/*****************************************************************************
* directx.c: Windows DirectX audio output method
*****************************************************************************
- * Copyright (C) 2001 the VideoLAN team
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2009 the VideoLAN team
* $Id$
*
* Authors: Gildas Bazin <gbazin@videolan.org>
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
*****************************************************************************/
/*****************************************************************************
#include <vlc_common.h>
#include <vlc_plugin.h>
#include <vlc_aout.h>
+#include <vlc_charset.h>
+
+#include "windows_audio_common.h"
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <dsound.h>
#define FRAME_SIZE ((int)p_aout->output.output.i_rate/20) /* Size in samples */
-#define FRAMES_NUM 8 /* Needs to be > 3 */
-
-/*****************************************************************************
- * DirectSound GUIDs.
- * Defining them here allows us to get rid of the dxguid library during
- * the linking stage.
- *****************************************************************************/
-#include <initguid.h>
-
-/*****************************************************************************
- * Useful macros
- *****************************************************************************/
-#ifndef WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT
-# define WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT 0x0003
-#endif
-
-#ifndef WAVE_FORMAT_DOLBY_AC3_SPDIF
-# define WAVE_FORMAT_DOLBY_AC3_SPDIF 0x0092
-#endif
-
-#ifndef WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE
-#define WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE 0xFFFE
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT
-# define SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT 0x1
-# define SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT 0x2
-# define SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER 0x4
-# define SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY 0x8
-# define SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT 0x10
-# define SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT 0x20
-# define SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER 0x40
-# define SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER 0x80
-# define SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER 0x100
-# define SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT 0x200
-# define SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT 0x400
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER 0x800
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT 0x1000
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER 0x2000
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT 0x4000
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT 0x8000
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER 0x10000
-# define SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT 0x20000
-# define SPEAKER_RESERVED 0x80000000
-#endif
-
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_DSSPEAKER_DIRECTOUT
-# define DSSPEAKER_DSSPEAKER_DIRECTOUT 0x00000000
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_HEADPHONE
-# define DSSPEAKER_HEADPHONE 0x00000001
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_MONO
-# define DSSPEAKER_MONO 0x00000002
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_QUAD
-# define DSSPEAKER_QUAD 0x00000003
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_STEREO
-# define DSSPEAKER_STEREO 0x00000004
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_SURROUND
-# define DSSPEAKER_SURROUND 0x00000005
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_5POINT1
-# define DSSPEAKER_5POINT1 0x00000006
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_7POINT1
-# define DSSPEAKER_7POINT1 0x00000007
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_7POINT1_SURROUND
-# define DSSPEAKER_7POINT1_SURROUND 0x00000008
-#endif
-#ifndef DSSPEAKER_7POINT1_WIDE
-# define DSSPEAKER_7POINT1_WIDE DSSPEAKER_7POINT1
-#endif
-
-#ifndef _WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE_
-typedef struct {
- WAVEFORMATEX Format;
- union {
- WORD wValidBitsPerSample; /* bits of precision */
- WORD wSamplesPerBlock; /* valid if wBitsPerSample==0 */
- WORD wReserved; /* If neither applies, set to zero. */
- } Samples;
- DWORD dwChannelMask; /* which channels are */
- /* present in stream */
- GUID SubFormat;
-} WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE, *PWAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE;
-#endif
-
-DEFINE_GUID( _KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT, WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT, 0x0000, 0x0010, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71 );
-DEFINE_GUID( _KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM, WAVE_FORMAT_PCM, 0x0000, 0x0010, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71 );
-DEFINE_GUID( _KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_DOLBY_AC3_SPDIF, WAVE_FORMAT_DOLBY_AC3_SPDIF, 0x0000, 0x0010, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71 );
/*****************************************************************************
* notification_thread_t: DirectX event thread
{
HINSTANCE hdsound_dll; /* handle of the opened dsound dll */
- int i_device_id; /* user defined device */
+ char * psz_device; /* user defined device name */
LPGUID p_device_guid;
LPDIRECTSOUND p_dsobject; /* main Direct Sound object */
notification_thread_t *p_notif; /* DirectSoundThread id */
- int b_playing; /* playing status */
+ int b_playing; /* playing status */
- int i_frame_size; /* Size in bytes of one frame */
+ int i_frame_size; /* Size in bytes of one frame */
- int i_speaker_setup; /* Speaker setup override */
+ int i_speaker_setup; /* Speaker setup override */
- bool b_chan_reorder; /* do we need channel reordering */
- int pi_chan_table[AOUT_CHAN_MAX];
+ bool b_chan_reorder; /* do we need channel reordering */
+ int pi_chan_table[AOUT_CHAN_MAX];
uint32_t i_channel_mask;
uint32_t i_bits_per_sample;
uint32_t i_channels;
};
-static const uint32_t pi_channels_src[] =
- { AOUT_CHAN_LEFT, AOUT_CHAN_RIGHT,
- AOUT_CHAN_MIDDLELEFT, AOUT_CHAN_MIDDLERIGHT,
- AOUT_CHAN_REARLEFT, AOUT_CHAN_REARRIGHT, AOUT_CHAN_REARCENTER,
- AOUT_CHAN_CENTER, AOUT_CHAN_LFE, 0 };
-static const uint32_t pi_channels_in[] =
- { SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT, SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT,
- SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT, SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT,
- SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT, SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT, SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER,
- SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER, SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY, 0 };
-static const uint32_t pi_channels_out[] =
- { SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT, SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT,
- SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER, SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY,
- SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT, SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT,
- SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER,
- SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT, SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT, 0 };
-
/*****************************************************************************
* Local prototypes.
*****************************************************************************/
static void Probe ( aout_instance_t * );
static int InitDirectSound ( aout_instance_t * );
static int CreateDSBuffer ( aout_instance_t *, int, int, int, int, int, bool );
-static int CreateDSBufferPCM ( aout_instance_t *, int*, int, int, int, bool );
+static int CreateDSBufferPCM ( aout_instance_t *, vlc_fourcc_t*, int, int, int, bool );
static void DestroyDSBuffer ( aout_instance_t * );
static void* DirectSoundThread( vlc_object_t * );
static int FillBuffer ( aout_instance_t *, int, aout_buffer_t * );
+static int ReloadDirectXDevices( vlc_object_t *, char const *,
+ vlc_value_t, vlc_value_t, void * );
+
/* Speaker setup override options list */
static const char *const speaker_list[] = { "Windows default", "Mono", "Stereo",
"Quad", "5.1", "7.1" };
+static const char *const ppsz_adev[] = {"default", };
+static const char *const ppsz_adev_text[] = {"default", };
/*****************************************************************************
* Module descriptor
*****************************************************************************/
#define DEVICE_TEXT N_("Output device")
-#define DEVICE_LONGTEXT N_( \
- "DirectX device number: 0 default device, 1..N device by number" \
- "(Note that the default device appears as 0 AND another number)." )
-#define FLOAT_TEXT N_("Use float32 output")
-#define FLOAT_LONGTEXT N_( \
- "The option allows you to enable or disable the high-quality float32 " \
- "audio output mode (which is not well supported by some soundcards)." )
-#define SPEAKER_TEXT N_("Select speaker configuration")
+#define DEVICE_LONGTEXT N_("Select your audio output device")
+
+#define SPEAKER_TEXT N_("Speaker configuration")
#define SPEAKER_LONGTEXT N_("Select speaker configuration you want to use. " \
"This option doesn't upmix! So NO e.g. Stereo -> 5.1 conversion." )
set_capability( "audio output", 100 )
set_category( CAT_AUDIO )
set_subcategory( SUBCAT_AUDIO_AOUT )
- add_shortcut( "directx" )
- add_integer( "directx-audio-device", 0, NULL, DEVICE_TEXT,
- DEVICE_LONGTEXT, true )
- add_bool( "directx-audio-float32", 0, 0, FLOAT_TEXT,
+ add_shortcut( "directx", "directsound" )
+
+ add_string( "directx-audio-device-name", "default", NULL,
+ DEVICE_TEXT, DEVICE_LONGTEXT, false )
+ add_deprecated_alias( "directx-audio-device" ) /* Since 1.1.0 */
+ change_string_list( ppsz_adev, ppsz_adev_text, ReloadDirectXDevices )
+ change_action_add( ReloadDirectXDevices, N_("Refresh list") )
+ change_need_restart ()
+ add_bool( "directx-audio-float32", false, NULL, FLOAT_TEXT,
FLOAT_LONGTEXT, true )
add_string( "directx-audio-speaker", "Windows default", NULL,
SPEAKER_TEXT, SPEAKER_LONGTEXT, true )
change_string_list( speaker_list, 0, 0 )
change_need_restart ()
+
set_callbacks( OpenAudio, CloseAudio )
vlc_module_end ()
const char * const * ppsz_compare = speaker_list;
- msg_Dbg( p_aout, "OpenAudio" );
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "Opening DirectSound Audio Output" );
/* Allocate structure */
p_aout->output.p_sys = malloc( sizeof( aout_sys_t ) );
if ( *ppsz_compare == NULL )
{
- msg_Err( p_aout, "(%s) isn't valid speaker setup option",
- psz_speaker );
+ msg_Err( p_aout, "(%s) isn't valid speaker setup option", psz_speaker );
msg_Err( p_aout, "Defaulting to Windows default speaker config");
i = 0;
}
free( psz_speaker );
p_aout->output.p_sys->i_speaker_setup = i;
- p_aout->output.p_sys->i_device_id = var_CreateGetInteger( p_aout,
- "directx-audio-device" );
p_aout->output.p_sys->p_device_guid = 0;
/* Initialise DirectSound */
static void Probe( aout_instance_t * p_aout )
{
vlc_value_t val, text;
- int i_format;
+ vlc_fourcc_t i_format;
unsigned int i_physical_channels;
DWORD ui_speaker_config;
bool is_default_output_set = false;
text.psz_string = _("A/52 over S/PDIF");
var_Change( p_aout, "audio-device",
VLC_VAR_ADDCHOICE, &val, &text );
- if( config_GetInt( p_aout, "spdif" ) )
+ if( var_InheritBool( p_aout, "spdif" ) )
var_Set( p_aout, "audio-device", val );
}
}
if( !p_aout->output.p_sys->b_playing )
{
aout_buffer_t *p_buffer;
- int i;
p_aout->output.p_sys->b_playing = 1;
aout_FifoFirstDate( p_aout, &p_aout->output.fifo );
/* fill in the first samples */
- for( i = 0; i < FRAMES_NUM; i++ )
+ for( int i = 0; i < FRAMES_NUM; i++ )
{
p_buffer = aout_FifoPop( p_aout, &p_aout->output.fifo );
if( !p_buffer ) break;
/* kill the position notification thread, if any */
if( p_sys->p_notif )
{
- vlc_object_detach( p_sys->p_notif );
vlc_object_kill( p_sys->p_notif );
/* wake up the audio thread if needed */
if( !p_sys->b_playing ) SetEvent( p_sys->p_notif->event );
/*****************************************************************************
* CallBackDirectSoundEnum: callback to enumerate available devices
*****************************************************************************/
-static int CALLBACK CallBackDirectSoundEnum( LPGUID p_guid, LPCSTR psz_desc,
- LPCSTR psz_mod, LPVOID _p_aout )
+static int CALLBACK CallBackDirectSoundEnum( LPGUID p_guid, LPCWSTR psz_desc,
+ LPCWSTR psz_mod, LPVOID _p_aout )
{
+ VLC_UNUSED( psz_mod );
+
aout_instance_t *p_aout = (aout_instance_t *)_p_aout;
- msg_Dbg( p_aout, "found device: %s", psz_desc );
+ char *psz_device = FromWide( psz_desc );
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "found device: %s", psz_device );
- if( p_aout->output.p_sys->i_device_id == 0 && p_guid )
+ if( p_aout->output.p_sys->psz_device &&
+ !strcmp(p_aout->output.p_sys->psz_device, psz_device) && p_guid )
{
+ /* Use the device corresponding to psz_device */
p_aout->output.p_sys->p_device_guid = malloc( sizeof( GUID ) );
*p_aout->output.p_sys->p_device_guid = *p_guid;
- msg_Dbg( p_aout, "using device: %s", psz_desc );
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "using device: %s", psz_device );
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* If no default device has been selected, chose the first one */
+ if( !p_aout->output.p_sys->psz_device && p_guid )
+ {
+ p_aout->output.p_sys->psz_device = strdup( psz_device );
+ p_aout->output.p_sys->p_device_guid = malloc( sizeof( GUID ) );
+ *p_aout->output.p_sys->p_device_guid = *p_guid;
+ msg_Dbg( p_aout, "using device: %s", psz_device );
+ }
}
- p_aout->output.p_sys->i_device_id--;
- return 1;
+ free( psz_device );
+ return true;
}
/*****************************************************************************
static int InitDirectSound( aout_instance_t *p_aout )
{
HRESULT (WINAPI *OurDirectSoundCreate)(LPGUID, LPDIRECTSOUND *, LPUNKNOWN);
- HRESULT (WINAPI *OurDirectSoundEnumerate)(LPDSENUMCALLBACK, LPVOID);
+ HRESULT (WINAPI *OurDirectSoundEnumerate)(LPDSENUMCALLBACKW, LPVOID);
p_aout->output.p_sys->hdsound_dll = LoadLibrary("DSOUND.DLL");
if( p_aout->output.p_sys->hdsound_dll == NULL )
/* Get DirectSoundEnumerate */
OurDirectSoundEnumerate = (void *)
GetProcAddress( p_aout->output.p_sys->hdsound_dll,
- "DirectSoundEnumerateA" );
+ "DirectSoundEnumerateW" );
if( OurDirectSoundEnumerate )
{
+ p_aout->output.p_sys->psz_device = var_InheritString(p_aout, "directx-audio-device-name");
/* Attempt enumeration */
if( FAILED( OurDirectSoundEnumerate( CallBackDirectSoundEnum,
p_aout ) ) )
* We first try to create a WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT buffer if supported by
* the hardware, otherwise we create a WAVE_FORMAT_PCM buffer.
****************************************************************************/
-static int CreateDSBufferPCM( aout_instance_t *p_aout, int *i_format,
+static int CreateDSBufferPCM( aout_instance_t *p_aout, vlc_fourcc_t *i_format,
int i_channels, int i_nb_channels, int i_rate,
bool b_probe )
{
notification_thread_t *p_notif = p_aout->output.p_sys->p_notif;
aout_sys_t *p_sys = p_aout->output.p_sys;
void *p_write_position, *p_wrap_around;
- long l_bytes1, l_bytes2;
+ unsigned long l_bytes1, l_bytes2;
HRESULT dsresult;
/* Before copying anything, we have to lock the buffer */
p_notif->i_frame_size, /* Number of bytes */
&p_write_position, /* Address of lock start */
&l_bytes1, /* Count of bytes locked before wrap around */
- &p_wrap_around, /* Buffer adress (if wrap around) */
+ &p_wrap_around, /* Buffer address (if wrap around) */
&l_bytes2, /* Count of bytes after wrap around */
0 ); /* Flags */
if( dsresult == DSERR_BUFFERLOST )
if( p_sys->b_chan_reorder )
{
/* Do the channel reordering here */
- aout_ChannelReorder( p_buffer->p_buffer, p_buffer->i_nb_bytes,
+ aout_ChannelReorder( p_buffer->p_buffer, p_buffer->i_buffer,
p_sys->i_channels, p_sys->pi_chan_table,
p_sys->i_bits_per_sample );
}
{
notification_thread_t *p_notif = (notification_thread_t*)p_this;
aout_instance_t *p_aout = p_notif->p_aout;
- bool b_sleek;
mtime_t last_time;
- HRESULT dsresult;
- long l_queued = 0;
int canc = vlc_savecancel ();
/* We don't want any resampling when using S/PDIF output */
- b_sleek = p_aout->output.output.i_format == VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL;
+ bool b_sleek = (p_aout->output.output.i_format == VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL);
msg_Dbg( p_notif, "DirectSoundThread ready" );
if( vlc_object_alive (p_notif) )
{
+ HRESULT dsresult;
mwait( p_notif->start_date - AOUT_PTS_TOLERANCE / 2 );
/* start playing the buffer */
while( vlc_object_alive (p_notif) )
{
- long l_read, l_free_slots;
+ DWORD l_read;
+ int l_queued = 0, l_free_slots;
+ unsigned i_frame_siz = p_aout->output.i_nb_samples;
mtime_t mtime = mdate();
int i;
last_time = mtime;
/* Try to fill in as many frame buffers as possible */
- l_read /= p_aout->output.output.i_bytes_per_frame;
- l_queued = p_notif->i_write_slot * FRAME_SIZE - l_read;
- if( l_queued < 0 ) l_queued += (FRAME_SIZE * FRAMES_NUM);
- l_free_slots = (FRAMES_NUM * FRAME_SIZE - l_queued) / FRAME_SIZE;
+ l_read /= (p_aout->output.output.i_bytes_per_frame /
+ p_aout->output.output.i_frame_length);
+ l_queued = p_notif->i_write_slot * i_frame_siz - l_read;
+ if( l_queued < 0 ) l_queued += (i_frame_siz * FRAMES_NUM);
+ l_free_slots = (FRAMES_NUM * i_frame_siz - l_queued) / i_frame_siz;
for( i = 0; i < l_free_slots; i++ )
{
aout_buffer_t *p_buffer = aout_OutputNextBuffer( p_aout,
- mtime + INT64_C(1000000) * (i * FRAME_SIZE + l_queued) /
+ mtime + INT64_C(1000000) * (i * i_frame_siz + l_queued) /
p_aout->output.output.i_rate, b_sleek );
/* If there is no audio data available and we have some buffered
* already, then just wait for the next time */
- if( !p_buffer && (i || l_queued / FRAME_SIZE) ) break;
+ if( !p_buffer && (i || l_queued / i_frame_siz) ) break;
if( FillBuffer( p_aout, p_notif->i_write_slot % FRAMES_NUM,
p_buffer ) != VLC_SUCCESS ) break;
}
/* Sleep a reasonable amount of time */
- l_queued += (i * FRAME_SIZE);
+ l_queued += (i * i_frame_siz);
msleep( INT64_C(1000000) * l_queued / p_aout->output.output.i_rate / 2 );
}
msg_Dbg( p_notif, "DirectSoundThread exiting" );
return NULL;
}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * CallBackConfigNBEnum: callback to get the number of available devices
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static int CALLBACK CallBackConfigNBEnum( LPGUID p_guid, LPCWSTR psz_desc,
+ LPCWSTR psz_mod, LPVOID p_nb )
+{
+ VLC_UNUSED( psz_mod ); VLC_UNUSED( psz_desc ); VLC_UNUSED( p_guid );
+
+ int * a = (int *)p_nb;
+ (*a)++;
+ return true;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * CallBackConfigEnum: callback to add available devices to the preferences list
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static int CALLBACK CallBackConfigEnum( LPGUID p_guid, LPCWSTR psz_desc,
+ LPCWSTR psz_mod, LPVOID _p_item )
+{
+ VLC_UNUSED( psz_mod ); VLC_UNUSED( p_guid );
+
+ module_config_t *p_item = (module_config_t *) _p_item;
+
+ p_item->ppsz_list[p_item->i_list] = FromWide( psz_desc );
+ p_item->ppsz_list_text[p_item->i_list] = FromWide( psz_desc );
+ p_item->i_list++;
+ return true;
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * ReloadDirectXDevices: store the list of devices in preferences
+ *****************************************************************************/
+static int ReloadDirectXDevices( vlc_object_t *p_this, char const *psz_name,
+ vlc_value_t newval, vlc_value_t oldval, void *data )
+{
+ VLC_UNUSED( newval ); VLC_UNUSED( oldval ); VLC_UNUSED( data );
+
+ module_config_t *p_item = config_FindConfig( p_this, psz_name );
+ if( !p_item ) return VLC_SUCCESS;
+
+ /* Clear-up the current list */
+ if( p_item->i_list )
+ {
+ for( int i = 0; i < p_item->i_list; i++ )
+ {
+ free((char *)(p_item->ppsz_list[i]) );
+ free((char *)(p_item->ppsz_list_text[i]) );
+ }
+ }
+
+ HRESULT (WINAPI *OurDirectSoundEnumerate)(LPDSENUMCALLBACKW, LPVOID);
+
+ HANDLE hdsound_dll = LoadLibrary("DSOUND.DLL");
+ if( hdsound_dll == NULL )
+ {
+ msg_Warn( p_this, "cannot open DSOUND.DLL" );
+ return VLC_SUCCESS;
+ }
+
+ /* Get DirectSoundEnumerate */
+ OurDirectSoundEnumerate = (void *)
+ GetProcAddress( hdsound_dll, "DirectSoundEnumerateW" );
+
+ if( OurDirectSoundEnumerate == NULL )
+ goto error;
+
+ int nb_devices = 0;
+ OurDirectSoundEnumerate(CallBackConfigNBEnum, &nb_devices);
+ msg_Dbg(p_this,"found %d devices", nb_devices);
+
+ p_item->ppsz_list = xrealloc( p_item->ppsz_list,
+ nb_devices * sizeof(char *) );
+ p_item->ppsz_list_text = xrealloc( p_item->ppsz_list_text,
+ nb_devices * sizeof(char *) );
+
+ p_item->i_list = 0;
+ OurDirectSoundEnumerate(CallBackConfigEnum, p_item);
+
+ /* Signal change to the interface */
+ p_item->b_dirty = true;
+
+error:
+ FreeLibrary(hdsound_dll);
+
+ return VLC_SUCCESS;
+}
+
projects / vlc / blobdiff