]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/super-io.c
Update bcachefs sources to bdf6d7c135 fixup! bcachefs: Kill journal buf bloom filter
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / super-io.c
index 71d97c57830fd33df4463e631942aae16c610a0b..a2b789b4ac68a344dde31b82ffe1687373f0eecc 100644 (file)
@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
+#include "btree_update_interior.h"
+#include "buckets.h"
 #include "checksum.h"
 #include "disk_groups.h"
 #include "ec.h"
 #include "error.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "journal.h"
+#include "journal_io.h"
+#include "journal_sb.h"
+#include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
 #include "replicas.h"
 #include "quota.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
 #include "super.h"
 #include "vstructs.h"
+#include "counters.h"
 
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/sort.h>
 
+#include <trace/events/bcachefs.h>
+
 const char * const bch2_sb_fields[] = {
 #define x(name, nr)    #name,
        BCH_SB_FIELDS()
@@ -22,8 +31,8 @@ const char * const bch2_sb_fields[] = {
        NULL
 };
 
-static const char *bch2_sb_field_validate(struct bch_sb *,
-                                         struct bch_sb_field *);
+static int bch2_sb_field_validate(struct bch_sb *, struct bch_sb_field *,
+                                 struct printbuf *);
 
 struct bch_sb_field *bch2_sb_field_get(struct bch_sb *sb,
                                      enum bch_sb_field_type type)
@@ -45,10 +54,11 @@ static struct bch_sb_field *__bch2_sb_field_resize(struct bch_sb_handle *sb,
        unsigned old_u64s = f ? le32_to_cpu(f->u64s) : 0;
        unsigned sb_u64s = le32_to_cpu(sb->sb->u64s) + u64s - old_u64s;
 
-       BUG_ON(get_order(__vstruct_bytes(struct bch_sb, sb_u64s)) >
-              sb->page_order);
+       BUG_ON(__vstruct_bytes(struct bch_sb, sb_u64s) > sb->buffer_size);
 
-       if (!f) {
+       if (!f && !u64s) {
+               /* nothing to do: */
+       } else if (!f) {
                f = vstruct_last(sb->sb);
                memset(f, 0, sizeof(u64) * u64s);
                f->u64s = cpu_to_le32(u64s);
@@ -94,18 +104,23 @@ void bch2_free_super(struct bch_sb_handle *sb)
        if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(sb->bdev))
                blkdev_put(sb->bdev, sb->mode);
 
-       free_pages((unsigned long) sb->sb, sb->page_order);
+       kfree(sb->sb);
        memset(sb, 0, sizeof(*sb));
 }
 
 int bch2_sb_realloc(struct bch_sb_handle *sb, unsigned u64s)
 {
        size_t new_bytes = __vstruct_bytes(struct bch_sb, u64s);
-       unsigned order = get_order(new_bytes);
+       size_t new_buffer_size;
        struct bch_sb *new_sb;
        struct bio *bio;
 
-       if (sb->sb && sb->page_order >= order)
+       if (sb->bdev)
+               new_bytes = max_t(size_t, new_bytes, bdev_logical_block_size(sb->bdev));
+
+       new_buffer_size = roundup_pow_of_two(new_bytes);
+
+       if (sb->sb && sb->buffer_size >= new_buffer_size)
                return 0;
 
        if (sb->have_layout) {
@@ -120,14 +135,15 @@ int bch2_sb_realloc(struct bch_sb_handle *sb, unsigned u64s)
                }
        }
 
-       if (sb->page_order >= order && sb->sb)
+       if (sb->buffer_size >= new_buffer_size && sb->sb)
                return 0;
 
        if (dynamic_fault("bcachefs:add:super_realloc"))
                return -ENOMEM;
 
        if (sb->have_bio) {
-               bio = bio_kmalloc(GFP_KERNEL, 1 << order);
+               bio = bio_kmalloc(GFP_KERNEL,
+                       DIV_ROUND_UP(new_buffer_size, PAGE_SIZE));
                if (!bio)
                        return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -136,17 +152,12 @@ int bch2_sb_realloc(struct bch_sb_handle *sb, unsigned u64s)
                sb->bio = bio;
        }
 
-       new_sb = (void *) __get_free_pages(GFP_NOFS|__GFP_ZERO, order);
+       new_sb = krealloc(sb->sb, new_buffer_size, GFP_NOFS|__GFP_ZERO);
        if (!new_sb)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
-       if (sb->sb)
-               memcpy(new_sb, sb->sb, PAGE_SIZE << sb->page_order);
-
-       free_pages((unsigned long) sb->sb, sb->page_order);
        sb->sb = new_sb;
-
-       sb->page_order = order;
+       sb->buffer_size = new_buffer_size;
 
        return 0;
 }
@@ -195,22 +206,31 @@ static inline void __bch2_sb_layout_size_assert(void)
        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct bch_sb_layout) != 512);
 }
 
-static const char *validate_sb_layout(struct bch_sb_layout *layout)
+static int validate_sb_layout(struct bch_sb_layout *layout, struct printbuf *out)
 {
        u64 offset, prev_offset, max_sectors;
        unsigned i;
 
-       if (uuid_le_cmp(layout->magic, BCACHE_MAGIC))
-               return "Not a bcachefs superblock layout";
+       if (uuid_le_cmp(layout->magic, BCACHE_MAGIC)) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Not a bcachefs superblock layout");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (layout->layout_type != 0)
-               return "Invalid superblock layout type";
+       if (layout->layout_type != 0) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock layout type %u",
+                      layout->layout_type);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (!layout->nr_superblocks)
-               return "Invalid superblock layout: no superblocks";
+       if (!layout->nr_superblocks) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock layout: no superblocks");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (layout->nr_superblocks > ARRAY_SIZE(layout->sb_offset))
-               return "Invalid superblock layout: too many superblocks";
+       if (layout->nr_superblocks > ARRAY_SIZE(layout->sb_offset)) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock layout: too many superblocks");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        max_sectors = 1 << layout->sb_max_size_bits;
 
@@ -219,126 +239,163 @@ static const char *validate_sb_layout(struct bch_sb_layout *layout)
        for (i = 1; i < layout->nr_superblocks; i++) {
                offset = le64_to_cpu(layout->sb_offset[i]);
 
-               if (offset < prev_offset + max_sectors)
-                       return "Invalid superblock layout: superblocks overlap";
+               if (offset < prev_offset + max_sectors) {
+                       pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock layout: superblocks overlap\n"
+                              "  (sb %u ends at %llu next starts at %llu",
+                              i - 1, prev_offset + max_sectors, offset);
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
                prev_offset = offset;
        }
 
-       return NULL;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-const char *bch2_sb_validate(struct bch_sb_handle *disk_sb)
+static int bch2_sb_validate(struct bch_sb_handle *disk_sb, struct printbuf *out,
+                           int rw)
 {
        struct bch_sb *sb = disk_sb->sb;
        struct bch_sb_field *f;
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
-       const char *err;
+       enum bch_opt_id opt_id;
        u32 version, version_min;
        u16 block_size;
+       int ret;
 
        version         = le16_to_cpu(sb->version);
-       version_min     = version >= bcachefs_metadata_version_new_versioning
+       version_min     = version >= bcachefs_metadata_version_bkey_renumber
                ? le16_to_cpu(sb->version_min)
                : version;
 
-       if (version    >= bcachefs_metadata_version_max ||
-           version_min < bcachefs_metadata_version_min)
-               return "Unsupported superblock version";
+       if (version    >= bcachefs_metadata_version_max) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Unsupported superblock version %u (min %u, max %u)",
+                      version, bcachefs_metadata_version_min, bcachefs_metadata_version_max);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       if (version_min < bcachefs_metadata_version_min) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Unsupported superblock version %u (min %u, max %u)",
+                      version_min, bcachefs_metadata_version_min, bcachefs_metadata_version_max);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (version_min > version)
-               return "Bad minimum version";
+       if (version_min > version) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Bad minimum version %u, greater than version field %u",
+                      version_min, version);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        if (sb->features[1] ||
-           (le64_to_cpu(sb->features[0]) & (~0ULL << BCH_FEATURE_NR)))
-               return "Filesystem has incompatible features";
+           (le64_to_cpu(sb->features[0]) & (~0ULL << BCH_FEATURE_NR))) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Filesystem has incompatible features");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        block_size = le16_to_cpu(sb->block_size);
 
-       if (!is_power_of_2(block_size) ||
-           block_size > PAGE_SECTORS)
-               return "Bad block size";
+       if (block_size > PAGE_SECTORS) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Block size too big (got %u, max %u)",
+                      block_size, PAGE_SECTORS);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (bch2_is_zero(sb->user_uuid.b, sizeof(uuid_le)))
-               return "Bad user UUID";
+       if (bch2_is_zero(sb->user_uuid.b, sizeof(uuid_le))) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Bad user UUID (got zeroes)");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (bch2_is_zero(sb->uuid.b, sizeof(uuid_le)))
-               return "Bad internal UUID";
+       if (bch2_is_zero(sb->uuid.b, sizeof(uuid_le))) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Bad intenal UUID (got zeroes)");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        if (!sb->nr_devices ||
-           sb->nr_devices <= sb->dev_idx ||
-           sb->nr_devices > BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX)
-               return "Bad number of member devices";
-
-       if (!BCH_SB_META_REPLICAS_WANT(sb) ||
-           BCH_SB_META_REPLICAS_WANT(sb) >= BCH_REPLICAS_MAX)
-               return "Invalid number of metadata replicas";
-
-       if (!BCH_SB_META_REPLICAS_REQ(sb) ||
-           BCH_SB_META_REPLICAS_REQ(sb) >= BCH_REPLICAS_MAX)
-               return "Invalid number of metadata replicas";
-
-       if (!BCH_SB_DATA_REPLICAS_WANT(sb) ||
-           BCH_SB_DATA_REPLICAS_WANT(sb) >= BCH_REPLICAS_MAX)
-               return "Invalid number of data replicas";
-
-       if (!BCH_SB_DATA_REPLICAS_REQ(sb) ||
-           BCH_SB_DATA_REPLICAS_REQ(sb) >= BCH_REPLICAS_MAX)
-               return "Invalid number of data replicas";
+           sb->nr_devices > BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Bad number of member devices %u (max %u)",
+                      sb->nr_devices, BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (BCH_SB_META_CSUM_TYPE(sb) >= BCH_CSUM_OPT_NR)
-               return "Invalid metadata checksum type";
+       if (sb->dev_idx >= sb->nr_devices) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Bad dev_idx (got %u, nr_devices %u)",
+                      sb->dev_idx, sb->nr_devices);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (BCH_SB_DATA_CSUM_TYPE(sb) >= BCH_CSUM_OPT_NR)
-               return "Invalid metadata checksum type";
+       if (!sb->time_precision ||
+           le32_to_cpu(sb->time_precision) > NSEC_PER_SEC) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Invalid time precision: %u (min 1, max %lu)",
+                      le32_to_cpu(sb->time_precision), NSEC_PER_SEC);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (BCH_SB_COMPRESSION_TYPE(sb) >= BCH_COMPRESSION_OPT_NR)
-               return "Invalid compression type";
+       if (rw == READ) {
+               /*
+                * Been seeing a bug where these are getting inexplicably
+                * zeroed, so we'r now validating them, but we have to be
+                * careful not to preven people's filesystems from mounting:
+                */
+               if (!BCH_SB_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DELAY(sb))
+                       SET_BCH_SB_JOURNAL_FLUSH_DELAY(sb, 1000);
+               if (!BCH_SB_JOURNAL_RECLAIM_DELAY(sb))
+                       SET_BCH_SB_JOURNAL_RECLAIM_DELAY(sb, 1000);
+       }
 
-       if (!BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(sb))
-               return "Btree node size not set";
+       for (opt_id = 0; opt_id < bch2_opts_nr; opt_id++) {
+               const struct bch_option *opt = bch2_opt_table + opt_id;
 
-       if (!is_power_of_2(BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(sb)))
-               return "Btree node size not a power of two";
+               if (opt->get_sb != BCH2_NO_SB_OPT) {
+                       u64 v = bch2_opt_from_sb(sb, opt_id);
 
-       if (BCH_SB_GC_RESERVE(sb) < 5)
-               return "gc reserve percentage too small";
+                       pr_buf(out, "Invalid option ");
+                       ret = bch2_opt_validate(opt, v, out);
+                       if (ret)
+                               return ret;
 
-       if (!sb->time_precision ||
-           le32_to_cpu(sb->time_precision) > NSEC_PER_SEC)
-               return "invalid time precision";
+                       printbuf_reset(out);
+               }
+       }
 
        /* validate layout */
-       err = validate_sb_layout(&sb->layout);
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       ret = validate_sb_layout(&sb->layout, out);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
        vstruct_for_each(sb, f) {
-               if (!f->u64s)
-                       return "Invalid superblock: invalid optional field";
+               if (!f->u64s) {
+                       pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock: optional with size 0 (type %u)",
+                              le32_to_cpu(f->type));
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
 
-               if (vstruct_next(f) > vstruct_last(sb))
-                       return "Invalid superblock: invalid optional field";
+               if (vstruct_next(f) > vstruct_last(sb)) {
+                       pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock: optional field extends past end of superblock (type %u)",
+                              le32_to_cpu(f->type));
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
        }
 
        /* members must be validated first: */
        mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb);
-       if (!mi)
-               return "Invalid superblock: member info area missing";
+       if (!mi) {
+               pr_buf(out, "Invalid superblock: member info area missing");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       err = bch2_sb_field_validate(sb, &mi->field);
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       ret = bch2_sb_field_validate(sb, &mi->field, out);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
        vstruct_for_each(sb, f) {
                if (le32_to_cpu(f->type) == BCH_SB_FIELD_members)
                        continue;
 
-               err = bch2_sb_field_validate(sb, f);
-               if (err)
-                       return err;
+               ret = bch2_sb_field_validate(sb, f, out);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
        }
 
-       return NULL;
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /* device open: */
@@ -355,13 +412,19 @@ static void bch2_sb_update(struct bch_fs *c)
        c->sb.uuid              = src->uuid;
        c->sb.user_uuid         = src->user_uuid;
        c->sb.version           = le16_to_cpu(src->version);
+       c->sb.version_min       = le16_to_cpu(src->version_min);
        c->sb.nr_devices        = src->nr_devices;
        c->sb.clean             = BCH_SB_CLEAN(src);
        c->sb.encryption_type   = BCH_SB_ENCRYPTION_TYPE(src);
-       c->sb.encoded_extent_max= 1 << BCH_SB_ENCODED_EXTENT_MAX_BITS(src);
-       c->sb.time_base_lo      = le64_to_cpu(src->time_base_lo);
+
+       c->sb.nsec_per_time_unit = le32_to_cpu(src->time_precision);
+       c->sb.time_units_per_sec = NSEC_PER_SEC / c->sb.nsec_per_time_unit;
+
+       /* XXX this is wrong, we need a 96 or 128 bit integer type */
+       c->sb.time_base_lo      = div_u64(le64_to_cpu(src->time_base_lo),
+                                         c->sb.nsec_per_time_unit);
        c->sb.time_base_hi      = le32_to_cpu(src->time_base_hi);
-       c->sb.time_precision    = le32_to_cpu(src->time_precision);
+
        c->sb.features          = le64_to_cpu(src->features[0]);
        c->sb.compat            = le64_to_cpu(src->compat[0]);
 
@@ -369,7 +432,6 @@ static void bch2_sb_update(struct bch_fs *c)
                ca->mi = bch2_mi_to_cpu(mi->members + i);
 }
 
-/* doesn't copy member info */
 static void __copy_super(struct bch_sb_handle *dst_handle, struct bch_sb *src)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field *src_f, *dst_f;
@@ -395,7 +457,7 @@ static void __copy_super(struct bch_sb_handle *dst_handle, struct bch_sb *src)
        memcpy(dst->compat,     src->compat,    sizeof(dst->compat));
 
        for (i = 0; i < BCH_SB_FIELD_NR; i++) {
-               if (i == BCH_SB_FIELD_journal)
+               if ((1U << i) & BCH_SINGLE_DEVICE_SB_FIELDS)
                        continue;
 
                src_f = bch2_sb_field_get(src, i);
@@ -459,50 +521,78 @@ int bch2_sb_from_fs(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 
 /* read superblock: */
 
-static const char *read_one_super(struct bch_sb_handle *sb, u64 offset)
+static int read_one_super(struct bch_sb_handle *sb, u64 offset, struct printbuf *err)
 {
        struct bch_csum csum;
+       u32 version, version_min;
        size_t bytes;
+       int ret;
 reread:
        bio_reset(sb->bio);
        bio_set_dev(sb->bio, sb->bdev);
        sb->bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = offset;
-       sb->bio->bi_iter.bi_size = PAGE_SIZE << sb->page_order;
        bio_set_op_attrs(sb->bio, REQ_OP_READ, REQ_SYNC|REQ_META);
-       bch2_bio_map(sb->bio, sb->sb);
+       bch2_bio_map(sb->bio, sb->sb, sb->buffer_size);
 
-       if (submit_bio_wait(sb->bio))
-               return "IO error";
+       ret = submit_bio_wait(sb->bio);
+       if (ret) {
+               pr_buf(err, "IO error: %i", ret);
+               return ret;
+       }
 
-       if (uuid_le_cmp(sb->sb->magic, BCACHE_MAGIC))
-               return "Not a bcachefs superblock";
+       if (uuid_le_cmp(sb->sb->magic, BCACHE_MAGIC)) {
+               pr_buf(err, "Not a bcachefs superblock");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (le16_to_cpu(sb->sb->version) <  bcachefs_metadata_version_min ||
-           le16_to_cpu(sb->sb->version) >= bcachefs_metadata_version_max)
-               return "Unsupported superblock version";
+       version         = le16_to_cpu(sb->sb->version);
+       version_min     = version >= bcachefs_metadata_version_bkey_renumber
+               ? le16_to_cpu(sb->sb->version_min)
+               : version;
+
+       if (version    >= bcachefs_metadata_version_max) {
+               pr_buf(err, "Unsupported superblock version %u (min %u, max %u)",
+                      version, bcachefs_metadata_version_min, bcachefs_metadata_version_max);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       if (version_min < bcachefs_metadata_version_min) {
+               pr_buf(err, "Unsupported superblock version %u (min %u, max %u)",
+                      version_min, bcachefs_metadata_version_min, bcachefs_metadata_version_max);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        bytes = vstruct_bytes(sb->sb);
 
-       if (bytes > 512 << sb->sb->layout.sb_max_size_bits)
-               return "Bad superblock: too big";
+       if (bytes > 512 << sb->sb->layout.sb_max_size_bits) {
+               pr_buf(err, "Invalid superblock: too big (got %zu bytes, layout max %lu)",
+                      bytes, 512UL << sb->sb->layout.sb_max_size_bits);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (get_order(bytes) > sb->page_order) {
+       if (bytes > sb->buffer_size) {
                if (bch2_sb_realloc(sb, le32_to_cpu(sb->sb->u64s)))
-                       return "cannot allocate memory";
+                       return -ENOMEM;
                goto reread;
        }
 
-       if (BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb->sb) >= BCH_CSUM_NR)
-               return "unknown csum type";
+       if (BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb->sb) >= BCH_CSUM_NR) {
+               pr_buf(err, "unknown checksum type %llu", BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb->sb));
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
        /* XXX: verify MACs */
        csum = csum_vstruct(NULL, BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb->sb),
                            null_nonce(), sb->sb);
 
-       if (bch2_crc_cmp(csum, sb->sb->csum))
-               return "bad checksum reading superblock";
+       if (bch2_crc_cmp(csum, sb->sb->csum)) {
+               pr_buf(err, "bad checksum");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       return NULL;
+       sb->seq = le64_to_cpu(sb->sb->seq);
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 int bch2_read_super(const char *path, struct bch_opts *opts,
@@ -510,7 +600,7 @@ int bch2_read_super(const char *path, struct bch_opts *opts,
 {
        u64 offset = opt_get(*opts, sb);
        struct bch_sb_layout layout;
-       const char *err;
+       struct printbuf err = PRINTBUF;
        __le64 *i;
        int ret;
 
@@ -542,25 +632,28 @@ int bch2_read_super(const char *path, struct bch_opts *opts,
                goto out;
        }
 
-       err = "cannot allocate memory";
        ret = bch2_sb_realloc(sb, 0);
-       if (ret)
+       if (ret) {
+               pr_buf(&err, "error allocating memory for superblock");
                goto err;
+       }
 
-       ret = -EFAULT;
-       err = "dynamic fault";
-       if (bch2_fs_init_fault("read_super"))
+       if (bch2_fs_init_fault("read_super")) {
+               pr_buf(&err, "dynamic fault");
+               ret = -EFAULT;
                goto err;
+       }
 
-       ret = -EINVAL;
-       err = read_one_super(sb, offset);
-       if (!err)
+       ret = read_one_super(sb, offset, &err);
+       if (!ret)
                goto got_super;
 
        if (opt_defined(*opts, sb))
                goto err;
 
-       pr_err("error reading default superblock: %s", err);
+       printk(KERN_ERR "bcachefs (%s): error reading default superblock: %s",
+              path, err.buf);
+       printbuf_reset(&err);
 
        /*
         * Error reading primary superblock - read location of backup
@@ -569,21 +662,22 @@ int bch2_read_super(const char *path, struct bch_opts *opts,
        bio_reset(sb->bio);
        bio_set_dev(sb->bio, sb->bdev);
        sb->bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = BCH_SB_LAYOUT_SECTOR;
-       sb->bio->bi_iter.bi_size = sizeof(struct bch_sb_layout);
        bio_set_op_attrs(sb->bio, REQ_OP_READ, REQ_SYNC|REQ_META);
        /*
         * use sb buffer to read layout, since sb buffer is page aligned but
         * layout won't be:
         */
-       bch2_bio_map(sb->bio, sb->sb);
+       bch2_bio_map(sb->bio, sb->sb, sizeof(struct bch_sb_layout));
 
-       err = "IO error";
-       if (submit_bio_wait(sb->bio))
+       ret = submit_bio_wait(sb->bio);
+       if (ret) {
+               pr_buf(&err, "IO error: %i", ret);
                goto err;
+       }
 
        memcpy(&layout, sb->sb, sizeof(layout));
-       err = validate_sb_layout(&layout);
-       if (err)
+       ret = validate_sb_layout(&layout, &err);
+       if (ret)
                goto err;
 
        for (i = layout.sb_offset;
@@ -593,32 +687,41 @@ int bch2_read_super(const char *path, struct bch_opts *opts,
                if (offset == opt_get(*opts, sb))
                        continue;
 
-               err = read_one_super(sb, offset);
-               if (!err)
+               ret = read_one_super(sb, offset, &err);
+               if (!ret)
                        goto got_super;
        }
 
-       ret = -EINVAL;
        goto err;
 
 got_super:
-       err = "Superblock block size smaller than device block size";
-       ret = -EINVAL;
        if (le16_to_cpu(sb->sb->block_size) << 9 <
-           bdev_logical_block_size(sb->bdev))
+           bdev_logical_block_size(sb->bdev)) {
+               pr_buf(&err, "block size (%u) smaller than device block size (%u)",
+                      le16_to_cpu(sb->sb->block_size) << 9,
+                      bdev_logical_block_size(sb->bdev));
+               ret = -EINVAL;
                goto err;
+       }
 
-       if (sb->mode & FMODE_WRITE)
-               bdev_get_queue(sb->bdev)->backing_dev_info->capabilities
-                       |= BDI_CAP_STABLE_WRITES;
        ret = 0;
        sb->have_layout = true;
+
+       ret = bch2_sb_validate(sb, &err, READ);
+       if (ret) {
+               printk(KERN_ERR "bcachefs (%s): error validating superblock: %s",
+                      path, err.buf);
+               goto err_no_print;
+       }
 out:
        pr_verbose_init(*opts, "ret %i", ret);
+       printbuf_exit(&err);
        return ret;
 err:
+       printk(KERN_ERR "bcachefs (%s): error reading superblock: %s",
+              path, err.buf);
+err_no_print:
        bch2_free_super(sb);
-       pr_err("error reading superblock: %s", err);
        goto out;
 }
 
@@ -630,13 +733,34 @@ static void write_super_endio(struct bio *bio)
 
        /* XXX: return errors directly */
 
-       if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "superblock write"))
+       if (bch2_dev_io_err_on(bio->bi_status, ca, "superblock write error: %s",
+                              bch2_blk_status_to_str(bio->bi_status)))
                ca->sb_write_error = 1;
 
        closure_put(&ca->fs->sb_write);
        percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
 }
 
+static void read_back_super(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
+{
+       struct bch_sb *sb = ca->disk_sb.sb;
+       struct bio *bio = ca->disk_sb.bio;
+
+       bio_reset(bio);
+       bio_set_dev(bio, ca->disk_sb.bdev);
+       bio->bi_iter.bi_sector  = le64_to_cpu(sb->layout.sb_offset[0]);
+       bio->bi_end_io          = write_super_endio;
+       bio->bi_private         = ca;
+       bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_READ, REQ_SYNC|REQ_META);
+       bch2_bio_map(bio, ca->sb_read_scratch, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+       this_cpu_add(ca->io_done->sectors[READ][BCH_DATA_sb],
+                    bio_sectors(bio));
+
+       percpu_ref_get(&ca->io_ref);
+       closure_bio_submit(bio, &c->sb_write);
+}
+
 static void write_one_super(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, unsigned idx)
 {
        struct bch_sb *sb = ca->disk_sb.sb;
@@ -644,36 +768,42 @@ static void write_one_super(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, unsigned idx)
 
        sb->offset = sb->layout.sb_offset[idx];
 
-       SET_BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb, c->opts.metadata_checksum);
+       SET_BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb, bch2_csum_opt_to_type(c->opts.metadata_checksum, false));
        sb->csum = csum_vstruct(c, BCH_SB_CSUM_TYPE(sb),
                                null_nonce(), sb);
 
        bio_reset(bio);
        bio_set_dev(bio, ca->disk_sb.bdev);
        bio->bi_iter.bi_sector  = le64_to_cpu(sb->offset);
-       bio->bi_iter.bi_size    =
-               roundup((size_t) vstruct_bytes(sb),
-                       bdev_logical_block_size(ca->disk_sb.bdev));
        bio->bi_end_io          = write_super_endio;
        bio->bi_private         = ca;
        bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, REQ_SYNC|REQ_META);
-       bch2_bio_map(bio, sb);
+       bch2_bio_map(bio, sb,
+                    roundup((size_t) vstruct_bytes(sb),
+                            bdev_logical_block_size(ca->disk_sb.bdev)));
 
-       this_cpu_add(ca->io_done->sectors[WRITE][BCH_DATA_SB],
+       this_cpu_add(ca->io_done->sectors[WRITE][BCH_DATA_sb],
                     bio_sectors(bio));
 
        percpu_ref_get(&ca->io_ref);
        closure_bio_submit(bio, &c->sb_write);
 }
 
-void bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
+int bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct closure *cl = &c->sb_write;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
+       struct printbuf err = PRINTBUF;
        unsigned i, sb = 0, nr_wrote;
-       const char *err;
        struct bch_devs_mask sb_written;
        bool wrote, can_mount_without_written, can_mount_with_written;
+       unsigned degraded_flags = BCH_FORCE_IF_DEGRADED;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       trace_write_super(c, _RET_IP_);
+
+       if (c->opts.very_degraded)
+               degraded_flags |= BCH_FORCE_IF_LOST;
 
        lockdep_assert_held(&c->sb_lock);
 
@@ -682,19 +812,37 @@ void bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
 
        le64_add_cpu(&c->disk_sb.sb->seq, 1);
 
+       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags))
+               SET_BCH_SB_HAS_ERRORS(c->disk_sb.sb, 1);
+       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_TOPOLOGY_ERROR, &c->flags))
+               SET_BCH_SB_HAS_TOPOLOGY_ERRORS(c->disk_sb.sb, 1);
+
+       SET_BCH_SB_BIG_ENDIAN(c->disk_sb.sb, CPU_BIG_ENDIAN);
+
+       bch2_sb_counters_from_cpu(c);
+
        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_sb_from_fs(c, ca);
 
        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i) {
-               err = bch2_sb_validate(&ca->disk_sb);
-               if (err) {
-                       bch2_fs_inconsistent(c, "sb invalid before write: %s", err);
+               printbuf_reset(&err);
+
+               ret = bch2_sb_validate(&ca->disk_sb, &err, WRITE);
+               if (ret) {
+                       bch2_fs_inconsistent(c, "sb invalid before write: %s", err.buf);
+                       percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
                        goto out;
                }
        }
 
-       if (c->opts.nochanges ||
-           test_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags))
+       if (c->opts.nochanges)
+               goto out;
+
+       /*
+        * Defer writing the superblock until filesystem initialization is
+        * complete - don't write out a partly initialized superblock:
+        */
+       if (!BCH_SB_INITIALIZED(c->disk_sb.sb))
                goto out;
 
        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i) {
@@ -702,10 +850,40 @@ void bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
                ca->sb_write_error = 0;
        }
 
+       for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
+               read_back_super(c, ca);
+       closure_sync(cl);
+
+       for_each_online_member(ca, c, i) {
+               if (ca->sb_write_error)
+                       continue;
+
+               if (le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq) < ca->disk_sb.seq) {
+                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
+                               "Superblock write was silently dropped! (seq %llu expected %llu)",
+                               le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq),
+                               ca->disk_sb.seq);
+                       percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
+                       ret = -EROFS;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+
+               if (le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq) > ca->disk_sb.seq) {
+                       bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
+                               "Superblock modified by another process (seq %llu expected %llu)",
+                               le64_to_cpu(ca->sb_read_scratch->seq),
+                               ca->disk_sb.seq);
+                       percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
+                       ret = -EROFS;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+       }
+
        do {
                wrote = false;
                for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
-                       if (sb < ca->disk_sb.sb->layout.nr_superblocks) {
+                       if (!ca->sb_write_error &&
+                           sb < ca->disk_sb.sb->layout.nr_superblocks) {
                                write_one_super(c, ca, sb);
                                wrote = true;
                        }
@@ -713,22 +891,23 @@ void bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
                sb++;
        } while (wrote);
 
-       for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
+       for_each_online_member(ca, c, i) {
                if (ca->sb_write_error)
                        __clear_bit(ca->dev_idx, sb_written.d);
+               else
+                       ca->disk_sb.seq = le64_to_cpu(ca->disk_sb.sb->seq);
+       }
 
        nr_wrote = dev_mask_nr(&sb_written);
 
        can_mount_with_written =
-               bch2_have_enough_devs(__bch2_replicas_status(c, sb_written),
-                                     BCH_FORCE_IF_DEGRADED);
+               bch2_have_enough_devs(c, sb_written, degraded_flags, false);
 
        for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sb_written.d); i++)
                sb_written.d[i] = ~sb_written.d[i];
 
        can_mount_without_written =
-               bch2_have_enough_devs(__bch2_replicas_status(c, sb_written),
-                                     BCH_FORCE_IF_DEGRADED);
+               bch2_have_enough_devs(c, sb_written, degraded_flags, false);
 
        /*
         * If we would be able to mount _without_ the devices we successfully
@@ -738,267 +917,392 @@ void bch2_write_super(struct bch_fs *c)
         * written anything (new filesystem), we continue if we'd be able to
         * mount with the devices we did successfully write to:
         */
-       bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(!nr_wrote ||
-                            (can_mount_without_written &&
-                             !can_mount_with_written), c,
-               "Unable to write superblock to sufficient devices");
+       if (bch2_fs_fatal_err_on(!nr_wrote ||
+                                !can_mount_with_written ||
+                                (can_mount_without_written &&
+                                 !can_mount_with_written), c,
+               "Unable to write superblock to sufficient devices (from %ps)",
+               (void *) _RET_IP_))
+               ret = -1;
 out:
        /* Make new options visible after they're persistent: */
        bch2_sb_update(c);
+       printbuf_exit(&err);
+       return ret;
 }
 
-/* BCH_SB_FIELD_journal: */
-
-static int u64_cmp(const void *_l, const void *_r)
+void __bch2_check_set_feature(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned feat)
 {
-       u64 l = *((const u64 *) _l), r = *((const u64 *) _r);
+       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+       if (!(c->sb.features & (1ULL << feat))) {
+               c->disk_sb.sb->features[0] |= cpu_to_le64(1ULL << feat);
 
-       return l < r ? -1 : l > r ? 1 : 0;
+               bch2_write_super(c);
+       }
+       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 }
 
-static const char *bch2_sb_validate_journal(struct bch_sb *sb,
-                                           struct bch_sb_field *f)
+/* BCH_SB_FIELD_members: */
+
+static int bch2_sb_members_validate(struct bch_sb *sb,
+                                   struct bch_sb_field *f,
+                                   struct printbuf *err)
 {
-       struct bch_sb_field_journal *journal = field_to_type(f, journal);
-       struct bch_member *m = bch2_sb_get_members(sb)->members + sb->dev_idx;
-       const char *err;
-       unsigned nr;
+       struct bch_sb_field_members *mi = field_to_type(f, members);
        unsigned i;
-       u64 *b;
-
-       journal = bch2_sb_get_journal(sb);
-       if (!journal)
-               return NULL;
-
-       nr = bch2_nr_journal_buckets(journal);
-       if (!nr)
-               return NULL;
 
-       b = kmalloc_array(sizeof(u64), nr, GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (!b)
-               return "cannot allocate memory";
+       if ((void *) (mi->members + sb->nr_devices) >
+           vstruct_end(&mi->field)) {
+               pr_buf(err, "too many devices for section size");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-               b[i] = le64_to_cpu(journal->buckets[i]);
+       for (i = 0; i < sb->nr_devices; i++) {
+               struct bch_member *m = mi->members + i;
 
-       sort(b, nr, sizeof(u64), u64_cmp, NULL);
+               if (!bch2_member_exists(m))
+                       continue;
 
-       err = "journal bucket at sector 0";
-       if (!b[0])
-               goto err;
+               if (le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets) > LONG_MAX) {
+                       pr_buf(err, "device %u: too many buckets (got %llu, max %lu)",
+                              i, le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets), LONG_MAX);
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
 
-       err = "journal bucket before first bucket";
-       if (m && b[0] < le16_to_cpu(m->first_bucket))
-               goto err;
+               if (le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets) -
+                   le16_to_cpu(m->first_bucket) < BCH_MIN_NR_NBUCKETS) {
+                       pr_buf(err, "device %u: not enough buckets (got %llu, max %u)",
+                              i, le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets), BCH_MIN_NR_NBUCKETS);
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
 
-       err = "journal bucket past end of device";
-       if (m && b[nr - 1] >= le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets))
-               goto err;
+               if (le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size) <
+                   le16_to_cpu(sb->block_size)) {
+                       pr_buf(err, "device %u: bucket size %u smaller than block size %u",
+                              i, le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size), le16_to_cpu(sb->block_size));
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
 
-       err = "duplicate journal buckets";
-       for (i = 0; i + 1 < nr; i++)
-               if (b[i] == b[i + 1])
-                       goto err;
+               if (le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size) <
+                   BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(sb)) {
+                       pr_buf(err, "device %u: bucket size %u smaller than btree node size %llu",
+                              i, le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size), BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(sb));
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
+       }
 
-       err = NULL;
-err:
-       kfree(b);
-       return err;
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_journal = {
-       .validate       = bch2_sb_validate_journal,
-};
-
-/* BCH_SB_FIELD_members: */
-
-static const char *bch2_sb_validate_members(struct bch_sb *sb,
-                                           struct bch_sb_field *f)
+static void bch2_sb_members_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
+                                   struct bch_sb_field *f)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi = field_to_type(f, members);
-       struct bch_member *m;
+       struct bch_sb_field_disk_groups *gi = bch2_sb_get_disk_groups(sb);
+       unsigned i;
 
-       if ((void *) (mi->members + sb->nr_devices) >
-           vstruct_end(&mi->field))
-               return "Invalid superblock: bad member info";
+       for (i = 0; i < sb->nr_devices; i++) {
+               struct bch_member *m = mi->members + i;
+               unsigned data_have = bch2_sb_dev_has_data(sb, i);
+               u64 bucket_size = le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size);
+               u64 device_size = le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets) * bucket_size;
 
-       for (m = mi->members;
-            m < mi->members + sb->nr_devices;
-            m++) {
                if (!bch2_member_exists(m))
                        continue;
 
-               if (le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets) > LONG_MAX)
-                       return "Too many buckets";
-
-               if (le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets) -
-                   le16_to_cpu(m->first_bucket) < BCH_MIN_NR_NBUCKETS)
-                       return "Not enough buckets";
-
-               if (le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size) <
-                   le16_to_cpu(sb->block_size))
-                       return "bucket size smaller than block size";
-
-               if (le16_to_cpu(m->bucket_size) <
-                   BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(sb))
-                       return "bucket size smaller than btree node size";
+               pr_buf(out, "Device:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "%u", i);
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_indent_push(out, 2);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "UUID:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_uuid(out, m->uuid.b);
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Size:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_units(out, device_size, device_size << 9);
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Bucket size:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_units(out, bucket_size, bucket_size << 9);
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "First bucket:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "%u", le16_to_cpu(m->first_bucket));
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Buckets:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "%llu", le64_to_cpu(m->nbuckets));
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Last mount:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               if (m->last_mount)
+                       pr_time(out, le64_to_cpu(m->last_mount));
+               else
+                       pr_buf(out, "(never)");
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "State:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "%s",
+                      BCH_MEMBER_STATE(m) < BCH_MEMBER_STATE_NR
+                      ? bch2_member_states[BCH_MEMBER_STATE(m)]
+                      : "unknown");
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Group:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               if (BCH_MEMBER_GROUP(m)) {
+                       unsigned idx = BCH_MEMBER_GROUP(m) - 1;
+
+                       if (idx < disk_groups_nr(gi))
+                               pr_buf(out, "%s (%u)",
+                                      gi->entries[idx].label, idx);
+                       else
+                               pr_buf(out, "(bad disk labels section)");
+               } else {
+                       pr_buf(out, "(none)");
+               }
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Data allowed:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               if (BCH_MEMBER_DATA_ALLOWED(m))
+                       bch2_flags_to_text(out, bch2_data_types,
+                                          BCH_MEMBER_DATA_ALLOWED(m));
+               else
+                       pr_buf(out, "(none)");
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Has data:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               if (data_have)
+                       bch2_flags_to_text(out, bch2_data_types, data_have);
+               else
+                       pr_buf(out, "(none)");
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Discard:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "%llu", BCH_MEMBER_DISCARD(m));
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_buf(out, "Freespace initialized:");
+               pr_tab(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "%llu", BCH_MEMBER_FREESPACE_INITIALIZED(m));
+               pr_newline(out);
+
+               pr_indent_pop(out, 2);
        }
-
-       return NULL;
 }
 
 static const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_members = {
-       .validate       = bch2_sb_validate_members,
+       .validate       = bch2_sb_members_validate,
+       .to_text        = bch2_sb_members_to_text,
 };
 
 /* BCH_SB_FIELD_crypt: */
 
-static const char *bch2_sb_validate_crypt(struct bch_sb *sb,
-                                         struct bch_sb_field *f)
+static int bch2_sb_crypt_validate(struct bch_sb *sb,
+                                 struct bch_sb_field *f,
+                                 struct printbuf *err)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_crypt *crypt = field_to_type(f, crypt);
 
-       if (vstruct_bytes(&crypt->field) != sizeof(*crypt))
-               return "invalid field crypt: wrong size";
+       if (vstruct_bytes(&crypt->field) < sizeof(*crypt)) {
+               pr_buf(err, "wrong size (got %zu should be %zu)",
+                      vstruct_bytes(&crypt->field), sizeof(*crypt));
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (BCH_CRYPT_KDF_TYPE(crypt))
-               return "invalid field crypt: bad kdf type";
+       if (BCH_CRYPT_KDF_TYPE(crypt)) {
+               pr_buf(err, "bad kdf type %llu", BCH_CRYPT_KDF_TYPE(crypt));
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       return NULL;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void bch2_sb_crypt_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
+                                 struct bch_sb_field *f)
+{
+       struct bch_sb_field_crypt *crypt = field_to_type(f, crypt);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "KFD:               %llu", BCH_CRYPT_KDF_TYPE(crypt));
+       pr_newline(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "scrypt n:          %llu", BCH_KDF_SCRYPT_N(crypt));
+       pr_newline(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "scrypt r:          %llu", BCH_KDF_SCRYPT_R(crypt));
+       pr_newline(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "scrypt p:          %llu", BCH_KDF_SCRYPT_P(crypt));
+       pr_newline(out);
 }
 
 static const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_crypt = {
-       .validate       = bch2_sb_validate_crypt,
+       .validate       = bch2_sb_crypt_validate,
+       .to_text        = bch2_sb_crypt_to_text,
 };
 
 /* BCH_SB_FIELD_clean: */
 
-void bch2_sb_clean_renumber(struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean, int write)
+int bch2_sb_clean_validate_late(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean, int write)
 {
        struct jset_entry *entry;
+       int ret;
 
        for (entry = clean->start;
             entry < (struct jset_entry *) vstruct_end(&clean->field);
-            entry = vstruct_next(entry))
-               bch2_bkey_renumber(BKEY_TYPE_BTREE, bkey_to_packed(entry->start), write);
+            entry = vstruct_next(entry)) {
+               ret = bch2_journal_entry_validate(c, "superblock", entry,
+                                                 le16_to_cpu(c->disk_sb.sb->version),
+                                                 BCH_SB_BIG_ENDIAN(c->disk_sb.sb),
+                                                 write);
+               if (ret)
+                       return ret;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
-static void bch2_fs_mark_dirty(struct bch_fs *c)
+int bch2_fs_mark_dirty(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
+       int ret;
+
+       /*
+        * Unconditionally write superblock, to verify it hasn't changed before
+        * we go rw:
+        */
+
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-       if (BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb) ||
-           (c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] & (1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_FEAT_ALLOC_INFO))) {
-               SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, false);
-               c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] &= ~(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_FEAT_ALLOC_INFO);
-               bch2_write_super(c);
-       }
+       SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, false);
+       c->disk_sb.sb->features[0] |= cpu_to_le64(BCH_SB_FEATURES_ALWAYS);
+       c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] &= cpu_to_le64((1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_NR) - 1);
+       ret = bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
-struct jset_entry *
-bch2_journal_super_entries_add_common(struct bch_fs *c,
-                                     struct jset_entry *entry)
+static struct jset_entry *jset_entry_init(struct jset_entry **end, size_t size)
 {
-       struct btree_root *r;
-       unsigned i;
+       struct jset_entry *entry = *end;
+       unsigned u64s = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, sizeof(u64));
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->btree_root_lock);
+       memset(entry, 0, u64s * sizeof(u64));
+       /*
+        * The u64s field counts from the start of data, ignoring the shared
+        * fields.
+        */
+       entry->u64s = cpu_to_le16(u64s - 1);
 
-       for (r = c->btree_roots;
-            r < c->btree_roots + BTREE_ID_NR;
-            r++)
-               if (r->alive) {
-                       entry->u64s     = r->key.u64s;
-                       entry->btree_id = r - c->btree_roots;
-                       entry->level    = r->level;
-                       entry->type     = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_btree_root;
-                       bkey_copy(&entry->start[0], &r->key);
+       *end = vstruct_next(*end);
+       return entry;
+}
 
-                       entry = vstruct_next(entry);
-               }
-       c->btree_roots_dirty = false;
+void bch2_journal_super_entries_add_common(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                          struct jset_entry **end,
+                                          u64 journal_seq)
+{
+       struct bch_dev *ca;
+       unsigned i, dev;
 
-       mutex_unlock(&c->btree_root_lock);
+       percpu_down_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
-       percpu_down_read_preempt_disable(&c->mark_lock);
+       if (!journal_seq) {
+               for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
+                       bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, i);
+       } else {
+               bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, journal_seq & JOURNAL_BUF_MASK);
+       }
 
        {
-               u64 nr_inodes = percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[0]->nr_inodes);
                struct jset_entry_usage *u =
-                       container_of(entry, struct jset_entry_usage, entry);
+                       container_of(jset_entry_init(end, sizeof(*u)),
+                                    struct jset_entry_usage, entry);
 
-               memset(u, 0, sizeof(*u));
-               u->entry.u64s   = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(*u), sizeof(u64)) - 1;
                u->entry.type   = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_usage;
-               u->entry.btree_id = FS_USAGE_INODES;
-               u->v            = cpu_to_le64(nr_inodes);
-
-               entry = vstruct_next(entry);
+               u->entry.btree_id = BCH_FS_USAGE_inodes;
+               u->v            = cpu_to_le64(c->usage_base->nr_inodes);
        }
 
        {
                struct jset_entry_usage *u =
-                       container_of(entry, struct jset_entry_usage, entry);
+                       container_of(jset_entry_init(end, sizeof(*u)),
+                                    struct jset_entry_usage, entry);
 
-               memset(u, 0, sizeof(*u));
-               u->entry.u64s   = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(*u), sizeof(u64)) - 1;
                u->entry.type   = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_usage;
-               u->entry.btree_id = FS_USAGE_KEY_VERSION;
+               u->entry.btree_id = BCH_FS_USAGE_key_version;
                u->v            = cpu_to_le64(atomic64_read(&c->key_version));
-
-               entry = vstruct_next(entry);
        }
 
        for (i = 0; i < BCH_REPLICAS_MAX; i++) {
                struct jset_entry_usage *u =
-                       container_of(entry, struct jset_entry_usage, entry);
-               u64 sectors = percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[0]->persistent_reserved[i]);
-
-               if (!sectors)
-                       continue;
+                       container_of(jset_entry_init(end, sizeof(*u)),
+                                    struct jset_entry_usage, entry);
 
-               memset(u, 0, sizeof(*u));
-               u->entry.u64s   = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(*u), sizeof(u64)) - 1;
                u->entry.type   = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_usage;
-               u->entry.btree_id = FS_USAGE_RESERVED;
+               u->entry.btree_id = BCH_FS_USAGE_reserved;
                u->entry.level  = i;
-               u->v            = sectors;
-
-               entry = vstruct_next(entry);
+               u->v            = cpu_to_le64(c->usage_base->persistent_reserved[i]);
        }
 
        for (i = 0; i < c->replicas.nr; i++) {
                struct bch_replicas_entry *e =
                        cpu_replicas_entry(&c->replicas, i);
-               u64 sectors = percpu_u64_get(&c->usage[0]->replicas[i]);
                struct jset_entry_data_usage *u =
-                       container_of(entry, struct jset_entry_data_usage, entry);
+                       container_of(jset_entry_init(end, sizeof(*u) + e->nr_devs),
+                                    struct jset_entry_data_usage, entry);
 
-               memset(u, 0, sizeof(*u));
-               u->entry.u64s   = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(*u) + e->nr_devs,
-                                              sizeof(u64)) - 1;
                u->entry.type   = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_data_usage;
-               u->v            = cpu_to_le64(sectors);
+               u->v            = cpu_to_le64(c->usage_base->replicas[i]);
                memcpy(&u->r, e, replicas_entry_bytes(e));
+       }
 
-               entry = vstruct_next(entry);
+       for_each_member_device(ca, c, dev) {
+               unsigned b = sizeof(struct jset_entry_dev_usage) +
+                       sizeof(struct jset_entry_dev_usage_type) * BCH_DATA_NR;
+               struct jset_entry_dev_usage *u =
+                       container_of(jset_entry_init(end, b),
+                                    struct jset_entry_dev_usage, entry);
+
+               u->entry.type = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_dev_usage;
+               u->dev = cpu_to_le32(dev);
+               u->buckets_ec           = cpu_to_le64(ca->usage_base->buckets_ec);
+
+               for (i = 0; i < BCH_DATA_NR; i++) {
+                       u->d[i].buckets = cpu_to_le64(ca->usage_base->d[i].buckets);
+                       u->d[i].sectors = cpu_to_le64(ca->usage_base->d[i].sectors);
+                       u->d[i].fragmented = cpu_to_le64(ca->usage_base->d[i].fragmented);
+               }
        }
 
-       percpu_up_read_preempt_enable(&c->mark_lock);
+       percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 
-       return entry;
+       for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+               struct jset_entry_clock *clock =
+                       container_of(jset_entry_init(end, sizeof(*clock)),
+                                    struct jset_entry_clock, entry);
+
+               clock->entry.type = BCH_JSET_ENTRY_clock;
+               clock->rw       = i;
+               clock->time     = cpu_to_le64(atomic64_read(&c->io_clock[i].now));
+       }
 }
 
-void bch2_fs_mark_clean(struct bch_fs *c, bool clean)
+void bch2_fs_mark_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_clean *sb_clean;
        struct jset_entry *entry;
        unsigned u64s;
-
-       if (!clean) {
-               bch2_fs_mark_dirty(c);
-               return;
-       }
+       int ret;
 
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
        if (BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb))
@@ -1006,7 +1310,10 @@ void bch2_fs_mark_clean(struct bch_fs *c, bool clean)
 
        SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, true);
 
-       c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] |= 1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_FEAT_ALLOC_INFO;
+       c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] |= cpu_to_le64(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_alloc_info);
+       c->disk_sb.sb->compat[0] |= cpu_to_le64(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_alloc_metadata);
+       c->disk_sb.sb->features[0] &= cpu_to_le64(~(1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_extents_above_btree_updates));
+       c->disk_sb.sb->features[0] &= cpu_to_le64(~(1ULL << BCH_FEATURE_btree_updates_journalled));
 
        u64s = sizeof(*sb_clean) / sizeof(u64) + c->journal.entry_u64s_reserved;
 
@@ -1017,39 +1324,75 @@ void bch2_fs_mark_clean(struct bch_fs *c, bool clean)
        }
 
        sb_clean->flags         = 0;
-       sb_clean->read_clock    = cpu_to_le16(c->bucket_clock[READ].hand);
-       sb_clean->write_clock   = cpu_to_le16(c->bucket_clock[WRITE].hand);
-       sb_clean->journal_seq   = journal_cur_seq(&c->journal) - 1;
+       sb_clean->journal_seq   = cpu_to_le64(atomic64_read(&c->journal.seq));
+
+       /* Trying to catch outstanding bug: */
+       BUG_ON(le64_to_cpu(sb_clean->journal_seq) > S64_MAX);
 
        entry = sb_clean->start;
-       entry = bch2_journal_super_entries_add_common(c, entry);
+       bch2_journal_super_entries_add_common(c, &entry, 0);
+       entry = bch2_btree_roots_to_journal_entries(c, entry, entry);
        BUG_ON((void *) entry > vstruct_end(&sb_clean->field));
 
        memset(entry, 0,
               vstruct_end(&sb_clean->field) - (void *) entry);
 
-       if (le16_to_cpu(c->disk_sb.sb->version) <
-           bcachefs_metadata_version_bkey_renumber)
-               bch2_sb_clean_renumber(sb_clean, WRITE);
+       /*
+        * this should be in the write path, and we should be validating every
+        * superblock section:
+        */
+       ret = bch2_sb_clean_validate_late(c, sb_clean, WRITE);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(c, "error writing marking filesystem clean: validate error");
+               goto out;
+       }
 
        bch2_write_super(c);
 out:
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 }
 
-static const char *bch2_sb_validate_clean(struct bch_sb *sb,
-                                         struct bch_sb_field *f)
+static int bch2_sb_clean_validate(struct bch_sb *sb,
+                                 struct bch_sb_field *f,
+                                 struct printbuf *err)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean = field_to_type(f, clean);
 
-       if (vstruct_bytes(&clean->field) < sizeof(*clean))
-               return "invalid field crypt: wrong size";
+       if (vstruct_bytes(&clean->field) < sizeof(*clean)) {
+               pr_buf(err, "wrong size (got %zu should be %zu)",
+                      vstruct_bytes(&clean->field), sizeof(*clean));
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       return NULL;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void bch2_sb_clean_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
+                                 struct bch_sb_field *f)
+{
+       struct bch_sb_field_clean *clean = field_to_type(f, clean);
+       struct jset_entry *entry;
+
+       pr_buf(out, "flags:          %x",       le32_to_cpu(clean->flags));
+       pr_newline(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "journal_seq:    %llu",     le64_to_cpu(clean->journal_seq));
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       for (entry = clean->start;
+            entry != vstruct_end(&clean->field);
+            entry = vstruct_next(entry)) {
+               if (entry->type == BCH_JSET_ENTRY_btree_keys &&
+                   !entry->u64s)
+                       continue;
+
+               bch2_journal_entry_to_text(out, NULL, entry);
+               pr_newline(out);
+       }
 }
 
 static const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_clean = {
-       .validate       = bch2_sb_validate_clean,
+       .validate       = bch2_sb_clean_validate,
+       .to_text        = bch2_sb_clean_to_text,
 };
 
 static const struct bch_sb_field_ops *bch2_sb_field_ops[] = {
@@ -1059,14 +1402,27 @@ static const struct bch_sb_field_ops *bch2_sb_field_ops[] = {
 #undef x
 };
 
-static const char *bch2_sb_field_validate(struct bch_sb *sb,
-                                         struct bch_sb_field *f)
+static int bch2_sb_field_validate(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_sb_field *f,
+                                 struct printbuf *err)
 {
        unsigned type = le32_to_cpu(f->type);
+       struct printbuf field_err = PRINTBUF;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (type >= BCH_SB_FIELD_NR)
+               return 0;
+
+       ret = bch2_sb_field_ops[type]->validate(sb, f, &field_err);
+       if (ret) {
+               pr_buf(err, "Invalid superblock section %s: %s",
+                      bch2_sb_fields[type],
+                      field_err.buf);
+               pr_newline(err);
+               bch2_sb_field_to_text(err, sb, f);
+       }
 
-       return type < BCH_SB_FIELD_NR
-               ? bch2_sb_field_ops[type]->validate(sb, f)
-               : NULL;
+       printbuf_exit(&field_err);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_sb_field_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
@@ -1076,13 +1432,183 @@ void bch2_sb_field_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
        const struct bch_sb_field_ops *ops = type < BCH_SB_FIELD_NR
                ? bch2_sb_field_ops[type] : NULL;
 
+       if (!out->tabstops[0])
+               out->tabstops[0] = 32;
+
        if (ops)
                pr_buf(out, "%s", bch2_sb_fields[type]);
        else
                pr_buf(out, "(unknown field %u)", type);
 
-       pr_buf(out, " (size %llu):", vstruct_bytes(f));
+       pr_buf(out, " (size %zu):", vstruct_bytes(f));
+       pr_newline(out);
 
-       if (ops && ops->to_text)
+       if (ops && ops->to_text) {
+               pr_indent_push(out, 2);
                bch2_sb_field_ops[type]->to_text(out, sb, f);
+               pr_indent_pop(out, 2);
+       }
+}
+
+void bch2_sb_layout_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb_layout *l)
+{
+       unsigned i;
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Type:                    %u", l->layout_type);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Superblock max size:     ");
+       pr_units(out,
+                1 << l->sb_max_size_bits,
+                512 << l->sb_max_size_bits);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Nr superblocks:          %u", l->nr_superblocks);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Offsets:                 ");
+       for (i = 0; i < l->nr_superblocks; i++) {
+               if (i)
+                       pr_buf(out, ", ");
+               pr_buf(out, "%llu", le64_to_cpu(l->sb_offset[i]));
+       }
+       pr_newline(out);
+}
+
+void bch2_sb_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_sb *sb,
+                    bool print_layout, unsigned fields)
+{
+       struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
+       struct bch_sb_field *f;
+       u64 fields_have = 0;
+       unsigned nr_devices = 0;
+
+       if (!out->tabstops[0])
+               out->tabstops[0] = 32;
+
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb);
+       if (mi) {
+               struct bch_member *m;
+
+               for (m = mi->members;
+                    m < mi->members + sb->nr_devices;
+                    m++)
+                       nr_devices += bch2_member_exists(m);
+       }
+
+       pr_buf(out, "External UUID:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_uuid(out, sb->user_uuid.b);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Internal UUID:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_uuid(out, sb->uuid.b);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Device index:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%u", sb->dev_idx);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Label:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%.*s", (int) sizeof(sb->label), sb->label);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Version:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%s", bch2_metadata_versions[le16_to_cpu(sb->version)]);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Oldest version on disk:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%s", bch2_metadata_versions[le16_to_cpu(sb->version_min)]);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Created:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       if (sb->time_base_lo)
+               pr_time(out, div_u64(le64_to_cpu(sb->time_base_lo), NSEC_PER_SEC));
+       else
+               pr_buf(out, "(not set)");
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Sequence number:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%llu", le64_to_cpu(sb->seq));
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Superblock size:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%zu", vstruct_bytes(sb));
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Clean:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%llu", BCH_SB_CLEAN(sb));
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Devices:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "%u", nr_devices);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Sections:");
+       vstruct_for_each(sb, f)
+               fields_have |= 1 << le32_to_cpu(f->type);
+       pr_tab(out);
+       bch2_flags_to_text(out, bch2_sb_fields, fields_have);
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Features:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       bch2_flags_to_text(out, bch2_sb_features,
+                          le64_to_cpu(sb->features[0]));
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_buf(out, "Compat features:");
+       pr_tab(out);
+       bch2_flags_to_text(out, bch2_sb_compat,
+                          le64_to_cpu(sb->compat[0]));
+       pr_newline(out);
+
+       pr_newline(out);
+       pr_buf(out, "Options:");
+       pr_newline(out);
+       pr_indent_push(out, 2);
+       {
+               enum bch_opt_id id;
+
+               for (id = 0; id < bch2_opts_nr; id++) {
+                       const struct bch_option *opt = bch2_opt_table + id;
+
+                       if (opt->get_sb != BCH2_NO_SB_OPT) {
+                               u64 v = bch2_opt_from_sb(sb, id);
+
+                               pr_buf(out, "%s:", opt->attr.name);
+                               pr_tab(out);
+                               bch2_opt_to_text(out, NULL, sb, opt, v,
+                                                OPT_HUMAN_READABLE|OPT_SHOW_FULL_LIST);
+                               pr_newline(out);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       pr_indent_pop(out, 2);
+
+       if (print_layout) {
+               pr_newline(out);
+               pr_buf(out, "layout:");
+               pr_newline(out);
+               pr_indent_push(out, 2);
+               bch2_sb_layout_to_text(out, &sb->layout);
+               pr_indent_pop(out, 2);
+       }
+
+       vstruct_for_each(sb, f)
+               if (fields & (1 << le32_to_cpu(f->type))) {
+                       pr_newline(out);
+                       bch2_sb_field_to_text(out, sb, f);
+               }
 }