]> git.sesse.net Git - bcachefs-tools-debian/blobdiff - libbcachefs/super.c
Update bcachefs sources to 4837f82ee1 bcachefs: Use cached iterators for alloc btree
[bcachefs-tools-debian] / libbcachefs / super.c
index dfb95d0d8ff9d63e8b70c52ee16516314890bcb4..0cdf285e4ffdb11ca221967e1fedb195f5620da8 100644 (file)
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * bcachefs setup/teardown code, and some metadata io - read a superblock and
  * figure out what to do with it.
@@ -7,10 +8,12 @@
  */
 
 #include "bcachefs.h"
-#include "alloc.h"
+#include "alloc_background.h"
+#include "alloc_foreground.h"
+#include "bkey_sort.h"
 #include "btree_cache.h"
 #include "btree_gc.h"
-#include "btree_update.h"
+#include "btree_key_cache.h"
 #include "btree_update_interior.h"
 #include "btree_io.h"
 #include "chardev.h"
 #include "clock.h"
 #include "compress.h"
 #include "debug.h"
+#include "disk_groups.h"
+#include "ec.h"
 #include "error.h"
 #include "fs.h"
+#include "fs-io.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
 #include "inode.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "journal.h"
-#include "keylist.h"
+#include "journal_reclaim.h"
+#include "journal_seq_blacklist.h"
 #include "move.h"
 #include "migrate.h"
 #include "movinggc.h"
+#include "quota.h"
+#include "rebalance.h"
+#include "recovery.h"
+#include "replicas.h"
 #include "super.h"
 #include "super-io.h"
 #include "sysfs.h"
-#include "tier.h"
 
 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
@@ -87,7 +97,7 @@ static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(bch_read_only_wait);
 
 static void bch2_dev_free(struct bch_dev *);
 static int bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *, unsigned);
-static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_dev *);
+static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_fs *, struct bch_dev *);
 static void __bch2_dev_read_only(struct bch_fs *, struct bch_dev *);
 
 struct bch_fs *bch2_bdev_to_fs(struct block_device *bdev)
@@ -120,7 +130,7 @@ static struct bch_fs *__bch2_uuid_to_fs(uuid_le uuid)
        lockdep_assert_held(&bch_fs_list_lock);
 
        list_for_each_entry(c, &bch_fs_list, list)
-               if (!memcmp(&c->disk_sb->uuid, &uuid, sizeof(uuid_le)))
+               if (!memcmp(&c->disk_sb.sb->uuid, &uuid, sizeof(uuid_le)))
                        return c;
 
        return NULL;
@@ -139,13 +149,15 @@ struct bch_fs *bch2_uuid_to_fs(uuid_le uuid)
        return c;
 }
 
-int bch2_congested(struct bch_fs *c, int bdi_bits)
+int bch2_congested(void *data, int bdi_bits)
 {
+       struct bch_fs *c = data;
        struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i;
        int ret = 0;
 
+       rcu_read_lock();
        if (bdi_bits & (1 << WB_sync_congested)) {
                /* Reads - check all devices: */
                for_each_readable_member(ca, c, i) {
@@ -157,12 +169,11 @@ int bch2_congested(struct bch_fs *c, int bdi_bits)
                        }
                }
        } else {
-               /* Writes prefer fastest tier: */
-               struct bch_tier *tier = READ_ONCE(c->fastest_tier);
-               struct bch_devs_mask *devs =
-                       tier ? &tier->devs : &c->rw_devs[BCH_DATA_USER];
+               unsigned target = READ_ONCE(c->opts.foreground_target);
+               const struct bch_devs_mask *devs = target
+                       ? bch2_target_to_mask(c, target)
+                       : &c->rw_devs[BCH_DATA_USER];
 
-               rcu_read_lock();
                for_each_member_device_rcu(ca, c, i, devs) {
                        bdi = ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_bdi;
 
@@ -171,27 +182,20 @@ int bch2_congested(struct bch_fs *c, int bdi_bits)
                                break;
                        }
                }
-               rcu_read_unlock();
        }
+       rcu_read_unlock();
 
        return ret;
 }
 
-static int bch2_congested_fn(void *data, int bdi_bits)
-{
-       struct bch_fs *c = data;
-
-       return bch2_congested(c, bdi_bits);
-}
-
 /* Filesystem RO/RW: */
 
 /*
  * For startup/shutdown of RW stuff, the dependencies are:
  *
- * - foreground writes depend on copygc and tiering (to free up space)
+ * - foreground writes depend on copygc and rebalance (to free up space)
  *
- * - copygc and tiering depend on mark and sweep gc (they actually probably
+ * - copygc and rebalance depend on mark and sweep gc (they actually probably
  *   don't because they either reserve ahead of time or don't block if
  *   allocations fail, but allocations can require mark and sweep gc to run
  *   because of generation number wraparound)
@@ -204,12 +208,14 @@ static int bch2_congested_fn(void *data, int bdi_bits)
 static void __bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca;
-       unsigned i;
+       bool wrote = false;
+       unsigned i, clean_passes = 0;
+       int ret;
 
-       bch2_tiering_stop(c);
+       bch2_rebalance_stop(c);
 
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
-               bch2_moving_gc_stop(ca);
+               bch2_copygc_stop(ca);
 
        bch2_gc_thread_stop(c);
 
@@ -217,16 +223,82 @@ static void __bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
         * Flush journal before stopping allocators, because flushing journal
         * blacklist entries involves allocating new btree nodes:
         */
-       bch2_journal_flush_pins(&c->journal, U64_MAX);
+       bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal);
 
-       if (!bch2_journal_error(&c->journal))
-               bch2_btree_verify_flushed(c);
+       /*
+        * If the allocator threads didn't all start up, the btree updates to
+        * write out alloc info aren't going to work:
+        */
+       if (!test_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_RUNNING, &c->flags))
+               goto nowrote_alloc;
+
+       bch_verbose(c, "writing alloc info");
+       /*
+        * This should normally just be writing the bucket read/write clocks:
+        */
+       ret = bch2_stripes_write(c, BTREE_INSERT_NOCHECK_RW, &wrote) ?:
+               bch2_alloc_write(c, BTREE_INSERT_NOCHECK_RW, &wrote);
+       bch_verbose(c, "writing alloc info complete");
+
+       if (ret && !test_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags))
+               bch2_fs_inconsistent(c, "error writing out alloc info %i", ret);
+
+       if (ret)
+               goto nowrote_alloc;
+
+       bch_verbose(c, "flushing journal and stopping allocators");
+
+       bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal);
+       set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_STOPPING, &c->flags);
+
+       do {
+               clean_passes++;
+
+               if (bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal))
+                       clean_passes = 0;
+
+               /*
+                * In flight interior btree updates will generate more journal
+                * updates and btree updates (alloc btree):
+                */
+               if (bch2_btree_interior_updates_nr_pending(c)) {
+                       closure_wait_event(&c->btree_interior_update_wait,
+                                          !bch2_btree_interior_updates_nr_pending(c));
+                       clean_passes = 0;
+               }
+               flush_work(&c->btree_interior_update_work);
+
+               if (bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal))
+                       clean_passes = 0;
+       } while (clean_passes < 2);
+       bch_verbose(c, "flushing journal and stopping allocators complete");
+
+       set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_CLEAN, &c->flags);
+nowrote_alloc:
+       closure_wait_event(&c->btree_interior_update_wait,
+                          !bch2_btree_interior_updates_nr_pending(c));
+       flush_work(&c->btree_interior_update_work);
 
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_stop(ca);
 
+       clear_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_RUNNING, &c->flags);
+       clear_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_STOPPING, &c->flags);
+
        bch2_fs_journal_stop(&c->journal);
 
+       /*
+        * the journal kicks off btree writes via reclaim - wait for in flight
+        * writes after stopping journal:
+        */
+       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags))
+               bch2_btree_flush_all_writes(c);
+       else
+               bch2_btree_verify_flushed(c);
+
+       /*
+        * After stopping journal:
+        */
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_remove(c, ca);
 }
@@ -241,12 +313,12 @@ static void bch2_writes_disabled(struct percpu_ref *writes)
 
 void bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       if (c->state != BCH_FS_STARTING &&
-           c->state != BCH_FS_RW)
+       if (!test_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags)) {
+               cancel_delayed_work_sync(&c->journal.reclaim_work);
                return;
+       }
 
-       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags))
-               return;
+       BUG_ON(test_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags));
 
        /*
         * Block new foreground-end write operations from starting - any new
@@ -258,12 +330,9 @@ void bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
         */
        percpu_ref_kill(&c->writes);
 
-       del_timer(&c->foreground_write_wakeup);
+       cancel_work_sync(&c->ec_stripe_delete_work);
        cancel_delayed_work(&c->pd_controllers_update);
 
-       c->foreground_write_pd.rate.rate = UINT_MAX;
-       bch2_wake_delayed_writes((unsigned long) c);
-
        /*
         * If we're not doing an emergency shutdown, we want to wait on
         * outstanding writes to complete so they don't see spurious errors due
@@ -287,14 +356,16 @@ void bch2_fs_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
        clear_bit(BCH_FS_WRITE_DISABLE_COMPLETE, &c->flags);
 
        if (!bch2_journal_error(&c->journal) &&
-           !test_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags)) {
-               mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-               SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb, true);
-               bch2_write_super(c);
-               mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+           !test_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags) &&
+           !test_bit(BCH_FS_EMERGENCY_RO, &c->flags) &&
+           test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags) &&
+           test_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_CLEAN, &c->flags) &&
+           !c->opts.norecovery) {
+               bch_verbose(c, "marking filesystem clean");
+               bch2_fs_mark_clean(c);
        }
 
-       c->state = BCH_FS_RO;
+       clear_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags);
 }
 
 static void bch2_fs_read_only_work(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -302,9 +373,9 @@ static void bch2_fs_read_only_work(struct work_struct *work)
        struct bch_fs *c =
                container_of(work, struct bch_fs, read_only_work);
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
        bch2_fs_read_only(c);
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
 }
 
 static void bch2_fs_read_only_async(struct bch_fs *c)
@@ -323,114 +394,182 @@ bool bch2_fs_emergency_read_only(struct bch_fs *c)
        return ret;
 }
 
-const char *bch2_fs_read_write(struct bch_fs *c)
+static int bch2_fs_read_write_late(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca;
-       const char *err = NULL;
        unsigned i;
+       int ret;
 
-       if (c->state != BCH_FS_STARTING &&
-           c->state != BCH_FS_RO)
-               return NULL;
-
-       for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-               bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
-       bch2_recalc_capacity(c);
+       ret = bch2_gc_thread_start(c);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(c, "error starting gc thread");
+               return ret;
+       }
 
-       err = "error starting allocator thread";
-       for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-               if (bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca)) {
+       for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i) {
+               ret = bch2_copygc_start(c, ca);
+               if (ret) {
+                       bch_err(c, "error starting copygc threads");
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
-                       goto err;
+                       return ret;
                }
+       }
+
+       ret = bch2_rebalance_start(c);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(c, "error starting rebalance thread");
+               return ret;
+       }
+
+       schedule_delayed_work(&c->pd_controllers_update, 5 * HZ);
 
-       err = "error starting btree GC thread";
-       if (bch2_gc_thread_start(c))
+       schedule_work(&c->ec_stripe_delete_work);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int __bch2_fs_read_write(struct bch_fs *c, bool early)
+{
+       struct bch_dev *ca;
+       unsigned i;
+       int ret;
+
+       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags))
+               return 0;
+
+       /*
+        * nochanges is used for fsck -n mode - we have to allow going rw
+        * during recovery for that to work:
+        */
+       if (c->opts.norecovery ||
+           (c->opts.nochanges &&
+            (!early || c->opts.read_only)))
+               return -EROFS;
+
+       ret = bch2_fs_mark_dirty(c);
+       if (ret)
                goto err;
 
-       err = "error starting moving GC thread";
+       clear_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_CLEAN, &c->flags);
+
        for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-               if (bch2_moving_gc_start(ca)) {
+               bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
+       bch2_recalc_capacity(c);
+
+       for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i) {
+               ret = bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca);
+               if (ret) {
+                       bch_err(c, "error starting allocator threads");
                        percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
                        goto err;
                }
+       }
 
-       err = "error starting tiering thread";
-       if (bch2_tiering_start(c))
-               goto err;
+       set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOCATOR_RUNNING, &c->flags);
 
-       schedule_delayed_work(&c->pd_controllers_update, 5 * HZ);
+       if (!early) {
+               ret = bch2_fs_read_write_late(c);
+               if (ret)
+                       goto err;
+       }
 
-       if (c->state != BCH_FS_STARTING)
-               percpu_ref_reinit(&c->writes);
+       percpu_ref_reinit(&c->writes);
+       set_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags);
 
-       c->state = BCH_FS_RW;
-       return NULL;
+       queue_delayed_work(c->journal_reclaim_wq,
+                          &c->journal.reclaim_work, 0);
+       return 0;
 err:
        __bch2_fs_read_only(c);
-       return err;
+       return ret;
+}
+
+int bch2_fs_read_write(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       return __bch2_fs_read_write(c, false);
+}
+
+int bch2_fs_read_write_early(struct bch_fs *c)
+{
+       lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);
+
+       return __bch2_fs_read_write(c, true);
 }
 
 /* Filesystem startup/shutdown: */
 
 static void bch2_fs_free(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
+       unsigned i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < BCH_TIME_STAT_NR; i++)
+               bch2_time_stats_exit(&c->times[i]);
+
+       bch2_fs_quota_exit(c);
+       bch2_fs_fsio_exit(c);
+       bch2_fs_ec_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_encryption_exit(c);
-       bch2_fs_btree_exit(c);
+       bch2_fs_io_exit(c);
+       bch2_fs_btree_interior_update_exit(c);
+       bch2_fs_btree_iter_exit(c);
+       bch2_fs_btree_key_cache_exit(&c->btree_key_cache);
+       bch2_fs_btree_cache_exit(c);
        bch2_fs_journal_exit(&c->journal);
        bch2_io_clock_exit(&c->io_clock[WRITE]);
        bch2_io_clock_exit(&c->io_clock[READ]);
        bch2_fs_compress_exit(c);
-       if (c->bdi.bdi_list.next)
-               bdi_destroy(&c->bdi);
-       lg_lock_free(&c->usage_lock);
-       free_percpu(c->usage_percpu);
+       bch2_journal_keys_free(&c->journal_keys);
+       bch2_journal_entries_free(&c->journal_entries);
+       percpu_free_rwsem(&c->mark_lock);
+       kfree(c->usage_scratch);
+       free_percpu(c->usage[1]);
+       free_percpu(c->usage[0]);
+       kfree(c->usage_base);
+       free_percpu(c->pcpu);
+       mempool_exit(&c->large_bkey_pool);
        mempool_exit(&c->btree_bounce_pool);
-       mempool_exit(&c->bio_bounce_pages);
-       bioset_exit(&c->bio_write);
-       bioset_exit(&c->bio_read_split);
-       bioset_exit(&c->bio_read);
-       bioset_exit(&c->btree_read_bio);
-       mempool_exit(&c->btree_interior_update_pool);
-       mempool_exit(&c->btree_reserve_pool);
+       bioset_exit(&c->btree_bio);
        mempool_exit(&c->fill_iter);
        percpu_ref_exit(&c->writes);
-       kfree(c->replicas);
+       kfree(c->replicas.entries);
+       kfree(c->replicas_gc.entries);
+       kfree(rcu_dereference_protected(c->disk_groups, 1));
+       kfree(c->journal_seq_blacklist_table);
 
+       if (c->journal_reclaim_wq)
+               destroy_workqueue(c->journal_reclaim_wq);
        if (c->copygc_wq)
                destroy_workqueue(c->copygc_wq);
        if (c->wq)
                destroy_workqueue(c->wq);
 
-       free_pages((unsigned long) c->disk_sb, c->disk_sb_order);
-       kfree(c);
+       free_pages((unsigned long) c->disk_sb.sb,
+                  c->disk_sb.page_order);
+       kvpfree(c, sizeof(*c));
        module_put(THIS_MODULE);
 }
 
-static void bch2_fs_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
+static void bch2_fs_release(struct kobject *kobj)
 {
-       unsigned i;
-
-       del_timer_sync(&c->foreground_write_wakeup);
-       cancel_delayed_work_sync(&c->pd_controllers_update);
-       cancel_work_sync(&c->read_only_work);
-
-       for (i = 0; i < c->sb.nr_devices; i++)
-               if (c->devs[i])
-                       bch2_dev_free(c->devs[i]);
+       struct bch_fs *c = container_of(kobj, struct bch_fs, kobj);
 
-       closure_debug_destroy(&c->cl);
-       kobject_put(&c->kobj);
+       bch2_fs_free(c);
 }
 
-static void bch2_fs_offline(struct bch_fs *c)
+void bch2_fs_stop(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i;
 
-       mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
-       list_del(&c->list);
-       mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
+       bch_verbose(c, "shutting down");
+
+       set_bit(BCH_FS_STOPPING, &c->flags);
+
+       cancel_work_sync(&c->journal_seq_blacklist_gc_work);
+
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
+       bch2_fs_read_only(c);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
 
        for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
                if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs &&
@@ -448,30 +587,72 @@ static void bch2_fs_offline(struct bch_fs *c)
        kobject_put(&c->opts_dir);
        kobject_put(&c->internal);
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
-       __bch2_fs_read_only(c);
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
-}
+       mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
+       list_del(&c->list);
+       mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
 
-static void bch2_fs_release(struct kobject *kobj)
-{
-       struct bch_fs *c = container_of(kobj, struct bch_fs, kobj);
+       closure_sync(&c->cl);
+       closure_debug_destroy(&c->cl);
 
-       bch2_fs_free(c);
+       /* btree prefetch might have kicked off reads in the background: */
+       bch2_btree_flush_all_reads(c);
+
+       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
+               cancel_work_sync(&ca->io_error_work);
+
+       cancel_work_sync(&c->btree_write_error_work);
+       cancel_delayed_work_sync(&c->pd_controllers_update);
+       cancel_work_sync(&c->read_only_work);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < c->sb.nr_devices; i++)
+               if (c->devs[i])
+                       bch2_dev_free(rcu_dereference_protected(c->devs[i], 1));
+
+       bch_verbose(c, "shutdown complete");
+
+       kobject_put(&c->kobj);
 }
 
-void bch2_fs_stop(struct bch_fs *c)
+static const char *bch2_fs_online(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
-       BUG_ON(c->state == BCH_FS_STOPPING);
-       c->state = BCH_FS_STOPPING;
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       struct bch_dev *ca;
+       const char *err = NULL;
+       unsigned i;
+       int ret;
 
-       bch2_fs_offline(c);
+       lockdep_assert_held(&bch_fs_list_lock);
 
-       closure_sync(&c->cl);
+       if (!list_empty(&c->list))
+               return NULL;
 
-       bch2_fs_exit(c);
+       if (__bch2_uuid_to_fs(c->sb.uuid))
+               return "filesystem UUID already open";
+
+       ret = bch2_fs_chardev_init(c);
+       if (ret)
+               return "error creating character device";
+
+       bch2_fs_debug_init(c);
+
+       if (kobject_add(&c->kobj, NULL, "%pU", c->sb.user_uuid.b) ||
+           kobject_add(&c->internal, &c->kobj, "internal") ||
+           kobject_add(&c->opts_dir, &c->kobj, "options") ||
+           kobject_add(&c->time_stats, &c->kobj, "time_stats") ||
+           bch2_opts_create_sysfs_files(&c->opts_dir))
+               return "error creating sysfs objects";
+
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
+
+       err = "error creating sysfs objects";
+       __for_each_member_device(ca, c, i, NULL)
+               if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(c, ca))
+                       goto err;
+
+       list_add(&c->list, &bch_fs_list);
+       err = NULL;
+err:
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
+       return err;
 }
 
 static struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_alloc(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_opts opts)
@@ -479,72 +660,78 @@ static struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_alloc(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_opts opts)
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_fs *c;
        unsigned i, iter_size;
+       const char *err;
+
+       pr_verbose_init(opts, "");
 
-       c = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bch_fs), GFP_KERNEL);
+       c = kvpmalloc(sizeof(struct bch_fs), GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
        if (!c)
-               return NULL;
+               goto out;
 
        __module_get(THIS_MODULE);
 
        c->minor                = -1;
+       c->disk_sb.fs_sb        = true;
 
-       mutex_init(&c->state_lock);
+       init_rwsem(&c->state_lock);
        mutex_init(&c->sb_lock);
        mutex_init(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
-       mutex_init(&c->btree_cache_lock);
-       mutex_init(&c->bucket_lock);
        mutex_init(&c->btree_root_lock);
        INIT_WORK(&c->read_only_work, bch2_fs_read_only_work);
 
        init_rwsem(&c->gc_lock);
 
-#define BCH_TIME_STAT(name, frequency_units, duration_units)           \
-       spin_lock_init(&c->name##_time.lock);
-       BCH_TIME_STATS()
-#undef BCH_TIME_STAT
+       for (i = 0; i < BCH_TIME_STAT_NR; i++)
+               bch2_time_stats_init(&c->times[i]);
 
-       bch2_fs_allocator_init(c);
-       bch2_fs_tiering_init(c);
+       bch2_fs_btree_key_cache_init_early(&c->btree_key_cache);
+       bch2_fs_allocator_background_init(c);
+       bch2_fs_allocator_foreground_init(c);
+       bch2_fs_rebalance_init(c);
+       bch2_fs_quota_init(c);
 
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->list);
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_cache);
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_cache_freeable);
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_cache_freed);
 
-       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->btree_interior_update_list);
-       mutex_init(&c->btree_reserve_cache_lock);
-       mutex_init(&c->btree_interior_update_lock);
+       mutex_init(&c->usage_scratch_lock);
 
        mutex_init(&c->bio_bounce_pages_lock);
-       mutex_init(&c->zlib_workspace_lock);
 
        bio_list_init(&c->btree_write_error_list);
        spin_lock_init(&c->btree_write_error_lock);
        INIT_WORK(&c->btree_write_error_work, bch2_btree_write_error_work);
 
+       INIT_WORK(&c->journal_seq_blacklist_gc_work,
+                 bch2_blacklist_entries_gc);
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->journal_entries);
+
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->fsck_errors);
        mutex_init(&c->fsck_error_lock);
 
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&c->ec_new_stripe_list);
+       mutex_init(&c->ec_new_stripe_lock);
+       mutex_init(&c->ec_stripe_create_lock);
+       spin_lock_init(&c->ec_stripes_heap_lock);
+
        seqcount_init(&c->gc_pos_lock);
 
-       c->prio_clock[READ].hand = 1;
-       c->prio_clock[READ].min_prio = 0;
-       c->prio_clock[WRITE].hand = 1;
-       c->prio_clock[WRITE].min_prio = 0;
+       seqcount_init(&c->usage_lock);
+
+       sema_init(&c->io_in_flight, 64);
 
-       init_waitqueue_head(&c->writeback_wait);
-       c->writeback_pages_max = (256 << 10) / PAGE_SIZE;
+       c->copy_gc_enabled              = 1;
+       c->rebalance.enabled            = 1;
+       c->promote_whole_extents        = true;
 
-       c->copy_gc_enabled = 1;
-       c->tiering_enabled = 1;
-       c->tiering_percent = 10;
+       c->journal.write_time   = &c->times[BCH_TIME_journal_write];
+       c->journal.delay_time   = &c->times[BCH_TIME_journal_delay];
+       c->journal.blocked_time = &c->times[BCH_TIME_blocked_journal];
+       c->journal.flush_seq_time = &c->times[BCH_TIME_journal_flush_seq];
 
-       c->foreground_target_percent = 20;
+       bch2_fs_btree_cache_init_early(&c->btree_cache);
 
-       c->journal.write_time   = &c->journal_write_time;
-       c->journal.delay_time   = &c->journal_delay_time;
-       c->journal.blocked_time = &c->journal_blocked_time;
-       c->journal.flush_seq_time = &c->journal_flush_seq_time;
+       if (percpu_init_rwsem(&c->mark_lock))
+               goto err;
 
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
 
@@ -562,56 +749,50 @@ static struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_alloc(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_opts opts)
        bch2_opts_apply(&c->opts, opts);
 
        c->block_bits           = ilog2(c->opts.block_size);
-
-       c->opts.nochanges       |= c->opts.noreplay;
-       c->opts.read_only       |= c->opts.nochanges;
+       c->btree_foreground_merge_threshold = BTREE_FOREGROUND_MERGE_THRESHOLD(c);
 
        if (bch2_fs_init_fault("fs_alloc"))
                goto err;
 
-       iter_size = (btree_blocks(c) + 1) * 2 *
-               sizeof(struct btree_node_iter_set);
+       iter_size = sizeof(struct sort_iter) +
+               (btree_blocks(c) + 1) * 2 *
+               sizeof(struct sort_iter_set);
 
        if (!(c->wq = alloc_workqueue("bcachefs",
-                               WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_HIGHPRI, 1)) ||
+                               WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE, 1)) ||
            !(c->copygc_wq = alloc_workqueue("bcache_copygc",
+                               WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE, 1)) ||
+           !(c->journal_reclaim_wq = alloc_workqueue("bcache_journal",
                                WQ_FREEZABLE|WQ_MEM_RECLAIM|WQ_HIGHPRI, 1)) ||
-           percpu_ref_init(&c->writes, bch2_writes_disabled, 0, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_reserve_pool, 1,
-                                     sizeof(struct btree_reserve)) ||
-           mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->btree_interior_update_pool, 1,
-                                     sizeof(struct btree_update)) ||
+           percpu_ref_init(&c->writes, bch2_writes_disabled,
+                           PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD, GFP_KERNEL) ||
            mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->fill_iter, 1, iter_size) ||
-           bioset_init(&c->btree_read_bio, 1,
-                       offsetof(struct btree_read_bio, bio)) ||
-           bioset_init(&c->bio_read, 1, offsetof(struct bch_read_bio, bio)) ||
-           bioset_init(&c->bio_read_split, 1, offsetof(struct bch_read_bio, bio)) ||
-           bioset_init(&c->bio_write, 1, offsetof(struct bch_write_bio, bio)) ||
-           mempool_init_page_pool(&c->bio_bounce_pages,
-                                  max_t(unsigned,
-                                        c->opts.btree_node_size,
-                                        c->sb.encoded_extent_max) /
-                                  PAGE_SECTORS, 0) ||
-           !(c->usage_percpu = alloc_percpu(struct bch_fs_usage)) ||
-           lg_lock_init(&c->usage_lock) ||
-           mempool_init_vp_pool(&c->btree_bounce_pool, 1, btree_bytes(c)) ||
-           bdi_setup_and_register(&c->bdi, "bcachefs") ||
+           bioset_init(&c->btree_bio, 1,
+                       max(offsetof(struct btree_read_bio, bio),
+                           offsetof(struct btree_write_bio, wbio.bio)),
+                       BIOSET_NEED_BVECS) ||
+           !(c->pcpu = alloc_percpu(struct bch_fs_pcpu)) ||
+           mempool_init_kvpmalloc_pool(&c->btree_bounce_pool, 1,
+                                       btree_bytes(c)) ||
+           mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&c->large_bkey_pool, 1, 2048) ||
            bch2_io_clock_init(&c->io_clock[READ]) ||
            bch2_io_clock_init(&c->io_clock[WRITE]) ||
            bch2_fs_journal_init(&c->journal) ||
-           bch2_fs_btree_init(c) ||
+           bch2_fs_replicas_init(c) ||
+           bch2_fs_btree_cache_init(c) ||
+           bch2_fs_btree_key_cache_init(&c->btree_key_cache) ||
+           bch2_fs_btree_iter_init(c) ||
+           bch2_fs_btree_interior_update_init(c) ||
+           bch2_fs_io_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_encryption_init(c) ||
            bch2_fs_compress_init(c) ||
-           bch2_check_set_has_compressed_data(c, c->opts.compression))
+           bch2_fs_ec_init(c) ||
+           bch2_fs_fsio_init(c))
                goto err;
 
-       c->bdi.ra_pages         = VM_MAX_READAHEAD * 1024 / PAGE_SIZE;
-       c->bdi.congested_fn     = bch2_congested_fn;
-       c->bdi.congested_data   = c;
-
-       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb);
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        for (i = 0; i < c->sb.nr_devices; i++)
-               if (bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb, mi, i) &&
+               if (bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb.sb, mi, i) &&
                    bch2_dev_alloc(c, i))
                        goto err;
 
@@ -626,265 +807,119 @@ static struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_alloc(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_opts opts)
        kobject_init(&c->internal, &bch2_fs_internal_ktype);
        kobject_init(&c->opts_dir, &bch2_fs_opts_dir_ktype);
        kobject_init(&c->time_stats, &bch2_fs_time_stats_ktype);
+
+       mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
+       err = bch2_fs_online(c);
+       mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
+       if (err) {
+               bch_err(c, "bch2_fs_online() error: %s", err);
+               goto err;
+       }
+out:
+       pr_verbose_init(opts, "ret %i", c ? 0 : -ENOMEM);
        return c;
 err:
        bch2_fs_free(c);
-       return NULL;
+       c = NULL;
+       goto out;
 }
 
-static const char *__bch2_fs_online(struct bch_fs *c)
+noinline_for_stack
+static void print_mount_opts(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca;
-       const char *err = NULL;
-       unsigned i;
-       int ret;
-
-       lockdep_assert_held(&bch_fs_list_lock);
+       enum bch_opt_id i;
+       char buf[512];
+       struct printbuf p = PBUF(buf);
+       bool first = true;
 
-       if (!list_empty(&c->list))
-               return NULL;
+       strcpy(buf, "(null)");
 
-       if (__bch2_uuid_to_fs(c->sb.uuid))
-               return "filesystem UUID already open";
-
-       ret = bch2_fs_chardev_init(c);
-       if (ret)
-               return "error creating character device";
-
-       bch2_fs_debug_init(c);
-
-       if (kobject_add(&c->kobj, NULL, "%pU", c->sb.user_uuid.b) ||
-           kobject_add(&c->internal, &c->kobj, "internal") ||
-           kobject_add(&c->opts_dir, &c->kobj, "options") ||
-           kobject_add(&c->time_stats, &c->kobj, "time_stats") ||
-           bch2_opts_create_sysfs_files(&c->opts_dir))
-               return "error creating sysfs objects";
-
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       if (c->opts.read_only) {
+               pr_buf(&p, "ro");
+               first = false;
+       }
 
-       err = "error creating sysfs objects";
-       __for_each_member_device(ca, c, i, NULL)
-               if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(ca))
-                       goto err;
+       for (i = 0; i < bch2_opts_nr; i++) {
+               const struct bch_option *opt = &bch2_opt_table[i];
+               u64 v = bch2_opt_get_by_id(&c->opts, i);
 
-       list_add(&c->list, &bch_fs_list);
-       err = NULL;
-err:
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
-       return err;
-}
+               if (!(opt->mode & OPT_MOUNT))
+                       continue;
 
-static const char *bch2_fs_online(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-       const char *err;
+               if (v == bch2_opt_get_by_id(&bch2_opts_default, i))
+                       continue;
 
-       mutex_lock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
-       err = __bch2_fs_online(c);
-       mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
+               if (!first)
+                       pr_buf(&p, ",");
+               first = false;
+               bch2_opt_to_text(&p, c, opt, v, OPT_SHOW_MOUNT_STYLE);
+       }
 
-       return err;
+       bch_info(c, "mounted with opts: %s", buf);
 }
 
-static const char *__bch2_fs_start(struct bch_fs *c)
+int bch2_fs_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        const char *err = "cannot allocate memory";
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
-       LIST_HEAD(journal);
-       struct jset *j;
-       struct closure cl;
-       time64_t now;
+       time64_t now = ktime_get_real_seconds();
        unsigned i;
        int ret = -EINVAL;
 
-       closure_init_stack(&cl);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
-
-       BUG_ON(c->state != BCH_FS_STARTING);
+       BUG_ON(test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags));
 
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+
        for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_sb_from_fs(c, ca);
+
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
+       for_each_online_member(ca, c, i)
+               mi->members[ca->dev_idx].last_mount = cpu_to_le64(now);
+
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
        for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
                bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
        bch2_recalc_capacity(c);
 
-       if (BCH_SB_INITIALIZED(c->disk_sb)) {
-               ret = bch2_journal_read(c, &journal);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-
-               j = &list_entry(journal.prev, struct journal_replay, list)->j;
-
-               c->prio_clock[READ].hand = le16_to_cpu(j->read_clock);
-               c->prio_clock[WRITE].hand = le16_to_cpu(j->write_clock);
-
-               for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++) {
-                       unsigned level;
-                       struct bkey_i *k;
-
-                       err = "missing btree root";
-                       k = bch2_journal_find_btree_root(c, j, i, &level);
-                       if (!k && i < BTREE_ID_ALLOC)
-                               goto err;
-
-                       if (!k)
-                               continue;
-
-                       err = "error reading btree root";
-                       if (bch2_btree_root_read(c, i, k, level))
-                               goto err;
-               }
-
-               err = "error reading allocation information";
-               ret = bch2_alloc_read(c, &journal);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-
-               set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_READ_DONE, &c->flags);
-
-               bch_verbose(c, "starting mark and sweep:");
-               err = "error in recovery";
-               ret = bch2_initial_gc(c, &journal);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-               bch_verbose(c, "mark and sweep done");
-
-               if (c->opts.noreplay)
-                       goto recovery_done;
-
-               err = "cannot allocate new btree root";
-               for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
-                       if (!c->btree_roots[i].b &&
-                           bch2_btree_root_alloc(c, i, &cl))
-                               goto err;
-
-               closure_sync(&cl);
-
-               /*
-                * bch2_journal_start() can't happen sooner, or btree_gc_finish()
-                * will give spurious errors about oldest_gen > bucket_gen -
-                * this is a hack but oh well.
-                */
-               bch2_journal_start(c);
-
-               err = "error starting allocator thread";
-               for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-                       if (bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca)) {
-                               percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-
-               bch_verbose(c, "starting journal replay:");
-               err = "journal replay failed";
-               ret = bch2_journal_replay(c, &journal);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-               bch_verbose(c, "journal replay done");
-
-               if (c->opts.norecovery)
-                       goto recovery_done;
-
-               bch_verbose(c, "starting fsck:");
-               err = "error in fsck";
-               ret = bch2_fsck(c, !c->opts.nofsck);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-               bch_verbose(c, "fsck done");
-       } else {
-               struct bch_inode_unpacked inode;
-               struct bkey_inode_buf packed_inode;
-
-               bch_notice(c, "initializing new filesystem");
-
-               set_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_READ_DONE, &c->flags);
-
-               ret = bch2_initial_gc(c, &journal);
-               if (ret)
-                       goto err;
-
-               err = "unable to allocate journal buckets";
-               for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-                       if (bch2_dev_journal_alloc(ca)) {
-                               percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-
-               err = "cannot allocate new btree root";
-               for (i = 0; i < BTREE_ID_NR; i++)
-                       if (bch2_btree_root_alloc(c, i, &cl))
-                               goto err;
-
-               /*
-                * journal_res_get() will crash if called before this has
-                * set up the journal.pin FIFO and journal.cur pointer:
-                */
-               bch2_journal_start(c);
-               bch2_journal_set_replay_done(&c->journal);
-
-               err = "error starting allocator thread";
-               for_each_rw_member(ca, c, i)
-                       if (bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca)) {
-                               percpu_ref_put(&ca->io_ref);
-                               goto err;
-                       }
-
-               /* Wait for new btree roots to be written: */
-               closure_sync(&cl);
-
-               bch2_inode_init(c, &inode, 0, 0,
-                              S_IFDIR|S_IRWXU|S_IRUGO|S_IXUGO, 0);
-               inode.bi_inum = BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO;
-
-               bch2_inode_pack(&packed_inode, &inode);
+       ret = BCH_SB_INITIALIZED(c->disk_sb.sb)
+               ? bch2_fs_recovery(c)
+               : bch2_fs_initialize(c);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
-               err = "error creating root directory";
-               if (bch2_btree_insert(c, BTREE_ID_INODES,
-                                    &packed_inode.inode.k_i,
-                                    NULL, NULL, NULL, 0))
-                       goto err;
+       ret = bch2_opts_check_may_set(c);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
 
-               err = "error writing first journal entry";
-               if (bch2_journal_meta(&c->journal))
-                       goto err;
-       }
-recovery_done:
        err = "dynamic fault";
+       ret = -EINVAL;
        if (bch2_fs_init_fault("fs_start"))
                goto err;
 
-       if (c->opts.read_only) {
+       set_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags);
+
+       if (c->opts.read_only || c->opts.nochanges) {
                bch2_fs_read_only(c);
        } else {
-               err = bch2_fs_read_write(c);
-               if (err)
+               err = "error going read write";
+               ret = !test_bit(BCH_FS_RW, &c->flags)
+                       ? bch2_fs_read_write(c)
+                       : bch2_fs_read_write_late(c);
+               if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb);
-       now = ktime_get_seconds();
-
-       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
-               mi->members[ca->dev_idx].last_mount = cpu_to_le64(now);
-
-       SET_BCH_SB_INITIALIZED(c->disk_sb, true);
-       SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb, false);
-
-       bch2_write_super(c);
-       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
-
-       err = NULL;
+       print_mount_opts(c);
+       ret = 0;
 out:
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
-       bch2_journal_entries_free(&journal);
-       return err;
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
+       return ret;
 err:
-       closure_sync(&cl);
-
        switch (ret) {
        case BCH_FSCK_ERRORS_NOT_FIXED:
                bch_err(c, "filesystem contains errors: please report this to the developers");
@@ -911,16 +946,11 @@ err:
                break;
        }
 
-       BUG_ON(!err);
-       set_bit(BCH_FS_ERROR, &c->flags);
+       if (ret >= 0)
+               ret = -EIO;
        goto out;
 }
 
-const char *bch2_fs_start(struct bch_fs *c)
-{
-       return __bch2_fs_start(c) ?: bch2_fs_online(c);
-}
-
 static const char *bch2_dev_may_add(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_members *sb_mi;
@@ -933,7 +963,7 @@ static const char *bch2_dev_may_add(struct bch_sb *sb, struct bch_fs *c)
                return "mismatched block size";
 
        if (le16_to_cpu(sb_mi->members[sb->dev_idx].bucket_size) <
-           BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(c->disk_sb))
+           BCH_SB_BTREE_NODE_SIZE(c->disk_sb.sb))
                return "new cache bucket size is too small";
 
        return NULL;
@@ -968,8 +998,6 @@ static void bch2_dev_release(struct kobject *kobj)
 
 static void bch2_dev_free(struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
-       unsigned i;
-
        cancel_work_sync(&ca->io_error_work);
 
        if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs &&
@@ -985,40 +1013,30 @@ static void bch2_dev_free(struct bch_dev *ca)
 
        free_percpu(ca->io_done);
        bioset_exit(&ca->replica_set);
-       free_percpu(ca->usage_percpu);
-       kvpfree(ca->bucket_dirty, BITS_TO_LONGS(ca->mi.nbuckets) * sizeof(unsigned long));
-       kvpfree(ca->buckets,     ca->mi.nbuckets * sizeof(struct bucket));
-       kvpfree(ca->oldest_gens, ca->mi.nbuckets * sizeof(u8));
-       free_heap(&ca->copygc_heap);
-       free_heap(&ca->alloc_heap);
-       free_fifo(&ca->free_inc);
+       bch2_dev_buckets_free(ca);
+       free_page((unsigned long) ca->sb_read_scratch);
 
-       for (i = 0; i < RESERVE_NR; i++)
-               free_fifo(&ca->free[i]);
+       bch2_time_stats_exit(&ca->io_latency[WRITE]);
+       bch2_time_stats_exit(&ca->io_latency[READ]);
 
        percpu_ref_exit(&ca->io_ref);
        percpu_ref_exit(&ca->ref);
        kobject_put(&ca->kobj);
 }
 
-static void bch2_dev_io_ref_release(struct percpu_ref *ref)
+static void __bch2_dev_offline(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
-       struct bch_dev *ca = container_of(ref, struct bch_dev, io_ref);
-
-       complete(&ca->offline_complete);
-}
-
-static void __bch2_dev_offline(struct bch_dev *ca)
-{
-       struct bch_fs *c = ca->fs;
 
        lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);
 
+       if (percpu_ref_is_zero(&ca->io_ref))
+               return;
+
        __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);
 
-       reinit_completion(&ca->offline_complete);
+       reinit_completion(&ca->io_ref_completion);
        percpu_ref_kill(&ca->io_ref);
-       wait_for_completion(&ca->offline_complete);
+       wait_for_completion(&ca->io_ref_completion);
 
        if (ca->kobj.state_in_sysfs) {
                struct kobject *block =
@@ -1032,32 +1050,22 @@ static void __bch2_dev_offline(struct bch_dev *ca)
        bch2_dev_journal_exit(ca);
 }
 
-static void bch2_dev_ref_release(struct percpu_ref *ref)
+static void bch2_dev_ref_complete(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca = container_of(ref, struct bch_dev, ref);
 
-       complete(&ca->stop_complete);
+       complete(&ca->ref_completion);
 }
 
-static void bch2_dev_stop(struct bch_dev *ca)
+static void bch2_dev_io_ref_complete(struct percpu_ref *ref)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = ca->fs;
-
-       lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);
-
-       BUG_ON(rcu_access_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx]) != ca);
-       rcu_assign_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx], NULL);
-
-       synchronize_rcu();
+       struct bch_dev *ca = container_of(ref, struct bch_dev, io_ref);
 
-       reinit_completion(&ca->stop_complete);
-       percpu_ref_kill(&ca->ref);
-       wait_for_completion(&ca->stop_complete);
+       complete(&ca->io_ref_completion);
 }
 
-static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_dev *ca)
+static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
-       struct bch_fs *c = ca->fs;
        int ret;
 
        if (!c->kobj.state_in_sysfs)
@@ -1085,160 +1093,167 @@ static int bch2_dev_sysfs_online(struct bch_dev *ca)
        return 0;
 }
 
-static int bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx)
+static struct bch_dev *__bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *c,
+                                       struct bch_member *member)
 {
-       struct bch_member *member;
-       size_t reserve_none, movinggc_reserve, free_inc_reserve, total_reserve;
-       size_t heap_size;
-       unsigned i, btree_node_reserve_buckets;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
 
-       if (bch2_fs_init_fault("dev_alloc"))
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
        ca = kzalloc(sizeof(*ca), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!ca)
-               return -ENOMEM;
+               return NULL;
 
        kobject_init(&ca->kobj, &bch2_dev_ktype);
-       init_completion(&ca->stop_complete);
-       init_completion(&ca->offline_complete);
+       init_completion(&ca->ref_completion);
+       init_completion(&ca->io_ref_completion);
+
+       init_rwsem(&ca->bucket_lock);
+
+       writepoint_init(&ca->copygc_write_point, BCH_DATA_USER);
+
+       bch2_dev_copygc_init(ca);
+
+       INIT_WORK(&ca->io_error_work, bch2_io_error_work);
 
+       bch2_time_stats_init(&ca->io_latency[READ]);
+       bch2_time_stats_init(&ca->io_latency[WRITE]);
+
+       ca->mi = bch2_mi_to_cpu(member);
+       ca->uuid = member->uuid;
+
+       if (opt_defined(c->opts, discard))
+               ca->mi.discard = opt_get(c->opts, discard);
+
+       if (percpu_ref_init(&ca->ref, bch2_dev_ref_complete,
+                           0, GFP_KERNEL) ||
+           percpu_ref_init(&ca->io_ref, bch2_dev_io_ref_complete,
+                           PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD, GFP_KERNEL) ||
+           !(ca->sb_read_scratch = (void *) __get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL)) ||
+           bch2_dev_buckets_alloc(c, ca) ||
+           bioset_init(&ca->replica_set, 4,
+                       offsetof(struct bch_write_bio, bio), 0) ||
+           !(ca->io_done       = alloc_percpu(*ca->io_done)))
+               goto err;
+
+       return ca;
+err:
+       bch2_dev_free(ca);
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static void bch2_dev_attach(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
+                           unsigned dev_idx)
+{
        ca->dev_idx = dev_idx;
        __set_bit(ca->dev_idx, ca->self.d);
+       scnprintf(ca->name, sizeof(ca->name), "dev-%u", dev_idx);
 
-       ca->copygc_write_point.type = BCH_DATA_USER;
+       ca->fs = c;
+       rcu_assign_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx], ca);
 
-       spin_lock_init(&ca->freelist_lock);
-       bch2_dev_moving_gc_init(ca);
+       if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(c, ca))
+               pr_warn("error creating sysfs objects");
+}
 
-       INIT_WORK(&ca->io_error_work, bch2_io_error_work);
+static int bch2_dev_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx)
+{
+       struct bch_member *member =
+               bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb)->members + dev_idx;
+       struct bch_dev *ca = NULL;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       pr_verbose_init(c->opts, "");
 
        if (bch2_fs_init_fault("dev_alloc"))
                goto err;
 
-       member = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb)->members + dev_idx;
+       ca = __bch2_dev_alloc(c, member);
+       if (!ca)
+               goto err;
+
+       bch2_dev_attach(c, ca, dev_idx);
+out:
+       pr_verbose_init(c->opts, "ret %i", ret);
+       return ret;
+err:
+       if (ca)
+               bch2_dev_free(ca);
+       ret = -ENOMEM;
+       goto out;
+}
 
-       ca->mi = bch2_mi_to_cpu(member);
-       ca->uuid = member->uuid;
-       scnprintf(ca->name, sizeof(ca->name), "dev-%u", dev_idx);
+static int __bch2_dev_attach_bdev(struct bch_dev *ca, struct bch_sb_handle *sb)
+{
+       unsigned ret;
 
-       /* XXX: tune these */
-       movinggc_reserve = max_t(size_t, 16, ca->mi.nbuckets >> 7);
-       reserve_none = max_t(size_t, 4, ca->mi.nbuckets >> 9);
-       /*
-        * free_inc must be smaller than the copygc reserve: if it was bigger,
-        * one copygc iteration might not make enough buckets available to fill
-        * up free_inc and allow the allocator to make forward progress
-        */
-       free_inc_reserve = movinggc_reserve / 2;
-       heap_size = movinggc_reserve * 8;
+       if (bch2_dev_is_online(ca)) {
+               bch_err(ca, "already have device online in slot %u",
+                       sb->sb->dev_idx);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       btree_node_reserve_buckets =
-               DIV_ROUND_UP(BTREE_NODE_RESERVE,
-                            ca->mi.bucket_size / c->opts.btree_node_size);
+       if (get_capacity(sb->bdev->bd_disk) <
+           ca->mi.bucket_size * ca->mi.nbuckets) {
+               bch_err(ca, "cannot online: device too small");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       if (percpu_ref_init(&ca->ref, bch2_dev_ref_release,
-                           0, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           percpu_ref_init(&ca->io_ref, bch2_dev_io_ref_release,
-                           PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_fifo(&ca->free[RESERVE_BTREE], btree_node_reserve_buckets,
-                      GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_fifo(&ca->free[RESERVE_MOVINGGC],
-                      movinggc_reserve, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_fifo(&ca->free[RESERVE_NONE], reserve_none, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_fifo(&ca->free_inc,   free_inc_reserve, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_heap(&ca->alloc_heap, free_inc_reserve, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !init_heap(&ca->copygc_heap,heap_size, GFP_KERNEL) ||
-           !(ca->oldest_gens   = kvpmalloc(ca->mi.nbuckets *
-                                           sizeof(u8),
-                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
-           !(ca->buckets       = kvpmalloc(ca->mi.nbuckets *
-                                           sizeof(struct bucket),
-                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
-           !(ca->bucket_dirty  = kvpmalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(ca->mi.nbuckets) *
-                                           sizeof(unsigned long),
-                                           GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO)) ||
-           !(ca->usage_percpu = alloc_percpu(struct bch_dev_usage)) ||
-           bioset_init(&ca->replica_set, 4,
-                       offsetof(struct bch_write_bio, bio)) ||
-           !(ca->io_done       = alloc_percpu(*ca->io_done)))
-               goto err;
+       BUG_ON(!percpu_ref_is_zero(&ca->io_ref));
 
-       total_reserve = ca->free_inc.size;
-       for (i = 0; i < RESERVE_NR; i++)
-               total_reserve += ca->free[i].size;
+       if (get_capacity(sb->bdev->bd_disk) <
+           ca->mi.bucket_size * ca->mi.nbuckets) {
+               bch_err(ca, "device too small");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
 
-       ca->copygc_write_point.group = &ca->self;
+       ret = bch2_dev_journal_init(ca, sb->sb);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
-       ca->fs = c;
-       rcu_assign_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx], ca);
+       /* Commit: */
+       ca->disk_sb = *sb;
+       if (sb->mode & FMODE_EXCL)
+               ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_holder = ca;
+       memset(sb, 0, sizeof(*sb));
 
-       if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(ca))
-               pr_warn("error creating sysfs objects");
+       percpu_ref_reinit(&ca->io_ref);
 
        return 0;
-err:
-       bch2_dev_free(ca);
-       return -ENOMEM;
 }
 
-static int __bch2_dev_online(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_sb_handle *sb)
+static int bch2_dev_attach_bdev(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_sb_handle *sb)
 {
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        int ret;
 
-       lockdep_assert_held(&c->sb_lock);
+       lockdep_assert_held(&c->state_lock);
 
        if (le64_to_cpu(sb->sb->seq) >
-           le64_to_cpu(c->disk_sb->seq))
+           le64_to_cpu(c->disk_sb.sb->seq))
                bch2_sb_to_fs(c, sb->sb);
 
        BUG_ON(sb->sb->dev_idx >= c->sb.nr_devices ||
               !c->devs[sb->sb->dev_idx]);
 
-       ca = c->devs[sb->sb->dev_idx];
-       if (ca->disk_sb.bdev) {
-               bch_err(c, "already have device online in slot %u",
-                       sb->sb->dev_idx);
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
+       ca = bch_dev_locked(c, sb->sb->dev_idx);
 
-       ret = bch2_dev_journal_init(ca, sb->sb);
+       ret = __bch2_dev_attach_bdev(ca, sb);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
 
-       /*
-        * Increase journal write timeout if flushes to this device are
-        * expensive:
-        */
-       if (!blk_queue_nonrot(bdev_get_queue(sb->bdev)) &&
-           journal_flushes_device(ca))
-               c->journal.write_delay_ms =
-                       max(c->journal.write_delay_ms, 1000U);
+       if (test_bit(BCH_FS_ALLOC_READ_DONE, &c->flags) &&
+           !percpu_u64_get(&ca->usage[0]->buckets[BCH_DATA_SB])) {
+               mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+               bch2_mark_dev_superblock(ca->fs, ca, 0);
+               mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+       }
 
-       /* Commit: */
-       ca->disk_sb = *sb;
-       if (sb->mode & FMODE_EXCL)
-               ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_holder = ca;
-       memset(sb, 0, sizeof(*sb));
+       bch2_dev_sysfs_online(c, ca);
 
        if (c->sb.nr_devices == 1)
                bdevname(ca->disk_sb.bdev, c->name);
        bdevname(ca->disk_sb.bdev, ca->name);
 
-       if (bch2_dev_sysfs_online(ca))
-               pr_warn("error creating sysfs objects");
-
-       lg_local_lock(&c->usage_lock);
-       if (!gc_will_visit(c, gc_phase(GC_PHASE_SB_METADATA)))
-               bch2_mark_dev_metadata(c, ca);
-       lg_local_unlock(&c->usage_lock);
-
-       if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW)
-               bch2_dev_allocator_add(c, ca);
-
-       percpu_ref_reinit(&ca->io_ref);
+       rebalance_wakeup(c);
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1272,7 +1287,8 @@ bool bch2_dev_state_allowed(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
                /* do we have enough devices to write to?  */
                for_each_member_device(ca2, c, i)
-                       nr_rw += ca2->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW;
+                       if (ca2 != ca)
+                               nr_rw += ca2->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW;
 
                required = max(!(flags & BCH_FORCE_IF_METADATA_DEGRADED)
                               ? c->opts.metadata_replicas
@@ -1281,7 +1297,7 @@ bool bch2_dev_state_allowed(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                               ? c->opts.data_replicas
                               : c->opts.data_replicas_required);
 
-               return nr_rw - 1 <= required;
+               return nr_rw >= required;
        case BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED:
        case BCH_MEMBER_STATE_SPARE:
                if (ca->mi.state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW &&
@@ -1294,7 +1310,7 @@ bool bch2_dev_state_allowed(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
                s = __bch2_replicas_status(c, new_online_devs);
 
-               return bch2_have_enough_devs(c, s, flags);
+               return bch2_have_enough_devs(s, flags);
        default:
                BUG();
        }
@@ -1304,41 +1320,46 @@ static bool bch2_fs_may_start(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
        struct replicas_status s;
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
+       struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned i, flags = c->opts.degraded
                ? BCH_FORCE_IF_DEGRADED
                : 0;
 
        if (!c->opts.degraded) {
                mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-               mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb);
+               mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
+
+               for (i = 0; i < c->disk_sb.sb->nr_devices; i++) {
+                       if (!bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb.sb, mi, i))
+                               continue;
 
-               for (i = 0; i < c->disk_sb->nr_devices; i++)
-                       if (bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb, mi, i) &&
-                           !bch2_dev_is_online(c->devs[i]) &&
-                           (c->devs[i]->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW ||
-                            c->devs[i]->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RO)) {
+                       ca = bch_dev_locked(c, i);
+
+                       if (!bch2_dev_is_online(ca) &&
+                           (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW ||
+                            ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RO)) {
                                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
                                return false;
                        }
+               }
                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
        }
 
        s = bch2_replicas_status(c);
 
-       return bch2_have_enough_devs(c, s, flags);
+       return bch2_have_enough_devs(s, flags);
 }
 
 static void __bch2_dev_read_only(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
 {
-       bch2_moving_gc_stop(ca);
+       bch2_copygc_stop(ca);
 
        /*
-        * This stops new data writes (e.g. to existing open data
-        * buckets) and then waits for all existing writes to
-        * complete.
+        * The allocator thread itself allocates btree nodes, so stop it first:
         */
        bch2_dev_allocator_stop(ca);
        bch2_dev_allocator_remove(c, ca);
+       bch2_dev_journal_stop(&c->journal, ca);
 }
 
 static const char *__bch2_dev_read_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
@@ -1353,11 +1374,8 @@ static const char *__bch2_dev_read_write(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
        if (bch2_dev_allocator_start(ca))
                return "error starting allocator thread";
 
-       if (bch2_moving_gc_start(ca))
-               return "error starting moving GC thread";
-
-       if (bch2_tiering_start(c))
-               return "error starting tiering thread";
+       if (bch2_copygc_start(c, ca))
+               return "error starting copygc thread";
 
        return NULL;
 }
@@ -1366,6 +1384,7 @@ int __bch2_dev_set_state(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
                         enum bch_member_state new_state, int flags)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
+       int ret = 0;
 
        if (ca->mi.state == new_state)
                return 0;
@@ -1373,22 +1392,24 @@ int __bch2_dev_set_state(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
        if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, new_state, flags))
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       if (new_state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
-               if (__bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca))
-                       return -ENOMEM;
-       } else {
+       if (new_state != BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW)
                __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);
-       }
 
        bch_notice(ca, "%s", bch2_dev_state[new_state]);
 
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb);
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        SET_BCH_MEMBER_STATE(&mi->members[ca->dev_idx], new_state);
        bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
-       return 0;
+       if (new_state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW &&
+           __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca))
+               ret = -ENOMEM;
+
+       rebalance_wakeup(c);
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
 int bch2_dev_set_state(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
@@ -1396,56 +1417,120 @@ int bch2_dev_set_state(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 {
        int ret;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
        ret = __bch2_dev_set_state(c, ca, new_state, flags);
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
 
        return ret;
 }
 
 /* Device add/removal: */
 
+int bch2_dev_remove_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
+{
+       struct btree_trans trans;
+       size_t i;
+       int ret;
+
+       bch2_trans_init(&trans, c, 0, 0);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ca->mi.nbuckets; i++) {
+               ret = bch2_btree_key_cache_flush(&trans,
+                               BTREE_ID_ALLOC, POS(ca->dev_idx, i));
+               if (ret)
+                       break;
+       }
+       bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
+
+       return bch2_btree_delete_range(c, BTREE_ID_ALLOC,
+                                      POS(ca->dev_idx, 0),
+                                      POS(ca->dev_idx + 1, 0),
+                                      NULL);
+}
+
 int bch2_dev_remove(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, int flags)
 {
        struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        unsigned dev_idx = ca->dev_idx, data;
        int ret = -EINVAL;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
 
-       percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref); /* XXX */
+       /*
+        * We consume a reference to ca->ref, regardless of whether we succeed
+        * or fail:
+        */
+       percpu_ref_put(&ca->ref);
 
-       if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Cannot remove RW device");
+       if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED, flags)) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Cannot remove without losing data");
                goto err;
        }
 
-       if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED, flags)) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Cannot remove without losing data");
+       __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);
+
+       ret = bch2_dev_data_drop(c, ca->dev_idx, flags);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed: error %i dropping data", ret);
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       ret = bch2_journal_flush_device_pins(&c->journal, ca->dev_idx);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed: error %i flushing journal", ret);
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       ret = bch2_dev_remove_alloc(c, ca);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, error deleting alloc info");
                goto err;
        }
 
        /*
-        * XXX: verify that dev_idx is really not in use anymore, anywhere
-        *
-        * flag_data_bad() does not check btree pointers
+        * must flush all existing journal entries, they might have
+        * (overwritten) keys that point to the device we're removing:
+        */
+       bch2_journal_flush_all_pins(&c->journal);
+       /*
+        * hack to ensure bch2_replicas_gc2() clears out entries to this device
         */
-       ret = bch2_flag_data_bad(ca);
+       bch2_journal_meta(&c->journal);
+       ret = bch2_journal_error(&c->journal);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, journal error");
+               goto err;
+       }
+
+       ret = bch2_replicas_gc2(c);
        if (ret) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed");
+               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed: error %i from replicas gc", ret);
                goto err;
        }
 
        data = bch2_dev_has_data(c, ca);
        if (data) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, still has data (%x)", data);
+               char data_has_str[100];
+
+               bch2_flags_to_text(&PBUF(data_has_str),
+                                  bch2_data_types, data);
+               bch_err(ca, "Remove failed, still has data (%s)", data_has_str);
+               ret = -EBUSY;
                goto err;
        }
 
-       bch2_journal_meta(&c->journal);
+       __bch2_dev_offline(c, ca);
+
+       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+       rcu_assign_pointer(c->devs[ca->dev_idx], NULL);
+       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+
+       percpu_ref_kill(&ca->ref);
+       wait_for_completion(&ca->ref_completion);
 
-       __bch2_dev_offline(ca);
-       bch2_dev_stop(ca);
        bch2_dev_free(ca);
 
        /*
@@ -1453,59 +1538,117 @@ int bch2_dev_remove(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, int flags)
         * this device must be gone:
         */
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb);
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        memset(&mi->members[dev_idx].uuid, 0, sizeof(mi->members[dev_idx].uuid));
 
        bch2_write_super(c);
 
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
 err:
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW &&
+           !percpu_ref_is_zero(&ca->io_ref))
+               __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return ret;
 }
 
+static void dev_usage_clear(struct bch_dev *ca)
+{
+       struct bucket_array *buckets;
+
+       percpu_memset(ca->usage[0], 0, sizeof(*ca->usage[0]));
+
+       down_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
+       buckets = bucket_array(ca);
+
+       memset(buckets->b, 0, sizeof(buckets->b[0]) * buckets->nbuckets);
+       up_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
+}
+
 /* Add new device to running filesystem: */
 int bch2_dev_add(struct bch_fs *c, const char *path)
 {
+       struct bch_opts opts = bch2_opts_empty();
        struct bch_sb_handle sb;
        const char *err;
        struct bch_dev *ca = NULL;
-       struct bch_sb_field_members *mi, *dev_mi;
-       struct bch_member saved_mi;
+       struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
+       struct bch_member dev_mi;
        unsigned dev_idx, nr_devices, u64s;
-       int ret = -EINVAL;
+       int ret;
 
-       err = bch2_read_super(path, bch2_opts_empty(), &sb);
-       if (err)
-               return -EINVAL;
+       ret = bch2_read_super(path, &opts, &sb);
+       if (ret)
+               return ret;
 
        err = bch2_sb_validate(&sb);
        if (err)
                return -EINVAL;
 
+       dev_mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb.sb)->members[sb.sb->dev_idx];
+
        err = bch2_dev_may_add(sb.sb, c);
        if (err)
                return -EINVAL;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
-       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+       ca = __bch2_dev_alloc(c, &dev_mi);
+       if (!ca) {
+               bch2_free_super(&sb);
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+
+       ret = __bch2_dev_attach_bdev(ca, &sb);
+       if (ret) {
+               bch2_dev_free(ca);
+               return ret;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * Preserve the old cache member information (esp. tier)
-        * before we start bashing the disk stuff.
+        * We want to allocate journal on the new device before adding the new
+        * device to the filesystem because allocating after we attach requires
+        * spinning up the allocator thread, and the allocator thread requires
+        * doing btree writes, which if the existing devices are RO isn't going
+        * to work
+        *
+        * So we have to mark where the superblocks are, but marking allocated
+        * data normally updates the filesystem usage too, so we have to mark,
+        * allocate the journal, reset all the marks, then remark after we
+        * attach...
         */
-       dev_mi = bch2_sb_get_members(sb.sb);
-       saved_mi = dev_mi->members[sb.sb->dev_idx];
-       saved_mi.last_mount = cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_seconds());
+       bch2_mark_dev_superblock(ca->fs, ca, 0);
+
+       err = "journal alloc failed";
+       ret = bch2_dev_journal_alloc(ca);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err;
+
+       dev_usage_clear(ca);
+
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
+       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+
+       err = "insufficient space in new superblock";
+       ret = bch2_sb_from_fs(c, ca);
+       if (ret)
+               goto err_unlock;
+
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(ca->disk_sb.sb);
+
+       if (!bch2_sb_resize_members(&ca->disk_sb,
+                               le32_to_cpu(mi->field.u64s) +
+                               sizeof(dev_mi) / sizeof(u64))) {
+               ret = -ENOSPC;
+               goto err_unlock;
+       }
 
        if (dynamic_fault("bcachefs:add:no_slot"))
                goto no_slot;
 
-       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb);
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
        for (dev_idx = 0; dev_idx < BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX; dev_idx++)
-               if (!bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb, mi, dev_idx))
+               if (!bch2_dev_exists(c->disk_sb.sb, mi, dev_idx))
                        goto have_slot;
 no_slot:
        err = "no slots available in superblock";
@@ -1516,105 +1659,101 @@ have_slot:
        nr_devices = max_t(unsigned, dev_idx + 1, c->sb.nr_devices);
        u64s = (sizeof(struct bch_sb_field_members) +
                sizeof(struct bch_member) * nr_devices) / sizeof(u64);
+
        err = "no space in superblock for member info";
+       ret = -ENOSPC;
 
-       mi = bch2_fs_sb_resize_members(c, u64s);
+       mi = bch2_sb_resize_members(&c->disk_sb, u64s);
        if (!mi)
                goto err_unlock;
 
-       dev_mi = bch2_sb_resize_members(&sb, u64s);
-       if (!dev_mi)
-               goto err_unlock;
-
-       memcpy(dev_mi, mi, u64s * sizeof(u64));
-       dev_mi->members[dev_idx] = saved_mi;
-
-       sb.sb->uuid             = c->disk_sb->uuid;
-       sb.sb->dev_idx          = dev_idx;
-       sb.sb->nr_devices       = nr_devices;
+       /* success: */
 
-       /* commit new member info */
-       memcpy(mi, dev_mi, u64s * sizeof(u64));
-       c->disk_sb->nr_devices  = nr_devices;
-       c->sb.nr_devices        = nr_devices;
+       mi->members[dev_idx] = dev_mi;
+       mi->members[dev_idx].last_mount = cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds());
+       c->disk_sb.sb->nr_devices       = nr_devices;
 
-       if (bch2_dev_alloc(c, dev_idx)) {
-               err = "cannot allocate memory";
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto err_unlock;
-       }
+       ca->disk_sb.sb->dev_idx = dev_idx;
+       bch2_dev_attach(c, ca, dev_idx);
 
-       if (__bch2_dev_online(c, &sb)) {
-               err = "bch2_dev_online() error";
-               ret = -ENOMEM;
-               goto err_unlock;
-       }
+       bch2_mark_dev_superblock(c, ca, 0);
 
        bch2_write_super(c);
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
-       ca = c->devs[dev_idx];
        if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
-               err = "journal alloc failed";
-               if (bch2_dev_journal_alloc(ca))
-                       goto err;
-
                err = __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca);
                if (err)
-                       goto err;
+                       goto err_late;
        }
 
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
+
 err_unlock:
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
 err:
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       if (ca)
+               bch2_dev_free(ca);
        bch2_free_super(&sb);
-
        bch_err(c, "Unable to add device: %s", err);
-       return ret ?: -EINVAL;
+       return ret;
+err_late:
+       bch_err(c, "Error going rw after adding device: %s", err);
+       return -EINVAL;
 }
 
 /* Hot add existing device to running filesystem: */
 int bch2_dev_online(struct bch_fs *c, const char *path)
 {
-       struct bch_sb_handle sb = { 0 };
+       struct bch_opts opts = bch2_opts_empty();
+       struct bch_sb_handle sb = { NULL };
+       struct bch_sb_field_members *mi;
        struct bch_dev *ca;
        unsigned dev_idx;
        const char *err;
+       int ret;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
 
-       err = bch2_read_super(path, bch2_opts_empty(), &sb);
-       if (err)
-               goto err;
+       ret = bch2_read_super(path, &opts, &sb);
+       if (ret) {
+               up_write(&c->state_lock);
+               return ret;
+       }
 
        dev_idx = sb.sb->dev_idx;
 
-       err = bch2_dev_in_fs(c->disk_sb, sb.sb);
+       err = bch2_dev_in_fs(c->disk_sb.sb, sb.sb);
        if (err)
                goto err;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-       if (__bch2_dev_online(c, &sb)) {
-               err = "__bch2_dev_online() error";
-               mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+       if (bch2_dev_attach_bdev(c, &sb)) {
+               err = "bch2_dev_attach_bdev() error";
                goto err;
        }
-       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
-       ca = c->devs[dev_idx];
+       ca = bch_dev_locked(c, dev_idx);
        if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
                err = __bch2_dev_read_write(c, ca);
                if (err)
                        goto err;
        }
 
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+       mi = bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb);
+
+       mi->members[ca->dev_idx].last_mount =
+               cpu_to_le64(ktime_get_real_seconds());
+
+       bch2_write_super(c);
+       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
 err:
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
        bch2_free_super(&sb);
        bch_err(c, "error bringing %s online: %s", path, err);
        return -EINVAL;
@@ -1622,86 +1761,122 @@ err:
 
 int bch2_dev_offline(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, int flags)
 {
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
+
+       if (!bch2_dev_is_online(ca)) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Already offline");
+               up_write(&c->state_lock);
+               return 0;
+       }
 
        if (!bch2_dev_state_allowed(c, ca, BCH_MEMBER_STATE_FAILED, flags)) {
                bch_err(ca, "Cannot offline required disk");
-               mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+               up_write(&c->state_lock);
                return -EINVAL;
        }
 
-       __bch2_dev_read_only(c, ca);
-       __bch2_dev_offline(ca);
+       __bch2_dev_offline(c, ca);
 
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
        return 0;
 }
 
-int bch2_dev_evacuate(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca)
+int bch2_dev_resize(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, u64 nbuckets)
 {
-       unsigned data;
-       int ret;
+       struct bch_member *mi;
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       mutex_lock(&c->state_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
 
-       if (ca->mi.state == BCH_MEMBER_STATE_RW) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Cannot migrate data off RW device");
-               mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
-               return -EINVAL;
+       if (nbuckets < ca->mi.nbuckets) {
+               bch_err(ca, "Cannot shrink yet");
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       mutex_unlock(&c->state_lock);
-
-       ret = bch2_move_data_off_device(ca);
-       if (ret) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Error migrating data: %i", ret);
-               return ret;
+       if (bch2_dev_is_online(ca) &&
+           get_capacity(ca->disk_sb.bdev->bd_disk) <
+           ca->mi.bucket_size * nbuckets) {
+               bch_err(ca, "New size larger than device");
+               ret = -EINVAL;
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       ret = bch2_move_metadata_off_device(ca);
+       ret = bch2_dev_buckets_resize(c, ca, nbuckets);
        if (ret) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Error migrating metadata: %i", ret);
-               return ret;
+               bch_err(ca, "Resize error: %i", ret);
+               goto err;
        }
 
-       data = bch2_dev_has_data(c, ca);
-       if (data) {
-               bch_err(ca, "Migrate error: data still present (%x)", data);
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
+       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+       mi = &bch2_sb_get_members(c->disk_sb.sb)->members[ca->dev_idx];
+       mi->nbuckets = cpu_to_le64(nbuckets);
 
-       return 0;
+       bch2_write_super(c);
+       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+
+       bch2_recalc_capacity(c);
+err:
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+/* return with ref on ca->ref: */
+struct bch_dev *bch2_dev_lookup(struct bch_fs *c, const char *path)
+{
+
+       struct block_device *bdev = lookup_bdev(path);
+       struct bch_dev *ca;
+       unsigned i;
+
+       if (IS_ERR(bdev))
+               return ERR_CAST(bdev);
+
+       for_each_member_device(ca, c, i)
+               if (ca->disk_sb.bdev == bdev)
+                       goto found;
+
+       ca = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+found:
+       bdput(bdev);
+       return ca;
 }
 
 /* Filesystem open: */
 
-const char *bch2_fs_open(char * const *devices, unsigned nr_devices,
-                        struct bch_opts opts, struct bch_fs **ret)
+struct bch_fs *bch2_fs_open(char * const *devices, unsigned nr_devices,
+                           struct bch_opts opts)
 {
-       const char *err;
+       struct bch_sb_handle *sb = NULL;
        struct bch_fs *c = NULL;
-       struct bch_sb_handle *sb;
        unsigned i, best_sb = 0;
+       const char *err;
+       int ret = -ENOMEM;
+
+       pr_verbose_init(opts, "");
 
-       if (!nr_devices)
-               return "need at least one device";
+       if (!nr_devices) {
+               c = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+               goto out2;
+       }
 
-       if (!try_module_get(THIS_MODULE))
-               return "module unloading";
+       if (!try_module_get(THIS_MODULE)) {
+               c = ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+               goto out2;
+       }
 
-       err = "cannot allocate memory";
        sb = kcalloc(nr_devices, sizeof(*sb), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!sb)
                goto err;
 
        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++) {
-               err = bch2_read_super(devices[i], opts, &sb[i]);
-               if (err)
+               ret = bch2_read_super(devices[i], &opts, &sb[i]);
+               if (ret)
                        goto err;
 
                err = bch2_sb_validate(&sb[i]);
                if (err)
-                       goto err;
+                       goto err_print;
        }
 
        for (i = 1; i < nr_devices; i++)
@@ -1712,55 +1887,48 @@ const char *bch2_fs_open(char * const *devices, unsigned nr_devices,
        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++) {
                err = bch2_dev_in_fs(sb[best_sb].sb, sb[i].sb);
                if (err)
-                       goto err;
+                       goto err_print;
        }
 
-       err = "cannot allocate memory";
+       ret = -ENOMEM;
        c = bch2_fs_alloc(sb[best_sb].sb, opts);
        if (!c)
                goto err;
 
        err = "bch2_dev_online() error";
-       mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
+       down_write(&c->state_lock);
        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++)
-               if (__bch2_dev_online(c, &sb[i])) {
-                       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
-                       goto err;
+               if (bch2_dev_attach_bdev(c, &sb[i])) {
+                       up_write(&c->state_lock);
+                       goto err_print;
                }
-       mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
+       up_write(&c->state_lock);
 
        err = "insufficient devices";
        if (!bch2_fs_may_start(c))
-               goto err;
+               goto err_print;
 
        if (!c->opts.nostart) {
-               err = __bch2_fs_start(c);
-               if (err)
+               ret = bch2_fs_start(c);
+               if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }
-
-       err = bch2_fs_online(c);
-       if (err)
-               goto err;
-
-       if (ret)
-               *ret = c;
-       else
-               closure_put(&c->cl);
-
-       err = NULL;
 out:
        kfree(sb);
        module_put(THIS_MODULE);
-       if (err)
-               c = NULL;
-       return err;
+out2:
+       pr_verbose_init(opts, "ret %i", PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(c));
+       return c;
+err_print:
+       pr_err("bch_fs_open err opening %s: %s",
+              devices[0], err);
+       ret = -EINVAL;
 err:
        if (c)
                bch2_fs_stop(c);
-
        for (i = 0; i < nr_devices; i++)
                bch2_free_super(&sb[i]);
+       c = ERR_PTR(ret);
        goto out;
 }
 
@@ -1770,6 +1938,7 @@ static const char *__bch2_fs_open_incremental(struct bch_sb_handle *sb,
        const char *err;
        struct bch_fs *c;
        bool allocated_fs = false;
+       int ret;
 
        err = bch2_sb_validate(sb);
        if (err)
@@ -1780,7 +1949,7 @@ static const char *__bch2_fs_open_incremental(struct bch_sb_handle *sb,
        if (c) {
                closure_get(&c->cl);
 
-               err = bch2_dev_in_fs(c->disk_sb, sb->sb);
+               err = bch2_dev_in_fs(c->disk_sb.sb, sb->sb);
                if (err)
                        goto err;
        } else {
@@ -1795,22 +1964,19 @@ static const char *__bch2_fs_open_incremental(struct bch_sb_handle *sb,
        err = "bch2_dev_online() error";
 
        mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
-       if (__bch2_dev_online(c, sb)) {
+       if (bch2_dev_attach_bdev(c, sb)) {
                mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
                goto err;
        }
        mutex_unlock(&c->sb_lock);
 
        if (!c->opts.nostart && bch2_fs_may_start(c)) {
-               err = __bch2_fs_start(c);
-               if (err)
+               err = "error starting filesystem";
+               ret = bch2_fs_start(c);
+               if (ret)
                        goto err;
        }
 
-       err = __bch2_fs_online(c);
-       if (err)
-               goto err;
-
        closure_put(&c->cl);
        mutex_unlock(&bch_fs_list_lock);
 
@@ -1832,9 +1998,8 @@ const char *bch2_fs_open_incremental(const char *path)
        struct bch_opts opts = bch2_opts_empty();
        const char *err;
 
-       err = bch2_read_super(path, opts, &sb);
-       if (err)
-               return err;
+       if (bch2_read_super(path, &opts, &sb))
+               return "error reading superblock";
 
        err = __bch2_fs_open_incremental(&sb, opts);
        bch2_free_super(&sb);