seq,
                                                  bool gc)
 {
+       BUG_ON(!gc && !journal_seq);
+
        return this_cpu_ptr(gc
                            ? ca->usage_gc
                            : ca->usage[journal_seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK]);
@@ -138,6 +144,9 @@ static inline struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage_ptr(struct bch_fs *c,
                                                unsigned journal_seq,
                                                bool gc)
 {
+       percpu_rwsem_assert_held(&c->mark_lock);
+       BUG_ON(!gc && !journal_seq);
+
        return this_cpu_ptr(gc
                            ? c->usage_gc
                            : c->usage[journal_seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK]);
@@ -257,18 +266,11 @@ void bch2_fs_usage_to_text(struct printbuf *out,
        }
 }
 
-#define RESERVE_FACTOR 6
-
 static u64 reserve_factor(u64 r)
 {
        return r + (round_up(r, (1 << RESERVE_FACTOR)) >> RESERVE_FACTOR);
 }
 
-static u64 avail_factor(u64 r)
-{
-       return div_u64(r << RESERVE_FACTOR, (1 << RESERVE_FACTOR) + 1);
-}
-
 u64 bch2_fs_sectors_used(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_fs_usage_online *fs_usage)
 {
        return min(fs_usage->u.hidden +
@@ -338,13 +340,6 @@ static inline enum bch_data_type bucket_type(struct bucket_mark m)
                : m.data_type;
 }
 
-static bool bucket_became_unavailable(struct bucket_mark old,
-                                     struct bucket_mark new)
-{
-       return is_available_bucket(old) &&
-              !is_available_bucket(new);
-}
-
 static inline void account_bucket(struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
                                  struct bch_dev_usage *dev_usage,
                                  enum bch_data_type type,
@@ -357,17 +352,14 @@ static inline void account_bucket(struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
 }
 
 static void bch2_dev_usage_update(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
-                                 struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
                                  struct bucket_mark old, struct bucket_mark new,
                                  u64 journal_seq, bool gc)
 {
+       struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage;
        struct bch_dev_usage *u;
 
-       percpu_rwsem_assert_held(&c->mark_lock);
-
        preempt_disable();
-       if (!fs_usage)
-               fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, journal_seq, gc);
+       fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, journal_seq, gc);
        u = dev_usage_ptr(ca, journal_seq, gc);
 
        if (bucket_type(old))
@@ -396,10 +388,10 @@ static void bch2_dev_usage_update(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                bch2_wake_allocator(ca);
 }
 
-static inline int update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c,
-                                  struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                                  struct bch_replicas_entry *r,
-                                  s64 sectors)
+static inline int __update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                   struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
+                                   struct bch_replicas_entry *r,
+                                   s64 sectors)
 {
        int idx = bch2_replicas_entry_idx(c, r);
 
@@ -411,15 +403,56 @@ static inline int update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c,
        return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+                       struct bch_replicas_entry *r, s64 sectors,
+                       unsigned journal_seq, bool gc)
+{
+       struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *fs_usage;
+       int idx, ret = 0;
+       char buf[200];
+
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+
+       idx = bch2_replicas_entry_idx(c, r);
+       if (idx < 0 &&
+           (test_bit(BCH_FS_REBUILD_REPLICAS, &c->flags) ||
+            fsck_err(c, "no replicas entry\n"
+                     "  while marking %s",
+                     (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf)))) {
+               percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+               ret = bch2_mark_replicas(c, r);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+
+               percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+               idx = bch2_replicas_entry_idx(c, r);
+       }
+       if (idx < 0) {
+               ret = -1;
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       preempt_disable();
+       fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, journal_seq, gc);
+       fs_usage_data_type_to_base(fs_usage, r->data_type, sectors);
+       fs_usage->replicas[idx]         += sectors;
+       preempt_enable();
+err:
+fsck_err:
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       return ret;
+}
+
 static inline int update_cached_sectors(struct bch_fs *c,
-                                        struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                                        unsigned dev, s64 sectors)
+                       struct bkey_s_c k,
+                       unsigned dev, s64 sectors,
+                       unsigned journal_seq, bool gc)
 {
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
 
        bch2_replicas_entry_cached(&r.e, dev);
 
-       return update_replicas(c, fs_usage, &r.e, sectors);
+       return update_replicas(c, k, &r.e, sectors, journal_seq, gc);
 }
 
 static struct replicas_delta_list *
@@ -485,19 +518,6 @@ static inline void update_cached_sectors_list(struct btree_trans *trans,
        update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors);
 }
 
-#define do_mark_fn(fn, c, pos, flags, ...)                             \
-({                                                                     \
-       int gc, ret = 0;                                                \
-                                                                       \
-       percpu_rwsem_assert_held(&c->mark_lock);                        \
-                                                                       \
-       for (gc = 0; gc < 2 && !ret; gc++)                              \
-               if (!gc == !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC) ||               \
-                   (gc && gc_visited(c, pos)))                         \
-                       ret = fn(c, __VA_ARGS__, gc);                   \
-       ret;                                                            \
-})
-
 void bch2_mark_alloc_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                            size_t b, bool owned_by_allocator)
 {
@@ -511,21 +531,19 @@ void bch2_mark_alloc_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
        BUG_ON(owned_by_allocator == old.owned_by_allocator);
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
+static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct btree_trans *trans,
                           struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                          struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                          u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+                          unsigned flags)
 {
        bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
-       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
+       u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked old_u = bch2_alloc_unpack(old);
+       struct bkey_alloc_unpacked new_u = bch2_alloc_unpack(new);
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        struct bucket *g;
        struct bucket_mark old_m, m;
-
-       /* We don't do anything for deletions - do we?: */
-       if (new.k->type != KEY_TYPE_alloc &&
-           new.k->type != KEY_TYPE_alloc_v2)
-               return 0;
+       int ret = 0;
 
        /*
         * alloc btree is read in by bch2_alloc_read, not gc:
@@ -534,20 +552,40 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
            !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_BUCKET_INVALIDATE))
                return 0;
 
+       if ((flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT) &&
+           !old_u.data_type != !new_u.data_type &&
+           new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_alloc_v3) {
+               struct bch_alloc_v3 *v = (struct bch_alloc_v3 *) new.v;
+
+               BUG_ON(!journal_seq);
+
+               /*
+                * If the btree updates referring to a bucket weren't flushed
+                * before the bucket became empty again, then the we don't have
+                * to wait on a journal flush before we can reuse the bucket:
+                */
+               v->journal_seq = !new_u.data_type &&
+                       bch2_journal_noflush_seq(&c->journal, journal_seq)
+                       ? 0 : cpu_to_le64(journal_seq);
+       }
+
        ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, new.k->p.inode);
 
        if (new.k->p.offset >= ca->mi.nbuckets)
                return 0;
 
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       if (!gc && new_u.gen != old_u.gen)
+               *bucket_gen(ca, new.k->p.offset) = new_u.gen;
+
        g = __bucket(ca, new.k->p.offset, gc);
-       u = bch2_alloc_unpack(new);
 
        old_m = bucket_cmpxchg(g, m, ({
-               m.gen                   = u.gen;
-               m.data_type             = u.data_type;
-               m.dirty_sectors         = u.dirty_sectors;
-               m.cached_sectors        = u.cached_sectors;
-               m.stripe                = u.stripe != 0;
+               m.gen                   = new_u.gen;
+               m.data_type             = new_u.data_type;
+               m.dirty_sectors         = new_u.dirty_sectors;
+               m.cached_sectors        = new_u.cached_sectors;
+               m.stripe                = new_u.stripe != 0;
 
                if (journal_seq) {
                        m.journal_seq_valid     = 1;
@@ -555,14 +593,15 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
                }
        }));
 
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, fs_usage, old_m, m, journal_seq, gc);
+       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old_m, m, journal_seq, gc);
 
-       g->io_time[READ]        = u.read_time;
-       g->io_time[WRITE]       = u.write_time;
-       g->oldest_gen           = u.oldest_gen;
+       g->io_time[READ]        = new_u.read_time;
+       g->io_time[WRITE]       = new_u.write_time;
+       g->oldest_gen           = new_u.oldest_gen;
        g->gen_valid            = 1;
-       g->stripe               = u.stripe;
-       g->stripe_redundancy    = u.stripe_redundancy;
+       g->stripe               = new_u.stripe;
+       g->stripe_redundancy    = new_u.stripe_redundancy;
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
        /*
         * need to know if we're getting called from the invalidate path or
@@ -571,10 +610,12 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
 
        if ((flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_BUCKET_INVALIDATE) &&
            old_m.cached_sectors) {
-               if (update_cached_sectors(c, fs_usage, ca->dev_idx,
-                                     -old_m.cached_sectors)) {
+               ret = update_cached_sectors(c, new, ca->dev_idx,
+                                           -old_m.cached_sectors,
+                                           journal_seq, gc);
+               if (ret) {
                        bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "bch2_mark_alloc(): no replicas entry while updating cached sectors");
-                       return -1;
+                       return ret;
                }
 
                trace_invalidate(ca, bucket_to_sector(ca, new.k->p.offset),
@@ -594,17 +635,27 @@ static int bch2_mark_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
        overflow;                                               \
 })
 
-static int __bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
-                                      size_t b, enum bch_data_type data_type,
-                                      unsigned sectors, bool gc)
+void bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
+                              size_t b, enum bch_data_type data_type,
+                              unsigned sectors, struct gc_pos pos,
+                              unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bucket *g = __bucket(ca, b, gc);
+       struct bucket *g;
        struct bucket_mark old, new;
        bool overflow;
 
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
        BUG_ON(data_type != BCH_DATA_sb &&
               data_type != BCH_DATA_journal);
 
+       /*
+        * Backup superblock might be past the end of our normal usable space:
+        */
+       if (b >= ca->mi.nbuckets)
+               return;
+
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       g = gc_bucket(ca, b);
        old = bucket_cmpxchg(g, new, ({
                new.data_type   = data_type;
                overflow = checked_add(new.dirty_sectors, sectors);
@@ -622,72 +673,23 @@ static int __bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                bch2_data_types[old.data_type ?: data_type],
                old.dirty_sectors, sectors);
 
-       if (c)
-               bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, fs_usage_ptr(c, 0, gc),
-                                     old, new, 0, gc);
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-void bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
-                              size_t b, enum bch_data_type type,
-                              unsigned sectors, struct gc_pos pos,
-                              unsigned flags)
-{
-       BUG_ON(type != BCH_DATA_sb &&
-              type != BCH_DATA_journal);
-
-       preempt_disable();
-
-       if (likely(c)) {
-               do_mark_fn(__bch2_mark_metadata_bucket, c, pos, flags,
-                          ca, b, type, sectors);
-       } else {
-               __bch2_mark_metadata_bucket(c, ca, b, type, sectors, 0);
-       }
-
-       preempt_enable();
-}
-
-static s64 disk_sectors_scaled(unsigned n, unsigned d, unsigned sectors)
-{
-       return DIV_ROUND_UP(sectors * n, d);
+       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old, new, 0, true);
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 }
 
-static s64 __ptr_disk_sectors_delta(unsigned old_size,
-                                   unsigned offset, s64 delta,
-                                   unsigned flags,
-                                   unsigned n, unsigned d)
+static s64 ptr_disk_sectors(s64 sectors, struct extent_ptr_decoded p)
 {
-       BUG_ON(!n || !d);
-
-       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE_SPLIT) {
-               BUG_ON(offset + -delta > old_size);
-
-               return -disk_sectors_scaled(n, d, old_size) +
-                       disk_sectors_scaled(n, d, offset) +
-                       disk_sectors_scaled(n, d, old_size - offset + delta);
-       } else if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE) {
-               BUG_ON(offset + -delta > old_size);
+       EBUG_ON(sectors < 0);
 
-               return -disk_sectors_scaled(n, d, old_size) +
-                       disk_sectors_scaled(n, d, old_size + delta);
-       } else {
-               return  disk_sectors_scaled(n, d, delta);
-       }
+       return p.crc.compression_type &&
+               p.crc.compression_type != BCH_COMPRESSION_TYPE_incompressible
+               ? DIV_ROUND_UP_ULL(sectors * p.crc.compressed_size,
+                              p.crc.uncompressed_size)
+               : sectors;
 }
 
-static s64 ptr_disk_sectors_delta(struct extent_ptr_decoded p,
-                                 unsigned offset, s64 delta,
-                                 unsigned flags)
-{
-       return __ptr_disk_sectors_delta(p.crc.live_size,
-                                       offset, delta, flags,
-                                       p.crc.compressed_size,
-                                       p.crc.uncompressed_size);
-}
-
-static int check_bucket_ref(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int check_bucket_ref(struct bch_fs *c,
+                           struct bkey_s_c k,
                            const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
                            s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type ptr_data_type,
                            u8 bucket_gen, u8 bucket_data_type,
@@ -761,55 +763,72 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int mark_stripe_bucket(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
-                            unsigned ptr_idx,
-                            struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                            u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+static int mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                             struct bkey_s_c k,
+                             unsigned ptr_idx,
+                             u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        const struct bch_stripe *s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v;
        unsigned nr_data = s->nr_blocks - s->nr_redundant;
        bool parity = ptr_idx >= nr_data;
+       enum bch_data_type data_type = parity ? BCH_DATA_parity : 0;
+       s64 sectors = parity ? le16_to_cpu(s->sectors) : 0;
        const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr = s->ptrs + ptr_idx;
-       bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
-       struct bucket *g = PTR_BUCKET(ca, ptr, gc);
+       struct bucket *g;
        struct bucket_mark new, old;
        char buf[200];
-       int ret;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
+
+       /* * XXX doesn't handle deletion */
+
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       g = PTR_GC_BUCKET(ca, ptr);
 
-       if (g->stripe && g->stripe != k.k->p.offset) {
+       if (g->mark.dirty_sectors ||
+           (g->stripe && g->stripe != k.k->p.offset)) {
                bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
                              "bucket %u:%zu gen %u: multiple stripes using same bucket\n%s",
                              ptr->dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr), g->mark.gen,
                              (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k), buf));
-               return -EINVAL;
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto err;
        }
 
        old = bucket_cmpxchg(g, new, ({
-               ret = check_bucket_ref(c, k, ptr, 0, 0, new.gen, new.data_type,
+               ret = check_bucket_ref(c, k, ptr, sectors, data_type,
+                                      new.gen, new.data_type,
                                       new.dirty_sectors, new.cached_sectors);
                if (ret)
-                       return ret;
+                       goto err;
 
-               if (parity) {
-                       new.data_type           = BCH_DATA_parity;
-                       new.dirty_sectors       = le16_to_cpu(s->sectors);
-               }
+               new.dirty_sectors += sectors;
+               if (data_type)
+                       new.data_type           = data_type;
 
                if (journal_seq) {
                        new.journal_seq_valid   = 1;
                        new.journal_seq         = journal_seq;
                }
+
+               new.stripe = true;
        }));
 
        g->stripe               = k.k->p.offset;
        g->stripe_redundancy    = s->nr_redundant;
 
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, fs_usage, old, new, journal_seq, gc);
+       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old, new, journal_seq, true);
+err:
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int __mark_pointer(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int __mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                         struct bkey_s_c k,
                          const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
                          s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type ptr_data_type,
                          u8 bucket_gen, u8 *bucket_data_type,
@@ -818,7 +837,7 @@ static int __mark_pointer(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
        u16 *dst_sectors = !ptr->cached
                ? dirty_sectors
                : cached_sectors;
-       int ret = check_bucket_ref(c, k, ptr, sectors, ptr_data_type,
+       int ret = check_bucket_ref(trans->c, k, ptr, sectors, ptr_data_type,
                                   bucket_gen, *bucket_data_type,
                                   *dirty_sectors, *cached_sectors);
 
@@ -831,31 +850,38 @@ static int __mark_pointer(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_pointer(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int bch2_mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                            struct bkey_s_c k,
                             struct extent_ptr_decoded p,
                             s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type data_type,
-                            struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                            u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+                            unsigned flags)
 {
-       bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
+       u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bucket_mark old, new;
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, p.ptr.dev);
-       struct bucket *g = PTR_BUCKET(ca, &p.ptr, gc);
+       struct bucket *g;
        u8 bucket_data_type;
        u64 v;
-       int ret;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
+
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       g = PTR_GC_BUCKET(ca, &p.ptr);
 
        v = atomic64_read(&g->_mark.v);
        do {
                new.v.counter = old.v.counter = v;
                bucket_data_type = new.data_type;
 
-               ret = __mark_pointer(c, k, &p.ptr, sectors, data_type, new.gen,
+               ret = __mark_pointer(trans, k, &p.ptr, sectors,
+                                    data_type, new.gen,
                                     &bucket_data_type,
                                     &new.dirty_sectors,
                                     &new.cached_sectors);
                if (ret)
-                       return ret;
+                       goto err;
 
                new.data_type = bucket_data_type;
 
@@ -872,25 +898,32 @@ static int bch2_mark_pointer(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
                              old.v.counter,
                              new.v.counter)) != old.v.counter);
 
-       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, fs_usage, old, new, journal_seq, gc);
-
-       BUG_ON(!gc && bucket_became_unavailable(old, new));
+       bch2_dev_usage_update(c, ca, old, new, journal_seq, true);
+err:
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
-       return 0;
+       return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_stripe_ptr(struct bch_fs *c,
+static int bch2_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                               struct bkey_s_c k,
                                struct bch_extent_stripe_ptr p,
                                enum bch_data_type data_type,
-                               struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                               s64 sectors, unsigned flags)
+                               s64 sectors,
+                               unsigned flags)
 {
-       bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
-       struct stripe *m;
-       unsigned i, blocks_nonempty = 0;
+       struct gc_stripe *m;
+
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
 
-       m = genradix_ptr(&c->stripes[gc], p.idx);
+       m = genradix_ptr_alloc(&c->gc_stripes, p.idx, GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!m) {
+               bch_err(c, "error allocating memory for gc_stripes, idx %llu",
+                       (u64) p.idx);
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
 
        spin_lock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
 
@@ -905,72 +938,69 @@ static int bch2_mark_stripe_ptr(struct bch_fs *c,
        m->block_sectors[p.block] += sectors;
 
        r = m->r;
-
-       for (i = 0; i < m->nr_blocks; i++)
-               blocks_nonempty += m->block_sectors[i] != 0;
-
-       if (m->blocks_nonempty != blocks_nonempty) {
-               m->blocks_nonempty = blocks_nonempty;
-               if (!gc)
-                       bch2_stripes_heap_update(c, m, p.idx);
-       }
-
        spin_unlock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
 
        r.e.data_type = data_type;
-       update_replicas(c, fs_usage, &r.e, sectors);
+       update_replicas(c, k, &r.e, sectors, trans->journal_res.seq, true);
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_extent(struct bch_fs *c,
+static int bch2_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
                            struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                           unsigned offset, s64 sectors,
-                           enum bch_data_type data_type,
-                           struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                           unsigned journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+                           unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT ? new : old;
+       u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
        struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
        const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
        struct extent_ptr_decoded p;
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
+       enum bch_data_type data_type = bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k)
+               ? BCH_DATA_btree
+               : BCH_DATA_user;
+       s64 sectors = bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k)
+               ? btree_sectors(c)
+               : k.k->size;
        s64 dirty_sectors = 0;
        bool stale;
        int ret;
 
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
+
        r.e.data_type   = data_type;
        r.e.nr_devs     = 0;
        r.e.nr_required = 1;
 
-       BUG_ON(!sectors);
-
        bkey_for_each_ptr_decode(k.k, ptrs, p, entry) {
-               s64 disk_sectors = data_type == BCH_DATA_btree
-                       ? sectors
-                       : ptr_disk_sectors_delta(p, offset, sectors, flags);
+               s64 disk_sectors = ptr_disk_sectors(sectors, p);
+
+               if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)
+                       disk_sectors = -disk_sectors;
 
-               ret = bch2_mark_pointer(c, k, p, disk_sectors, data_type,
-                                       fs_usage, journal_seq, flags);
+               ret = bch2_mark_pointer(trans, k, p, disk_sectors,
+                                       data_type, flags);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
 
                stale = ret > 0;
 
                if (p.ptr.cached) {
-                       if (!stale)
-                               if (update_cached_sectors(c, fs_usage, p.ptr.dev,
-                                                         disk_sectors)) {
+                       if (!stale) {
+                               ret = update_cached_sectors(c, k, p.ptr.dev,
+                                               disk_sectors, journal_seq, true);
+                               if (ret) {
                                        bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "bch2_mark_extent(): no replicas entry while updating cached sectors");
-                                       return -1;
-
+                                       return ret;
                                }
+                       }
                } else if (!p.has_ec) {
                        dirty_sectors          += disk_sectors;
                        r.e.devs[r.e.nr_devs++] = p.ptr.dev;
                } else {
-                       ret = bch2_mark_stripe_ptr(c, p.ec, data_type,
-                                       fs_usage, disk_sectors, flags);
+                       ret = bch2_mark_stripe_ptr(trans, k, p.ec, data_type,
+                                       disk_sectors, flags);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
 
@@ -984,281 +1014,325 @@ static int bch2_mark_extent(struct bch_fs *c,
        }
 
        if (r.e.nr_devs) {
-               if (update_replicas(c, fs_usage, &r.e, dirty_sectors)) {
+               ret = update_replicas(c, k, &r.e, dirty_sectors, journal_seq, true);
+               if (ret) {
                        char buf[200];
 
                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k);
                        bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf);
-                       return -1;
+                       return ret;
                }
        }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct bch_fs *c,
+static int bch2_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
                            struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                           struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                           u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+                           unsigned flags)
 {
        bool gc = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC;
-       size_t idx = new.k->p.offset;
+       u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       u64 idx = new.k->p.offset;
        const struct bch_stripe *old_s = old.k->type == KEY_TYPE_stripe
                ? bkey_s_c_to_stripe(old).v : NULL;
        const struct bch_stripe *new_s = new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_stripe
                ? bkey_s_c_to_stripe(new).v : NULL;
-       struct stripe *m = genradix_ptr(&c->stripes[gc], idx);
        unsigned i;
        int ret;
 
        BUG_ON(gc && old_s);
 
-       if (!m || (old_s && !m->alive)) {
-               bch_err_ratelimited(c, "error marking nonexistent stripe %zu",
-                                   idx);
-               bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
-               return -1;
-       }
+       if (!gc) {
+               struct stripe *m = genradix_ptr(&c->stripes, idx);
 
-       if (!new_s) {
-               spin_lock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
-               bch2_stripes_heap_del(c, m, idx);
-               spin_unlock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
+               if (!m || (old_s && !m->alive)) {
+                       char buf1[200], buf2[200];
+
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf1), c, old);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf2), c, new);
+                       bch_err_ratelimited(c, "error marking nonexistent stripe %llu while marking\n"
+                                           "old %s\n"
+                                           "new %s", idx, buf1, buf2);
+                       bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
+                       return -1;
+               }
+
+               if (!new_s) {
+                       spin_lock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
+                       bch2_stripes_heap_del(c, m, idx);
+                       spin_unlock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
 
-               memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
+                       memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
+               } else {
+                       m->alive        = true;
+                       m->sectors      = le16_to_cpu(new_s->sectors);
+                       m->algorithm    = new_s->algorithm;
+                       m->nr_blocks    = new_s->nr_blocks;
+                       m->nr_redundant = new_s->nr_redundant;
+                       m->blocks_nonempty = 0;
+
+                       for (i = 0; i < new_s->nr_blocks; i++)
+                               m->blocks_nonempty += !!stripe_blockcount_get(new_s, i);
+
+                       spin_lock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
+                       bch2_stripes_heap_update(c, m, idx);
+                       spin_unlock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
+               }
        } else {
+               struct gc_stripe *m =
+                       genradix_ptr_alloc(&c->gc_stripes, idx, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+               if (!m) {
+                       bch_err(c, "error allocating memory for gc_stripes, idx %llu",
+                               idx);
+                       return -ENOMEM;
+               }
+               /*
+                * This will be wrong when we bring back runtime gc: we should
+                * be unmarking the old key and then marking the new key
+                */
                m->alive        = true;
                m->sectors      = le16_to_cpu(new_s->sectors);
-               m->algorithm    = new_s->algorithm;
                m->nr_blocks    = new_s->nr_blocks;
                m->nr_redundant = new_s->nr_redundant;
-               m->blocks_nonempty = 0;
-
-               for (i = 0; i < new_s->nr_blocks; i++) {
-                       m->block_sectors[i] =
-                               stripe_blockcount_get(new_s, i);
-                       m->blocks_nonempty += !!m->block_sectors[i];
 
+               for (i = 0; i < new_s->nr_blocks; i++)
                        m->ptrs[i] = new_s->ptrs[i];
-               }
 
                bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&m->r.e, new);
 
-               if (!gc) {
-                       spin_lock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
-                       bch2_stripes_heap_update(c, m, idx);
-                       spin_unlock(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (gc) {
                /*
                 * gc recalculates this field from stripe ptr
                 * references:
                 */
                memset(m->block_sectors, 0, sizeof(m->block_sectors));
-               m->blocks_nonempty = 0;
 
                for (i = 0; i < new_s->nr_blocks; i++) {
-                       ret = mark_stripe_bucket(c, new, i, fs_usage,
-                                                journal_seq, flags);
+                       ret = mark_stripe_bucket(trans, new, i, journal_seq, flags);
                        if (ret)
                                return ret;
                }
 
-               if (update_replicas(c, fs_usage, &m->r.e,
-                               ((s64) m->sectors * m->nr_redundant))) {
+               ret = update_replicas(c, new, &m->r.e,
+                                     ((s64) m->sectors * m->nr_redundant),
+                                     journal_seq, gc);
+               if (ret) {
                        char buf[200];
 
                        bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, new);
                        bch2_fs_fatal_error(c, "no replicas entry for %s", buf);
-                       return -1;
+                       return ret;
                }
        }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_mark_key_locked(struct bch_fs *c,
-                  struct bkey_s_c old,
-                  struct bkey_s_c new,
-                  unsigned offset, s64 sectors,
-                  struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                  u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+static int bch2_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                          struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                          unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT ? new : old;
-       int ret = 0;
-
-       BUG_ON(!(flags & (BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)));
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *fs_usage;
+       u64 journal_seq = trans->journal_res.seq;
 
-       preempt_disable();
+       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT) {
+               struct bch_inode_v2 *v = (struct bch_inode_v2 *) new.v;
 
-       if (!fs_usage || (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC))
-               fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, journal_seq,
-                                       flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC);
+               BUG_ON(!journal_seq);
+               BUG_ON(new.k->type != KEY_TYPE_inode_v2);
 
-       switch (k.k->type) {
-       case KEY_TYPE_alloc:
-       case KEY_TYPE_alloc_v2:
-               ret = bch2_mark_alloc(c, old, new, fs_usage, journal_seq, flags);
-               break;
-       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr:
-       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2:
-               sectors = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)
-                       ?  c->opts.btree_node_size
-                       : -c->opts.btree_node_size;
+               v->bi_journal_seq = cpu_to_le64(journal_seq);
+       }
 
-               ret = bch2_mark_extent(c, old, new, offset, sectors,
-                               BCH_DATA_btree, fs_usage, journal_seq, flags);
-               break;
-       case KEY_TYPE_extent:
-       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_v:
-               ret = bch2_mark_extent(c, old, new, offset, sectors,
-                               BCH_DATA_user, fs_usage, journal_seq, flags);
-               break;
-       case KEY_TYPE_stripe:
-               ret = bch2_mark_stripe(c, old, new, fs_usage, journal_seq, flags);
-               break;
-       case KEY_TYPE_inode:
-               fs_usage->nr_inodes += new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_inode;
-               fs_usage->nr_inodes -= old.k->type == KEY_TYPE_inode;
-               break;
-       case KEY_TYPE_reservation: {
-               unsigned replicas = bkey_s_c_to_reservation(k).v->nr_replicas;
+       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC) {
+               percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+               preempt_disable();
 
-               sectors *= replicas;
-               replicas = clamp_t(unsigned, replicas, 1,
-                                  ARRAY_SIZE(fs_usage->persistent_reserved));
+               fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, journal_seq, flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC);
+               fs_usage->nr_inodes += bkey_is_inode(new.k);
+               fs_usage->nr_inodes -= bkey_is_inode(old.k);
 
-               fs_usage->reserved                              += sectors;
-               fs_usage->persistent_reserved[replicas - 1]     += sectors;
-               break;
-       }
+               preempt_enable();
+               percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
        }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int bch2_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                                unsigned flags)
+{
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
+       struct bch_fs_usage __percpu *fs_usage;
+       unsigned replicas = bkey_s_c_to_reservation(k).v->nr_replicas;
+       s64 sectors = (s64) k.k->size;
+
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
+
+       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)
+               sectors = -sectors;
+       sectors *= replicas;
+
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       preempt_disable();
+
+       fs_usage = fs_usage_ptr(c, trans->journal_res.seq, flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC);
+       replicas = clamp_t(unsigned, replicas, 1,
+                          ARRAY_SIZE(fs_usage->persistent_reserved));
+
+       fs_usage->reserved                              += sectors;
+       fs_usage->persistent_reserved[replicas - 1]     += sectors;
 
        preempt_enable();
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
-       return ret;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-int bch2_mark_key(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c new,
-                 unsigned offset, s64 sectors,
-                 struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                 u64 journal_seq, unsigned flags)
+static s64 __bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p,
+                                u64 *idx, unsigned flags, size_t r_idx)
 {
-       struct bkey deleted;
-       struct bkey_s_c old = (struct bkey_s_c) { &deleted, NULL };
-       int ret;
+       struct reflink_gc *r;
+       int add = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE) ? 1 : -1;
+       s64 ret = 0;
 
-       bkey_init(&deleted);
+       if (r_idx >= c->reflink_gc_nr)
+               goto not_found;
 
-       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
-       ret = bch2_mark_key_locked(c, old, new, offset, sectors,
-                                  fs_usage, journal_seq,
-                                  BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|flags);
-       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       r = genradix_ptr(&c->reflink_gc_table, r_idx);
+       if (*idx < r->offset - r->size)
+               goto not_found;
 
+       BUG_ON((s64) r->refcount + add < 0);
+
+       r->refcount += add;
+       *idx = r->offset;
+       return 0;
+not_found:
+       *idx = U64_MAX;
+       ret = -EIO;
+
+       /*
+        * XXX: we're replacing the entire reflink pointer with an error
+        * key, we should just be replacing the part that was missing:
+        */
+       if (fsck_err(c, "%llu:%llu len %u points to nonexistent indirect extent %llu",
+                    p.k->p.inode, p.k->p.offset, p.k->size, *idx)) {
+               struct bkey_i_error new;
+
+               bkey_init(&new.k);
+               new.k.type      = KEY_TYPE_error;
+               new.k.p         = p.k->p;
+               new.k.size      = p.k->size;
+               ret = bch2_journal_key_insert(c, BTREE_ID_extents, 0, &new.k_i);
+       }
+fsck_err:
        return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_mark_update(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                    struct btree_iter *iter,
-                    struct bkey_i *new,
-                    struct bch_fs_usage *fs_usage,
-                    unsigned flags)
+static int bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                              struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
+                              unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bch_fs           *c = trans->c;
-       struct bkey_s_c         old;
-       struct bkey             unpacked;
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
+       struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p = bkey_s_c_to_reflink_p(k);
+       struct reflink_gc *ref;
+       size_t l, r, m;
+       u64 idx = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx);
+       u64 end = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx) + p.k->size;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       if (unlikely(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_NORUN))
-               return 0;
+       BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_GC));
 
-       if (!btree_node_type_needs_gc(iter->btree_id))
-               return 0;
+       if (c->sb.version >= bcachefs_metadata_version_reflink_p_fix) {
+               idx -= le32_to_cpu(p.v->front_pad);
+               end += le32_to_cpu(p.v->back_pad);
+       }
 
-       bkey_init(&unpacked);
-       old = (struct bkey_s_c) { &unpacked, NULL };
+       l = 0;
+       r = c->reflink_gc_nr;
+       while (l < r) {
+               m = l + (r - l) / 2;
 
-       if (!btree_node_type_is_extents(iter->btree_id)) {
-               /* iterators should be uptodate, shouldn't get errors here: */
-               if (btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_CACHED) {
-                       old = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
-                       BUG_ON(bkey_err(old));
-               } else {
-                       struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) iter->l[0].b;
-
-                       if (ck->valid)
-                               old = bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k);
-               }
+               ref = genradix_ptr(&c->reflink_gc_table, m);
+               if (ref->offset <= idx)
+                       l = m + 1;
+               else
+                       r = m;
+       }
 
-               if (old.k->type == new->k.type) {
-                       bch2_mark_key_locked(c, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new), 0, 0,
-                               fs_usage, trans->journal_res.seq,
-                               BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
+       while (idx < end && !ret)
+               ret = __bch2_mark_reflink_p(c, p, &idx, flags, l++);
 
-               } else {
-                       bch2_mark_key_locked(c, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new), 0, 0,
-                               fs_usage, trans->journal_res.seq,
-                               BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|flags);
-                       bch2_mark_key_locked(c, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new), 0, 0,
-                               fs_usage, trans->journal_res.seq,
-                               BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
-               }
-       } else {
-               struct btree_iter *copy;
+       return ret;
+}
 
-               BUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED);
-               bch2_mark_key_locked(c, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
-                       0, new->k.size,
-                       fs_usage, trans->journal_res.seq,
-                       BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|flags);
+int bch2_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                 struct bkey_s_c old,
+                 struct bkey_s_c new,
+                 unsigned flags)
+{
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
 
-               copy = bch2_trans_copy_iter(trans, iter);
+       switch (k.k->type) {
+       case KEY_TYPE_alloc:
+       case KEY_TYPE_alloc_v2:
+       case KEY_TYPE_alloc_v3:
+               return bch2_mark_alloc(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr:
+       case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2:
+       case KEY_TYPE_extent:
+       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_v:
+               return bch2_mark_extent(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_stripe:
+               return bch2_mark_stripe(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_inode:
+       case KEY_TYPE_inode_v2:
+               return bch2_mark_inode(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_reservation:
+               return bch2_mark_reservation(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_p:
+               return bch2_mark_reflink_p(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_snapshot:
+               return bch2_mark_snapshot(trans, old, new, flags);
+       default:
+               return 0;
+       }
+}
 
-               for_each_btree_key_continue(copy, 0, old, ret) {
-                       unsigned offset = 0;
-                       s64 sectors = -((s64) old.k->size);
+int bch2_mark_update(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_path *path,
+                    struct bkey_i *new, unsigned flags)
+{
+       struct bkey             _deleted = KEY(0, 0, 0);
+       struct bkey_s_c         deleted = (struct bkey_s_c) { &_deleted, NULL };
+       struct bkey_s_c         old;
+       struct bkey             unpacked;
+       int ret;
 
-                       flags |= BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE;
+       _deleted.p = path->pos;
 
-                       if (bkey_cmp(new->k.p, bkey_start_pos(old.k)) <= 0)
-                               break;
+       if (unlikely(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_NORUN))
+               return 0;
 
-                       switch (bch2_extent_overlap(&new->k, old.k)) {
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_ALL:
-                               offset = 0;
-                               sectors = -((s64) old.k->size);
-                               break;
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_BACK:
-                               offset = bkey_start_offset(&new->k) -
-                                       bkey_start_offset(old.k);
-                               sectors = bkey_start_offset(&new->k) -
-                                       old.k->p.offset;
-                               break;
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_FRONT:
-                               offset = 0;
-                               sectors = bkey_start_offset(old.k) -
-                                       new->k.p.offset;
-                               break;
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_MIDDLE:
-                               offset = bkey_start_offset(&new->k) -
-                                       bkey_start_offset(old.k);
-                               sectors = -((s64) new->k.size);
-                               flags |= BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE_SPLIT;
-                               break;
-                       }
+       if (!btree_node_type_needs_gc(path->btree_id))
+               return 0;
 
-                       BUG_ON(sectors >= 0);
+       old = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(path, &unpacked);
 
-                       ret = bch2_mark_key_locked(c, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
-                                       offset, sectors, fs_usage,
-                                       trans->journal_res.seq, flags) ?: 1;
-                       if (ret <= 0)
-                               break;
-               }
-               bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, copy);
+       if (old.k->type == new->k.type &&
+           ((1U << old.k->type) & BTREE_TRIGGER_WANTS_OLD_AND_NEW)) {
+               ret   = bch2_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
+                               BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
+       } else {
+               ret   = bch2_mark_key(trans, deleted, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
+                               BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|flags) ?:
+                       bch2_mark_key(trans, old, deleted,
+                               BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
        }
 
        return ret;
@@ -1266,14 +1340,15 @@ int bch2_mark_update(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 static noinline __cold
 void fs_usage_apply_warn(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                        unsigned disk_res_sectors)
+                        unsigned disk_res_sectors,
+                        s64 should_not_have_added)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct btree_insert_entry *i;
        char buf[200];
 
-       bch_err(c, "disk usage increased more than %u sectors reserved",
-               disk_res_sectors);
+       bch_err(c, "disk usage increased %lli more than %u sectors reserved",
+               should_not_have_added, disk_res_sectors);
 
        trans_for_each_update(trans, i) {
                pr_err("while inserting");
@@ -1281,23 +1356,14 @@ void fs_usage_apply_warn(struct btree_trans *trans,
                pr_err("%s", buf);
                pr_err("overlapping with");
 
-               if (btree_iter_type(i->iter) != BTREE_ITER_CACHED) {
-                       struct btree_iter *copy = bch2_trans_copy_iter(trans, i->iter);
-                       struct bkey_s_c k;
-                       int ret;
-
-                       for_each_btree_key_continue(copy, 0, k, ret) {
-                               if (btree_node_type_is_extents(i->iter->btree_id)
-                                   ? bkey_cmp(i->k->k.p, bkey_start_pos(k.k)) <= 0
-                                   : bkey_cmp(i->k->k.p, k.k->p))
-                                       break;
+               if (!i->cached) {
+                       struct bkey u;
+                       struct bkey_s_c k = bch2_btree_path_peek_slot(i->path, &u);
 
-                               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k);
-                               pr_err("%s", buf);
-                       }
-                       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, copy);
+                       bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, k);
+                       pr_err("%s", buf);
                } else {
-                       struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) i->iter->l[0].b;
+                       struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) i->path->l[0].b;
 
                        if (ck->valid) {
                                bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k));
@@ -1305,23 +1371,23 @@ void fs_usage_apply_warn(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        }
                }
        }
+       __WARN();
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_fs_usage_apply(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                              struct replicas_delta_list *deltas)
+int bch2_trans_fs_usage_apply(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                             struct replicas_delta_list *deltas)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        static int warned_disk_usage = 0;
        bool warn = false;
        unsigned disk_res_sectors = trans->disk_res ? trans->disk_res->sectors : 0;
-       struct replicas_delta *d = deltas->d;
+       struct replicas_delta *d = deltas->d, *d2;
        struct replicas_delta *top = (void *) deltas->d + deltas->used;
        struct bch_fs_usage *dst;
        s64 added = 0, should_not_have_added;
        unsigned i;
 
-       percpu_rwsem_assert_held(&c->mark_lock);
-
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
        preempt_disable();
        dst = fs_usage_ptr(c, trans->journal_res.seq, false);
 
@@ -1333,7 +1399,8 @@ void bch2_trans_fs_usage_apply(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        added += d->delta;
                }
 
-               BUG_ON(update_replicas(c, dst, &d->r, d->delta));
+               if (__update_replicas(c, dst, &d->r, d->delta))
+                       goto need_mark;
        }
 
        dst->nr_inodes += deltas->nr_inodes;
@@ -1350,7 +1417,14 @@ void bch2_trans_fs_usage_apply(struct btree_trans *trans,
         */
        should_not_have_added = added - (s64) disk_res_sectors;
        if (unlikely(should_not_have_added > 0)) {
-               atomic64_sub(should_not_have_added, &c->sectors_available);
+               u64 old, new, v = atomic64_read(&c->sectors_available);
+
+               do {
+                       old = v;
+                       new = max_t(s64, 0, old - should_not_have_added);
+               } while ((v = atomic64_cmpxchg(&c->sectors_available,
+                                              old, new)) != old);
+
                added -= should_not_have_added;
                warn = true;
        }
@@ -1361,124 +1435,71 @@ void bch2_trans_fs_usage_apply(struct btree_trans *trans,
        }
 
        preempt_enable();
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
        if (unlikely(warn) && !xchg(&warned_disk_usage, 1))
-               fs_usage_apply_warn(trans, disk_res_sectors);
-}
-
-/* trans_mark: */
-
-static struct btree_iter *trans_get_update(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                           enum btree_id btree_id, struct bpos pos,
-                           struct bkey_s_c *k)
-{
-       struct btree_insert_entry *i;
-
-       trans_for_each_update(trans, i)
-               if (i->iter->btree_id == btree_id &&
-                   (btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_id)
-                    ? bkey_cmp(pos, bkey_start_pos(&i->k->k)) >= 0 &&
-                      bkey_cmp(pos, i->k->k.p) < 0
-                    : !bkey_cmp(pos, i->iter->pos))) {
-                       *k = bkey_i_to_s_c(i->k);
-
-                       /* ugly hack.. */
-                       BUG_ON(btree_iter_live(trans, i->iter));
-                       trans->iters_live |= 1ULL << i->iter->idx;
-                       return i->iter;
-               }
+               fs_usage_apply_warn(trans, disk_res_sectors, should_not_have_added);
+       return 0;
+need_mark:
+       /* revert changes: */
+       for (d2 = deltas->d; d2 != d; d2 = replicas_delta_next(d2))
+               BUG_ON(__update_replicas(c, dst, &d2->r, -d2->delta));
 
-       return NULL;
+       preempt_enable();
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       return -1;
 }
 
-static int trans_get_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                        enum btree_id btree_id, struct bpos pos,
-                        struct btree_iter **iter,
-                        struct bkey_s_c *k)
-{
-       unsigned flags = btree_id != BTREE_ID_alloc
-               ? BTREE_ITER_SLOTS
-               : BTREE_ITER_CACHED;
-       int ret;
-
-       *iter = trans_get_update(trans, btree_id, pos, k);
-       if (*iter)
-               return 1;
-
-       *iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos,
-                                   flags|BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
-       *k = __bch2_btree_iter_peek(*iter, flags);
-       ret = bkey_err(*k);
-       if (ret)
-               bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, *iter);
-       return ret;
-}
+/* trans_mark: */
 
-static struct bkey_alloc_buf *
-bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter **_iter,
+static int bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
                              const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
                              struct bkey_alloc_unpacked *u)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
-       struct bpos pos = POS(ptr->dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr));
-       struct bucket *g;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
-       struct bkey_alloc_buf *a;
        int ret;
 
-       a = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, sizeof(struct bkey_alloc_buf));
-       if (IS_ERR(a))
-               return a;
-
-       iter = trans_get_update(trans, BTREE_ID_alloc, pos, &k);
-       if (iter) {
-               *u = bch2_alloc_unpack(k);
-       } else {
-               iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(trans, BTREE_ID_alloc, pos,
-                                          BTREE_ITER_CACHED|
-                                          BTREE_ITER_CACHED_NOFILL|
-                                          BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
-               ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
-               if (ret) {
-                       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
-                       return ERR_PTR(ret);
-               }
-
-               percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
-               g = bucket(ca, pos.offset);
-               *u = alloc_mem_to_key(iter, g, READ_ONCE(g->mark));
-               percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
+       bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_alloc,
+                            POS(ptr->dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, ptr)),
+                            BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES|
+                            BTREE_ITER_CACHED|
+                            BTREE_ITER_INTENT);
+       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+       ret = bkey_err(k);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, iter);
+               return ret;
        }
 
-       *_iter = iter;
-       return a;
+       *u = bch2_alloc_unpack(k);
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int bch2_trans_mark_pointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        struct bkey_s_c k, struct extent_ptr_decoded p,
                        s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type data_type)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
-       struct bkey_alloc_buf *a;
        int ret;
 
-       a = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, &p.ptr, &u);
-       if (IS_ERR(a))
-               return PTR_ERR(a);
+       ret = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, &p.ptr, &u);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       ret = __mark_pointer(c, k, &p.ptr, sectors, data_type, u.gen, &u.data_type,
+       ret = __mark_pointer(trans, k, &p.ptr, sectors, data_type,
+                            u.gen, &u.data_type,
                             &u.dirty_sectors, &u.cached_sectors);
        if (ret)
                goto out;
 
-       bch2_alloc_pack(c, a, u);
-       bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, &a->k, 0);
+       ret = bch2_alloc_write(trans, &iter, &u, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out;
 out:
-       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
+       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1487,15 +1508,19 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        s64 sectors, enum bch_data_type data_type)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
        struct bkey_i_stripe *s;
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       ret = trans_get_key(trans, BTREE_ID_stripes, POS(0, p.ec.idx), &iter, &k);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
+       bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, &iter, BTREE_ID_stripes, POS(0, p.ec.idx),
+                            BTREE_ITER_INTENT|
+                            BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES);
+       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(&iter);
+       ret = bkey_err(k);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
        if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_stripe) {
                bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
@@ -1503,7 +1528,7 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        (u64) p.ec.idx);
                bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
                ret = -EIO;
-               goto out;
+               goto err;
        }
 
        if (!bch2_ptr_matches_stripe(bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v, p)) {
@@ -1511,37 +1536,45 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_ptr(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        "stripe pointer doesn't match stripe %llu",
                        (u64) p.ec.idx);
                ret = -EIO;
-               goto out;
+               goto err;
        }
 
        s = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(k.k));
        ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(s);
        if (ret)
-               goto out;
+               goto err;
 
        bkey_reassemble(&s->k_i, k);
        stripe_blockcount_set(&s->v, p.ec.block,
                stripe_blockcount_get(&s->v, p.ec.block) +
                sectors);
-       bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, &s->k_i, 0);
+
+       ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, &iter, &s->k_i, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
        bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&r.e, bkey_i_to_s_c(&s->k_i));
        r.e.data_type = data_type;
        update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors);
-out:
-       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
+err:
+       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
        return ret;
 }
 
 static int bch2_trans_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned offset,
-                       s64 sectors, unsigned flags,
-                       enum bch_data_type data_type)
+                       struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned flags)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        struct bkey_ptrs_c ptrs = bch2_bkey_ptrs_c(k);
        const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
        struct extent_ptr_decoded p;
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
+       enum bch_data_type data_type = bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k)
+               ? BCH_DATA_btree
+               : BCH_DATA_user;
+       s64 sectors = bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k)
+               ? btree_sectors(c)
+               : k.k->size;
        s64 dirty_sectors = 0;
        bool stale;
        int ret;
@@ -1550,15 +1583,14 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
        r.e.nr_devs     = 0;
        r.e.nr_required = 1;
 
-       BUG_ON(!sectors);
-
        bkey_for_each_ptr_decode(k.k, ptrs, p, entry) {
-               s64 disk_sectors = data_type == BCH_DATA_btree
-                       ? sectors
-                       : ptr_disk_sectors_delta(p, offset, sectors, flags);
+               s64 disk_sectors = ptr_disk_sectors(sectors, p);
 
-               ret = bch2_trans_mark_pointer(trans, k, p, disk_sectors,
-                                             data_type);
+               if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)
+                       disk_sectors = -disk_sectors;
+
+               ret = bch2_trans_mark_pointer(trans, k, p,
+                                       disk_sectors, data_type);
                if (ret < 0)
                        return ret;
 
@@ -1587,54 +1619,79 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_extent(struct btree_trans *trans,
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_alloc_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                                           struct bkey_s_c_stripe s,
-                                           unsigned idx, bool deleting)
+static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                        struct bkey_s_c_stripe s,
+                                        unsigned idx, bool deleting)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
        const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr = &s.v->ptrs[idx];
-       struct bkey_alloc_buf *a;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
-       bool parity = idx >= s.v->nr_blocks - s.v->nr_redundant;
+       enum bch_data_type data_type = idx >= s.v->nr_blocks - s.v->nr_redundant
+               ? BCH_DATA_parity : 0;
+       s64 sectors = data_type ? le16_to_cpu(s.v->sectors) : 0;
        int ret = 0;
 
-       a = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, ptr, &u);
-       if (IS_ERR(a))
-               return PTR_ERR(a);
+       if (deleting)
+               sectors = -sectors;
 
-       if (parity) {
-               s64 sectors = le16_to_cpu(s.v->sectors);
-
-               if (deleting)
-                       sectors = -sectors;
+       ret = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, ptr, &u);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-               u.dirty_sectors += sectors;
-               u.data_type = u.dirty_sectors
-                       ? BCH_DATA_parity
-                       : 0;
-       }
+       ret = check_bucket_ref(c, s.s_c, ptr, sectors, data_type,
+                              u.gen, u.data_type,
+                              u.dirty_sectors, u.cached_sectors);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
        if (!deleting) {
-               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(u.stripe && u.stripe != s.k->p.offset, c,
-                               "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u: multiple stripes using same bucket (%u, %llu)",
-                               iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset, u.gen,
+               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(u.stripe ||
+                                           u.stripe_redundancy, c,
+                               "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u data type %s dirty_sectors %u: multiple stripes using same bucket (%u, %llu)",
+                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
+                               bch2_data_types[u.data_type],
+                               u.dirty_sectors,
                                u.stripe, s.k->p.offset)) {
                        ret = -EIO;
                        goto err;
                }
 
+               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(data_type && u.dirty_sectors, c,
+                               "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u data type %s dirty_sectors %u: data already in stripe bucket %llu",
+                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
+                               bch2_data_types[u.data_type],
+                               u.dirty_sectors,
+                               s.k->p.offset)) {
+                       ret = -EIO;
+                       goto err;
+               }
+
                u.stripe                = s.k->p.offset;
                u.stripe_redundancy     = s.v->nr_redundant;
        } else {
+               if (bch2_fs_inconsistent_on(u.stripe != s.k->p.offset ||
+                                           u.stripe_redundancy != s.v->nr_redundant, c,
+                               "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u: not marked as stripe when deleting stripe %llu (got %u)",
+                               iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
+                               s.k->p.offset, u.stripe)) {
+                       ret = -EIO;
+                       goto err;
+               }
+
                u.stripe                = 0;
                u.stripe_redundancy     = 0;
        }
 
-       bch2_alloc_pack(c, a, u);
-       bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, &a->k, 0);
+       u.dirty_sectors += sectors;
+       if (data_type)
+               u.data_type = !deleting ? data_type : 0;
+
+       ret = bch2_alloc_write(trans, &iter, &u, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 err:
-       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
+       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1642,10 +1699,10 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                  struct bkey_s_c old, struct bkey_s_c new,
                                  unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bkey_s_c_stripe old_s = { NULL };
-       struct bkey_s_c_stripe new_s = { NULL };
+       struct bkey_s_c_stripe old_s = { .k = NULL };
+       struct bkey_s_c_stripe new_s = { .k = NULL };
        struct bch_replicas_padded r;
-       unsigned i;
+       unsigned i, nr_blocks;
        int ret = 0;
 
        if (old.k->type == KEY_TYPE_stripe)
@@ -1663,18 +1720,17 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
                    new_s.v->nr_blocks * sizeof(struct bch_extent_ptr)))
                return 0;
 
+       BUG_ON(new_s.k && old_s.k &&
+              (new_s.v->nr_blocks      != old_s.v->nr_blocks ||
+               new_s.v->nr_redundant   != old_s.v->nr_redundant));
+
+       nr_blocks = new_s.k ? new_s.v->nr_blocks : old_s.v->nr_blocks;
+
        if (new_s.k) {
                s64 sectors = le16_to_cpu(new_s.v->sectors);
 
                bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&r.e, new);
                update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors * new_s.v->nr_redundant);
-
-               for (i = 0; i < new_s.v->nr_blocks; i++) {
-                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_alloc_ref(trans, new_s,
-                                                              i, false);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               }
        }
 
        if (old_s.k) {
@@ -1682,78 +1738,87 @@ static int bch2_trans_mark_stripe(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
                bch2_bkey_to_replicas(&r.e, old);
                update_replicas_list(trans, &r.e, sectors * old_s.v->nr_redundant);
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_blocks; i++) {
+               if (new_s.k && old_s.k &&
+                   !memcmp(&new_s.v->ptrs[i],
+                           &old_s.v->ptrs[i],
+                           sizeof(new_s.v->ptrs[i])))
+                       continue;
 
-               for (i = 0; i < old_s.v->nr_blocks; i++) {
-                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_alloc_ref(trans, old_s,
-                                                              i, true);
+               if (new_s.k) {
+                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(trans, new_s, i, false);
                        if (ret)
-                               return ret;
+                               break;
+               }
+
+               if (old_s.k) {
+                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_stripe_bucket(trans, old_s, i, true);
+                       if (ret)
+                               break;
                }
        }
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static __le64 *bkey_refcount(struct bkey_i *k)
+static int bch2_trans_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                struct bkey_s_c old,
+                                struct bkey_s_c new,
+                                unsigned flags)
 {
-       switch (k->k.type) {
-       case KEY_TYPE_reflink_v:
-               return &bkey_i_to_reflink_v(k)->v.refcount;
-       case KEY_TYPE_indirect_inline_data:
-               return &bkey_i_to_indirect_inline_data(k)->v.refcount;
-       default:
-               return NULL;
+       int nr = bkey_is_inode(new.k) - bkey_is_inode(old.k);
+
+       if (nr) {
+               struct replicas_delta_list *d =
+                       replicas_deltas_realloc(trans, 0);
+               d->nr_inodes += nr;
        }
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static bool reflink_p_frag_references(struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p,
-                                     u64 start, u64 end,
-                                     struct bkey_s_c k)
+static int bch2_trans_mark_reservation(struct btree_trans *trans,
+                                      struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned flags)
 {
-       if (start == end)
-               return false;
+       unsigned replicas = bkey_s_c_to_reservation(k).v->nr_replicas;
+       s64 sectors = (s64) k.k->size;
+       struct replicas_delta_list *d;
+
+       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)
+               sectors = -sectors;
+       sectors *= replicas;
 
-       start   += le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx);
-       end     += le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx);
+       d = replicas_deltas_realloc(trans, 0);
 
-       if (end <= bkey_start_offset(k.k))
-               return false;
-       if (start >= k.k->p.offset)
-               return false;
-       return true;
+       replicas = clamp_t(unsigned, replicas, 1,
+                          ARRAY_SIZE(d->persistent_reserved));
+
+       d->persistent_reserved[replicas - 1] += sectors;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
                        struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p,
-                       u64 idx, unsigned sectors,
-                       unsigned front_frag,
-                       unsigned back_frag,
-                       unsigned flags)
+                       u64 *idx, unsigned flags)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_s_c k;
        struct bkey_i *n;
        __le64 *refcount;
        int add = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE) ? 1 : -1;
-       s64 ret;
-
-       ret = trans_get_key(trans, BTREE_ID_reflink,
-                           POS(0, idx), &iter, &k);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       if (reflink_p_frag_references(p, 0, front_frag, k) &&
-           reflink_p_frag_references(p, back_frag, p.k->size, k)) {
-               BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE_SPLIT));
-               add = -add;
-       } else if (reflink_p_frag_references(p, 0, front_frag, k) ||
-                  reflink_p_frag_references(p, back_frag, p.k->size, k)) {
-               BUG_ON(!(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE));
-               goto out;
-       }
+       char buf[200];
+       int ret;
 
-       sectors = min_t(u64, sectors, k.k->p.offset - idx);
+       bch2_trans_iter_init(trans, &iter, BTREE_ID_reflink, POS(0, *idx),
+                            BTREE_ITER_INTENT|
+                            BTREE_ITER_WITH_UPDATES);
+       k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(&iter);
+       ret = bkey_err(k);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
        n = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(k.k));
        ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(n);
@@ -1764,15 +1829,38 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
        refcount = bkey_refcount(n);
        if (!refcount) {
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, p.s_c);
                bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
-                       "%llu:%llu len %u points to nonexistent indirect extent %llu",
-                       p.k->p.inode, p.k->p.offset, p.k->size, idx);
-               bch2_inconsistent_error(c);
+                       "nonexistent indirect extent at %llu while marking\n  %s",
+                       *idx, buf);
                ret = -EIO;
                goto err;
        }
 
-       BUG_ON(!*refcount && (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE));
+       if (!*refcount && (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)) {
+               bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c, p.s_c);
+               bch2_fs_inconsistent(c,
+                       "indirect extent refcount underflow at %llu while marking\n  %s",
+                       *idx, buf);
+               ret = -EIO;
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT) {
+               struct bch_reflink_p *v = (struct bch_reflink_p *) p.v;
+               u64 pad;
+
+               pad = max_t(s64, le32_to_cpu(v->front_pad),
+                           le64_to_cpu(v->idx) - bkey_start_offset(k.k));
+               BUG_ON(pad > U32_MAX);
+               v->front_pad = cpu_to_le32(pad);
+
+               pad = max_t(s64, le32_to_cpu(v->back_pad),
+                           k.k->p.offset - p.k->size - le64_to_cpu(v->idx));
+               BUG_ON(pad > U32_MAX);
+               v->back_pad = cpu_to_le32(pad);
+       }
+
        le64_add_cpu(refcount, add);
 
        if (!*refcount) {
@@ -1780,224 +1868,94 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
                set_bkey_val_u64s(&n->k, 0);
        }
 
-       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, bkey_start_pos(k.k));
-       bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, n, 0);
-out:
-       ret = sectors;
+       bch2_btree_iter_set_pos_to_extent_start(&iter);
+       ret = bch2_trans_update(trans, &iter, n, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
+
+       *idx = k.k->p.offset;
 err:
-       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
+       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
        return ret;
 }
 
 static int bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p, unsigned offset,
-                       s64 sectors, unsigned flags)
+                                    struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned flags)
 {
-       u64 idx = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx) + offset;
-       unsigned front_frag, back_frag;
-       s64 ret = 0;
+       struct bkey_s_c_reflink_p p = bkey_s_c_to_reflink_p(k);
+       u64 idx, end_idx;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       sectors = abs(sectors);
-       BUG_ON(offset + sectors > p.k->size);
+       if (flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT) {
+               struct bch_reflink_p *v = (struct bch_reflink_p *) p.v;
 
-       front_frag = offset;
-       back_frag = offset + sectors;
+               v->front_pad = v->back_pad = 0;
+       }
 
-       while (sectors) {
-               ret = __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(trans, p, idx, sectors,
-                                       front_frag, back_frag, flags);
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       break;
+       idx     = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx) - le32_to_cpu(p.v->front_pad);
+       end_idx = le64_to_cpu(p.v->idx) + p.k->size +
+               le32_to_cpu(p.v->back_pad);
 
-               idx += ret;
-               sectors = max_t(s64, 0LL, sectors - ret);
-               ret = 0;
-       }
+       while (idx < end_idx && !ret)
+               ret = __bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(trans, p, &idx, flags);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                       struct bkey_s_c old,
-                       struct bkey_s_c new,
-                       unsigned offset, s64 sectors, unsigned flags)
+int bch2_trans_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bkey_s_c old,
+                       struct bkey_s_c new, unsigned flags)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT ? new : old;
-       struct replicas_delta_list *d;
-
-       BUG_ON(!(flags & (BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)));
+       struct bkey_s_c k = flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE ? old: new;
 
        switch (k.k->type) {
        case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr:
        case KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2:
-               sectors = !(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE)
-                       ?  c->opts.btree_node_size
-                       : -c->opts.btree_node_size;
-
-               return bch2_trans_mark_extent(trans, k, offset, sectors,
-                                             flags, BCH_DATA_btree);
        case KEY_TYPE_extent:
        case KEY_TYPE_reflink_v:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_extent(trans, k, offset, sectors,
-                                             flags, BCH_DATA_user);
+               return bch2_trans_mark_extent(trans, k, flags);
        case KEY_TYPE_stripe:
                return bch2_trans_mark_stripe(trans, old, new, flags);
-       case KEY_TYPE_inode: {
-               int nr = (new.k->type == KEY_TYPE_inode) -
-                        (old.k->type == KEY_TYPE_inode);
-
-               if (nr) {
-                       d = replicas_deltas_realloc(trans, 0);
-                       d->nr_inodes += nr;
-               }
-
-               return 0;
-       }
-       case KEY_TYPE_reservation: {
-               unsigned replicas = bkey_s_c_to_reservation(k).v->nr_replicas;
-
-               d = replicas_deltas_realloc(trans, 0);
-
-               sectors *= replicas;
-               replicas = clamp_t(unsigned, replicas, 1,
-                                  ARRAY_SIZE(d->persistent_reserved));
-
-               d->persistent_reserved[replicas - 1] += sectors;
-               return 0;
-       }
+       case KEY_TYPE_inode:
+       case KEY_TYPE_inode_v2:
+               return bch2_trans_mark_inode(trans, old, new, flags);
+       case KEY_TYPE_reservation:
+               return bch2_trans_mark_reservation(trans, k, flags);
        case KEY_TYPE_reflink_p:
-               return bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(trans,
-                                       bkey_s_c_to_reflink_p(k),
-                                       offset, sectors, flags);
+               return bch2_trans_mark_reflink_p(trans, k, flags);
        default:
                return 0;
        }
 }
 
-int bch2_trans_mark_update(struct btree_trans *trans,
-                          struct btree_iter *iter,
-                          struct bkey_i *new,
-                          unsigned flags)
-{
-       struct bkey_s_c old;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (unlikely(flags & BTREE_TRIGGER_NORUN))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!btree_node_type_needs_gc(iter->btree_id))
-               return 0;
-
-       if (!btree_node_type_is_extents(iter->btree_id)) {
-               if (btree_iter_type(iter) != BTREE_ITER_CACHED) {
-                       old = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
-                       ret = bkey_err(old);
-                       if (ret)
-                               return ret;
-               } else {
-                       struct bkey_cached *ck = (void *) iter->l[0].b;
-
-                       BUG_ON(!ck->valid);
-                       old = bkey_i_to_s_c(ck->k);
-               }
-
-               if (old.k->type == new->k.type) {
-                       ret   = bch2_trans_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new), 0, 0,
-                                       BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
-               } else {
-                       ret   = bch2_trans_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new), 0, 0,
-                                       BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT|flags) ?:
-                               bch2_trans_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new), 0, 0,
-                                       BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE|flags);
-               }
-       } else {
-               struct btree_iter *copy;
-               struct bkey _old;
-
-               EBUG_ON(btree_iter_type(iter) == BTREE_ITER_CACHED);
-
-               bkey_init(&_old);
-               old = (struct bkey_s_c) { &_old, NULL };
-
-               ret = bch2_trans_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
-                                         0, new->k.size,
-                                         BTREE_TRIGGER_INSERT);
-               if (ret)
-                       return ret;
-
-               copy = bch2_trans_copy_iter(trans, iter);
-
-               for_each_btree_key_continue(copy, 0, old, ret) {
-                       unsigned offset = 0;
-                       s64 sectors = -((s64) old.k->size);
-
-                       flags |= BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE;
-
-                       if (bkey_cmp(new->k.p, bkey_start_pos(old.k)) <= 0)
-                               break;
-
-                       switch (bch2_extent_overlap(&new->k, old.k)) {
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_ALL:
-                               offset = 0;
-                               sectors = -((s64) old.k->size);
-                               break;
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_BACK:
-                               offset = bkey_start_offset(&new->k) -
-                                       bkey_start_offset(old.k);
-                               sectors = bkey_start_offset(&new->k) -
-                                       old.k->p.offset;
-                               break;
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_FRONT:
-                               offset = 0;
-                               sectors = bkey_start_offset(old.k) -
-                                       new->k.p.offset;
-                               break;
-                       case BCH_EXTENT_OVERLAP_MIDDLE:
-                               offset = bkey_start_offset(&new->k) -
-                                       bkey_start_offset(old.k);
-                               sectors = -((s64) new->k.size);
-                               flags |= BTREE_TRIGGER_OVERWRITE_SPLIT;
-                               break;
-                       }
-
-                       BUG_ON(sectors >= 0);
-
-                       ret = bch2_trans_mark_key(trans, old, bkey_i_to_s_c(new),
-                                       offset, sectors, flags);
-                       if (ret)
-                               break;
-               }
-               bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, copy);
-       }
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
 static int __bch2_trans_mark_metadata_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
                                    struct bch_dev *ca, size_t b,
                                    enum bch_data_type type,
                                    unsigned sectors)
 {
        struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-       struct btree_iter *iter;
+       struct btree_iter iter;
        struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
-       struct bkey_alloc_buf *a;
        struct bch_extent_ptr ptr = {
                .dev = ca->dev_idx,
                .offset = bucket_to_sector(ca, b),
        };
        int ret = 0;
 
-       a = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, &ptr, &u);
-       if (IS_ERR(a))
-               return PTR_ERR(a);
+       /*
+        * Backup superblock might be past the end of our normal usable space:
+        */
+       if (b >= ca->mi.nbuckets)
+               return 0;
+
+       ret = bch2_trans_start_alloc_update(trans, &iter, &ptr, &u);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
        if (u.data_type && u.data_type != type) {
                bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
                        "bucket %llu:%llu gen %u different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
                        "while marking %s",
-                       iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset, u.gen,
+                       iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, u.gen,
                        bch2_data_types[u.data_type],
                        bch2_data_types[type],
                        bch2_data_types[type]);
@@ -2008,10 +1966,11 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_metadata_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
        u.data_type     = type;
        u.dirty_sectors = sectors;
 
-       bch2_alloc_pack(c, a, u);
-       bch2_trans_update(trans, iter, &a->k, 0);
+       ret = bch2_alloc_write(trans, &iter, &u, 0);
+       if (ret)
+               goto out;
 out:
-       bch2_trans_iter_put(trans, iter);
+       bch2_trans_iter_exit(trans, &iter);
        return ret;
 }
 
@@ -2180,16 +2139,25 @@ static void buckets_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
                buckets->nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket));
 }
 
+static void bucket_gens_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
+{
+       struct bucket_gens *buckets =
+               container_of(rcu, struct bucket_gens, rcu);
+
+       kvpfree(buckets, sizeof(struct bucket_array) + buckets->nbuckets);
+}
+
 int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
 {
        struct bucket_array *buckets = NULL, *old_buckets = NULL;
+       struct bucket_gens *bucket_gens = NULL, *old_bucket_gens = NULL;
        unsigned long *buckets_nouse = NULL;
        alloc_fifo      free[RESERVE_NR];
        alloc_fifo      free_inc;
        alloc_heap      alloc_heap;
 
        size_t btree_reserve    = DIV_ROUND_UP(BTREE_NODE_RESERVE,
-                            ca->mi.bucket_size / c->opts.btree_node_size);
+                            ca->mi.bucket_size / btree_sectors(c));
        /* XXX: these should be tunable */
        size_t reserve_none     = max_t(size_t, 1, nbuckets >> 9);
        size_t copygc_reserve   = max_t(size_t, 2, nbuckets >> 6);
@@ -2206,6 +2174,8 @@ int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
        if (!(buckets           = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bucket_array) +
                                            nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket),
                                            GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
+           !(bucket_gens       = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bucket_gens) + nbuckets,
+                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
            !(buckets_nouse     = kvpmalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(nbuckets) *
                                            sizeof(unsigned long),
                                            GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
@@ -2218,6 +2188,8 @@ int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
 
        buckets->first_bucket   = ca->mi.first_bucket;
        buckets->nbuckets       = nbuckets;
+       bucket_gens->first_bucket = ca->mi.first_bucket;
+       bucket_gens->nbuckets   = nbuckets;
 
        bch2_copygc_stop(c);
 
@@ -2228,6 +2200,7 @@ int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
        }
 
        old_buckets = bucket_array(ca);
+       old_bucket_gens = rcu_dereference_protected(ca->bucket_gens, 1);
 
        if (resize) {
                size_t n = min(buckets->nbuckets, old_buckets->nbuckets);
@@ -2235,13 +2208,18 @@ int bch2_dev_buckets_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
                memcpy(buckets->b,
                       old_buckets->b,
                       n * sizeof(struct bucket));
+               memcpy(bucket_gens->b,
+                      old_bucket_gens->b,
+                      n);
                memcpy(buckets_nouse,
                       ca->buckets_nouse,
                       BITS_TO_LONGS(n) * sizeof(unsigned long));
        }
 
        rcu_assign_pointer(ca->buckets[0], buckets);
-       buckets = old_buckets;
+       rcu_assign_pointer(ca->bucket_gens, bucket_gens);
+       buckets         = old_buckets;
+       bucket_gens     = old_bucket_gens;
 
        swap(ca->buckets_nouse, buckets_nouse);
 
@@ -2275,6 +2253,8 @@ err:
                free_fifo(&free[i]);
        kvpfree(buckets_nouse,
                BITS_TO_LONGS(nbuckets) * sizeof(unsigned long));
+       if (bucket_gens)
+               call_rcu(&old_buckets->rcu, bucket_gens_free_rcu);
        if (buckets)
                call_rcu(&old_buckets->rcu, buckets_free_rcu);